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- More than 50 years, eight
satellites, millions of images,

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millions of stories.

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For over half a century,

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Landsat satellites have been
watching over our planet from

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space, a lasting partnership between NASA

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and the US Geological Survey that's

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provided an invaluable historic record

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of earth's changing landscapes
from the lush green canopies

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of the Amazon Forest to the SunEd Sands

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of the Saharan Desert.

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Images captured by Landsat
have offered us a unique

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perspective of our
world's diverse landscapes

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and how they're changing.

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But the dazzling Landsat imagery
you are seeing right now is

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only one piece of a much larger puzzle

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that Lant data helps us put together.

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Imagine if you could see
beyond what's visible

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to the human eye beyond
the visible spectrum,

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like the ability to detect heat, moisture,

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and even chemical compositions.

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It sounds impressive because it is,

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and that's exactly what
Landsat was made for.

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Our eyes can only see in a small part

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of the electromagnetic
spectrum, a narrow band

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of colors we call visible light.

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But Landsat satellites go

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beyond capturing solar
energy reflected off

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of earth's surface and the
visible spectrum, as well

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as infrared and thermal energy.

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By detecting light in specific
ranges of wavelengths,

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commonly referred to as spectrum bands,

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Landsat gives us insights
into our world that would

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otherwise be invisible to the human eye.

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For example, let's say we want

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to monitor the health of crops.

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Healthy plants reflect near
infrared light strongly while

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unhealthy or stressed.

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Plants reflect much less in
this part of the spectrum.

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By observing changes
in near infrared light.

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Landsat can help farmers identify

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where crops may be stressed.

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Helping them take action

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for a minor issue develops
into a major problem.

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The first generation of Landsat
satellites, Landsats one,

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two, and three, we're able

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to capture data across four
spectral bands in the visible

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and near infrared regions, thanks

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to its revolutionary
multi-spectral scanner.

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Over the decades, each new generation

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of Landsat satellites
has increased the number

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and variety of spectral bands.

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Its instruments can observe
enhancing our ability

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to monitor earth surface in
greater depth and detail.

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Today, Landsats eight

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and nine orbit our planet
capturing data across 11 spectral

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bands that allows us to
monitor vegetation health,

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assess water quality, map,
land use, and much, much more.

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And as the USGS and NASA prepare

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for the next chapter in the
Landsat program, they're looking

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to bring Earth observation
into a brand new era...

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...with Landsat 10

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Building on the existing
11 bands of Landsats 8 & 9

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the Landsat 10 mission
will be super spectral,

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adding 15 spectral
bands carefully selected

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to meet emerging needs

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and unlock new applications
to benefit humanity.

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Let's take a close look at

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how these new spectral
bands will revolutionize our

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understanding of planet Earth.

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The first band on the list,

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band one is located at the beginning

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of the spectrum of visible light.

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This band is specially designed

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to detect fine particles in the
atmosphere like dust, smoke,

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or pollution, making it an essential tool

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for monitoring air quality.

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It can also be used to
capture subtle details

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and shallow coastal waters,

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helping scientists track sediment levels

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and study water quality near shores.

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As we move to the right
on the spectrum, we come

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to bands six and seven right at the edge

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of the visible light range.

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These new bands are designed

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to uncover hidden details in
water bodies like tracking the

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spread of algal blooms,

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or measuring the amount of
suspended sediment in rivers

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and lakes by measuring how light interacts

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with particles in the water.

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These bands provide valuable
insights into water quality

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and ecosystem health.

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And by detecting the color
of the algal pigment,

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Landsat 10 will be able
to spot toxic algal blooms,

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which can contaminate drinking
water, harm aquatic life,

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and pose serious health risks to humans.

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While bands six and seven
focus on the quality

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of our water systems.

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Bands five, nine

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and 10 shift our attention to the land,

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specifically the plants
that sustain life on earth.

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These bands span the visible

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and near infrared ranges of the spectrum

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and are designed to dive
deep into the details

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of vegetation health, allowing scientists

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to measure key indicators
like the chlorophyll levels,

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nitrogen content in plants,

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and the leaf area index a measurement

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of the total leaf surface area
relative to the ground area.

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With this critical information,
we can detect early signs

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of plant stress, such as drought

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or nutrient deficiencies, even
before they become visible.

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Bands 13

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through 16 take us higher
revealing critical insights about

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our atmosphere and the snow covered

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landscapes of our planet.

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These bands are windows into the skies

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and snowy terrains

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of earth measuring
atmospheric water vapor,

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and an important factor for adjusting

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and enhancing the accuracy
of satellite imagery.

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By understanding how
water vapor affects light,

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scientists can ensure the data
collected from other bands is

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clear and precise.

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These bands also provide
detailed insights into snow,

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grain size, and surface conditions,

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helping us monitor snow pack
levels and melting patterns.

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Information vital

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for predicting water
availability in regions

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that depend on snowed rivers.

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Bands 19 through 21 situated
in the short wave infrared

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region of the electromagnetic
spectrum bring us

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back down to earth.

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Uncovering the hidden
stories in soil, plants

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and agricultural practices,
these bands are finely tuned

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to detect specific light
absorption patterns

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that reveal the presence of
cellulose in plant material.

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This unique capability allows scientists

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to monitor crop residues left on fields

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after harvest, which is a key practice in

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conservation tillage.

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By tracking these residues, we can assess

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how much organic material is
being returned to the soil,

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a critical factor in soil
health and carbon sequestration.

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Healthy soils not only support
sustainable agriculture,

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but also play a vital role
in combating climate change

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by locking away carbon that would

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otherwise enter the atmosphere.

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Moving into the thermal
infrared region of the spectrum,

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bands 22 through 26 turn up the heat,

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providing groundbreaking insights
into surface temperatures

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and the hidden compositions
of Earth's materials.

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These bands provide incredibly
accurate heat measurements

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that are essential for
studying urban heat islands,

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drought conditions, and
agricultural water use.

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But these bands don't stop at temperature.

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They also detect subtle variations in

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how different materials like soil

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and rocks reflect thermal
energy, making them invaluable

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for mapping mineral deposits,
analyzing land composition,

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and studying the effects of
natural resource extraction.

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From coastal water quality
to vegetation health,

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soil composition,

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and precise surface temperatures,
the added spectral bands

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of Landsat 10 will unlock a world

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of new possibilities and new science.

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Each band is like a unique lens,

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providing deeper insights
into the complexities

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of our planet, whether it's
monitoring the health of crops,

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tracking atmospheric changes,
assessing soil carbon,

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or uncovering mineral
resources with Landsat 10,

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we're not just adding new bands,

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we're building on the legacy
of other Landsat missions

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and enhancing our ability
to understand our planet.

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Whether it's tracking algal blooms

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or monitoring snowpack,

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the added spectral bands on
Landsat 10 will open doors

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to a future where we
can monitor, understand,

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and protect Earth like never before.

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Landsat has always been our
window into Earth's story

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and with Landsat 10, that
story is about to get clearer

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and more colorful than ever.