WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:01.666 (music throughout) 2 00:00:15.566 --> 00:00:17.233 Hi, I'm Doctor Marie Henderson, 3 00:00:17.233 --> 00:00:20.533 a planetary scientist at Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland. 4 00:00:21.066 --> 00:00:22.100 I love the moon. 5 00:00:22.100 --> 00:00:24.466 And so I became a planetary scientist. 6 00:00:24.466 --> 00:00:27.400 Study lunar volcanism and planetary imaging. 7 00:00:27.400 --> 00:00:30.333 In addition to that, I trained astronauts in lunar geology 8 00:00:30.333 --> 00:00:33.333 as one of the scientists on NASA's Artemis two mission. 9 00:00:33.366 --> 00:00:36.700 The mission is due to launch early next year, and it will be the first Artemis 10 00:00:36.766 --> 00:00:40.600 flight to the moon and back with four astronauts on board. 11 00:00:40.800 --> 00:00:44.333 Our science team will support them from Earth in real time as they make 12 00:00:44.333 --> 00:00:49.366 geological observations from the Orion capsule with both their eyes and cameras. 13 00:00:49.500 --> 00:00:51.366 You'll learn more about the Artemis two mission 14 00:00:51.366 --> 00:00:54.500 in the coming months, but for now, I want to invite you to join me, 15 00:00:54.866 --> 00:00:57.733 NASA and explorers around the globe and looking up 16 00:00:57.733 --> 00:01:00.733 and appreciating our near celestial neighbor, the moon. 17 00:01:00.933 --> 00:01:04.466 As part of NASA's annual international Observe the Moon Night. 18 00:01:04.466 --> 00:01:06.700 enjoy the upcoming show where you'll learn more 19 00:01:06.700 --> 00:01:10.100 about the moon and NASA's lunar science and exploration plans. 20 00:01:13.366 --> 00:01:14.533 I'm Reid Wiseman. 21 00:01:14.533 --> 00:01:15.500 And I'm Victor Glover. 22 00:01:15.500 --> 00:01:18.500 And this is how we pilot the Orion spacecraft. 23 00:01:21.533 --> 00:01:24.766 What are the differences between piloting an airplane and a spacecraft? 24 00:01:24.800 --> 00:01:26.766 I think the thing that I first think about 25 00:01:26.766 --> 00:01:29.766 is on a spacecraft, it's really all about attitude. 26 00:01:29.800 --> 00:01:33.133 It's really not about thrust and getting the airplanes flying faster. 27 00:01:33.133 --> 00:01:37.266 And the spacecraft is already going almost 38, 39 times the speed of sound. 28 00:01:37.266 --> 00:01:39.900 So we're really controlling the attitude. Where are we pointing? 29 00:01:39.900 --> 00:01:43.500 Where are we looking at out the windows, where our antenna is pointing? 30 00:01:43.800 --> 00:01:47.933 The software is the primary flyer of the spacecraft. 31 00:01:47.966 --> 00:01:51.700 I think that's the biggest difference, especially for a, you know, a pilot coming 32 00:01:51.700 --> 00:01:55.733 into this who wants to get on the hand controllers and, and put the aircraft 33 00:01:55.733 --> 00:01:58.833 or the spacecraft in its proper attitude in aircraft. 34 00:01:58.966 --> 00:02:01.800 The software is really helping the pilot. 35 00:02:01.800 --> 00:02:05.033 And I think now it's almost like we are helping the software. 36 00:02:06.500 --> 00:02:08.066 So a couple of the things we're going to do on Artemis 37 00:02:08.066 --> 00:02:12.100 two right after liftoff, we are going to detach the Orion 38 00:02:12.300 --> 00:02:16.833 spacecraft and service module from the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion stage, 39 00:02:16.833 --> 00:02:19.833 which is just a lot of words for our upper stage. 40 00:02:19.866 --> 00:02:20.433 During that, 41 00:02:20.433 --> 00:02:23.500 Victor will be physically flying with a rotational hand controller, 42 00:02:23.533 --> 00:02:27.566 the translational hand controller, and doing station keeping on this upper stage. 43 00:02:27.733 --> 00:02:32.600 This phase of the testing will be to simulate the flying that we would do 44 00:02:32.600 --> 00:02:37.133 if we were docking to another spacecraft, like our lander, or to our gateway. 45 00:02:38.433 --> 00:02:40.800 I think we should show you how we actually control the vehicle. 46 00:02:40.800 --> 00:02:41.733 So we've been using 47 00:02:41.733 --> 00:02:44.633 terms like rotational hand controller, rotational hand controller. 48 00:02:44.633 --> 00:02:48.733 We say RHC for short and translational hang controller, THC for short. 49 00:02:49.233 --> 00:02:51.200 In an aircraft you would have a stick in a throttle, 50 00:02:51.200 --> 00:02:54.633 but it's the things that you put your hands on to control the spacecraft. 51 00:02:55.133 --> 00:02:57.233 We will pitch, roll and yaw. 52 00:02:57.233 --> 00:02:59.466 Those are the three axes and each direction. 53 00:02:59.466 --> 00:03:02.400 And then we will also go up, down, left, right, in and out. 54 00:03:02.400 --> 00:03:06.300 And we will assess how precisely that we can control the spacecraft. 55 00:03:09.800 --> 00:03:10.433 But we mentioned 56 00:03:10.433 --> 00:03:14.033 earlier that the main controller of the spacecraft is software. 57 00:03:14.300 --> 00:03:16.466 And so the main way that we interact with 58 00:03:16.466 --> 00:03:20.400 the spacecraft is our cursor control device. 59 00:03:20.400 --> 00:03:21.866 Your another favorite. 60 00:03:21.866 --> 00:03:24.300 I know you love CCD. This thing. 61 00:03:24.300 --> 00:03:26.500 It looks awkward. It looks weird. 62 00:03:26.500 --> 00:03:29.633 But when you get to use it, it is actually a genius piece of gear. 63 00:03:29.633 --> 00:03:31.300 And I know it is your favorite. 64 00:03:31.300 --> 00:03:31.766 Oh it is. 65 00:03:31.766 --> 00:03:34.766 This is our primary way to interact with the spacecraft. 66 00:03:34.933 --> 00:03:37.933 And so what it does is it allows us to determine 67 00:03:37.933 --> 00:03:39.433 where we put our focus on the display. 68 00:03:39.433 --> 00:03:42.433 So I can move the cursor to a certain display. 69 00:03:42.433 --> 00:03:46.333 And then I can move the cursor around to interact with certain fields of data. 70 00:03:46.866 --> 00:03:50.400 And it's one of the primary controllers, because there are going to be times 71 00:03:50.400 --> 00:03:54.133 when we're under 4G, 8G, maybe even, 72 00:03:54.733 --> 00:03:57.533 and we won't be able to lift up our hands and push the buttons on the display. 73 00:03:57.533 --> 00:03:59.933 So this is exactly how we will do it. 74 00:03:59.933 --> 00:04:04.033 There is far more information on these displays than we will need to 75 00:04:04.166 --> 00:04:07.466 to fly this spacecraft normally, but if a system goes off, 76 00:04:07.466 --> 00:04:08.766 if something goes wrong, 77 00:04:08.766 --> 00:04:13.300 we can dig down into the lowest levels of the computer of all the systems here, 78 00:04:13.300 --> 00:04:15.200 and we can take a look to see what's failed. 79 00:04:15.200 --> 00:04:17.200 Talk to Mission Control in Houston. 80 00:04:17.200 --> 00:04:21.500 And then right next to the displays you see switches and toggles and dials. 81 00:04:21.733 --> 00:04:24.900 And so we call those switch interface panels or SIP panels. 82 00:04:25.233 --> 00:04:28.366 If the rotational and translational hand controllers didn't work, 83 00:04:28.366 --> 00:04:30.766 we also have a backup to a set of switches. 84 00:04:32.333 --> 00:04:35.566 Hi, my name is Jeff Samarra and I work for Lockheed Martin. 85 00:04:35.700 --> 00:04:39.300 We're here in the Exploration Development Laboratory, where we do integrated 86 00:04:39.300 --> 00:04:43.533 testing and verification and GNC fights software for the Artemis program. 87 00:04:44.233 --> 00:04:47.533 GNC stands for guidance, Navigation and Control. 88 00:04:48.133 --> 00:04:51.133 Guidance is basically where do we want to go? 89 00:04:51.266 --> 00:04:54.200 Nav is where are we controls? 90 00:04:54.200 --> 00:04:56.900 How do we get where we are, where we want to be? 91 00:04:56.900 --> 00:05:00.900 This is the software that interfaces with both the translational 92 00:05:00.900 --> 00:05:03.900 and rotational hand controls. 93 00:05:06.166 --> 00:05:06.600 We call 94 00:05:06.600 --> 00:05:09.600 this whole stack up the crew and service module or the CSM. 95 00:05:09.800 --> 00:05:13.166 That is the crew module, the capsule, the spacecraft Orion, 96 00:05:13.400 --> 00:05:17.666 and then the service module made by our partners ESA and Airbus in Europe. 97 00:05:18.000 --> 00:05:22.400 And so this is where the thrusters that will maneuver us on the service module. 98 00:05:24.566 --> 00:05:26.266 My name is Hashid Amikan 99 00:05:26.266 --> 00:05:30.266 I am the lead of assembly integration test team of Airbus. 100 00:05:30.433 --> 00:05:33.766 And we built the European service module in Germany. 101 00:05:34.733 --> 00:05:38.433 When the astronaut gives the command to go in any direction. 102 00:05:38.666 --> 00:05:42.166 The software is steering every thrusters as needed. 103 00:05:42.333 --> 00:05:46.000 So it's a balance or a dance between the different engines. 104 00:05:46.300 --> 00:05:49.833 So if you provide thrust on one side, you have to counteract. 105 00:05:49.833 --> 00:05:52.066 And on the other side, 106 00:05:52.066 --> 00:05:54.466 every time you touch the translational hand 107 00:05:54.466 --> 00:05:57.500 controller or the rotational hand controller, those thrusters fire. 108 00:05:57.500 --> 00:05:59.066 And those thrusters are right near us. 109 00:05:59.066 --> 00:06:01.900 And you can hear a bang and it's like, bang, bang, bang, bang. 110 00:06:01.900 --> 00:06:03.866 As you're flying this thing around, you hear it and feel it. 111 00:06:03.866 --> 00:06:07.166 And even though it's quite well shielded and that we're in suits and other 112 00:06:07.166 --> 00:06:10.366 things, you're still going to hear and feel those thrusters when they fire. 113 00:06:10.400 --> 00:06:11.400 It's pretty neat. 114 00:06:11.400 --> 00:06:15.000 I cannot wait until one of us takes controls and just steers 115 00:06:15.000 --> 00:06:17.066 this thing around and looks out at the earth. 116 00:06:17.066 --> 00:06:20.833 We'll be farther from the earth than human beings have been in a very long time. 117 00:06:22.033 --> 00:06:25.033 Let's go, let's go. 118 00:06:33.166 --> 00:06:35.233 And liftoff of Artemis one. 119 00:06:35.233 --> 00:06:37.966 We rise together back to the moon 120 00:06:37.966 --> 00:06:40.966 and beyond. 121 00:07:00.466 --> 00:07:02.100 I'm not used to talking about trees. 122 00:07:02.100 --> 00:07:03.933 Like rocks. 123 00:07:03.933 --> 00:07:08.466 Easier seeds represent the most optimistic of our species. 124 00:07:08.500 --> 00:07:09.900 Given our reliance on wood 125 00:07:09.900 --> 00:07:13.800 from raw material for a home to a baseball bat and now spacecraft. 126 00:07:13.833 --> 00:07:16.833 Planting a seedling is an investment in our future. 127 00:07:16.833 --> 00:07:20.300 The tree may not bring you fruit, but it will bring future generations of fruit. 128 00:07:21.200 --> 00:07:22.066 In 1962. 129 00:07:22.066 --> 00:07:25.600 President Kennedy said these words we meet in an hour of change and challenge 130 00:07:25.600 --> 00:07:29.066 and a decade of hope and fear and an age of both knowledge and ignorance. 131 00:07:29.133 --> 00:07:33.000 The greater of our knowledge increases, the greater of our ignorance unfolds. 132 00:07:33.766 --> 00:07:36.466 Artemis one continued in the grand tradition of what Artemis 133 00:07:36.466 --> 00:07:39.633 two astronaut Victor Glover suggested during his visit to Goddard. 134 00:07:39.666 --> 00:07:41.266 As vessels of humanity, 135 00:07:41.266 --> 00:07:45.000 that we take our culture with us into the cosmos, that we should choose 136 00:07:45.000 --> 00:07:48.000 to take seeds and plant them for future generations to enjoy. 137 00:07:48.133 --> 00:07:50.133 To remind us, earthbound explorers, that 138 00:07:50.133 --> 00:07:53.666 despite the problems we face here, we remain connected to our future in space. 139 00:07:54.133 --> 00:07:57.033 I'm hopeful that our all of our shared work on Artemis 140 00:07:57.033 --> 00:08:00.166 missions will bring similar fruit to future generations. 141 00:08:12.366 --> 00:08:14.866 Hi, I'm NASA astronaut Tracy Dyson, 142 00:08:14.866 --> 00:08:19.400 orbiting 260 miles above the Earth aboard the International Space Station. 143 00:08:20.100 --> 00:08:24.533 Tonight is time to come together to appreciate and observe our shared moon. 144 00:08:25.100 --> 00:08:28.066 We are blessed on the ISS to be able to observe the moon 145 00:08:28.066 --> 00:08:31.333 from space being situated over the Earth's atmosphere. 146 00:08:31.600 --> 00:08:33.700 It's quite a sight to behold. 147 00:08:33.700 --> 00:08:37.866 The effect of the moon is most dramatic for us over large bodies of water. 148 00:08:38.333 --> 00:08:41.766 When the moon is full, it illuminates the whole surface of the earth 149 00:08:41.766 --> 00:08:44.766 and the ocean glistens with a beautiful soft glow. 150 00:08:45.266 --> 00:08:46.933 Contrast that with the new moon, 151 00:08:46.933 --> 00:08:49.966 and the oceans are as black as a starless universe. 152 00:08:50.433 --> 00:08:52.466 It's almost as if the Earth disappears. 153 00:08:52.466 --> 00:08:53.900 It's crazy. 154 00:08:53.900 --> 00:08:57.266 Wherever the moon is in its face, when spotted, you can hear 155 00:08:57.266 --> 00:09:00.266 someone say from the cupola, come look at this moon. 156 00:09:00.700 --> 00:09:04.266 So my crewmates and I are excited to contribute to work that is stepping 157 00:09:04.266 --> 00:09:07.800 stone toward NASA's return to the moon through the Artemis program. 158 00:09:08.100 --> 00:09:10.233 Stay curious and keep looking up. 159 00:11:28.200 --> 00:11:28.633 Three. 160 00:11:28.633 --> 00:11:31.633 Two. One. 161 00:11:51.366 --> 00:11:53.433 Every year, 162 00:11:53.433 --> 00:11:56.233 at the end of October 163 00:11:56.233 --> 00:11:58.400 there is a very special night in Spain 164 00:11:58.400 --> 00:12:04.300 It's a night when dozens of astronomical associations take their telescopes out onto the streets. 165 00:12:04.300 --> 00:12:06.666 We are talking about the Night of the Moon 166 00:12:06.666 --> 00:12:10.033 When, together, they all share their passion for the heavens 167 00:12:12.733 --> 00:12:17.500 People approach the telescopes, intrigued, curious. 168 00:12:17.900 --> 00:12:20.900 Is it here? 169 00:12:24.633 --> 00:12:27.733 Goodness, how cool! 170 00:12:33.033 --> 00:12:35.466 My goodness, what a blast, huh? 171 00:12:35.466 --> 00:12:38.466 Wow! 172 00:12:43.333 --> 00:12:45.266 Oh, how cool! 173 00:12:47.066 --> 00:12:48.300 How handsome! 174 00:12:48.300 --> 00:12:51.166 Wow, it looks perfect! It's amazing! 175 00:12:51.733 --> 00:12:53.000 Almost as if I were there! 176 00:12:53.600 --> 00:12:55.266 Man, it looks super cool! 177 00:12:57.500 --> 00:12:58.833 Cool! 178 00:13:01.166 --> 00:13:02.100 It’s super cool! 179 00:13:02.100 --> 00:13:04.266 Those are the craters of the Moon. Oh, really? 180 00:13:07.666 --> 00:13:09.500 Wow, what a blast! 181 00:13:10.066 --> 00:13:12.566 Wow, how cool! 182 00:13:12.866 --> 00:13:15.566 Look! Look! Look what the Moon looks like! 183 00:13:16.666 --> 00:13:19.600 Wow, how cool! 184 00:13:19.600 --> 00:13:22.766 Can you see the craters on the Moon? 185 00:13:23.333 --> 00:13:26.333 It's gorgeous! 186 00:13:28.300 --> 00:13:29.900 Amazing, huh?! 187 00:13:33.700 --> 00:13:35.366 How cool! 188 00:13:39.966 --> 00:13:41.100 Stand here 189 00:13:41.466 --> 00:13:43.600 Look over here. Wait wait. 190 00:13:44.466 --> 00:13:46.466 Look over there. Like this, with one eye. 191 00:13:48.133 --> 00:13:49.400 What do you see? 192 00:13:49.400 --> 00:13:50.333 The Moon 193 00:13:50.333 --> 00:13:51.166 The Moon, yeah? 194 00:14:08.066 --> 00:14:09.500 In prehistoric times 195 00:14:10.100 --> 00:14:15.633 we humans established a very close relationship with the sky. 196 00:14:16.200 --> 00:14:18.800 For hundreds of thousands of years, 197 00:14:18.800 --> 00:14:21.466 when we had not yet invented writing, 198 00:14:21.466 --> 00:14:23.700 the calendar or the compass, 199 00:14:24.233 --> 00:14:27.600 reading the sky allowed us to locate ourselves in space and time. 200 00:14:29.766 --> 00:14:32.333 Knowing the sky was simply a matter of survival. 201 00:14:33.800 --> 00:14:36.800 We have lost this close relationship we had with heavens. 202 00:14:38.733 --> 00:14:42.533 And yet, looking at it, understanding it and studying it, 203 00:14:43.866 --> 00:14:45.833 continues to move and touch us. 204 00:14:46.933 --> 00:14:48.800 Man, what a blast! 205 00:14:49.566 --> 00:14:52.566 It just doesn't seem real. 206 00:14:58.166 --> 00:15:01.166 Hi, I'm Zena from the German Aerospace Center in Cologne, 207 00:15:01.200 --> 00:15:04.433 and my favorite way to observe the moon is from my balcony. 208 00:15:09.966 --> 00:15:13.400 In 2009, NASA launched the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, 209 00:15:13.800 --> 00:15:16.566 a bold mission to map our moon in such detail 210 00:15:16.566 --> 00:15:19.833 that future crewed and robotic missions could not only land safely, 211 00:15:20.200 --> 00:15:22.800 but also go to scientifically important locations. 212 00:15:24.033 --> 00:15:25.833 With the start of the Artemis missions. 213 00:15:25.833 --> 00:15:30.066 The future is now as NASA prepares to send humans to the lunar south pole. 214 00:15:30.666 --> 00:15:31.500 This region is of 215 00:15:31.500 --> 00:15:35.333 particular scientific interest because it features areas of extended sun. 216 00:15:35.333 --> 00:15:39.666 That illumination and permanent shadow is known to contain resources like water, 217 00:15:40.166 --> 00:15:43.733 and sits on the rim of the oldest impact crater in the Earth-Moon system. 218 00:15:44.633 --> 00:15:48.133 Over the years, LRO, a suite of scientific instruments, has delivered 219 00:15:48.133 --> 00:15:51.933 his promised, giving us incredible new views and data on this terrain, 220 00:15:52.433 --> 00:15:55.433 helping us build a roadmap for exploration. 221 00:15:55.500 --> 00:15:58.700 So follow this series as we take a look at how the LRO mission 222 00:15:58.700 --> 00:16:01.700 is laying the groundwork for Artemis science. 223 00:16:06.766 --> 00:16:07.900 One of the instruments on 224 00:16:07.900 --> 00:16:11.366 LRO is the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter, or Lola. 225 00:16:12.066 --> 00:16:15.066 It provides topographic data on the lunar surface, 226 00:16:15.200 --> 00:16:19.600 revealing slopes and surface roughness, helping us create models of lunar gravity 227 00:16:19.600 --> 00:16:23.400 and surface brightness, as well as high resolution 3D maps of the moon. 228 00:16:25.966 --> 00:16:28.900 In this visualization, the colors correspond to different 229 00:16:28.900 --> 00:16:32.300 elevations found amongst the craters and mountains of the South Pole region. 230 00:16:34.433 --> 00:16:38.066 Having accurate elevation data is essential for landing site selection. 231 00:16:38.333 --> 00:16:39.933 Surface navigation. 232 00:16:39.933 --> 00:16:42.766 Identifying areas where resources can be found 233 00:16:42.766 --> 00:16:45.766 and planning the design of future lunar infrastructure. 234 00:16:46.633 --> 00:16:49.233 In addition, studying the elevation and topography 235 00:16:49.233 --> 00:16:51.433 of the moon contributes to scientific research 236 00:16:51.433 --> 00:16:55.866 about its geological history, formation processes, and ongoing changes. 237 00:16:56.400 --> 00:16:58.233 By analyzing elevation data. 238 00:16:58.233 --> 00:17:02.100 Scientists can learn more about the moon's past volcanic activity, impact 239 00:17:02.100 --> 00:17:05.100 history, and tectonic processes. 240 00:17:06.966 --> 00:17:07.466 The global 241 00:17:07.466 --> 00:17:10.766 terrain mapping by Lola also makes it possible to simulate 242 00:17:10.766 --> 00:17:14.466 sunlight and shadow on the moon at any date, in the past or future. 243 00:17:15.200 --> 00:17:19.833 Here we see a visualization of the region in 2028, depicting the changes 244 00:17:19.833 --> 00:17:22.833 in shadowing in two hour intervals over the course of the year. 245 00:17:23.533 --> 00:17:27.066 This information is vital to Artemus for planning exploration endeavors, 246 00:17:27.300 --> 00:17:30.466 since the low sun angles and terrain of the South Pole produce 247 00:17:30.466 --> 00:17:32.433 a uniquely challenging lighting environment. 248 00:17:33.766 --> 00:17:35.533 In the years since LRO was launched, 249 00:17:35.533 --> 00:17:38.433 there have been over 60,000 orbits of the spacecraft 250 00:17:38.433 --> 00:17:41.400 and 10 billion laser shots at the lunar surface, 251 00:17:41.400 --> 00:17:44.800 making those data a vital resource for both human and robotic 252 00:17:44.800 --> 00:17:47.866 explorers that arrive at the South Pole in the coming years. 253 00:17:48.933 --> 00:17:51.733 It's one piece in how LRO is helping NASA usher 254 00:17:51.733 --> 00:17:54.733 in a new generation of lunar science. 255 00:17:58.200 --> 00:17:59.366 And I'm David. 256 00:18:03.266 --> 00:18:07.533 Here we are in Melbourne and we like to observe the moon 257 00:18:07.533 --> 00:18:10.533 reflecting off the Yarra River in Melbourne. 258 00:18:12.333 --> 00:18:13.766 NASA's Artemis two 259 00:18:13.766 --> 00:18:17.266 is the first crewed lunar mission in over 50 years 260 00:18:17.733 --> 00:18:21.266 for astronauts will venture around the moon, preparing humanity 261 00:18:21.266 --> 00:18:25.766 for a long term lunar presence for scientific discovery and exploration. 262 00:18:28.666 --> 00:18:30.700 The ten day test flight will demonstrate 263 00:18:30.700 --> 00:18:34.100 a range of deep space exploration capabilities with crew. 264 00:18:34.666 --> 00:18:38.900 The mission will prove the Orion spacecraft is ready to keep astronauts 265 00:18:38.900 --> 00:18:42.900 alive in deep space, and allow the crew and ground teams 266 00:18:42.900 --> 00:18:46.400 to practice operations essential to the success of future 267 00:18:46.400 --> 00:18:49.400 missions. 268 00:18:50.300 --> 00:18:51.800 On launch day, the Artemis 269 00:18:51.800 --> 00:18:56.200 two crew suits up, undergoes final checks and rides, and the crew transportation 270 00:18:56.200 --> 00:19:00.266 vehicles to launch pad 39 B at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. 271 00:19:01.700 --> 00:19:05.366 Stacked on the mobile launcher, NASA's 322ft tall 272 00:19:05.500 --> 00:19:09.900 cells, or Space Launch System rocket with the Orion spacecraft awaits the crew 273 00:19:10.133 --> 00:19:12.966 having made its four mile journey from the Vehicle Assembly 274 00:19:12.966 --> 00:19:15.966 Building on the crawler transporter to the pad. 275 00:19:16.833 --> 00:19:18.600 The launch team fills the SLS 276 00:19:18.600 --> 00:19:22.366 propellant tanks with over 700.000 gallons of liquid oxygen 277 00:19:22.366 --> 00:19:26.500 and liquid hydrogen and verifies guidance, communications, and avionics. 278 00:19:27.100 --> 00:19:30.900 At 12 seconds before liftoff, the hydrogen burn off Igniters fire. 279 00:19:31.233 --> 00:19:35.200 About six seconds later, the rocket's four Rs 25 engines ignite. 280 00:19:35.766 --> 00:19:37.266 When the countdown reaches zero. 281 00:19:37.266 --> 00:19:38.566 The umbilical retract, 282 00:19:38.566 --> 00:19:42.433 giving SLS and the crew in Orion the clearance to begin the journey. 283 00:19:47.300 --> 00:19:50.400 The 6 million pound moon rocket produces 8.8 284 00:19:50.400 --> 00:19:53.433 million pounds of thrust to accelerate toward space. 285 00:19:54.466 --> 00:19:59.266 75% of this power comes from the 217 story solid rocket boosters, 286 00:19:59.533 --> 00:20:02.666 each producing 3.6 million pounds of thrust. 287 00:20:07.966 --> 00:20:10.433 About two minutes when the boosters are released, 288 00:20:10.433 --> 00:20:14.633 their solid propellant consumed the core stage and its Rs 25 289 00:20:14.633 --> 00:20:18.300 engines continue to propel Orion and the crew to space. 290 00:20:21.866 --> 00:20:24.533 After three minutes, the protective fairings surrounding 291 00:20:24.533 --> 00:20:28.100 Orion's service module are ejected, exposing its solar arrays. 292 00:20:28.866 --> 00:20:32.366 Six seconds later, the launch abort system is ejected from Orion. 293 00:20:32.666 --> 00:20:35.766 The crew has safely reached Earth orbit, though they could still abort 294 00:20:35.800 --> 00:20:38.800 using service module engines. 295 00:20:39.933 --> 00:20:43.700 About eight minutes after launch, the SLS core stage engines shut down 296 00:20:43.700 --> 00:20:46.700 and the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage, or ICPS 297 00:20:46.700 --> 00:20:49.600 and Orion separate from the core stage. 298 00:20:49.600 --> 00:20:52.766 Orion and the ICPS are now flying free. 299 00:21:01.366 --> 00:21:04.166 Orion's four solar arrays deploy, powering 300 00:21:04.166 --> 00:21:07.766 the spacecraft and charging its batteries for when it moves out of direct sunlight 301 00:21:07.766 --> 00:21:10.766 during the journey to the moon and back. 302 00:21:13.500 --> 00:21:17.200 After a 90 minute orbit, the engine of the rocket's upper stage 303 00:21:17.200 --> 00:21:20.900 or ICPS, ignites to raise Orion to a high Earth orbit. 304 00:21:22.133 --> 00:21:24.000 The Artemis two crew and mission control 305 00:21:24.000 --> 00:21:27.400 in Houston then began a nearly 24 hour systems check. 306 00:21:27.566 --> 00:21:31.866 While the astronauts are still relatively close to Earth, familiarizing themselves 307 00:21:31.866 --> 00:21:34.866 with their new home for the next several days. 308 00:21:48.633 --> 00:21:49.366 Once in high 309 00:21:49.366 --> 00:21:52.366 Earth orbit, Orion separates from the upper stage. 310 00:21:52.533 --> 00:21:57.766 The expended ICPS and Orion stage adapter serve as a target for a manual handling 311 00:21:57.766 --> 00:22:00.900 test called the Proximity Operations Demonstration. 312 00:22:01.333 --> 00:22:02.200 Preparing future 313 00:22:02.200 --> 00:22:06.033 crews for rendezvous, docking, and undocking with other spacecraft. 314 00:22:07.733 --> 00:22:09.466 During the demonstration, Artemis 315 00:22:09.466 --> 00:22:12.833 two astronauts use cameras and line of sight through Orion's windows 316 00:22:12.833 --> 00:22:15.833 to pilot the spacecraft as they approach and back away. 317 00:22:16.000 --> 00:22:19.366 Assessing Orion's handling qualities, hardware and software. 318 00:22:25.366 --> 00:22:25.800 Following 319 00:22:25.800 --> 00:22:29.333 the demonstration, spacecraft data is collected to verify system 320 00:22:29.333 --> 00:22:32.866 performance, such as life support, communications, and navigation, 321 00:22:33.133 --> 00:22:36.133 ensuring Orion and the crew are ready for the voyage ahead. 322 00:22:43.166 --> 00:22:46.533 About 23 hours later, Orion's service module performs 323 00:22:46.533 --> 00:22:50.966 the Trans Lunar Injection Burn, or TLI, pushing Orion out of Earth orbit 324 00:22:50.966 --> 00:22:53.966 and on an approximately four day trip to the moon. 325 00:22:54.266 --> 00:22:56.900 Ultimately, the crew's figure eight flight path extends 326 00:22:56.900 --> 00:22:59.900 more than 230,000 miles from Earth. 327 00:23:01.233 --> 00:23:04.900 During the trip, the astronauts continue to evaluate the spacecraft's systems 328 00:23:04.900 --> 00:23:07.900 and practice emergency procedures like testing the radiation 329 00:23:07.900 --> 00:23:10.900 shelter. 330 00:23:12.966 --> 00:23:13.466 The Artemis 331 00:23:13.466 --> 00:23:16.900 two crew travels about 4600 miles beyond the moon, 332 00:23:17.066 --> 00:23:21.666 becoming the first humans to lay eyes on the lunar far side in over 50 years. 333 00:23:22.066 --> 00:23:25.700 Their observations will help us prepare for future missions at the moon. 334 00:23:26.566 --> 00:23:29.500 During this period, there will be an anticipated communication 335 00:23:29.500 --> 00:23:32.500 blackout between mission control and the spacecraft 336 00:23:33.300 --> 00:23:35.900 as the crew returns from the far side of the moon. 337 00:23:35.900 --> 00:23:39.033 Orion is drawn home by Earth's gravity in a free return 338 00:23:39.033 --> 00:23:42.166 trajectory, ensuring a fuel efficient four day trip. 339 00:23:53.866 --> 00:23:55.533 Before entering the atmosphere. 340 00:23:55.533 --> 00:23:58.533 Orion's crew module separates from the service module. 341 00:24:00.433 --> 00:24:03.466 12 thrusters ensure Orion is properly oriented 342 00:24:03.466 --> 00:24:06.766 at an altitude of about 75 miles from Earth's surface. 343 00:24:13.700 --> 00:24:16.800 Orion and the crew enter Earth's atmosphere at a speed of nearly 344 00:24:16.800 --> 00:24:22.166 25.000mph. decelerating at a rate up to four times the force of gravity. 345 00:24:22.300 --> 00:24:25.300 The crew will feel four times heavier than they do on Earth. 346 00:24:25.866 --> 00:24:28.500 Orion's heat shield protects the spacecraft from temperatures 347 00:24:28.500 --> 00:24:31.700 of about 5000°F, about half as hot 348 00:24:31.700 --> 00:24:34.700 as the surface of the sun. 349 00:24:35.666 --> 00:24:36.933 To slow its descent, 350 00:24:36.933 --> 00:24:40.600 Orion begins a precise deployment sequence of 11 parachutes. 351 00:24:41.033 --> 00:24:43.733 Three forward bay cover parachutes first separate 352 00:24:43.733 --> 00:24:46.733 the protective thermal cover that sits over the ship's 353 00:24:48.000 --> 00:24:51.666 two drogues, slow and stabilized the crew module, then cut free. 354 00:24:52.133 --> 00:24:54.833 Three pilot chutes lift the three main parachutes, 355 00:24:54.833 --> 00:24:59.433 deployed at an altitude of 9000ft and traveling 130mph. 356 00:24:59.900 --> 00:25:04.233 These should slow the crew module to a speed of less than 20mph. 357 00:25:06.400 --> 00:25:07.666 After traveling more than 358 00:25:07.666 --> 00:25:11.566 595.000 nautical miles. Orion splashes 359 00:25:11.566 --> 00:25:15.266 down in the Pacific Ocean, about 50 nautical miles from the California coast. 360 00:25:15.433 --> 00:25:20.100 Just 16 minutes after entering Earth's atmosphere after splashdown, 361 00:25:20.100 --> 00:25:24.733 a recovery team that includes the US Navy, Air Force and NASA approaches Orion. 362 00:25:25.033 --> 00:25:26.633 The team ensures it's safe for the crew 363 00:25:26.633 --> 00:25:30.566 to exit before divers help the astronauts onto an inflatable front porch, 364 00:25:30.800 --> 00:25:33.800 hoist them into helicopters and fly to the recovery ship. 365 00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:38.500 Orion is towed into the ship for its return to Kennedy Space Center. 366 00:25:38.833 --> 00:25:41.366 Their mission complete, the crew is flown back to land 367 00:25:41.366 --> 00:25:44.533 and step on solid ground for the first time in ten days. 368 00:25:45.433 --> 00:25:46.800 This is Artemis. 369 00:25:46.800 --> 00:25:49.433 To learn more about Artemis at NASA. 370 00:25:49.433 --> 00:25:51.900 Dot gov slash Artemis. 371 00:25:51.900 --> 00:25:53.633 Aloha. 372 00:26:01.300 --> 00:26:02.800 There’s been 373 00:26:02.800 --> 00:26:05.800 a lot of excitement about space suits lately. 374 00:26:07.300 --> 00:26:10.400 But what about that iconic puffy marshmallow suit that we used 375 00:26:10.566 --> 00:26:12.200 to walk on the moon? 376 00:26:12.200 --> 00:26:16.200 This is what we call an Extravehicular Mobility Unit, or EMU. 377 00:26:16.333 --> 00:26:19.333 And these suits truly are in a class of their own. 378 00:26:20.033 --> 00:26:20.900 Since Apollo, 379 00:26:20.900 --> 00:26:24.566 we've retooled and reimagined what can be accomplished on a spacewalk. 380 00:26:24.966 --> 00:26:29.100 And the current spacesuit that NASA uses is based on a design that first flew 381 00:26:29.100 --> 00:26:33.866 in 1981 through rigorous maintenance, safety testing, and upgrades. 382 00:26:34.100 --> 00:26:37.733 This suit has allowed us to perform some incredibly monumental achievements 383 00:26:38.200 --> 00:26:41.133 in space, walk our way into the record books. 384 00:26:41.133 --> 00:26:45.600 You may have all come on different ships, but we're in the same boat now. 385 00:26:46.000 --> 00:26:48.633 A space suit is not something you simply wear. 386 00:26:48.633 --> 00:26:51.633 It's more like an astronaut's very own personal vehicle. 387 00:26:51.833 --> 00:26:54.866 A spacesuit is basically a self-contained environment. 388 00:26:54.900 --> 00:26:58.133 It is a mini spacecraft that is tightly wound around 389 00:26:58.133 --> 00:27:01.133 a human body, containing everything they need to survive. 390 00:27:01.400 --> 00:27:04.133 Because we are going back 391 00:27:04.133 --> 00:27:07.466 to the moon and on to Mars, exploration spacesuits 392 00:27:07.466 --> 00:27:11.700 have to solve the challenges from the past and anticipate those in the future. 393 00:27:11.766 --> 00:27:15.800 Some of the biggest environmental challenges that we're seeing 394 00:27:15.866 --> 00:27:19.933 is finding a balance between mobility and lunar dust. 395 00:27:20.233 --> 00:27:22.966 In other words, exploration is dirty work. 396 00:27:24.266 --> 00:27:26.333 Looks like you guys have been playing and I call them. 397 00:27:26.333 --> 00:27:28.933 I don't know how we will get it all to the best we can. 398 00:27:28.933 --> 00:27:30.166 Yeah, like, 399 00:27:30.166 --> 00:27:33.200 how are we going to clean these guys off before they're allowed to go back inside? 400 00:27:33.233 --> 00:27:34.900 There's many ways. 401 00:27:34.900 --> 00:27:37.566 And do we know if they work? We have to find out. 402 00:27:37.566 --> 00:27:40.800 And when your life depends on a good seal and perfectly performing 403 00:27:40.800 --> 00:27:43.800 fabrics, dust is kind of a big deal. 404 00:27:44.833 --> 00:27:45.600 Lunar regolith. 405 00:27:45.600 --> 00:27:49.533 It looks like it's it's just a fine grained material. 406 00:27:49.533 --> 00:27:52.033 When you when you see the pictures of the Apollo boots and it and stuff. 407 00:27:52.033 --> 00:27:56.566 But, you're going to see anywhere from broken rock shapes 408 00:27:57.266 --> 00:27:59.766 to fractured glass shapes. 409 00:27:59.766 --> 00:28:01.433 That's what it looks like under the microscope 410 00:28:01.433 --> 00:28:05.166 of such a small particle size range that it gets in everything. 411 00:28:05.500 --> 00:28:08.233 The Apollo missions only needed their suits to last 412 00:28:08.233 --> 00:28:11.266 for a few moonwalks, but these missions to the Moon 413 00:28:11.266 --> 00:28:15.200 and Mars could be weeks, months, and even years long demanding 414 00:28:15.200 --> 00:28:18.966 the most innovative solutions from NASA and our industry partners. 415 00:28:19.366 --> 00:28:24.733 Whether we put a protective layer, whether we are able to charge the suit 416 00:28:24.733 --> 00:28:29.866 to repel dust, there are multiple things that we're looking at. 417 00:28:29.966 --> 00:28:32.500 So we still have a lot of challenges and work. 418 00:28:32.500 --> 00:28:35.933 The original EMUs were designed for the astronauts of that era. 419 00:28:36.433 --> 00:28:39.900 Since then, our astronaut classes have become far more diverse, 420 00:28:39.900 --> 00:28:43.466 and the next generation of spacesuits can follow well suit. 421 00:28:44.633 --> 00:28:45.233 As NASA 422 00:28:45.233 --> 00:28:49.433 works together with industry partners on exploration spacesuits, follow along 423 00:28:49.466 --> 00:28:52.466 and be part of our journey to the moon 424 00:28:52.533 --> 00:28:55.533 and beyond. 425 00:28:55.833 --> 00:28:58.833 Thank you so much for tuning in to this year's International Observe 426 00:28:58.833 --> 00:29:02.533 the Moon Show, and for celebrating the moon with us, wherever you may be. 427 00:29:02.866 --> 00:29:07.633 Wishing you clear skies and see you on September 19th, 2026 for the next 428 00:29:07.633 --> 00:29:09.600 International Observe the Moon Night. 429 00:29:09.600 --> 00:29:12.600 See you later.