Historical Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)

  • Released Monday, April 19, 2021
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Visualization of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Anomaly with corresponding timeplot tracking the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) Index over the North Atlantic (0-80N) for the period of 1900-2005.

Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) Smooth Index for the period 1861-2015. The still image is provided with transparency.

Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) Smooth Index for the period 1861-2015. The still image is provided with transparency.


Data Sources:



  • Atlantic Mutlidecadal Oscillation (AMO) Index. The AMO Index is a monthly index of the North Atlantic temperatures from 1856 to present. This data visualization utilized the smoothed, long version of the AMO index. The data is available here: https://psl.noaa.gov/data/timeseries/AMO/



  • Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) v5 (global monthly dataset). Data Citation: Boyin Huang, Peter W. Thorne, Viva F. Banzon, Tim Boyer, Gennady Chepurin, Jay H. Lawrimore, Matthew J. Menne, Thomas M. Smith, Russell S. Vose, and Huai-Min Zhang (2017): NOAA Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST), Version 5. [Subset used: 1854-2020]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi: 10.7289/V5T72FNM. [access date: February 2020].
    For the purposes of this visualization the science team derived Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (from ERSST v5) for the North Atlantic region (0-80N) for the period 1900-2005.

  • Blue Marble: Next Generation was produced by Reto Stöckli, NASA Earth Observatory (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center). Citation: Reto Stöckli, Eric Vermote, Nazmi Saleous, Robert Simmon and David Herring.

    The Blue Marble Next Generation – A true color earth dataset including seasonal dynamics from MODIS    , October 17, 2005.


  • Global 30 Arc-Second Elevation (GTOPO 30) from USGS. doi: 10.5066/F7DF6PQS

The rest of this webpage offers additional versions, frames, layers and colorbar information, associated with the development of this data-driven visualization.

Visualization of historical Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Anomaly for the period 1900-2005. The gray inset highlights the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) region over the North Atlantic with extents 0-80N.

Frames of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Anomaly averaged for the period 1900-2005. The gray inset indicates the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) Region in the North Atlantic, with extents 0-80N. This set of frames serves as a layer and is provided with transparency.

Frames of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Anomaly averaged for the period 1900-2005. The gray inset indicates the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) Region in the North Atlantic, with extents 0-80N. This set of frames serves as a layer and is provided with transparency.

This set of frames provides the dates layer. Frames are provided with transparency.

This set of frames provides the dates layer. Frames are provided with transparency.

This set of frames provides the animated timeplot for the period 1900-2005. The timeplot visualizes the smoothed Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) Index over the region in the North Atlantic with extents 0-80N. Frames include the labels of Cool and Warm Phases to highlight the pattern and duration of events during the period 1900-2005. Frames are provided with transparency.

This set of frames provides the animated timeplot for the period 1900-2005. The timeplot visualizes the smoothed Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) Index over the region in the North Atlantic with extents 0-80N.

Frames include the labels of Cool and Warm Phases to highlight the pattern and duration of events during the period 1900-2005. Frames are provided with transparency.

Title of the visualization sequence. The still image is provided with transparency.

Title of the visualization sequence. The still image is provided with transparency.

Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) Smooth Index for the period 1861-2015. The still image is provided with transparency.

Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) Smooth Index for the period 1861-2015. The still image is provided with transparency.

For More Information

See NASA.gov

Credits

Please give credit for this item to:
NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio

This page was originally published on Monday, April 19, 2021.
This page was last updated on Monday, January 6, 2025 at 12:18 AM EST.

Related papers

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Yuan T, Oreopoulos L, Zelinka M, Yu H, Norris JR, Chin M, Platnick S, Meyer K. Positive low cloud and dust feedbacks amplify tropical North Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Geophysical Research Letters. 2016 Feb 16;43(3):1349-56. doi:10.1002/2016GL067679

Yuan T, Yu H, Chin M, Remer LA, McGee D, Evan A. Anthropogenic Decline of African Dust: Insights From the Holocene Records and Beyond. Geophysical research letters. 2020 Nov 28;47(22):e2020GL089711. doi:10.1029/2020GL089711

Yuan T, Oreopoulos L, Zelinka M, Yu H, Norris JR, Chin M, Platnick S, Meyer K. Positive low cloud and dust feedbacks amplify tropical North Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Geophysical Research Letters. 2016 Feb 16;43(3):1349-56. doi:10.1002/2016GL067679

Datasets used

Note: While we identify the data sets used on this page, we do not store any further details, nor the data sets themselves on our site.