Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes Create Antimatter
- Visualizations by:
- Walt Feimer
- Written by:
- Francis Reddy
- View full credits
For additional animations showing bremsstrahlung and pair production gamma ray reactions, go here.
For more visualizations showing Fermi's TGF detections, go to#3747, #3748, and #3756.
For animations of the Fermi spacecraft and matter/antimatter, go to#10707 and #10651.
TGFs produce high-energy electrons and positrons. Moving near the speed of light, these particles travel into space along Earth's magnetic field.
Watch this video on the NASAexplorer YouTube channel.
For complete transcript, click here.
Interactions with matter can produce gamma rays and vice versa. So-called "bremsstrahlung" gamma rays result when high-energy electrons traveling close to the speed of light become deflected by passing near an atom or molecule. In pair production, a gamma ray passing through the electron shell of an atom transforms into two particles: an electron and its antimatter opposite, a positron.

On Dec. 14, 2009, while NASA's Fermi flew over Egypt, the spacecraft intercepted a particle beam from a terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF) that occurred over its horizon. Fermi's Gamma-ray Burst Monitor detected the signal of positrons annihilating on the spacecraft — not once, but twice. After passing Fermi, some of the particles reflected off of a magnetic "mirror" point and returned.

On Dec. 14, 2009, while NASA's Fermi flew over Egypt, the spacecraft intercepted a particle beam from a terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF) that occurred over its horizon. Fermi's Gamma-ray Burst Monitor detected the signal of positrons annihilating on the spacecraft — not once, but twice. After passing Fermi, some of the particles reflected off of a magnetic "mirror" point and returned. No Labels.

Map of all terrestrial gamma-ray flashes detected by Fermi's Gamma-ray Burst Monitor through the end of 2010.
For animated version, go here,

This image from the Meteosat 9 weather satellite was taken on Dec. 14, 2009, about 7 minutes after Fermi detected positrons from a TGF. No storms are present over Egypt, where Fermi was located at the time of the event, but thunderstorms are plentiful over Zambia.
Credit: SSEC/Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison
For More Information
See http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/news/fermi-thunderstorms.html
Credits
Please give credit for this item to:
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. However, each image should be credited as indicated above.
Animators
- Walt Feimer (KBRwyle) [Lead]
- Chris Meaney (KBRwyle)
- Joseph Dwyer (FIT)
- Scott Wiessinger (KBRwyle)
Visualizers
- Francis Reddy (University of Maryland College Park)
- Tom Bridgman (GST)
Graphics
- Francis Reddy (University of Maryland College Park)
Science writer
- Francis Reddy (University of Maryland College Park) [Lead]
Writer
- Scott Wiessinger (KBRwyle)
Video editor
- Scott Wiessinger (KBRwyle)
Producer
- Scott Wiessinger (KBRwyle)
Narrator
- Karen Fox (ADNET)
Papers
This visualization is based on the following papers:Missions
This visualization is related to the following missions:Series
This visualization can be found in the following series:Tapes
This visualization originally appeared on the following tapes:- None
Datasets used in this visualization
Note: While we identify the data sets used in these visualizations, we do not store any further details nor the data sets themselves on our site.