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[SHUMAN] We've been studying fire

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since before we had electricity,

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and so we do know a lot about fire.

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There's a lot of long-term knowledge

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about how fire behaves in a system,

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how fire is good for systems,

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and why we need fire.

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But there are still fundamental questions

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about how we can study fire, how

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we can detect fire,

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and where we can detect fire.

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There's a real need for,

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identifying technology that we can use.

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You know, here,

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on an aircraft or on a sensor as well

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as, tools and technology

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that we can use in Earth orbit

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to help support proactive

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wildland fire management.

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[SHUMAN] Fire is a natural part

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of the Earth's system.

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And because fire has been

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part of the Earth

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for so many thousands of years,

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we actually have fire adapted ecosystems.

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And so in areas

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where you have regular wildfire,

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you require fire

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for that system

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to be healthy and resilient.

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[FALKOWSKI] NASA FireSense is a project

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focused on developing

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and delivering NASA technology,

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including Earth observation data

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and modeling

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and science,

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to, land managers

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that manage wildland fire.

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[SHUMAN] This week

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we're partnering with Fort Stewart,

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which is in Georgia.

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And so an important part of the FireSense

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campaigns are these partnerships

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between a number of different types

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of, agencies and, collaborators.

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[HIERS] Everything we do,

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you know, on test and training

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ranges has potential, to start fires

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and mitigate that wildfire risk.

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We use a lot of prescribed fire, in fact,

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more than almost

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any other federal landowner.

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[SEANOR] By keeping these fuel levels

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so low like this,

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when we do have wildfires occur,

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they can be suppressed very easily.

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We don't have to interrupt

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military training.

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And then also on Fort Stewart,

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we have, several

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threatened, endangered species.

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This this whole ecosystem is fire

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dependent out here.

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And so by implementing

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prescribed fire on a

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2 to 3 year

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basis, that maintains that habitat

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for Red-cockaded

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woodecker, Gopher tortoise,

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Eastern indigo snake,

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all these species of concern like that.

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[HIERS] So this prescribed fires

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in support of critical research

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that allows us to test and evaluate,

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various satellites

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and airborne

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platforms to

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to look at and, and study fire.

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[FALKOWSKI] The multi-scale approach

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that we're employing here at Fort

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Stewart is something

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that we've been trying to do

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in the fire science community

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for a long time,

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and it's a very difficult thing to do

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when you're working with fire

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that's very dynamic,

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getting everything to align

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along with the satellite

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observations is sort of been

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the holy grail

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in fire science for a long time. it's

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[FURMAN] Let's go ahead and get settled in

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so we can get started on time.

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[FOWLER] The moving parts have been consistent,

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and there's quite a bit,

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and it tends to get complicated

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in the air space

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[SEANOR] It's really systematic.

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It starts right at the beginning

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before we even leave the office.

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Based on that weather forecast

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and ensuring

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that everything is going to meet

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those prescription parameters,

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[FOWLER] On the spot

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weather forecast up to 18 on the ground.

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But they're they're going to try

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to get the burn done

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before humidity goes down too low.

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[FOWLER] Particularly with NASA,

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safety is our top mission,

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and we have a lot of reviews.

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And we're going to look at the details

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to the nth degree.

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[SEANOR] Ensuring that in the burn briefing

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again before we leave the office,

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ensuring that everything is prepped

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the way it needs to be, ensuring

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that we're going to be able

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to keep that burn in this block,

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[FOWLER] They're going to burn fast

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like they say every day.

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And it sounded like

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they're going to try to get out there

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and start burning within probably

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the next 40 minutes.

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[WIIG] Test, test.

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[SEANOR] And then getting

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out on site

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and putting that first bit of fire

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on the ground,

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ensuring the test fire,

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is indicating

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that the rest of the burn is going to go

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as we want it to. And,

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gonna work through the whole process.

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[TERA-TORCH OPERATING]

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[SEANOR] Once that burn boss

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is comfortable with the distance

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that fire has backed off into the woods,

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he'll call in our helicopter,

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It'll come fly, fly the perimeter, check

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everything out, assess the fire behavior,

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and the firing boss in the helicopter

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will communicate with the burn boss.

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And based on the fire behavior

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that they're both seeing,

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they'll start igniting that

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with the helicopter.

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[BURN BOSS] Roger, sounds good.

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Yeah, it's burning real well.

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[HELICOPTER PILOT] Sound good.

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[FOWLER] We, had to transit about an hour

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to get on target.

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And so we were always

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trying to get ahead of,

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making our briefings,

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then getting the aircraft off on time

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so that we could coordinate

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to meet up with the ignition

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helicopter that was,

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burning the unit.

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[SEANOR] There's a machine called a Plastic

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Sphere Dispenser in the helicopter

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that drops a little ping pong ball

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sized, balls out of there,

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and they contain potassium

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permanganate inside of them.

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And when they run through machine,

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they're injected with glycol

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for a delayed chemical reaction.

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About 30 to 40s

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after they leave that machine,

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they'll just

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ignite in a very low intensity

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fire and help

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just grid out the whole unit.

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[FOWLER] We were over top to capture

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at the beginning of the burn,

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all the way through the end of the burn.

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[SEANOR] This whole unit,

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this whole 12 to 1300 acres

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will be burned in about 45 minutes.

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It's extremely efficient.

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[SHUMAN] That's really amazing.

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That you can see it

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at that level of detail.

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[FOWLER] Do you see the plane?

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[SHUMAN] Oh. That's cool.

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There it is.

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[SHUMAN] So it just updated!

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[SHUMAN] So, within FireSense on

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the field campaigns for 2025

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we have coordinated satellite,

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so sensors within Earth orbit,

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we have three crewed aircraft

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with four sensors on board

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looking at information

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before the fire happens, during the fire,

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and after the fire.

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And each of those sensors

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looks at different aspects of the system.

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And so they're giving you

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different information.

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So you can use that all together.

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And then we have ground sensors.

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And so all of these pieces together,

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we can use those to improve models,

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in the long-term.

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And then we can use them immediately

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to give information to burn crews

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so they know if they need to add

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more lines of ignition

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to a prescribed fire,

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or if they need to add

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resources to one side

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so that they can help contain a fire.

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It gives them information

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that they need immediately in real-time.

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[SEANOR] And anything that provides us

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extra data for our decision

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making for our why,

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our why we did this this particular day.

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Anything that can help back up

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that decision making process

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is extremely beneficial.

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[ANDERSON] All this knowledge that

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some of it has been broken

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traditionally over the years

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or separated.

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But there's some cultures

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in the United States,

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and certainly

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in other parts of the world,

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that continued their way of burning.

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And now we have science

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in a way, validating

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what happened

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and what is happening.

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And I think it'll help us in the future.

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[HIERS] So much of what we manage,

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across the continental United States

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depends on remote sensing.

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And so we hope that this effort validates

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those remote sensing

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platforms and allows,

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organizations like NASA and,

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and its FireSense campaign

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to really support the broader

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wildland fire community,

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the broader fire community

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and the urban interface

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by, by really providing

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real-time

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assets with,

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with quality control

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validation in the field,

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so that as, as we,

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you know, address

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the nation's wildfire challenges,

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we do so with the best

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available tools and technology.

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[BENDER] All right.

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We’re on.

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So I am going to check that

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the shift disk. Shift disk is mounted.

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[SHUMAN] One of the exciting parts

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of this, spring

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2025 campaign for FireSense

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is we're getting feedback

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on real-time data.

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And so, one of those systems is the

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NASA, JPL AVIRIS-3 system.

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We have real-time spectroscopic products.

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And what that gives us is a picture of,

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what's happening during a fire.

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And so you can see

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active fire progression.

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Every couple of minutes

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it will give you a picture

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of where the fire is.

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Right now

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we're getting feedback

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through a technician who is on the ground

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that can then talk to the burn crew

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on the fire line and provide feedback on

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what's useful, what they like,

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and then make adjustments.

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[MISTICK] AVIRIS-3 is a digital sensor.

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And unlike a digital camera

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that shows us, you know, a regular image,

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we are able to see many more wavelengths

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00:08:58.838 --> 00:08:59.372
with AVIRIS

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00:08:59.372 --> 00:09:01.807
because they use a diffraction grating

296
00:09:01.807 --> 00:09:03.409
that's able to split the light

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00:09:03.409 --> 00:09:05.044
into these hundreds of wavelengths

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00:09:05.044 --> 00:09:06.846
instead of just a few.

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[BENDER] What we're doing

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is we're measuring the light

301
00:09:08.381 --> 00:09:10.349
from the ground or sunlight

302
00:09:10.349 --> 00:09:11.551
reflected from the ground.

303
00:09:11.551 --> 00:09:13.753
So we're not sending any signal down

304
00:09:13.753 --> 00:09:14.520
from the instrument,

305
00:09:14.520 --> 00:09:16.422
but everything that's from

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00:09:16.422 --> 00:09:17.723
the Earth's surface

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00:09:17.723 --> 00:09:18.691
is coming up

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and through this window

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00:09:20.860 --> 00:09:21.894
into the instrument.

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[MISTICK] This is brand new,

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00:09:23.229 --> 00:09:24.397
especially at this pace.

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00:09:24.397 --> 00:09:27.400
So the 3 to 5 minute downlink of data is,

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00:09:27.733 --> 00:09:28.634
is really cutting edge.

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And it's really exciting

315
00:09:29.535 --> 00:09:32.605
to have that near-real-time, product

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that we're able to provide

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00:09:33.773 --> 00:09:34.774
to the Foresters

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00:09:34.774 --> 00:09:36.108
and the fire managers on the ground.

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00:09:37.777 --> 00:09:38.511
On our

320
00:09:38.511 --> 00:09:39.712
campaign a few weeks ago,

321
00:09:39.712 --> 00:09:40.880
I was able to

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00:09:40.880 --> 00:09:42.248
spot new wildfires

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00:09:42.248 --> 00:09:44.584
while they were, flying.

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00:09:44.584 --> 00:09:46.719
[FOWLER] We ended up flying more wildfires

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00:09:46.719 --> 00:09:48.554
than we initially had anticipated.

326
00:09:48.554 --> 00:09:49.622
But that was also due

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00:09:49.622 --> 00:09:51.123
because due to the weather

328
00:09:51.123 --> 00:09:52.758
and the situation that was happening,

329
00:09:52.758 --> 00:09:54.560
we gave our sensor teams and our pilots

330
00:09:54.560 --> 00:09:55.361
some ability

331
00:09:55.361 --> 00:09:57.129
to make corrections in the air.

332
00:09:57.129 --> 00:09:58.130
And we had communication

333
00:09:58.130 --> 00:09:59.699
with our, with our teams

334
00:09:59.699 --> 00:10:01.133
so that we could be dynamic

335
00:10:01.133 --> 00:10:02.001
and be

336
00:10:02.001 --> 00:10:03.636
really responsive to this

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00:10:03.636 --> 00:10:05.671
very unplanned environment.

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00:10:05.671 --> 00:10:07.239
[MISTICK] I was able to pull that data down

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00:10:07.239 --> 00:10:08.174
within a few minutes

340
00:10:08.174 --> 00:10:10.977
and provide maps of new starts

341
00:10:10.977 --> 00:10:12.912
to forestry managers

342
00:10:12.912 --> 00:10:13.579
on the ground

343
00:10:13.579 --> 00:10:15.982
who are able to deploy resources

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00:10:15.982 --> 00:10:17.049
to these wildfires.

345
00:10:17.049 --> 00:10:18.618
So in that context,

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00:10:18.618 --> 00:10:19.752
that near-real-time

347
00:10:19.752 --> 00:10:21.587
pace, is really critical

348
00:10:21.587 --> 00:10:23.422
for deploying resources

349
00:10:23.422 --> 00:10:25.291
and, managing those wildfires

350
00:10:25.291 --> 00:10:26.759
and protecting, property

351
00:10:26.759 --> 00:10:27.727
and things like that.

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00:10:28.794 --> 00:10:29.929
[SHUMAN] With satellite

353
00:10:29.929 --> 00:10:30.796
collection,

354
00:10:30.796 --> 00:10:32.198
you have to identify the time

355
00:10:32.198 --> 00:10:34.200
that the satellite is passing over.

356
00:10:34.200 --> 00:10:36.168
And so you get persistent coverage

357
00:10:36.168 --> 00:10:37.703
with crewed aircraft

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00:10:37.703 --> 00:10:39.905
in comparison to a satellite.

359
00:10:39.905 --> 00:10:40.840
[FALKOWSKI] We might get 2 to 4

360
00:10:40.840 --> 00:10:42.875
looks at a at a fire per day,

361
00:10:42.875 --> 00:10:43.809
which, you know,

362
00:10:43.809 --> 00:10:45.411
is really useful information,

363
00:10:45.411 --> 00:10:46.512
but it doesn't have that

364
00:10:46.512 --> 00:10:48.180
high temporal frequency,

365
00:10:48.180 --> 00:10:49.482
when we can, can do this

366
00:10:49.482 --> 00:10:51.917
from aircraft and send data down

367
00:10:51.917 --> 00:10:53.919
almost immediately from the plane,

368
00:10:53.919 --> 00:10:54.887
we get that added,

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00:10:54.887 --> 00:10:56.188
perspective of,

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00:10:56.188 --> 00:10:57.156
of delivering that

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00:10:57.156 --> 00:10:58.891
higher resolution time information.

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00:11:02.628 --> 00:11:05.231
[SHUMAN] Fire is a mobile disturbance.

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00:11:05.231 --> 00:11:06.699
And so fire impacts

374
00:11:06.699 --> 00:11:08.401
all aspects of the Earth system.

375
00:11:08.401 --> 00:11:10.403
It's going to impact the soil.

376
00:11:10.403 --> 00:11:12.371
It's going to impact the vegetation.

377
00:11:12.371 --> 00:11:13.806
It creates smoke,

378
00:11:13.806 --> 00:11:15.608
which is then carried through the air.

379
00:11:15.608 --> 00:11:17.510
So it impacts our atmosphere.

380
00:11:17.510 --> 00:11:19.045
The fire behavior itself

381
00:11:19.045 --> 00:11:20.846
generates its own weather.

382
00:11:20.846 --> 00:11:21.414
And so

383
00:11:21.414 --> 00:11:22.348
because of all

384
00:11:22.348 --> 00:11:23.482
of these different systems,

385
00:11:23.482 --> 00:11:24.617
we need

386
00:11:24.617 --> 00:11:26.819
different scientists who have expertise

387
00:11:26.819 --> 00:11:28.521
in all of these pieces

388
00:11:28.521 --> 00:11:32.591
and so on campaigns, we have integrated teams

389
00:11:32.758 --> 00:11:34.727
So that we have integrated data.

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00:11:34.727 --> 00:11:36.095
[HIERS] Collaboration is built

391
00:11:36.095 --> 00:11:37.563
into fire management.

392
00:11:37.563 --> 00:11:39.231
Whether it's, the initial attack

393
00:11:39.231 --> 00:11:40.933
mutual aid response,

394
00:11:40.933 --> 00:11:42.668
or research and development,

395
00:11:42.668 --> 00:11:44.036
we all bring certain

396
00:11:44.036 --> 00:11:46.172
perspectives, tools, technology

397
00:11:46.172 --> 00:11:47.006
to research

398
00:11:47.006 --> 00:11:48.340
and in this case to be able

399
00:11:48.340 --> 00:11:49.442
to deploy them together

400
00:11:49.442 --> 00:11:50.543
gives us synergies

401
00:11:50.543 --> 00:11:52.078
that just would not be possible

402
00:11:52.078 --> 00:11:52.912
if we go it alone.

403
00:11:52.912 --> 00:11:54.346
[SHUMAN] The way that FireSense will be

404
00:11:54.346 --> 00:11:56.015
successful is by working

405
00:11:56.015 --> 00:11:58.150
directly with local partners

406
00:11:58.150 --> 00:12:00.119
so that we can support decision

407
00:12:00.119 --> 00:12:02.054
making that they're doing on the ground.

408
00:12:02.054 --> 00:12:02.655
[ANDERSON] In other words,

409
00:12:02.655 --> 00:12:04.123
this helps us flatten out

410
00:12:04.123 --> 00:12:05.558
the training curve

411
00:12:05.558 --> 00:12:07.159
you know, fires are getting more

412
00:12:07.159 --> 00:12:08.661
and more intense, more and more severe.

413
00:12:08.661 --> 00:12:10.796
And in places where they

414
00:12:10.796 --> 00:12:11.697
it's been rare

415
00:12:11.697 --> 00:12:13.165
historically for them to be.

416
00:12:13.165 --> 00:12:15.501
So the next generation of fire scientists

417
00:12:15.501 --> 00:12:16.669
and firefighters,

418
00:12:16.669 --> 00:12:18.671
are going to have to have something

419
00:12:18.671 --> 00:12:19.672
to anchor into

420
00:12:19.672 --> 00:12:20.940
as they progressed in the future

421
00:12:20.940 --> 00:12:22.708
in changing conditions