The Solar Dynamo: Plasma Flows

  • Released Tuesday, August 19, 2008
  • Updated Thursday, March 16, 2017 at 2:41PM
  • ID: 3496

In this visualization, we illustrate the fluid flows in the Sun which drive the solar magnetic dynamo. The flows can be considered as a combination of two components, a toroidal component and a meridional component.

The toroidal flow corresponds to the rotational motion of the Sun. In the cut-away view, this motion is represented by the streaking flow vectors. The color code of the cross-section on the right-hand side illustrates the rotational period of this flow. Here we see that flow near the equator (in violet) takes about 24.5 days to make it all the way around the Sun. As we move to higher latitudes, we see that the flow gets steadily slower, increasing the time it takes to go around the Sun to as much as 34 days (in red) near the poles. A non-uniform fluid flow such as this is known as differential rotation. This motion in the interior can be measured at the solar surface through techniques of helioseismology.

Deeper into the Sun, we see the different colors of the outer layers transition to a solid color (olive green). This transition point is called the tachocline. It is the boundary between the outer zone of the Sun where thermal energy is transferred by convection (the convective zone), and the inner region of the Sun where thermal energy is transferred by radiation (the radiative zone). The radiative zone is believed to rotate as a solid body with a period of about 28 days in this model.

The yellow and white center in this model represents the solar radiative zone.

In the cross-section on the left-side, we represent the other component of the flow, called the meridional flow, which moves plasma between the equator and the polar regions.

These flows of solar plasma are used as input data for dynamo modeling (see The Solar Dynamo: Toroidal and Poloidal Fields and The Solar Dynamo: Toroidal and Radial Fields.)

Opening frame of the movie.

Opening frame of the movie.

A view of the Sun with more sunspots.

A view of the Sun with more sunspots.

A first view of the interior plasma flows.  The right-hand cross-section is the toroidal flow.  The left-hand cross section represents the meridional flow.

A first view of the interior plasma flows. The right-hand cross-section is the toroidal flow. The left-hand cross section represents the meridional flow.

This frame is generated to match the frames in the magnetic field models.

This frame is generated to match the frames in the magnetic field models.

This frame is generated to match the frames in the magnetic field models.

This frame is generated to match the frames in the magnetic field models.

This frame is generated to match the frames in the magnetic field models.

This frame is generated to match the frames in the magnetic field models.

This frame is generated to match the frames in the magnetic field models.

This frame is generated to match the frames in the magnetic field models.

This frame is generated to match the frames in the magnetic field models.

This frame is generated to match the frames in the magnetic field models.

Color bar for rotation period

Color bar for rotation period



Credits

Please give credit for this item to:
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio


Papers

This visualization is based on the following papers:

Missions

This visualization is related to the following missions:

Series

This visualization can be found in the following series:

Datasets used in this visualization

SOHO Continuum (Collected with the Michelson Doppler Interferometer (MDI) sensor)
NASA and ESA

Note: While we identify the data sets used in these visualizations, we do not store any further details nor the data sets themselves on our site.



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