WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:04.971 NASA is celebrating Hubble’s 35th birthday 2 00:00:04.971 --> 00:00:07.340 with an assortment of breathtaking images   3 00:00:07.340 --> 00:00:10.276 recently taken by the space telescope:  4 00:00:10.276 --> 00:00:11.911 stretching from the planet Mars,  5 00:00:11.911 --> 00:00:14.681 to spectacular star-forming regions,  6 00:00:14.681 --> 00:00:18.051 to a magnificent neighboring galaxy. 7 00:00:18.051 --> 00:00:24.057 The first birthday image shows  the planetary nebula NGC 2899,   8 00:00:24.057 --> 00:00:27.193 located about 4,500 light-years away 9 00:00:27.193 --> 00:00:31.197 in the southern constellation Vela. A hot white dwarf,   10 00:00:31.197 --> 00:00:34.734 possibly with companion stars, drives powerful 11 00:00:34.734 --> 00:00:39.272 outflows of gas that shape the nebula’s bipolar structure. 12 00:00:39.272 --> 00:00:42.809 Gaseous pillars point back toward  the source of radiation 13 00:00:42.809 --> 00:00:44.210 and stellar winds,  14 00:00:44.210 --> 00:00:49.182 and the vivid colors come from  glowing hydrogen and oxygen. 15 00:00:49.182 --> 00:00:56.122 Hubble also captured a detailed face-on view of galaxy NGC 5335. 16 00:00:56.122 --> 00:00:58.792 Unlike typical spiral galaxies,  17 00:00:58.792 --> 00:01:01.961 it lacks well-defined arms and features a 18 00:01:01.961 --> 00:01:05.231 prominent bar stretching across its center.  19 00:01:05.231 --> 00:01:10.637 This bar funnels gas toward the core, fueling star formation. 20 00:01:10.637 --> 00:01:12.872 Bars can appear and fade over  21 00:01:12.872 --> 00:01:17.110 billions of years, and they’re found in about 30 percent of galaxies, 22 00:01:17.110 --> 00:01:19.746 including our own Milky Way. 23 00:01:19.746 --> 00:01:24.250 This Hubble image captures a small section of the Rosette Nebula, 24 00:01:24.250 --> 00:01:28.188 a vast star-forming region 100 light-years across 25 00:01:28.188 --> 00:01:31.291 and located 5,200 light-years away. 26 00:01:31.291 --> 00:01:35.028 Hubble zooms in on a 4-light-year-wide slice, 27 00:01:35.028 --> 00:01:38.832 revealing dark hydrogen clouds laced with dust. 28 00:01:38.832 --> 00:01:41.434 These clouds are being sculpted by intense 29 00:01:41.434 --> 00:01:46.272 radiation from a cluster of massive stars at the nebula’s center. 30 00:01:46.272 --> 00:01:48.374 In the upper right, a young star  31 00:01:48.374 --> 00:01:51.845 at the tip of a dark cloud shoots out plasma jets 32 00:01:51.845 --> 00:01:54.948 that slam into surrounding gas, creating 33 00:01:54.948 --> 00:01:57.317 a glowing red shock wave. 34 00:01:57.317 --> 00:02:02.388 The colors in the image come from hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. 35 00:02:02.388 --> 00:02:06.426 The final anniversary images show two sides of Mars 36 00:02:06.426 --> 00:02:09.496 from about 61 million miles away.  37 00:02:09.496 --> 00:02:14.033 Ultraviolet light reveals thin water-ice clouds, 38 00:02:14.033 --> 00:02:16.503 giving the red planet a frosty look. 39 00:02:16.503 --> 00:02:21.841 The icy northern polar cap is entering  spring. At the 10 o’clock position,   40 00:02:21.841 --> 00:02:26.513 the giant volcano Olympus Mons rises above the clouds, 41 00:02:26.513 --> 00:02:29.582 towering 70,000 feet high,  42 00:02:29.582 --> 00:02:33.186 or 2.5 times taller than Mt. Everest. 43 00:02:33.186 --> 00:02:37.590 The dark streak near center-left is Valles Marineris,   44 00:02:37.590 --> 00:02:41.327 a 2,500-mile-long canyon system. 45 00:02:41.327 --> 00:02:46.299 On the right, high-altitude evening clouds hug the eastern limb,   46 00:02:46.299 --> 00:02:52.539 while the 1,400-mile-wide Hellas  Basin lies far to the south. 47 00:02:52.539 --> 00:02:57.343 Because Hubble orbits above Earth’s  atmosphere, it can give us these clear   48 00:02:57.343 --> 00:03:00.346 views of the many wonders in our universe. 49 00:03:00.346 --> 00:03:03.750 For 35 years, the Hubble Space Telescope has   50 00:03:03.750 --> 00:03:06.019 transformed our view of the universe 51 00:03:06.019 --> 00:03:09.722 and deepened our understanding of our place within it. 52 00:03:09.722 --> 00:03:13.092 From refining the estimated age of the cosmos 53 00:03:13.092 --> 00:03:15.828 to measuring how quickly it’s expanding,  54 00:03:15.828 --> 00:03:19.899 Hubble has helped answer some of  astronomy’s biggest questions. 55 00:03:19.899 --> 00:03:25.271 Its deep field images allow us to  peer across billions of light-years,   56 00:03:25.271 --> 00:03:28.708 revealing galaxies in their earliest stages:   57 00:03:28.708 --> 00:03:31.611 snapshots we can compare to the Milky Way 58 00:03:31.611 --> 00:03:34.380 to learn more about our own galactic history.  59 00:03:34.380 --> 00:03:37.517 Hubble also continues to explore activity within 60 00:03:37.517 --> 00:03:39.986 our own solar system and beyond,  61 00:03:39.986 --> 00:03:44.357 capturing details of distant planets, stars, and systems 62 00:03:44.357 --> 00:03:46.960 throughout the galaxy and the universe. 63 00:03:46.960 --> 00:03:49.796 Its scientific capabilities are used jointly 64 00:03:49.796 --> 00:03:52.865 and collaboratively with those of other telescopes   65 00:03:52.865 --> 00:03:54.867 on the ground and in space, 66 00:03:54.867 --> 00:03:57.570 including the James Webb Space Telescope, 67 00:03:57.570 --> 00:03:59.872 the Chandra X-ray Observatory, 68 00:03:59.872 --> 00:04:02.909 the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, 69 00:04:02.909 --> 00:04:05.678 the X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission,  70 00:04:05.678 --> 00:04:08.481 and the upcoming Roman Space Telescope, 71 00:04:08.481 --> 00:04:12.218 ensuring cutting edge science and discovery. 72 00:04:12.218 --> 00:04:14.721 Thanks to five astronaut servicing missions 73 00:04:14.721 --> 00:04:18.291 and ongoing support from expert teams on the ground,   74 00:04:18.291 --> 00:04:20.426 Hubble remains in excellent health 75 00:04:20.426 --> 00:04:22.562 and is expected to deliver groundbreaking   76 00:04:22.562 --> 00:04:26.699 science for years to come. Explore more about Hubble’s   77 00:04:26.699 --> 00:05:00.566 discoveries at nasa.gov/hubble and  follow along on social media @NASAHubble.