1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:01,666 (music throughout) 2 00:00:15,566 --> 00:00:17,233 Hi, I'm Doctor Marie Henderson, 3 00:00:17,233 --> 00:00:20,533 a planetary scientist at Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland. 4 00:00:21,066 --> 00:00:22,100 I love the moon. 5 00:00:22,100 --> 00:00:24,466 And so I became a planetary scientist. 6 00:00:24,466 --> 00:00:27,400 Study lunar volcanism and planetary imaging. 7 00:00:27,400 --> 00:00:30,333 In addition to that, I trained astronauts in lunar geology 8 00:00:30,333 --> 00:00:33,333 as one of the scientists on NASA's Artemis two mission. 9 00:00:33,366 --> 00:00:36,700 The mission is due to launch early next year, and it will be the first Artemis 10 00:00:36,766 --> 00:00:40,600 flight to the moon and back with four astronauts on board. 11 00:00:40,800 --> 00:00:44,333 Our science team will support them from Earth in real time as they make 12 00:00:44,333 --> 00:00:49,366 geological observations from the Orion capsule with both their eyes and cameras. 13 00:00:49,500 --> 00:00:51,366 You'll learn more about the Artemis two mission 14 00:00:51,366 --> 00:00:54,500 in the coming months, but for now, I want to invite you to join me, 15 00:00:54,866 --> 00:00:57,733 NASA and explorers around the globe and looking up 16 00:00:57,733 --> 00:01:00,733 and appreciating our near celestial neighbor, the moon. 17 00:01:00,933 --> 00:01:04,466 As part of NASA's annual international Observe the Moon Night. 18 00:01:04,466 --> 00:01:06,700 enjoy the upcoming show where you'll learn more 19 00:01:06,700 --> 00:01:10,100 about the moon and NASA's lunar science and exploration plans. 20 00:01:13,366 --> 00:01:14,533 I'm Reid Wiseman. 21 00:01:14,533 --> 00:01:15,500 And I'm Victor Glover. 22 00:01:15,500 --> 00:01:18,500 And this is how we pilot the Orion spacecraft. 23 00:01:21,533 --> 00:01:24,766 What are the differences between piloting an airplane and a spacecraft? 24 00:01:24,800 --> 00:01:26,766 I think the thing that I first think about 25 00:01:26,766 --> 00:01:29,766 is on a spacecraft, it's really all about attitude. 26 00:01:29,800 --> 00:01:33,133 It's really not about thrust and getting the airplanes flying faster. 27 00:01:33,133 --> 00:01:37,266 And the spacecraft is already going almost 38, 39 times the speed of sound. 28 00:01:37,266 --> 00:01:39,900 So we're really controlling the attitude. Where are we pointing? 29 00:01:39,900 --> 00:01:43,500 Where are we looking at out the windows, where our antenna is pointing? 30 00:01:43,800 --> 00:01:47,933 The software is the primary flyer of the spacecraft. 31 00:01:47,966 --> 00:01:51,700 I think that's the biggest difference, especially for a, you know, a pilot coming 32 00:01:51,700 --> 00:01:55,733 into this who wants to get on the hand controllers and, and put the aircraft 33 00:01:55,733 --> 00:01:58,833 or the spacecraft in its proper attitude in aircraft. 34 00:01:58,966 --> 00:02:01,800 The software is really helping the pilot. 35 00:02:01,800 --> 00:02:05,033 And I think now it's almost like we are helping the software. 36 00:02:06,500 --> 00:02:08,066 So a couple of the things we're going to do on Artemis 37 00:02:08,066 --> 00:02:12,100 two right after liftoff, we are going to detach the Orion 38 00:02:12,300 --> 00:02:16,833 spacecraft and service module from the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion stage, 39 00:02:16,833 --> 00:02:19,833 which is just a lot of words for our upper stage. 40 00:02:19,866 --> 00:02:20,433 During that, 41 00:02:20,433 --> 00:02:23,500 Victor will be physically flying with a rotational hand controller, 42 00:02:23,533 --> 00:02:27,566 the translational hand controller, and doing station keeping on this upper stage. 43 00:02:27,733 --> 00:02:32,600 This phase of the testing will be to simulate the flying that we would do 44 00:02:32,600 --> 00:02:37,133 if we were docking to another spacecraft, like our lander, or to our gateway. 45 00:02:38,433 --> 00:02:40,800 I think we should show you how we actually control the vehicle. 46 00:02:40,800 --> 00:02:41,733 So we've been using 47 00:02:41,733 --> 00:02:44,633 terms like rotational hand controller, rotational hand controller. 48 00:02:44,633 --> 00:02:48,733 We say RHC for short and translational hang controller, THC for short. 49 00:02:49,233 --> 00:02:51,200 In an aircraft you would have a stick in a throttle, 50 00:02:51,200 --> 00:02:54,633 but it's the things that you put your hands on to control the spacecraft. 51 00:02:55,133 --> 00:02:57,233 We will pitch, roll and yaw. 52 00:02:57,233 --> 00:02:59,466 Those are the three axes and each direction. 53 00:02:59,466 --> 00:03:02,400 And then we will also go up, down, left, right, in and out. 54 00:03:02,400 --> 00:03:06,300 And we will assess how precisely that we can control the spacecraft. 55 00:03:09,800 --> 00:03:10,433 But we mentioned 56 00:03:10,433 --> 00:03:14,033 earlier that the main controller of the spacecraft is software. 57 00:03:14,300 --> 00:03:16,466 And so the main way that we interact with 58 00:03:16,466 --> 00:03:20,400 the spacecraft is our cursor control device. 59 00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:21,866 Your another favorite. 60 00:03:21,866 --> 00:03:24,300 I know you love CCD. This thing. 61 00:03:24,300 --> 00:03:26,500 It looks awkward. It looks weird. 62 00:03:26,500 --> 00:03:29,633 But when you get to use it, it is actually a genius piece of gear. 63 00:03:29,633 --> 00:03:31,300 And I know it is your favorite. 64 00:03:31,300 --> 00:03:31,766 Oh it is. 65 00:03:31,766 --> 00:03:34,766 This is our primary way to interact with the spacecraft. 66 00:03:34,933 --> 00:03:37,933 And so what it does is it allows us to determine 67 00:03:37,933 --> 00:03:39,433 where we put our focus on the display. 68 00:03:39,433 --> 00:03:42,433 So I can move the cursor to a certain display. 69 00:03:42,433 --> 00:03:46,333 And then I can move the cursor around to interact with certain fields of data. 70 00:03:46,866 --> 00:03:50,400 And it's one of the primary controllers, because there are going to be times 71 00:03:50,400 --> 00:03:54,133 when we're under 4G, 8G, maybe even, 72 00:03:54,733 --> 00:03:57,533 and we won't be able to lift up our hands and push the buttons on the display. 73 00:03:57,533 --> 00:03:59,933 So this is exactly how we will do it. 74 00:03:59,933 --> 00:04:04,033 There is far more information on these displays than we will need to 75 00:04:04,166 --> 00:04:07,466 to fly this spacecraft normally, but if a system goes off, 76 00:04:07,466 --> 00:04:08,766 if something goes wrong, 77 00:04:08,766 --> 00:04:13,300 we can dig down into the lowest levels of the computer of all the systems here, 78 00:04:13,300 --> 00:04:15,200 and we can take a look to see what's failed. 79 00:04:15,200 --> 00:04:17,200 Talk to Mission Control in Houston. 80 00:04:17,200 --> 00:04:21,500 And then right next to the displays you see switches and toggles and dials. 81 00:04:21,733 --> 00:04:24,900 And so we call those switch interface panels or SIP panels. 82 00:04:25,233 --> 00:04:28,366 If the rotational and translational hand controllers didn't work, 83 00:04:28,366 --> 00:04:30,766 we also have a backup to a set of switches. 84 00:04:32,333 --> 00:04:35,566 Hi, my name is Jeff Samarra and I work for Lockheed Martin. 85 00:04:35,700 --> 00:04:39,300 We're here in the Exploration Development Laboratory, where we do integrated 86 00:04:39,300 --> 00:04:43,533 testing and verification and GNC fights software for the Artemis program. 87 00:04:44,233 --> 00:04:47,533 GNC stands for guidance, Navigation and Control. 88 00:04:48,133 --> 00:04:51,133 Guidance is basically where do we want to go? 89 00:04:51,266 --> 00:04:54,200 Nav is where are we controls? 90 00:04:54,200 --> 00:04:56,900 How do we get where we are, where we want to be? 91 00:04:56,900 --> 00:05:00,900 This is the software that interfaces with both the translational 92 00:05:00,900 --> 00:05:03,900 and rotational hand controls. 93 00:05:06,166 --> 00:05:06,600 We call 94 00:05:06,600 --> 00:05:09,600 this whole stack up the crew and service module or the CSM. 95 00:05:09,800 --> 00:05:13,166 That is the crew module, the capsule, the spacecraft Orion, 96 00:05:13,400 --> 00:05:17,666 and then the service module made by our partners ESA and Airbus in Europe. 97 00:05:18,000 --> 00:05:22,400 And so this is where the thrusters that will maneuver us on the service module. 98 00:05:24,566 --> 00:05:26,266 My name is Hashid Amikan 99 00:05:26,266 --> 00:05:30,266 I am the lead of assembly integration test team of Airbus. 100 00:05:30,433 --> 00:05:33,766 And we built the European service module in Germany. 101 00:05:34,733 --> 00:05:38,433 When the astronaut gives the command to go in any direction. 102 00:05:38,666 --> 00:05:42,166 The software is steering every thrusters as needed. 103 00:05:42,333 --> 00:05:46,000 So it's a balance or a dance between the different engines. 104 00:05:46,300 --> 00:05:49,833 So if you provide thrust on one side, you have to counteract. 105 00:05:49,833 --> 00:05:52,066 And on the other side, 106 00:05:52,066 --> 00:05:54,466 every time you touch the translational hand 107 00:05:54,466 --> 00:05:57,500 controller or the rotational hand controller, those thrusters fire. 108 00:05:57,500 --> 00:05:59,066 And those thrusters are right near us. 109 00:05:59,066 --> 00:06:01,900 And you can hear a bang and it's like, bang, bang, bang, bang. 110 00:06:01,900 --> 00:06:03,866 As you're flying this thing around, you hear it and feel it. 111 00:06:03,866 --> 00:06:07,166 And even though it's quite well shielded and that we're in suits and other 112 00:06:07,166 --> 00:06:10,366 things, you're still going to hear and feel those thrusters when they fire. 113 00:06:10,400 --> 00:06:11,400 It's pretty neat. 114 00:06:11,400 --> 00:06:15,000 I cannot wait until one of us takes controls and just steers 115 00:06:15,000 --> 00:06:17,066 this thing around and looks out at the earth. 116 00:06:17,066 --> 00:06:20,833 We'll be farther from the earth than human beings have been in a very long time. 117 00:06:22,033 --> 00:06:25,033 Let's go, let's go. 118 00:06:33,166 --> 00:06:35,233 And liftoff of Artemis one. 119 00:06:35,233 --> 00:06:37,966 We rise together back to the moon 120 00:06:37,966 --> 00:06:40,966 and beyond. 121 00:07:00,466 --> 00:07:02,100 I'm not used to talking about trees. 122 00:07:02,100 --> 00:07:03,933 Like rocks. 123 00:07:03,933 --> 00:07:08,466 Easier seeds represent the most optimistic of our species. 124 00:07:08,500 --> 00:07:09,900 Given our reliance on wood 125 00:07:09,900 --> 00:07:13,800 from raw material for a home to a baseball bat and now spacecraft. 126 00:07:13,833 --> 00:07:16,833 Planting a seedling is an investment in our future. 127 00:07:16,833 --> 00:07:20,300 The tree may not bring you fruit, but it will bring future generations of fruit. 128 00:07:21,200 --> 00:07:22,066 In 1962. 129 00:07:22,066 --> 00:07:25,600 President Kennedy said these words we meet in an hour of change and challenge 130 00:07:25,600 --> 00:07:29,066 and a decade of hope and fear and an age of both knowledge and ignorance. 131 00:07:29,133 --> 00:07:33,000 The greater of our knowledge increases, the greater of our ignorance unfolds. 132 00:07:33,766 --> 00:07:36,466 Artemis one continued in the grand tradition of what Artemis 133 00:07:36,466 --> 00:07:39,633 two astronaut Victor Glover suggested during his visit to Goddard. 134 00:07:39,666 --> 00:07:41,266 As vessels of humanity, 135 00:07:41,266 --> 00:07:45,000 that we take our culture with us into the cosmos, that we should choose 136 00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:48,000 to take seeds and plant them for future generations to enjoy. 137 00:07:48,133 --> 00:07:50,133 To remind us, earthbound explorers, that 138 00:07:50,133 --> 00:07:53,666 despite the problems we face here, we remain connected to our future in space. 139 00:07:54,133 --> 00:07:57,033 I'm hopeful that our all of our shared work on Artemis 140 00:07:57,033 --> 00:08:00,166 missions will bring similar fruit to future generations. 141 00:08:12,366 --> 00:08:14,866 Hi, I'm NASA astronaut Tracy Dyson, 142 00:08:14,866 --> 00:08:19,400 orbiting 260 miles above the Earth aboard the International Space Station. 143 00:08:20,100 --> 00:08:24,533 Tonight is time to come together to appreciate and observe our shared moon. 144 00:08:25,100 --> 00:08:28,066 We are blessed on the ISS to be able to observe the moon 145 00:08:28,066 --> 00:08:31,333 from space being situated over the Earth's atmosphere. 146 00:08:31,600 --> 00:08:33,700 It's quite a sight to behold. 147 00:08:33,700 --> 00:08:37,866 The effect of the moon is most dramatic for us over large bodies of water. 148 00:08:38,333 --> 00:08:41,766 When the moon is full, it illuminates the whole surface of the earth 149 00:08:41,766 --> 00:08:44,766 and the ocean glistens with a beautiful soft glow. 150 00:08:45,266 --> 00:08:46,933 Contrast that with the new moon, 151 00:08:46,933 --> 00:08:49,966 and the oceans are as black as a starless universe. 152 00:08:50,433 --> 00:08:52,466 It's almost as if the Earth disappears. 153 00:08:52,466 --> 00:08:53,900 It's crazy. 154 00:08:53,900 --> 00:08:57,266 Wherever the moon is in its face, when spotted, you can hear 155 00:08:57,266 --> 00:09:00,266 someone say from the cupola, come look at this moon. 156 00:09:00,700 --> 00:09:04,266 So my crewmates and I are excited to contribute to work that is stepping 157 00:09:04,266 --> 00:09:07,800 stone toward NASA's return to the moon through the Artemis program. 158 00:09:08,100 --> 00:09:10,233 Stay curious and keep looking up. 159 00:11:28,200 --> 00:11:28,633 Three. 160 00:11:28,633 --> 00:11:31,633 Two. One. 161 00:11:51,366 --> 00:11:53,433 Every year, 162 00:11:53,433 --> 00:11:56,233 at the end of October 163 00:11:56,233 --> 00:11:58,400 there is a very special night in Spain 164 00:11:58,400 --> 00:12:04,300 It's a night when dozens of astronomical associations take their telescopes out onto the streets. 165 00:12:04,300 --> 00:12:06,666 We are talking about the Night of the Moon 166 00:12:06,666 --> 00:12:10,033 When, together, they all share their passion for the heavens 167 00:12:12,733 --> 00:12:17,500 People approach the telescopes, intrigued, curious. 168 00:12:17,900 --> 00:12:20,900 Is it here? 169 00:12:24,633 --> 00:12:27,733 Goodness, how cool! 170 00:12:33,033 --> 00:12:35,466 My goodness, what a blast, huh? 171 00:12:35,466 --> 00:12:38,466 Wow! 172 00:12:43,333 --> 00:12:45,266 Oh, how cool! 173 00:12:47,066 --> 00:12:48,300 How handsome! 174 00:12:48,300 --> 00:12:51,166 Wow, it looks perfect! It's amazing! 175 00:12:51,733 --> 00:12:53,000 Almost as if I were there! 176 00:12:53,600 --> 00:12:55,266 Man, it looks super cool! 177 00:12:57,500 --> 00:12:58,833 Cool! 178 00:13:01,166 --> 00:13:02,100 It’s super cool! 179 00:13:02,100 --> 00:13:04,266 Those are the craters of the Moon. Oh, really? 180 00:13:07,666 --> 00:13:09,500 Wow, what a blast! 181 00:13:10,066 --> 00:13:12,566 Wow, how cool! 182 00:13:12,866 --> 00:13:15,566 Look! Look! Look what the Moon looks like! 183 00:13:16,666 --> 00:13:19,600 Wow, how cool! 184 00:13:19,600 --> 00:13:22,766 Can you see the craters on the Moon? 185 00:13:23,333 --> 00:13:26,333 It's gorgeous! 186 00:13:28,300 --> 00:13:29,900 Amazing, huh?! 187 00:13:33,700 --> 00:13:35,366 How cool! 188 00:13:39,966 --> 00:13:41,100 Stand here 189 00:13:41,466 --> 00:13:43,600 Look over here. Wait wait. 190 00:13:44,466 --> 00:13:46,466 Look over there. Like this, with one eye. 191 00:13:48,133 --> 00:13:49,400 What do you see? 192 00:13:49,400 --> 00:13:50,333 The Moon 193 00:13:50,333 --> 00:13:51,166 The Moon, yeah? 194 00:14:08,066 --> 00:14:09,500 In prehistoric times 195 00:14:10,100 --> 00:14:15,633 we humans established a very close relationship with the sky. 196 00:14:16,200 --> 00:14:18,800 For hundreds of thousands of years, 197 00:14:18,800 --> 00:14:21,466 when we had not yet invented writing, 198 00:14:21,466 --> 00:14:23,700 the calendar or the compass, 199 00:14:24,233 --> 00:14:27,600 reading the sky allowed us to locate ourselves in space and time. 200 00:14:29,766 --> 00:14:32,333 Knowing the sky was simply a matter of survival. 201 00:14:33,800 --> 00:14:36,800 We have lost this close relationship we had with heavens. 202 00:14:38,733 --> 00:14:42,533 And yet, looking at it, understanding it and studying it, 203 00:14:43,866 --> 00:14:45,833 continues to move and touch us. 204 00:14:46,933 --> 00:14:48,800 Man, what a blast! 205 00:14:49,566 --> 00:14:52,566 It just doesn't seem real. 206 00:14:58,166 --> 00:15:01,166 Hi, I'm Zena from the German Aerospace Center in Cologne, 207 00:15:01,200 --> 00:15:04,433 and my favorite way to observe the moon is from my balcony. 208 00:15:09,966 --> 00:15:13,400 In 2009, NASA launched the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, 209 00:15:13,800 --> 00:15:16,566 a bold mission to map our moon in such detail 210 00:15:16,566 --> 00:15:19,833 that future crewed and robotic missions could not only land safely, 211 00:15:20,200 --> 00:15:22,800 but also go to scientifically important locations. 212 00:15:24,033 --> 00:15:25,833 With the start of the Artemis missions. 213 00:15:25,833 --> 00:15:30,066 The future is now as NASA prepares to send humans to the lunar south pole. 214 00:15:30,666 --> 00:15:31,500 This region is of 215 00:15:31,500 --> 00:15:35,333 particular scientific interest because it features areas of extended sun. 216 00:15:35,333 --> 00:15:39,666 That illumination and permanent shadow is known to contain resources like water, 217 00:15:40,166 --> 00:15:43,733 and sits on the rim of the oldest impact crater in the Earth-Moon system. 218 00:15:44,633 --> 00:15:48,133 Over the years, LRO, a suite of scientific instruments, has delivered 219 00:15:48,133 --> 00:15:51,933 his promised, giving us incredible new views and data on this terrain, 220 00:15:52,433 --> 00:15:55,433 helping us build a roadmap for exploration. 221 00:15:55,500 --> 00:15:58,700 So follow this series as we take a look at how the LRO mission 222 00:15:58,700 --> 00:16:01,700 is laying the groundwork for Artemis science. 223 00:16:06,766 --> 00:16:07,900 One of the instruments on 224 00:16:07,900 --> 00:16:11,366 LRO is the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter, or Lola. 225 00:16:12,066 --> 00:16:15,066 It provides topographic data on the lunar surface, 226 00:16:15,200 --> 00:16:19,600 revealing slopes and surface roughness, helping us create models of lunar gravity 227 00:16:19,600 --> 00:16:23,400 and surface brightness, as well as high resolution 3D maps of the moon. 228 00:16:25,966 --> 00:16:28,900 In this visualization, the colors correspond to different 229 00:16:28,900 --> 00:16:32,300 elevations found amongst the craters and mountains of the South Pole region. 230 00:16:34,433 --> 00:16:38,066 Having accurate elevation data is essential for landing site selection. 231 00:16:38,333 --> 00:16:39,933 Surface navigation. 232 00:16:39,933 --> 00:16:42,766 Identifying areas where resources can be found 233 00:16:42,766 --> 00:16:45,766 and planning the design of future lunar infrastructure. 234 00:16:46,633 --> 00:16:49,233 In addition, studying the elevation and topography 235 00:16:49,233 --> 00:16:51,433 of the moon contributes to scientific research 236 00:16:51,433 --> 00:16:55,866 about its geological history, formation processes, and ongoing changes. 237 00:16:56,400 --> 00:16:58,233 By analyzing elevation data. 238 00:16:58,233 --> 00:17:02,100 Scientists can learn more about the moon's past volcanic activity, impact 239 00:17:02,100 --> 00:17:05,100 history, and tectonic processes. 240 00:17:06,966 --> 00:17:07,466 The global 241 00:17:07,466 --> 00:17:10,766 terrain mapping by Lola also makes it possible to simulate 242 00:17:10,766 --> 00:17:14,466 sunlight and shadow on the moon at any date, in the past or future. 243 00:17:15,200 --> 00:17:19,833 Here we see a visualization of the region in 2028, depicting the changes 244 00:17:19,833 --> 00:17:22,833 in shadowing in two hour intervals over the course of the year. 245 00:17:23,533 --> 00:17:27,066 This information is vital to Artemus for planning exploration endeavors, 246 00:17:27,300 --> 00:17:30,466 since the low sun angles and terrain of the South Pole produce 247 00:17:30,466 --> 00:17:32,433 a uniquely challenging lighting environment. 248 00:17:33,766 --> 00:17:35,533 In the years since LRO was launched, 249 00:17:35,533 --> 00:17:38,433 there have been over 60,000 orbits of the spacecraft 250 00:17:38,433 --> 00:17:41,400 and 10 billion laser shots at the lunar surface, 251 00:17:41,400 --> 00:17:44,800 making those data a vital resource for both human and robotic 252 00:17:44,800 --> 00:17:47,866 explorers that arrive at the South Pole in the coming years. 253 00:17:48,933 --> 00:17:51,733 It's one piece in how LRO is helping NASA usher 254 00:17:51,733 --> 00:17:54,733 in a new generation of lunar science. 255 00:17:58,200 --> 00:17:59,366 And I'm David. 256 00:18:03,266 --> 00:18:07,533 Here we are in Melbourne and we like to observe the moon 257 00:18:07,533 --> 00:18:10,533 reflecting off the Yarra River in Melbourne. 258 00:18:12,333 --> 00:18:13,766 NASA's Artemis two 259 00:18:13,766 --> 00:18:17,266 is the first crewed lunar mission in over 50 years 260 00:18:17,733 --> 00:18:21,266 for astronauts will venture around the moon, preparing humanity 261 00:18:21,266 --> 00:18:25,766 for a long term lunar presence for scientific discovery and exploration. 262 00:18:28,666 --> 00:18:30,700 The ten day test flight will demonstrate 263 00:18:30,700 --> 00:18:34,100 a range of deep space exploration capabilities with crew. 264 00:18:34,666 --> 00:18:38,900 The mission will prove the Orion spacecraft is ready to keep astronauts 265 00:18:38,900 --> 00:18:42,900 alive in deep space, and allow the crew and ground teams 266 00:18:42,900 --> 00:18:46,400 to practice operations essential to the success of future 267 00:18:46,400 --> 00:18:49,400 missions. 268 00:18:50,300 --> 00:18:51,800 On launch day, the Artemis 269 00:18:51,800 --> 00:18:56,200 two crew suits up, undergoes final checks and rides, and the crew transportation 270 00:18:56,200 --> 00:19:00,266 vehicles to launch pad 39 B at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. 271 00:19:01,700 --> 00:19:05,366 Stacked on the mobile launcher, NASA's 322ft tall 272 00:19:05,500 --> 00:19:09,900 cells, or Space Launch System rocket with the Orion spacecraft awaits the crew 273 00:19:10,133 --> 00:19:12,966 having made its four mile journey from the Vehicle Assembly 274 00:19:12,966 --> 00:19:15,966 Building on the crawler transporter to the pad. 275 00:19:16,833 --> 00:19:18,600 The launch team fills the SLS 276 00:19:18,600 --> 00:19:22,366 propellant tanks with over 700,000 gallons of liquid oxygen 277 00:19:22,366 --> 00:19:26,500 and liquid hydrogen and verifies guidance, communications, and avionics. 278 00:19:27,100 --> 00:19:30,900 At 12 seconds before liftoff, the hydrogen burn off Igniters fire. 279 00:19:31,233 --> 00:19:35,200 About six seconds later, the rocket's four Rs 25 engines ignite. 280 00:19:35,766 --> 00:19:37,266 When the countdown reaches zero. 281 00:19:37,266 --> 00:19:38,566 The umbilical retract, 282 00:19:38,566 --> 00:19:42,433 giving SLS and the crew in Orion the clearance to begin the journey. 283 00:19:47,300 --> 00:19:50,400 The 6 million pound moon rocket produces 8.8 284 00:19:50,400 --> 00:19:53,433 million pounds of thrust to accelerate toward space. 285 00:19:54,466 --> 00:19:59,266 75% of this power comes from the 217 story solid rocket boosters, 286 00:19:59,533 --> 00:20:02,666 each producing 3.6 million pounds of thrust. 287 00:20:07,966 --> 00:20:10,433 About two minutes when the boosters are released, 288 00:20:10,433 --> 00:20:14,633 their solid propellant consumed the core stage and its Rs 25 289 00:20:14,633 --> 00:20:18,300 engines continue to propel Orion and the crew to space. 290 00:20:21,866 --> 00:20:24,533 After three minutes, the protective fairings surrounding 291 00:20:24,533 --> 00:20:28,100 Orion's service module are ejected, exposing its solar arrays. 292 00:20:28,866 --> 00:20:32,366 Six seconds later, the launch abort system is ejected from Orion. 293 00:20:32,666 --> 00:20:35,766 The crew has safely reached Earth orbit, though they could still abort 294 00:20:35,800 --> 00:20:38,800 using service module engines. 295 00:20:39,933 --> 00:20:43,700 About eight minutes after launch, the SLS core stage engines shut down 296 00:20:43,700 --> 00:20:46,700 and the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage, or ICPS 297 00:20:46,700 --> 00:20:49,600 and Orion separate from the core stage. 298 00:20:49,600 --> 00:20:52,766 Orion and the ICPS are now flying free. 299 00:21:01,366 --> 00:21:04,166 Orion's four solar arrays deploy, powering 300 00:21:04,166 --> 00:21:07,766 the spacecraft and charging its batteries for when it moves out of direct sunlight 301 00:21:07,766 --> 00:21:10,766 during the journey to the moon and back. 302 00:21:13,500 --> 00:21:17,200 After a 90 minute orbit, the engine of the rocket's upper stage 303 00:21:17,200 --> 00:21:20,900 or ICPS, ignites to raise Orion to a high Earth orbit. 304 00:21:22,133 --> 00:21:24,000 The Artemis two crew and mission control 305 00:21:24,000 --> 00:21:27,400 in Houston then began a nearly 24 hour systems check. 306 00:21:27,566 --> 00:21:31,866 While the astronauts are still relatively close to Earth, familiarizing themselves 307 00:21:31,866 --> 00:21:34,866 with their new home for the next several days. 308 00:21:48,633 --> 00:21:49,366 Once in high 309 00:21:49,366 --> 00:21:52,366 Earth orbit, Orion separates from the upper stage. 310 00:21:52,533 --> 00:21:57,766 The expended ICPS and Orion stage adapter serve as a target for a manual handling 311 00:21:57,766 --> 00:22:00,900 test called the Proximity Operations Demonstration. 312 00:22:01,333 --> 00:22:02,200 Preparing future 313 00:22:02,200 --> 00:22:06,033 crews for rendezvous, docking, and undocking with other spacecraft. 314 00:22:07,733 --> 00:22:09,466 During the demonstration, Artemis 315 00:22:09,466 --> 00:22:12,833 two astronauts use cameras and line of sight through Orion's windows 316 00:22:12,833 --> 00:22:15,833 to pilot the spacecraft as they approach and back away. 317 00:22:16,000 --> 00:22:19,366 Assessing Orion's handling qualities, hardware and software. 318 00:22:25,366 --> 00:22:25,800 Following 319 00:22:25,800 --> 00:22:29,333 the demonstration, spacecraft data is collected to verify system 320 00:22:29,333 --> 00:22:32,866 performance, such as life support, communications, and navigation, 321 00:22:33,133 --> 00:22:36,133 ensuring Orion and the crew are ready for the voyage ahead. 322 00:22:43,166 --> 00:22:46,533 About 23 hours later, Orion's service module performs 323 00:22:46,533 --> 00:22:50,966 the Trans Lunar Injection Burn, or TLI, pushing Orion out of Earth orbit 324 00:22:50,966 --> 00:22:53,966 and on an approximately four day trip to the moon. 325 00:22:54,266 --> 00:22:56,900 Ultimately, the crew's figure eight flight path extends 326 00:22:56,900 --> 00:22:59,900 more than 230,000 miles from Earth. 327 00:23:01,233 --> 00:23:04,900 During the trip, the astronauts continue to evaluate the spacecraft's systems 328 00:23:04,900 --> 00:23:07,900 and practice emergency procedures like testing the radiation 329 00:23:07,900 --> 00:23:10,900 shelter. 330 00:23:12,966 --> 00:23:13,466 The Artemis 331 00:23:13,466 --> 00:23:16,900 two crew travels about 4600 miles beyond the moon, 332 00:23:17,066 --> 00:23:21,666 becoming the first humans to lay eyes on the lunar far side in over 50 years. 333 00:23:22,066 --> 00:23:25,700 Their observations will help us prepare for future missions at the moon. 334 00:23:26,566 --> 00:23:29,500 During this period, there will be an anticipated communication 335 00:23:29,500 --> 00:23:32,500 blackout between mission control and the spacecraft 336 00:23:33,300 --> 00:23:35,900 as the crew returns from the far side of the moon. 337 00:23:35,900 --> 00:23:39,033 Orion is drawn home by Earth's gravity in a free return 338 00:23:39,033 --> 00:23:42,166 trajectory, ensuring a fuel efficient four day trip. 339 00:23:53,866 --> 00:23:55,533 Before entering the atmosphere. 340 00:23:55,533 --> 00:23:58,533 Orion's crew module separates from the service module. 341 00:24:00,433 --> 00:24:03,466 12 thrusters ensure Orion is properly oriented 342 00:24:03,466 --> 00:24:06,766 at an altitude of about 75 miles from Earth's surface. 343 00:24:13,700 --> 00:24:16,800 Orion and the crew enter Earth's atmosphere at a speed of nearly 344 00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:22,166 25,000mph, decelerating at a rate up to four times the force of gravity. 345 00:24:22,300 --> 00:24:25,300 The crew will feel four times heavier than they do on Earth. 346 00:24:25,866 --> 00:24:28,500 Orion's heat shield protects the spacecraft from temperatures 347 00:24:28,500 --> 00:24:31,700 of about 5000°F, about half as hot 348 00:24:31,700 --> 00:24:34,700 as the surface of the sun. 349 00:24:35,666 --> 00:24:36,933 To slow its descent, 350 00:24:36,933 --> 00:24:40,600 Orion begins a precise deployment sequence of 11 parachutes. 351 00:24:41,033 --> 00:24:43,733 Three forward bay cover parachutes first separate 352 00:24:43,733 --> 00:24:46,733 the protective thermal cover that sits over the ship's 353 00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:51,666 two drogues, slow and stabilized the crew module, then cut free. 354 00:24:52,133 --> 00:24:54,833 Three pilot chutes lift the three main parachutes, 355 00:24:54,833 --> 00:24:59,433 deployed at an altitude of 9000ft and traveling 130mph. 356 00:24:59,900 --> 00:25:04,233 These should slow the crew module to a speed of less than 20mph. 357 00:25:06,400 --> 00:25:07,666 After traveling more than 358 00:25:07,666 --> 00:25:11,566 595,000 nautical miles, Orion splashes 359 00:25:11,566 --> 00:25:15,266 down in the Pacific Ocean, about 50 nautical miles from the California coast. 360 00:25:15,433 --> 00:25:20,100 Just 16 minutes after entering Earth's atmosphere after splashdown, 361 00:25:20,100 --> 00:25:24,733 a recovery team that includes the US Navy, Air Force and NASA approaches Orion. 362 00:25:25,033 --> 00:25:26,633 The team ensures it's safe for the crew 363 00:25:26,633 --> 00:25:30,566 to exit before divers help the astronauts onto an inflatable front porch, 364 00:25:30,800 --> 00:25:33,800 hoist them into helicopters and fly to the recovery ship. 365 00:25:35,000 --> 00:25:38,500 Orion is towed into the ship for its return to Kennedy Space Center. 366 00:25:38,833 --> 00:25:41,366 Their mission complete, the crew is flown back to land 367 00:25:41,366 --> 00:25:44,533 and step on solid ground for the first time in ten days. 368 00:25:45,433 --> 00:25:46,800 This is Artemis. 369 00:25:46,800 --> 00:25:49,433 To learn more about Artemis at NASA. 370 00:25:49,433 --> 00:25:51,900 Dot gov slash Artemis. 371 00:25:51,900 --> 00:25:53,633 Aloha. 372 00:26:01,300 --> 00:26:02,800 There’s been 373 00:26:02,800 --> 00:26:05,800 a lot of excitement about space suits lately. 374 00:26:07,300 --> 00:26:10,400 But what about that iconic puffy marshmallow suit that we used 375 00:26:10,566 --> 00:26:12,200 to walk on the moon? 376 00:26:12,200 --> 00:26:16,200 This is what we call an Extravehicular Mobility Unit, or EMU. 377 00:26:16,333 --> 00:26:19,333 And these suits truly are in a class of their own. 378 00:26:20,033 --> 00:26:20,900 Since Apollo, 379 00:26:20,900 --> 00:26:24,566 we've retooled and reimagined what can be accomplished on a spacewalk. 380 00:26:24,966 --> 00:26:29,100 And the current spacesuit that NASA uses is based on a design that first flew 381 00:26:29,100 --> 00:26:33,866 in 1981 through rigorous maintenance, safety testing, and upgrades. 382 00:26:34,100 --> 00:26:37,733 This suit has allowed us to perform some incredibly monumental achievements 383 00:26:38,200 --> 00:26:41,133 in space, walk our way into the record books. 384 00:26:41,133 --> 00:26:45,600 You may have all come on different ships, but we're in the same boat now. 385 00:26:46,000 --> 00:26:48,633 A space suit is not something you simply wear. 386 00:26:48,633 --> 00:26:51,633 It's more like an astronaut's very own personal vehicle. 387 00:26:51,833 --> 00:26:54,866 A spacesuit is basically a self-contained environment. 388 00:26:54,900 --> 00:26:58,133 It is a mini spacecraft that is tightly wound around 389 00:26:58,133 --> 00:27:01,133 a human body, containing everything they need to survive. 390 00:27:01,400 --> 00:27:04,133 Because we are going back 391 00:27:04,133 --> 00:27:07,466 to the moon and on to Mars, exploration spacesuits 392 00:27:07,466 --> 00:27:11,700 have to solve the challenges from the past and anticipate those in the future. 393 00:27:11,766 --> 00:27:15,800 Some of the biggest environmental challenges that we're seeing 394 00:27:15,866 --> 00:27:19,933 is finding a balance between mobility and lunar dust. 395 00:27:20,233 --> 00:27:22,966 In other words, exploration is dirty work. 396 00:27:24,266 --> 00:27:26,333 Looks like you guys have been playing and I call them. 397 00:27:26,333 --> 00:27:28,933 I don't know how we will get it all to the best we can. 398 00:27:28,933 --> 00:27:30,166 Yeah, like, 399 00:27:30,166 --> 00:27:33,200 how are we going to clean these guys off before they're allowed to go back inside? 400 00:27:33,233 --> 00:27:34,900 There's many ways. 401 00:27:34,900 --> 00:27:37,566 And do we know if they work? We have to find out. 402 00:27:37,566 --> 00:27:40,800 And when your life depends on a good seal and perfectly performing 403 00:27:40,800 --> 00:27:43,800 fabrics, dust is kind of a big deal. 404 00:27:44,833 --> 00:27:45,600 Lunar regolith. 405 00:27:45,600 --> 00:27:49,533 It looks like it's it's just a fine grained material. 406 00:27:49,533 --> 00:27:52,033 When you when you see the pictures of the Apollo boots and it and stuff. 407 00:27:52,033 --> 00:27:56,566 But, you're going to see anywhere from broken rock shapes 408 00:27:57,266 --> 00:27:59,766 to fractured glass shapes. 409 00:27:59,766 --> 00:28:01,433 That's what it looks like under the microscope 410 00:28:01,433 --> 00:28:05,166 of such a small particle size range that it gets in everything. 411 00:28:05,500 --> 00:28:08,233 The Apollo missions only needed their suits to last 412 00:28:08,233 --> 00:28:11,266 for a few moonwalks, but these missions to the Moon 413 00:28:11,266 --> 00:28:15,200 and Mars could be weeks, months, and even years long demanding 414 00:28:15,200 --> 00:28:18,966 the most innovative solutions from NASA and our industry partners. 415 00:28:19,366 --> 00:28:24,733 Whether we put a protective layer, whether we are able to charge the suit 416 00:28:24,733 --> 00:28:29,866 to repel dust, there are multiple things that we're looking at. 417 00:28:29,966 --> 00:28:32,500 So we still have a lot of challenges and work. 418 00:28:32,500 --> 00:28:35,933 The original EMUs were designed for the astronauts of that era. 419 00:28:36,433 --> 00:28:39,900 Since then, our astronaut classes have become far more diverse, 420 00:28:39,900 --> 00:28:43,466 and the next generation of spacesuits can follow well suit. 421 00:28:44,633 --> 00:28:45,233 As NASA 422 00:28:45,233 --> 00:28:49,433 works together with industry partners on exploration spacesuits, follow along 423 00:28:49,466 --> 00:28:52,466 and be part of our journey to the moon 424 00:28:52,533 --> 00:28:55,533 and beyond. 425 00:28:55,833 --> 00:28:58,833 Thank you so much for tuning in to this year's International Observe 426 00:28:58,833 --> 00:29:02,533 the Moon Show, and for celebrating the moon with us, wherever you may be. 427 00:29:02,866 --> 00:29:07,633 Wishing you clear skies and see you on September 19th, 2026 for the next 428 00:29:07,633 --> 00:29:09,600 International Observe the Moon Night. 429 00:29:09,600 --> 00:29:12,600 See you later.