Antimatter Explosions

  • Released Tuesday, January 31st, 2012
  • Updated Wednesday, May 3rd, 2023 at 1:53PM
  • ID: 10900

Thunderstorms produce more than just lightning. As these powerful storms roll over Earth, their electric fields can eject a burst of gamma rays known as a terrestrial gamma-ray flash. And now scientists have discovered that these flashes also create the asymmetrical opposite of matter—antimatter. NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope was designed to monitor gamma rays, the highest-energy form of light, in outer space. But it also observes these flashes from thunderstorms. In 2009, Fermi detected gamma rays from a thunderstorm that was located well beyond the horizon from where it could directly observe the storm. So where did the rays come from? When antimatter collides with matter, the particles annihilate and emit gamma rays. This means the gamma rays detected by Fermi could only have come from an antimatter collision with the spacecraft itself, providing the first-ever clue that these Earth-bound storms can send antimatter into space. In the videos below, see a map of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes detected by Fermi and a breakdown of how this explosive, mysterious process unfolds.

A NASA spacecraft discovers antimatter bursts released by thunderstorms.

A NASA spacecraft discovers antimatter bursts released by thunderstorms.

There are some 500 terrestrial gamma-ray flashes daily. The red dots show those Fermi spotted through 2010.

Learn how scientists used Fermi's gamma-ray detector to uncover bursts of antimatter from thunderstorms.

On Dec. 14, 2009, Fermi detected gamma rays created by an antimatter collision with the satellite.

On Dec. 14, 2009, Fermi detected gamma rays created by an antimatter collision with the satellite.

An artist's representation shows how a cloud of electrons and positrons passed over Fermi and caused it to emit gamma rays.

An artist's representation shows how a cloud of electrons and positrons passed over Fermi and caused it to emit gamma rays.

For More Information

See NASA.gov

Credits

Please give credit for this item to:
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center