Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2021

Universal Production Music: Knock and Wait (Instrumental) by Brice Davoli [SACEM], Well That’s Difference (Instrumental) by Jeff Cardoni [ASCAP], Wanna Be Hipster (Instrumental) by Jeff Cardoni [ASCAP], Curiosity Killed Kitty (Instrumental) by Robert Leslie Bennett [ASCAP], Eco Issues (Instrumental) by Max van Thun [GEMA] Additional Footage: Pond5.com, CSPANComplete transcript available. 2021 tied for Earth’s sixth warmest year on record, continuing a long-term trend. The last decade was the hottest since at least 1880.Complete transcript available. 2021 empató como el sexto año más cálido de la Tierra, lo que continúa una tendencia a largo plazo. La última década fue la más cálida por lo menos desde 1880.Complete transcript available. Vertical VersionThis vertical version of the video is for IGTV or Snapchat. The IGTV episode can be pulled into Instagram Stories and the regular Instagram feed. Vertical VersionThis vertical version of the video is for IGTV or Snapchat. The IGTV episode can be pulled into Instagram Stories and the regular Instagram feed. Vertical VersionThis vertical version of the video is for IGTV or Snapchat. The IGTV episode can be pulled into Instagram Stories and the regular Instagram feed. Vertical VersionThis vertical version of the video is for IGTV or Snapchat. The IGTV episode can be pulled into Instagram Stories and the regular Instagram feed. 2021 was tied for the sixth warmest year on NASA’s record, stretching more than a century. But, what is a temperature record?GISTEMP, NASA’s global temperature analysis, takes in millions of observations from instruments on weather stations, ships and ocean buoys, and Antarctic research stations, to determine how much warmer or cooler Earth is on average from year to year.Stretching back to 1880, NASA’s record shows a clear warming trend. However, individual weather events and La Niña — a pattern of cooler waters in the Pacific that was responsible for slightly cooling 2021’s average temperature — can affect individual years.Because the record is global, not every place on Earth experienced the sixth warmest year on record. Some places had record-high temperatures, and we saw record droughts, floods and fires around the globe. Related pages

Karen St. Germain, NASA's Director of Earth Science, gave this presentation to the 2021 United Nations Climate Change ConferenceWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. Warmer climate amplifies Earth’s water cycle. Dry areas are getting drier and wet areas are getting wetter. The top left corner is global precipitation anomaly data from NASA/JAXA GPM IMERG. For the most recent global precipitation anomaly see https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4897 Wet areas are experiencing more flooding and extreme storms, such as typhoons and hurricanes.The top left corner shows the 2021 Hurricane season where the ocean is colored by sea surface temperature from NASA Aqua MODIS, MUR. The global precipitation is NASA/JAXA GPM IMERG, and the cloud data is NOAA CPC. Trapped atmospheric greenhouse gases warm the planet – our land, ocean, and atmosphere. Temperature Difference from the average temperature is data from NASA GISSTEMP, and the total extra heat trapped in the earth system is data from NASA CERES. More extreme conditions are occurring due to climate change, such as wildfires.The data on the left is activefires from NASA/NOAA Suomi-NPP/VIIRS. The data on the left is Landsat 8-OLI of the Camp Fire from Nov 8, 2018 https://landsat.visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=144225 Drought prone areas will see less rainfall, effecting agriculture.Data on the left is NASA SMAP data visualized by NASA Eyes. For the latest NASA SMAP data visualized with NASA Eyes see https://eyes.nasa.gov/apps/earth/#/vitalsign?vitalsign=soil_moisture&altid=0&animating=f&start=&end= NASA's Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) mission will test the connection between ocean warming and ice loss in Greenland. Warmer oceans accelerate melting of ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica Rising seas are a major consequence of climate change, impacting coastal communities, infrastructure, and economy. Source: NASA/CNES/NOAA/EUMETSAT/ESA TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, 2, & 3, Sentinel-6MF NASA data are used for projections that can help inform actions for the future. Here is an example of yield projections from wheat and maize. Source is Jaegermeyer et al. 2021 CMIP6, AgMIP, NASA Goddard. NASA Informs Actionable Climate Decision MakingNASA information aids preparation and recovery from natural hazards around the world like tracking fires at https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/ Since 1993, NASA has continuously been measuring Sea Level Height of the global oceans. NASA data and knowledge are open and free, enabling informed decision-makingExample: planning for sea level rise on 10-100 year horizons at your coastal cityhttps://sealevel.nasa.gov (also at UNFCCC) NASA has the world’s largest Earth observing fleet and has an uninterrupted record and observed evidence of climate change. Increased greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.Trapped atmospheric greenhouse gases warm the planet – our land, ocean, and atmosphere. Most of the global warming goes into the ocean, delaying the full impact of global warming. Ocean currents move the heat around the globe, impacting your local weather and climate. Warmer oceans accelerate melting of ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. Rising seas are a major consequence of climate change, impacting coastal communities, infrastructure, and economy. Warmer climate amplifies Earth’s water cycle. Dry areas are getting drier and wet areas are getting wetter. Wet areas are experiencing more flooding and extreme storms, such as typhoons and hurricanes. Drought prone areas will see less rainfall, effecting agriculture. NASA data are used for projections that can help inform actions for the future. More extreme conditions are occurring due to climate change, such as wildfires. NASA data and knowledge are open and free, enabling informed decision-making. NASA information aids preparation and recovery from natural hazards around the world Related pages

Music: Futurity by Lee Groves [PRS] and Peter George Marett [PRS]Complete transcript available. En EspañolMusic: Transcode by Lee Groves [PRS] and Peter George Marett [PRS]Complete transcript available. Average global crop yields for maize, or corn, may see a decrease of 24% by late century, with the declines becoming apparent by 2030, with high greenhouse gas emissions, according to a new NASA study. Wheat, in contrast, may see an uptick in crop yields by about 17%. The change in yields is due to the projected increases in temperature, shifts in rainfall patterns and elevated surface carbon dioxide concentrations due to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions, making it more difficult to grow maize in the tropics and expanding wheat’s growing range. Related pages

Music: "Connections Established," "Data Visions," Universal Production MusicComplete transcript available. Continuing key observations of the Earth is really important to see how our atmosphere, land and oceans are changing over time. A long term record, combined with cutting edge observations from the new NASA Earth System Observatory, will continue to push boundaries to better understand our ever changing Earth. Related pages

This is the SVS Demo Reel submitted to SIGGRAPH 2021.Coming soon to our YouTube channel. Music Credit:"Always A Way" by Stefan Rodescu [SACEM], Yannick Kalfayan [SACEM], Universal Production Music Related pages

Music: Organic Machine by Bernhard Hering [GEMA] and Matthias Kruger [GEMA]Complete transcript available. Universal Production Music: "A City Asleep Instrumental," "Inducing Waves Main Track," "Getting Bad Instrumental," "It's Decision Time Underscore," "In Doubt Instrumental." This video can be freely shared and downloaded. While the video in its entirety can be shared without permission, some individual imagery provided by pond5.com and Artbeats is obtained through permission and may not be excised or remixed in other products. Specific details on stock footage may be found here. For more information on NASA’s media guidelines, visit https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/guidelines/index.html.Complete transcript available. This data visualization of black carbon from the GEOS forward processinf (GEOS-FP) model shows the abundande and direction of black carbon from New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland blowing through the atmosphere from November 1-18. The summer of 2020 was marked by extremefires in Siberia and the Western United States. Series of extensive and powerful wildfires charred vast swaths of forest and shrubland and altered the composition of the atmosphere in the Northern Hemisphere. We study Earth and how it’s changing from the ground, the sky, and space. Using data from sensors all around the planet, we calculate the global average temperature, working with our partners at NOAA. Music: Organic Machine by Bernhard Hering [GEMA] and Matthias Kruger [GEMA]Complete transcript available. NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens, based on data from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies/Gavin Schmidt NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens, based on data from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies/Gavin Schmidt NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens, based on data from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies/Gavin Schmidt National Interagency Fire Center image of Loyalton Fire in August 2020 Globally, 2020 was the hottest year on record, effectively tying 2016, the previous record. Overall, Earth’s average temperature has risen more than 2 degrees Fahrenheit since the 1880s. Temperatures are increasing due to human activities, specifically emissions of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide and methane. Related pages

Music: A Curious Incident by Jay Price [PRS] and Paul Reeves [PRS]Complete transcript available. Plants play a key role in mitigating climate change. The more carbon dioxide they absorb during photosynthesis, the less carbon dioxide remains trapped in the atmosphere where it can cause temperatures to rise. But scientists have identified an unsettling trend – 86% of land ecosystems globally are becoming progressively less efficient at absorbing the increasing levels of CO2 from the atmosphere. Related pages

Music: Rain over the Sea by Bruno Vouillon [SACEM]Complete transcript available. Music: Rain over the Sea by Bruno Vouillon [SACEM]Complete transcript available. Earth’s global sea levels are rising – and are doing so at an accelerating rate. Waters in the ocean are expanding as they absorb massive amounts of heat trapped by greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere. Glaciers and ice sheets are adding hundreds of gigatons of meltwater into the oceans each year. With satellites, airborne missions, shipboard measurements, and supercomputers, NASA has been investigating sea level rise for decades. Together with our international and interagency partners, we’re monitoring the causes of sea level rise with high accuracy and precision. Global sea level is rising approximately 0.13 inches (3.3 millimeters) a year. That’s 30% more than when NASA launched its first satellite mission to measure ocean heights in 1992.nasa.gov/sea-level-rise-2020 Related pages

Music: "Solar Winds" by Ben Niblett [PRS] and Jon Cotton [PRS] courtesy of Universal Production Music.Complete transcript available. On the afternoon of June 13, 2020, a vehicle fire near the intersection of Bush Highway and State Route 87 ignited the brush and grass nearby. As of June 25, 2020, the Bush Fire is one of the five largest fires in Arizona's history. NASA’s satellite instruments are often the first to detect wildfires burning in remote regions, and the locations of new fires are sent directly to land managers worldwide within hours of the satellite overpass. Together, NASA instruments detect actively burning fires, track the transport of smoke from fires, provide information for fire management, and map the extent of changes to ecosystems, based on the extent and severity of burn scars. NASA has a fleet of Earth-observing instruments, many of which contribute to our understanding of fire in the Earth system. For More InformationSee [https://www.nasa.gov/fires](https://www.nasa.gov/fires) Related pages

Music: Avalanches by Chris Constantinou [PRS] and Paul Frazer [PRS]Complete transcript available. Video translated into SpanishComplete transcript available. Earth’s long-term warming trend can be seen in this visualization of NASA’s global temperature record, which shows how the planet’s temperatures are changing over time, compared to a baseline average from 1951 to 1980. The record is shown as a running five-year average. Zoom into the U.S. Audio from telecon with Gavin Schmidt and Deke Arndt Earth's global surface temperatures in 2019 ranked second warmest since 1880, according to independent analyses by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).Global temperatures in 2019 were 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius) warmer than the late 19th Century, according to scientists at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. 2019's temperatures were second only to those of 2016 and continued the planet's long-term warming trend: the six warmest years on the instrumental record have been the six last years. Related pages

Music: Hiraeth by Anthony Edwin Phillips [PRS], James Edward CollinsComplete transcript available. Arctic sea ice likely reached its 2019 minimum extent of 1.60 million square miles (4.15 million square kilometers) on Sept. 18, tied for second lowest summertime extent in the satellite record, according to NASA and the National Snow and Ice Data Center.The Arctic sea ice cap is an expanse of frozen seawater floating on top of the Arctic Ocean and neighboring seas. Every year, it expands and thickens during the fall and winter and grows smaller and thinner during the spring and summer. But in the past decades, increasing temperatures have caused marked decreases in the Arctic sea ice extents in all seasons, with particularly rapid reductions in the minimum end-of-summer ice extent. The shrinking of the Arctic sea ice cover can ultimately affect local ecosystems, global weather patterns, and the circulation of the oceans. Related pages

Music: Stepping Stone Bridge by Timothy Michael Hammond [PRS], Wayne Roberts [PRS]Watching Ladybirds by Benjamin James Parsons [PRS] This video can be freely shared and downloaded. While the video in its entirety can be shared without permission, some individual imagery provided by pond5.com and Artbeats is obtained through permission and may not be excised or remixed in other products. Specific details on stock footage may be found here. For more information on NASA’s media guidelines, visit https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/guidelines/index.html. Complete transcript available. Wildfires in the Arctic often burn far away from population centers, but their impacts are felt around the globe. From field and laboratory work to airborne campaigns and satellites, NASA is studying how climate change is contributing to more frequent and powerful boreal forest and tundra fires and what that means for climate forecasting, ecosystems and human health.To learn more about ABoVE, visit:https://above.nasa.gov For More InformationSee [nasa.gov/fire](nasa.gov/fire) Related pages

Music: After the Sun by Andrew Michael Britton [PRS], David Stephen Goldsmith [PRS], Andrew Skeet [PRS]Complete transcript available. This Earth Day, NASA invites you to share how you #PictureEarth. For inspiration, NASA collected some of the best and most inconic satellite images and data visualizations capture over the last year. NASA's space-based view of our planet, and the way it's changing, helps humans understand Earth better. Image Sources:International Space Station: Clouds and Continentshttps://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/BeyondThePhotography/CrewEarthObservationsVideos/Earth Observing Fleet (June 2018)https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4662A Clear Spring View of the Great Lakeshttps://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/144747/a-clear-spring-view-of-the-great-lakesA Spacecraft’s Journey to the Space Stationhttps://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/144408/a-spacecrafts-journey-to-the-space-stationEtna Awakens on its Sidehttps://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/144493/etna-awakens-on-its-sideUrban Growth in Las Vegashttps://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30215Pinwheel Squares in Boliviahttps://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/144717/pinwheel-squares-in-boliviaAquaculture in China https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/144624/seaweed-and-fish-worldGrowth of Medina, Saudi Arabia https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/144471/living-on-lavaPhytoplankton Bloom in the Baltic Seahttps://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/144643/jupiter-or-earthTyphoon Mangkhut https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/92749/mangkhut-bearing-down-on-the-philippinesHurricane Maria and Disaster Recovery in Puerto Ricohttps://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4658Damage to El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Ricohttps://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4621Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2018https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4626City Lights from the International Space Stationhttps://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/92912/earth-awash-in-lights-of-the-nightEarth’s Magnetospherehttps://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4663Ozonewatch 2018https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30985Sea Ice Maximum Extent 2018https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4628Annual Arctic Sea Ice Minimum 1979 - 2018https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4686Average Motion of Greenland Ice Sheethttps://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4688Wide View of a Shrinking Glacier: Retreat at Pine Islandhttps://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/pine-islandChanges of the Padma River https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/world-of-change/PadmaRiverEvolution of the Meteorological Observing System https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4654Global Fire Weather Databasehttps://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4634Tropical Storm Michael Drenches the Carolinashttps://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4692GPM Captures Super Typhoon Mangkhut Approaching the Philippineshttps://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4682Ice Cube Cubesat Measures High Altitude Atmospheric Icehttps://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4636Interface to Space: The Equatorial Fountainhttps://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4617Midsummer Sunrise, Gulf of Saint Lawrence https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/92622/midsummer-sunrise-gulf-of-saint-lawrenceLove in the Air: Von Kármán Vorticeshttps://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/144556/love-is-in-the-airCloudy Congo River Basin https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/144608/cloudy-congo-river-basinEurope at Night https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/NightLightsInternational Space Station: Canada at Night https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/BeyondThePhotography/CrewEarthObservationsVideos/ Related pages

Music: Sculpture by Axel Coon [GEMA], Ralf Goebel [GEMA]Complete transcript available. This color-coded map shows global surface temperature anomalies. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. 2018 was the fourth warmest year on record, part of a decades-long warming trend. In 2018, the temperature was 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the average from 1951 to 1980. The measurement is a global average, so some places felt record high temperatures, while others were near average or even cooler. This animated figure shows the seasonal cycle in global temperature anomalies for every month since 1880. Each line shows how much the global monthly temperature was above or below the annual global mean from 1980–2015. The column on the right lists each year when a new global temperature record was set. These seasonal anomalies are drawn from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2) model run by NASA’s Global Modeling and Assimilation Office.Credit; NASA Earth Observatory/Joshua Stevens This line plot shows yearly temperature anomalies from 1880 to 2018, with respect to the 1951-1980 mean, as recorded by NASA, NOAA, the Japan Meteorological Agency, the Berkeley Earth research group, and the Met Office Hadley Centre (UK). Though there are minor variations from year to year, all five temperature records show peaks and valleys in sync with each other. All show rapid warming in the past few decades, and all show the past decade has been the warmest.Credit: NASA Earth Observatory/Joshua Stevens 2018 was the fourth hottest year in the modern record, part of a decades-long trend of warming. The record dates back to 1880, when it became possible to collect consistent, reliable temperatures around the planet. NASA and NOAA work together to track the temperatures, part of ongoing research into our warming planet. Related pages

This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2016-2020. Scale in degrees Celsius. This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2016-2020. Scale in degrees Fahrenheit. This data visualization places the most recent time step, 2016-2020, of our global surface temperature anomalies on a rotating globe. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Scale is in degrees Fahrenheit. THe Earth's topography is exaggerated by 10x. This frame sequence is the corresponding date range for each frame in the sequence. This 136 frame sequence of color-coded global temperature anomalies in robinson projection display a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies in Fahrenheit. The first frame in this sequence represents the data from 1880-1884. The second frame represents 1881-1885, ...and the last frame represents 2016-2020. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Degrees Fahrenheit Colorbar Degrees Celsius Colorbar This frame sequence of color-coded global temperature anomalies in degrees celsius is designed to be displayed on the Science on a Sphere projection system. Each image represents a unique 5 year rolling time period with no fades between datasets. Frame 1884 represents data from 1880-1884, frame 1885 represents data from 1881-1885,... frame 2020 represents data from 2016-2020. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Degrees Celsius horizontal colorbar 2020 Tied for Warmest Year on Record, NASA Analysis ShowsEarth’s global average surface temperature in 2020 tied with 2016 as the warmest year on record, according to an analysis by NASA. Continuing the planet’s long-term warming trend, the year’s globally averaged temperature was 1.84 degrees Fahrenheit (1.02 degrees Celsius) warmer than the baseline 1951-1980 mean, according to scientists at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. 2020 edged out 2016 by a very small amount, within the margin of error of the analysis, making the years effectively tied for the warmest year on record.“The last seven years have been the warmest seven years on record, typifying the ongoing and dramatic warming trend,” said GISS Director Gavin Schmidt. “Whether one year is a record or not is not really that important – the important things are long-term trends. With these trends, and as the human impact on the climate increases, we have to expect that records will continue to be broken.”A Warming, Changing WorldTracking global temperature trends provides a critical indicator of the impact of human activities – specifically, greenhouse gas emissions – on our planet. Earth's average temperature has risen more than 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.2 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century. Rising temperatures are causing phenomena such as loss of sea ice and ice sheet mass, sea level rise, longer and more intense heat waves, and shifts in plant and animal habitats. Understanding such long-term climate trends is essential for the safety and quality of human life, allowing humans to adapt to the changing environment in ways such as planting different crops, managing our water resources and preparing for extreme weather events.Land, Sea, Air and SpaceNASA’s analysis incorporates surface temperature measurements from more than 26,000 weather stations and thousands of ship- and buoy-based observations of sea surface temperatures. These raw measurements are analyzed using an algorithm that considers the varied spacing of temperature stations around the globe and urban heating effects that could skew the conclusions if not taken into account. The result of these calculations is an estimate of the global average temperature difference from a baseline period of 1951 to 1980.NASA measures Earth's vital signs from land, air, and space with a fleet of satellites, as well as airborne and ground-based observation campaigns. The satellite surface temperature record from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument aboard NASA’s Aura satellite confirms the GISTEMP results of the past seven years being the warmest on record. Satellite measurements of air temperature, sea surface temperature, and sea levels, as well as other space-based observations, also reflect a warming, changing world. The agency develops new ways to observe and study Earth's interconnected natural systems with long-term data records and computer analysis tools to better see how our planet is changing. NASA shares this unique knowledge with the global community and works with institutions in the United States and around the world that contribute to understanding and protecting our home planet. NASA’s full surface temperature data set – and the complete methodology used to make the temperature calculation – are available at: https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistempGISS is a NASA laboratory managed by the Earth Sciences Division of the agency’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The laboratory is affiliated with Columbia University’s Earth Institute and School of Engineering and Applied Science in New York.For more information about NASA’s Earth science missions, visit: https://www.nasa.gov/earth Related pages

This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2015-2019. Scale in degrees Celsius. This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2015-2019. Scale in degrees Fahrenheit. Degrees Celsius Colorbar Degrees Fahrenheit Colorbar Date Sequence This data visualization places the most recent time step, 2015-2019, of our global surface temperature anomalies on a rotating globe. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Scale is in degrees Fahrenheit. This frame sequence of color-coded global temperature anomalies in robinson projection display a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies in Fahrenheit. Each image represents a unique 5 year rolling time period with no fades between datasets. The frame number of each frame is the last year for that frame's time period. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. This frame sequence of color-coded global temperature anomalies in degrees celsius is designed to be displayed on the Science on a Sphere projection system. Each image represents a unique 5 year rolling time period with no fades between datasets. Frame 1884 represents data from 1880-1884, frame 1885 represents data from 1881-1885,... frame 2019 represents data from 2015-2019. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. NASA, NOAA Analyses Reveal 2019 Second Warmest Year on RecordAccording to independent analyses by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Earth's global surface temperatures in 2019 were the second warmest since modern recordkeeping began in 1880.Globally, 2019 temperatures were second only to those of 2016 and continued the planet's long-term warming trend: the past five years have been the warmest of the last 140 years. This past year, they were 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit (0.98 degrees Celsius) warmer than the 1951 to 1980 mean, according to scientists at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. “The decade that just ended is clearly the warmest decade on record,” said GISS Director Gavin Schmidt. “Every decade since the 1960s clearly has been warmer than the one before.”Since the 1880s, the average global surface temperature has risen and the average temperature is now more than 2 degrees Fahrenheit (a bit more than 1 degree Celsius) above that of the late 19th century. For reference, the last Ice Age was about 10 degrees Fahrenheit colder than pre-industrial temperatures.Using climate models and statistical analysis of global temperature data, scientists have concluded that this increase mostly has been driven by increased emissions into the atmosphere of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases produced by human activities.“We crossed over into more than 2 degrees Fahrenheit warming territory in 2015 and we are unlikely to go back. This shows that what’s happening is persistent, not a fluke due to some weather phenomenon: we know that the long-term trends are being driven by the increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,” Schmidt said.Because weather station locations and measurement practices change over time, the interpretation of specific year-to-year global mean temperature differences has some uncertainties. Taking this into account, NASA estimates that 2019’s global mean change is accurate to within 0.1 degrees Fahrenheit, with a 95% certainty level.Weather dynamics often affect regional temperatures, so not every region on Earth experienced similar amounts of warming. NOAA found the 2019 annual mean temperature for the contiguous 48 United States was the 34th warmest on record, giving it a “warmer than average” classification. The Arctic region has warmed slightly more than three times faster than the rest of the world since 1970.Rising temperatures in the atmosphere and ocean are contributing to the continued mass loss from Greenland and Antarctica and to increases in some extreme events, such as heat waves, wildfires, intense precipitation.NASA’s temperature analyses incorporate surface temperature measurements from more than 20,000 weather stations, ship- and buoy-based observations of sea surface temperatures, and temperature measurements from Antarctic research stations.These in situ measurements are analyzed using an algorithm that considers the varied spacing of temperature stations around the globe and urban heat island effects that could skew the conclusions. These calculations produce the global average temperature deviations from the baseline period of 1951 to 1980.NOAA scientists used much of the same raw temperature data, but with a different interpolation into the Earth’s polar and other data-poor regions. NOAA’s analysis found 2019 global temperatures were 1.7 degrees Fahrenheit (0.95 degrees Celsius) above the 20th century average.NASA’s full 2019 surface temperature data set and the complete methodology used for the temperature calculation and its uncertainties are available at:https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistempGISS is a laboratory within the Earth Sciences Division of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The laboratory is affiliated with Columbia University’s Earth Institute and School of Engineering and Applied Science in New York.NASA uses the unique vantage point of space to better understand Earth as an interconnected system. The agency also uses airborne and ground-based measurements, and develops new ways to observe and study Earth with long-term data records and computer analysis tools to better see how our planet is changing. NASA shares this knowledge with the global community and works with institutions in the United States and around the world that contribute to understanding and protecting our home planet.For more information about NASA’s Earth science activities, visit:https://www.nasa.gov/earthThe slides for the Jan. 15 news conference are available at:https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/briefings/20200115.pdfNOAA’s Global Report is available at:https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/201913 Related pages

This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2018. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2014 through 2018. Scale in degree Celsius. This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2018. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2014 through 2018. Scale in degree Fahrenheit. Dates Sequence for the series. temperature anomaly in degrees Celsius colorbar temperature anomaly in degrees Fahrenheit colorbar Global temperature anomaly data from 1880- 2018, in degrees Fahrenheit, on a spinning globe. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. This frame sequence of color-coded global temperature anomalies in robinson projection display a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies in Fahrenheit. Each image represents a unique 5 year rolling time period with no fades between datasets. The frame number of each frame is the last year for that frame's time period. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal are shown in blue. This frame sequence of color-coded global temperature anomalies in degrees celsius. This frame sequence is designed to be displayed on the Science on a Sphere projection system. Each image represents a unique 5 year rolling time period with no fades between datasets. Frame 1 represents data from 1880-1884, frame 2 represents data from 1881-1885,... frame 135 represents data from 2014-2018. There is a metadata file called dateinfo_4626.txt. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal are shown in blue. 2018 Fourth Warmest Year in Continuing Warming Trend, According to NASA, NOAAEarth's global surface temperatures in 2018 were the fourth warmest since 1880, according to independent analyses by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).Global temperatures in 2018 were 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit (0.83 degrees Celsius) warmer than the 1951 to 1980 mean, according to scientists at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. Globally, 2018's temperatures rank behind those of 2016, 2017 and 2015. The past five years are, collectively, the warmest years in the modern record.“2018 is yet again an extremely warm year on top of a long-term global warming trend,” said GISS Director Gavin Schmidt.Since the 1880s, the average global surface temperature has risen about 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius). This warming has been driven, in large part, by increased emissions into the atmosphere of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases caused by human activities, according to Schmidt. Warming trends are strongest in the Arctic region, where 2018 saw the continued loss of sea ice. In addition, mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets continued to contribute to sea level rise. Increasing temperatures can also contribute to longer fire seasons and some extreme weather events, according to Schmidt.Warming trends are strongest in the Arctic regions, where 2018 saw the continued loss of sea ice, as well as mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets that contribute to sea level rise. Increasing temperatures can also contribute to longer fire seasons and some extreme weather events, according to Schmidt.“The impacts of long-term global warming are already being felt - in coastal flooding, heat waves, intense precipitation and ecosystem change,” said Schmidt.NASA’s temperature analyses incorporate surface temperature measurements from 6,300 weather stations, ship- and buoy-based observations of sea surface temperatures, and temperature measurements from Antarctic research stations.These raw measurements are analyzed using an algorithm that considers the varied spacing of temperature stations around the globe and urban heat island effects that could skew the conclusions. These calculations produce the global average temperature deviations from the baseline period of 1951 to 1980.Because weather station locations and measurement practices change over time, the interpretation of specific year-to-year global mean temperature differences has some uncertainties. Taking this into account, NASA estimates that 2018’s global mean change is accurate to within 0.1 degree Fahrenheit, with a 95 percent certainty level.NOAA scientists used much of the same raw temperature data, but with a different baseline period and different interpolation into the Earth’s polar and other data poor regions. NOAA’s analysis found 2018 global temperatures were 1.42 degrees Fahrenheit (0.79 degrees Celsius) above the 20th century average.NASA’s full 2018 surface temperature data set — and the complete methodology used to make the temperature calculation — are available at:https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistempGISS is a laboratory within the Earth Sciences Division of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The laboratory is affiliated with Columbia University’s Earth Institute and School of Engineering and Applied Science in New York.NASA uses the unique vantage point of space to better understand Earth as an interconnected system. The agency also uses airborne and ground-based monitoring, and develops new ways to observe and study Earth with long-term data records and computer analysis tools to better see how our planet is changing. NASA shares this knowledge with the global community and works with institutions in the United States and around the world that contribute to understanding and protecting our home planet.For more information about NASA’s Earth science missions, visit:https://www.nasa.gov/earth Related pages

This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2017. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2013 through 2017. Scale in degree Celsius.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2017. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2013 through 2017. Scale in degree Fahrenheit. Global temperature data for December 2017, in degrees Fahrenheit, starting with North America and pulling back to reveal the whole world. The December 2017 temperatures are compared to a baseline of the 1951-1980 average temperature. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. Global temperature data for 2017, in degrees Fahrenheit, on a spinning globe. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. Global temperature data for 2017, in degrees Fahrenheit. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. Color bar in Celsius from -2 degrees to +2 degrees Color bar in fahrenheit from -4 degrees to +4 degrees Dates-only overlay corresponding to five year global temperature anomalies from 1880 to 2017 (First and second visualization on this webpage) This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2017. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2013 through 2017. Scale in degree Celsius. This version has no dates or color bar. This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2017. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2013 through 2017. Scale in degree Fahrenheit. This version has no dates or color bar. This frame sequence of color-coded global temperature anomalies in robinson projection display a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies in Fahrenheit. Each image represents a unique 5 year rolling time period with no fades between datasets. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal are shown in blue. This color-coded map in high resolution (4096x2048) 2:1 rectangular projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2017. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2013 through 2017. Scale in degree Celsius. This version has no dates or color bar. Earth’s global surface temperatures in 2017 were the second warmest since modern recordkeeping began in 1880, according to an analysis by NASA.Continuing the planet’s long-term warming trend, globally averaged temperatures in 2017 were 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.90 degrees Celsius) warmer than the 1951 to 1980 mean, according to scientists at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. That is second only to global temperatures in 2016. Last year was the third consecutive year in which temperatures were more than 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degree Celsius) above late nineteenth-century levels.NASA’s temperature analyses incorporate surface temperature measurements from 6,300 weather stations, ship- and buoy-based observations of sea surface temperatures, and temperature measurements from Antarctic research stations. These raw measurements are analyzed using an algorithm that considers the varied spacing of temperature stations around the globe and urban heating effects that could skew the conclusions. These calculations produce the global average temperature deviations from the baseline period of 1951 to 1980.The full 2017 surface temperature data set and the complete methodology used to make the temperature calculation are available at:http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/GISS is a laboratory within the Earth Sciences Division of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The laboratory is affiliated with Columbia University’s Earth Institute and School of Engineering and Applied Science in New York.NASA uses the unique vantage point of space to better understand Earth as an interconnected system. The agency also uses airborne and ground-based monitoring, and develops new ways to observe and study Earth with long-term data records and computer analysis tools to better see how our planet is changing. NASA shares this knowledge with the global community and works with institutions in the United States and around the world that contribute to understanding and protecting our home planet. Related pages

This color-coded map displays a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2016. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies averaged from 2012 through 2016 in degrees Celsius. This color-coded map displays a 10 second progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2016. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies averaged from 2012 through 2016 in degrees Celsius. This movie was designed for social media audiences. Temperature Difference in Degrees Celsius Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 2012-2016 in degrees Celsius. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 2002-2006 in degrees Celsius. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1992-1996 in degrees Celsius. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1982-1986 in degrees Celsius. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1972-1976 in degrees Celsius. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1962-1966 in degrees Celsius. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1952-1956 in degrees Celsius. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1942-1946 in degrees Celsius. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1932-1936 in degrees Celsius. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1922-1926 in degrees Celsius. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1912-1916 in degrees Celsius. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1902-1906 in degrees Celsius. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1892-1896 in degrees Celsius. This color-coded map displays a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2016. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies averaged from 2012 through 2016 in degrees Fahrenheit. Temperature DIfference colorbar in degrees Fahrenheit This frame sequence of color-coded global temperature anomalies in robinson projection display a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies in Fahrenheit. Each image represents a unique 5 year rolling time period with no fades between datasets. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal are shown in blue. This color-coded map displays a 1 minute progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2016 at ultra high definition resolution (3840 x 2160). The final frame represents global temperature anomalies averaged from 2012 through 2016 in degrees Fahrenheit. Earth’s 2016 surface temperatures were the warmest since modern recordkeeping began in 1880, according to independent analyses by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).Globally-averaged temperatures in 2016 were 1.78 degrees Fahrenheit (0.99 degrees Celsius) warmer than the mid-20th century mean. This makes 2016 the third year in a row to set a new record for global average surface temperatures. The 2016 temperatures continue a long-term warming trend, according to analyses by scientists at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. NOAA scientists concur with the finding that 2016 was the warmest year on record based on separate, independent analyses of the data. Because weather station locations and measurement practices change over time, there are uncertainties in the interpretation of specific year-to-year global mean temperature differences. However, even taking this into account, NASA estimates 2016 was the warmest year with greater than 95 percent certainty. “2016 is remarkably the third record year in a row in this series,” said GISS Director Gavin Schmidt. “We don’t expect record years every year, but the ongoing long-term warming trend is clear.”The planet’s average surface temperature has risen about 2.0 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with 16 of the 17 warmest years on record occurring since 2001. Not only was 2016 the warmest year on record, but eight of the 12 months that make up the year – from January through September, with the exception of June – were the warmest on record for those respective months. October and November of 2016 were the second warmest of those months on record – in both cases, behind records set in 2015.Phenomena such as El Niño or La Niña, which warm or cool the upper tropical Pacific Ocean and cause corresponding variations in global wind and weather patterns, contribute to short-term variations in global average temperature. A warming El Niño event was in effect for most of 2015 and the first third of 2016. Researchers estimate the direct impact of the natural El Nino warming in the tropical Pacific increased the annual global temperature anomaly for 2016 by 0.2 degrees Fahrenheit (0.12 degrees Celsius).Weather dynamics often affect regional temperatures, so not every region on Earth experienced record average temperatures last year. For example, both NASA and NOAA found the 2016 annual mean temperature for the contiguous 48 United States was the second warmest on record. In contrast, the Arctic experienced its warmest year ever, consistent with record low sea ice found in that region for most of the year.NASA’s analyses incorporate surface temperature measurements from 6,300 weather stations, ship- and buoy-based observations of sea surface temperatures, and temperature measurements from Antarctic research stations. These raw measurements are analyzed using an algorithm that considers the varied spacing of temperature stations around the globe and urban heating effects that could skew the conclusions. The result of these calculations is an estimate of the global average temperature difference from a baseline period of 1951 to 1980.NOAA scientists used much of the same raw temperature data, but with a different baseline period, and different methods to analyze Earth’s polar regions and global temperatures.GISS is a laboratory within the Earth Sciences Division of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The laboratory is affiliated with Columbia University’s Earth Institute and School of Engineering and Applied Science in New York.NASA monitors Earth's vital signs from land, air and space with a fleet of satellites, as well as airborne and ground-based observation campaigns. The agency develops new ways to observe and study Earth's interconnected natural systems with long-term data records and computer analysis tools to better see how our planet is changing. NASA shares this unique knowledge with the global community and works with institutions in the United States and around the world that contribute to understanding and protecting our home planet.The full 2016 surface temperature data set and the complete methodology used to make the temperature calculation are available at: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp Related pages

This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2015. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2011 through 2015. Scale in degree Celsius.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. This color-coded map draped over the spherical Earth displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2015. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2011 through 2015. Scale is in degrees Celsius. This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2014. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2010 through 2014. Scale in degrees Fahrenheit. This frame sequence of color-coded global temperature anomalies in robinson projection display a progression of changing global surface temperatures. Each image represents a unique 5 year rolling time period with no fades between datasets. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal are shown in blue. Colortable in fahrenheit from -4 degrees to +4 degrees This is an abbreviated version because this movie only uses the frames from 1950 through 2015. Global temperature anomalies averaged from 1881-1885 using the colortable in fahrenheit. Global temperature anomalies averaged from 1891-1895 using the colortable in fahrenheit. Global temperature anomalies averaged from 1901-1905 using the colortable in fahrenheit. Global temperature anomalies averaged from 1911-1915 using the colortable in fahrenheit. Global temperature anomalies averaged from 1921-1925 using the colortable in fahrenheit. Global temperature anomalies averaged from 1931-1935 using the colortable in fahrenheit. Global temperature anomalies averaged from 1941-1945 using the colortable in fahrenheit. Global temperature anomalies averaged from 1951-1955 using the colortable in fahrenheit. Global temperature anomalies averaged from 1961-1965 using the colortable in fahrenheit. Global temperature anomalies averaged from 1971-1975 using the colortable in fahrenheit. Global temperature anomalies averaged from 1981-1985 using the colortable in fahrenheit. Global temperature anomalies averaged from 1991-1995 using the colortable in fahrenheit. Global temperature anomalies averaged from 2001-2005 using the colortable in fahrenheit. Global temperature anomalies averaged from 2011-2015 using the colortable in fahrenheit. Science On a Sphere version Earth’s 2015 surface temperatures were the warmest since modern record keeping began in 1880, according to independent analyses by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).Globally-averaged temperatures in 2015 shattered the previous mark set in 2014 by 0.23 degrees Fahrenheit (0.13 Celsius). Only once before, in 1998, has the new record been greater than the old record by this much.The 2015 temperatures continue a long-term warming trend, according to analyses by scientists at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York (GISTEMP). NOAA scientists agreed with the finding that 2015 was the warmest year on record based on separate, independent analyses of the data. Because weather station locations and measurements change over time, there is some uncertainty in the individual values in the GISTEMP index. Taking this into account, NASA analysis estimates 2015 was the warmest year with 94 percent certainty. “Climate change is the challenge of our generation, and NASA’s vital work on this important issue affects every person on Earth,” said NASA Administrator Charles Bolden. “Today’s announcement not only underscores how critical NASA’s Earth observation program is, it is a key data point that should make policy makers stand up and take notice - now is the time to act on climate.”The planet’s average surface temperature has risen about 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit (1.0 degree Celsius) since the late-19th century, a change largely driven by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with 15 of the 16 warmest years on record occurring since 2001. Last year was the first time the global average temperatures were 1 degree Celsius or more above the 1880-1899 average.Phenomena such as El Niño or La Niña, which warm or cool the tropical Pacific Ocean, can contribute to short-term variations in global average temperature. A warming El Niño was in effect for most of 2015.“2015 was remarkable even in the context of the ongoing El Niño,” said GISS Director Gavin Schmidt. “Last year’s temperatures had an assist from El Niño, but it is the cumulative effect of the long-term trend that has resulted in the record warming that we are seeing.”Weather dynamics often affect regional temperatures, so not every region on Earth experienced record average temperatures last year. For example, NASA and NOAA found that the 2015 annual mean temperature for the contiguous 48 United States was the second warmest on record.The GISTEMP analysis website is located at: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ Related pages

This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2014. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2010 through 2014. Temperature Difference Colorbar This frame set displays the same content as the above frame set. It is the progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2014 without the dates or colorbar overlays. This is the abbreviated 14 second movie starts in 1950 and runs through 2014 with dates and colorbar applied. Date Overlay This frame set of the visualization is designed to be displayed on the Science On a Sphere device. This frame sequence of color-coded Global temperatures in robinson projection display a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2014. Each image represents a unique 5 year time period in the sequence. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. NASA Finds 2014 Was Warmest Year in Modern RecordThe year 2014 ranks as Earth’s warmest since 1880, according to an analysis by NASA scientists.The 10 warmest years in the instrumental record, with the exception of 1998, have now occurred since 2000. This trend continues a long-term warming of the planet, according to an analysis of surface temperature measurements by scientists at NASA’s Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS) in New York.In an independent analysis of the raw data, NOAA scientists also found 2014 to be the warmest on record.For understanding climate change, the long-term trend of rising temperatures across the planet is more important than any year’s individual ranking. These rankings can be sensitive to analysis methods and sampling. While 2014 ranks as the warmest year in NASA’s global temperature record, it is statistically close to the values from 2010 and 2005, the next warmest years.Since 1880, the average surface temperature of Earth has warmed by about 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit (0.8 degrees Celsius), a trend that is largely driven by the increase in carbon dioxide and other human emissions into the planet’s atmosphere. The majority of that warming has occurred in the past three decades.Regional differences in temperature in any year are more strongly affected by weather dynamics than the global mean. For example, in the U.S. in 2014, parts of the Midwest and East Coast were anomalously cool, while Alaska and three western U.S. states – California, Arizona and Nevada – recorded their warmest years on record, according to NOAA, which assesses official U.S. temperature records.The GISTEMP analysis website is located at: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ For More InformationSee [http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/](http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/) Related pages

This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2013. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal temperatures are shown in blue.The final frame represents global temperature anomalies averaged from 2009 through 2013. This color-coded map displays the above progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2013 without the date and colorbar overlays. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 2009 to 2013 in Robinson projection. Temperature Difference Colorbar This is the frame matched date overlay that corresponds to the data. Abbreviated 14 second movie starting from 1950 through 2013 with dates and colorbar applied. Abbreviated 7 second movie which starts in 1950 and runs through 2013 with dates and colorbar. This frame set is designed to be used on the Science On a Sphere display. It contains the five-year rolling averages that start with (1880 through 1884) and end with (2009 through 2013). This 1920 by 1080 pixel frame sequence has each 5 year rolling average beginning with the first data set from 1880-1884 and ending with the last data set from 2009-2014 without any transition frames included. NASA scientists say 2013 tied with 2009 and 2006 for the seventh warmest year since 1880, continuing a long-term trend of rising global temperatures. With the exception of 1998, the 10 warmest years in the 134-year record all have occurred since 2000, with 2010 and 2005 ranking as the warmest years on record.NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York, which analyzes global surface temperatures on an ongoing basis, released an updated report Tuesday on temperatures around the globe in 2013. The comparison shows how Earth continues to experience temperatures warmer than those measured several decades ago. The average temperature in 2013 was 58.3 degrees Fahrenheit (14.6 degrees Celsius), which is 1.1 °F (0.6 °C) warmer than the mid-20th century baseline. The average global temperature has risen about 1.4 °F (0.8 °C) since 1880, according to the new analysis. Exact rankings for individual years are sensitive to data inputs and analysis methods."Long-term trends in surface temperatures are unusual and 2013 adds to the evidence for ongoing climate change," GISS climatologist Gavin Schmidt said. "While one year or one season can be affected by random weather events, this analysis shows the necessity for continued, long-term monitoring."Scientists emphasize that weather patterns always will cause fluctuations in average temperatures from year to year, but the continued increases in greenhouse gas levels in Earth's atmosphere are driving a long-term rise in global temperatures. Each successive year will not necessarily be warmer than the year before, but with the current level of greenhouse gas emissions, scientists expect each successive decade to be warmer than the previous.Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat and plays a major role in controlling changes to Earth's climate. It occurs naturally and also is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels for energy. Driven by increasing man-made emissions, the level of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere presently is higher than at any time in the last 800,000 years. The carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere was about 285 parts per million in 1880, the first year in the GISS temperature record. By 1960, the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, measured at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, was about 315 parts per million. This measurement peaked last year at more than 400 parts per million.While the world experienced relatively warm temperatures in 2013, the continental United States experienced the 42nd warmest year on record, according to GISS analysis. For some other countries, such as Australia, 2013 was the hottest year on record.The temperature analysis produced at GISS is compiled from weather data from more than 1,000 meteorological stations around the world, satellite observations of sea-surface temperature, and Antarctic research station measurements, taking into account station history and urban heat island effects. Software is used to calculate the difference between surface temperature in a given month and the average temperature for the same place from 1951 to 1980. This three-decade period functions as a baseline for the analysis. It has been 38 years since the recording of a year of cooler than average temperatures.The GISS temperature record is one of several global temperature analyses, along with those produced by the Met Office Hadley Centre in the United Kingdom and NOAA's National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, N.C. These three primary records use slightly different methods, but overall, their trends show close agreement.Additional commentary on the 2013 temperature anomaly is provided by Dr. James Hansen of Columbia University at: http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2014/20140121_Temperature2013.pdfThe GISTEMP analysis website is located at: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ For More InformationSee [GPM web site](http://pmm.nasa.gov/gpm) Related pages

This color-coded map displays a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2012. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies averaged from 2008 through 2012. This visualization shows the same data as above with the corresponding date overlay applied. The final frame and the large still image represent global temperature anomalies averaged from 2008 through 2012. Temperture Difference colorbar This visualization shows the data from 1880 through 2012 without any overlays applied. This is the frame matched date overlay that corresponds to the data. Abbreviated 13 second movie starting from 1950 through 2012 with dates and colorbar applied. Abbreviated 13 second movie which starts in 1950 and runs through 2012 with dates, but no colorbar. Abbreviated 13 second movie that starts with data from 1950 without dates or colorbar. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1890 to 1894. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1900 to 1904. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1900 to 1904. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1910 to 1914. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1920 to 1924. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1930 to 1934. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1940 to 1944. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1950 to 1954. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1960 to 1964. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1970 to 1974. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1980 to 1984. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1990 to 1994. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 2000 to 2004. This frame set is designed to be used on the Science On a Sphere display. It contains the five-year rolling averages that start with (1880 through 1884) and end with (2008 through 2012). This is a presentation of a hyperwall show associated with this animation. This color-coded map displays a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2012. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal temperatures are shown in blue. Global surface temperature in 2012 was +0.55 Related pages

This color-coded map displays a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2011. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies averaged from 2007 to 2011. This visualization shows the same data as above with the corresponding date overlay applied. The final frame and the large still image represent global temperature anomalies averaged from 2007 to 2011. This visualization shows the same data as above with the corresponding date and colorbar overlay applied. Temperature difference colorbar. This frame set and this movie of the five-year global temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2010 are made to be displayed on the Science On a Sphere display. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1890 to 1894. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1900 to 1904. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1910 to 1914. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1920 to 1924. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1930 to 1934. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1940 to 1944. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1950 to 1954. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1960 to 1964. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1970 to 1974. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1980 to 1984. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1990 to 1994. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 2000 to 2004. Global Temperature anomaly data from 1992 through 2011 rendered out at 3840 by 2160 resolution. The global average surface temperature in 2011 was the ninth warmest since 1880.The finding sustains a trend that has seen the 21st century experience nine of the 10 warmest years in the modern meteorological record. NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York released an analysis of how temperatures around the globe in 2011 compared to the average global temperature from the mid-20th century. The comparison shows how Earth continues to experience higher temperatures than several decades ago. The average temperature around the globe in 2011 was 0.92 degrees F (0.51 C) higher than the mid-20th century baseline."We know the planet is absorbing more energy than it is emitting," said GISS director James E. Hansen. "So we are continuing to see a trend toward higher temperatures. Even with the cooling effects of a strong La Ni?a influence and low solar activity for the past several years, 2011 was one of the 10 warmest years on record."The difference between 2011 and the warmest year in the GISS record (2010) is 0.22 degrees F (0.12 C). This underscores the emphasis scientists put on the long-term trend of global temperature rise as opposed to year-to-year variations. Because of the large natural variability of climate, scientists do not expect annual temperatures to rise consistently each year. However, they do expect a continuing temperature rise over decades. The first 11 years of the 21st century experienced notably higher temperatures compared to the middle and late 20th century, Hansen said.For more information on the GISS temperature analysis, visit http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp. Related pages

This data visualization of global temperature differences from 1881 to 2007. Dark blue areas show regions where the temperature was cooler then the average temperature. Red areas show regions where the temperature was warmer then the average. This visualization shows the same data as the above visualization, but it does not annotate the date of the data. Frame Series at 2048 by 1024 for the Science On a Sphere Display Temperature Color bar Print resolution still of global temperature anomalies averaged from 1881 to 1884. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1886 to 1890. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1896 to 1900. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1906 to 1910. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1916 to 1920. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1926 to 1930. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1936 to 1940. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1946 to 1950. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1956 to 1960. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1966 to 1970. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1976 to 1980. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1986 to 1990. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1996 to 2000. Global temperature anomalies averaged from 2003 to 2007. Each year, scientists at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyze global temperature data. A rapid warming trend has occurred over the past 30 years, and the eight hottest years on the GISS record have occurred in the past decade. 2005 is the hottest year on record, and 2007 is tied with 1998 for second place. The Earth is experiencing the warmest level of the current interglacial period, or interval between ice ages, which has lasted nearly 12,000 years. This color-coded map displays a long term progression of changing global surface temperatures, from 1881 to 2007. Dark red indicates the greatest warming and dark blue indicates the greatest cooling. Related pages

Animation of global temperature anomalies from 1881 to 2006 taken as a five-year moving average. Dark blue indicates areas cooler than average. Dark red indicates areas warmer than average. This animation is annotated with the year that ends the five-year time span used in calculating the moving average. Animation of global temperature anomalies from 1881 to 2006 taken as a five-year moving average. Dark blue indicates areas cooler than average. Dark red indicates areas warmer than average. This animation is not annotated. Temperature color bar Print resolution still of global temperature anomalies averaged from 1881 to 1885. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1886 to 1890. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1896 to 1900. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1906 to 1910. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1916 to 1920. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1926 to 1930. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1936 to 1940. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1946 to 1950. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1956 to 1960. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1966 to 1970. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1976 to 1980. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1986 to 1990. Global Temperature Anomalies averaged from 1996 to 2000. Global temperature anomalies averaged from 2002 to 2006. Because of a rapid warming trend over the past 30 years, the Earth is now reaching and passing through the warmest levels seen in the last 12,000 years. This color-coded map shows a progression of changing global surface temperatures from 1881 to 2006, the warmest ranked year on record. For More InformationSee [http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/world_warmth.html](http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/world_warmth.html) Related pages