Earth ID: 4977

Darwin Model of Ocean Microbes Updated

Visualizations by Andrew J Christensen Released on April 13, 2022

Left: Older Darwin model of global ocean microbiome showing no drop-off of Prochlorococcus populations in arctic regions.

Right: New Darwin model, updated to show interactions between heterotrophic bacteria and shared grazer, which prevents Prochlorococcus habitat extending poleward.

Research ships traveling from Hawaii into the north Pacific Ocean have measured quantities of tiny organisms in the water called Prochlorococcus using an instrument called SeaFlow. These organisms are phytoplankton that, like plants, turn carbon dioxide into oxygen. Prochlorococcus is both the smallest and most abundant photosynthesizing organism on the planet. Scientists observed a falloff in the quantity of these organisms as the ships moved northward; however, the falloff did not happen where the water cooled as the scientists expected. This was a bit of a mystery. The scientists hypothesized that the drop off was actually due to competition with other tiny organisms like copiotrophic bacteria and their shared predator Paraphysomonas_sp, a type of zooplankton. They coded this hypothesis into an existing computational model of the oceans called Darwin. Sure enough, in the new version of the computational model that included the predator-prey relationship, the drop off occurred in the same place as the real-world measurements. This model can be used to understand how carbon is absorbed from the atmosphere over all of the world's oceans. This demonstrates the power of scientific research that combines observed data and model data.

Visualization Credits

Andrew J Christensen (SSAI): Lead Visualizer
Stephanie Dutkiewicz (Massachusetts Institute of Technology): Scientist
Christopher Follett (Massachusetts Institute of Technology): Scientist
Francois Ribalet (University of Washington): Scientist
Laurence Schuler (ADNET Systems, Inc.): Technical Support
Ian Jones (ADNET Systems, Inc.): Technical Support

Please give credit for this item to:
NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio

Science Paper:
Trophic interactions with heterotrophic bacteria limit the range of Prochlorococcus

Short URL to share this page:
https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4977

Data Used:

ship/SeaFlow/doi10.5281/zenodo.3994953 also referred to as: SeaFlow datasets v1.3

Observed Data - University of Washington

SeaFlow is an underway flow cytometer that provides continuous shipboard observations of the abundance and optical properties of small phytoplankton (<5 μm in equivalent spherical diameter, ESD).

https://seaflow.netlify.app/

Credit:
Annette Hynes, Chris Berthiaume, Francois Ribalet, E Virginia Armbrust

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Darwin

Model - Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The Darwin Project is an initiative to advance the development and application of novel models of marine microbes and microbial communities, identifying the relationships of individuals and communities to their environment, connecting cellular-scale processes to global microbial community structure.

https://darwinproject.mit.edu/

Credit:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Simons Foundation, NSF, NASA

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Note: While we identify the data sets used in these visualizations, we do not store any further details nor the data sets themselves on our site.

Keywords:
GCMD >> Earth Science >> Biosphere >> Microbiota Taxonomy >> Phytoplankton
SVS >> Model Data
SVS >> Hyperwall
NASA Science >> Earth
SVS >> Prochlorococcus

GCMD keywords can be found on the Internet with the following citation: Olsen, L.M., G. Major, K. Shein, J. Scialdone, S. Ritz, T. Stevens, M. Morahan, A. Aleman, R. Vogel, S. Leicester, H. Weir, M. Meaux, S. Grebas, C.Solomon, M. Holland, T. Northcutt, R. A. Restrepo, R. Bilodeau, 2013. NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 8.0.0.0.0