WEBVTT FILE

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[graphics on screen]

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[Music]

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♪ There you go, you got me believing ♪

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♪ In the power of a moonlit night. ♪

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♪ All I know is you give me that feelin' ♪

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♪ Like I never want to tell you lies. ♪

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♪ And I just wanna take a chance ♪

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♪ Never let go of your hand ♪

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♪ Travel to the stars and back with you. ♪

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♪ On another moonlit night ♪

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♪ Can you feel the magic here tonight? ♪

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♪ The hours seem to fly ♪

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♪ But hearts like yours and mine ♪

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♪ Always beat in perfect time - ♪

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♪ To the music of a moonlit night. ♪♪

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[Music]

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Welcome everyone to NASA’s International Observe the Moon Night broadcast.

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I’m your host Andrea Jones,

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and I’m here at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland

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to help guide you through a great program.

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International Observe the Moon Night is a day each year that we invite everyone on Earth to observe the Moon,

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to learn about the Moon, and to honor the cultural and personal connections we have to the Moon.

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It’s a day to catch up on what's been happening in lunar science and exploration,

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to celebrate the Moon in our arts and culture,

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and for lunar enthusiasts around the world to connect.

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This is our 13th International Observe the Moon Night, and we are so glad that you are here with us.

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While you are watching, or after the broadcast, you can check out our website: moon.nasa.gov/observe.

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Here you’ll find lots of information and resources, some creative observing ideas –

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because you can observe the Moon with senses other than sight -

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and our map of lunar observers around the world.

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You can add yourself to this map by registering!

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You can also find out how other people are participating,

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and share your own pictures and experiences, in the International Observe the Moon Night Flickr gallery

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and by using the #ObserveTheMoon hashtag wherever you are on social media.

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International Observe the Moon Night was inspired by events

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celebrating the arrival of NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter

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and NASA’s Lunar Crater Observing and Sensing Satellite, or LCROSS,

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at the Moon in 2009.

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Since then, LCROSS has successfully completed its mission

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and LRO continues to teach us new things about the Moon.

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I’m going to pass things over to the Project Scientist for LRO, Dr. Noah Petro,

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who will give an update on what’s been happening with the spacecraft and the mission.

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Hi! I'm Noah Petro, lunar enthusiast and project scientist for NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter,

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a spacecraft we call LRO.

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Imagine for a moment that you're about to take a long road trip.

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What sorts of information might you want to have before you go on that trip?

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You probably want to know the path, the route that you'll take, you’ll want to know where you can refuel,

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and where you can get out and stretch your legs and take in the view.

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Well, in 2009 NASA sent LRO to do just that for the Moon -

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to create a high-resolution digital atlas of our nearest neighbor in space.

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On LRO we have instruments that collect high resolution images, map the topography of the Moon,

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better than any other object in the solar system and tell us where those valuable resources exist at and near the lunar surface.

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In short, LRO has ushered in a completely new era in our understanding of the Moon,

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how it changes and how it existed maybe four and a half billion years ago.

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With this data we're prepared for a new generation of lunar explorers to get back to the lunar surface.

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Both human and robotic explorers will use the data from LRO to not only safely navigate the lunar surface

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but conduct some of the most sophisticated science investigations of any planetary surface ever.

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Now what do you do when you've done all those exciting things at the Moon?

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Well, you prepare for other explorers. And over the next three years LRO has a new mission in store.

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So, let's learn a little bit more about that mission by watching this video let's take a look!

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This year the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter celebrates 13 years

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of orbit around our Moon.

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And in that time, it has collected over a petabyte of data -

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the largest volume ever collected

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by a planetary science mission at NASA.

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Due to its success and continued operational abilities,

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NASA has awarded the spacecraft an additional

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extended mission phase so that it can continue

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gathering critical information on the Moon

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and help pave the way for future lunar missions.

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Going forward, the LRO mission will have four main areas of focus.

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The first is the study of volatiles, which are chemicals

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that easily evaporate or vaporize, such as water.

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In terms of lunar exploration, volatiles will be useful

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for things like creating rocket fuel

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and making oxygen to breathe.

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So they are a primary resource

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that future astronauts will depend on having.

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LRO will continue to provide new data for identifying which areas

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are rich in volatiles, and for clueing us in to how they may

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move around the lunar surface.

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Current LRO data suggests they may be frozen in

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permanently shadowed craters, in areas that receive some sunlight,

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and may be chemically locked in minerals on the Moon.

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This is helping pave the way for future missions like VIPER,

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which will send a robotic rover to explore an area near

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the lunar South Pole,

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and ultimately, the astronaut-led Artemis missions.

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The second area of focus is on the Moon’s interior,

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volcanic features and the tectonics of the Moon’s surface –

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because understanding the lunar surface requires knowledge

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of what’s been going on underneath.

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Scientists want to figure out when the Moon

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was last volcanically active, and how current geologic processes,

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like moonquakes, could affect the safety of future exploration.

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They’ll do these things by studying lobate scarps,

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as well as deep crustal and mantle composition

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that are exposed at the surface.

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Studying the Moon’s history of volcanism and tectonics

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will also inform us about other planetary bodies

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in our solar system and beyond.

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The third area of focus is on the Moon’s surface –

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its regolith and impact craters.

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We want to know how impact craters break down,

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and if different ejected materials might degrade at different rates.

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These studies will give us a better understanding of the mineral

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and chemical makeup of the lunar surface and subsurface.

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This information can tell us how the Moon has changed

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over hundreds of millions, or billions of years.

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Studying the Moon’s regolith and impact craters

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also informs scientists about space weathering,

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which can help similar studies looking at the Earth,

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as well as on places like Mars, Mercury, or even asteroids.

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The last focus area for LRO going forward

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is support for future missions.

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NASA has plans for numerous missions to go

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to the lunar surface during LRO’s extended phase.

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Sending missions to the lunar surface requires planning,

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not only to build the mission,

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but to find safe and interesting landing sites.

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LRO is in a unique position to directly assist

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with some of those operations and science objectives.

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LRO can help identify landing sites by making maps

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that tell us what the surface is like,

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where there may be hazards to landers,

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and where there are interesting features to explore.

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LRO is also capable of helping landed missions

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get simultaneous measurements from orbit

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while they gather data from the surface.

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After studying the Moon for 13 years, LRO has proven to be

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one of NASA’s most valuable tools for advancing lunar science.

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And as it continues collecting data, the spacecraft helps

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lead the way for future exploration of our Moon.

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[Music]

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Hi. I'm Surabhi,

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I'm Zoe.

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I'm Ben.

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I'm Chloe. And I'm Samuel.

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We are amateur astronomers.

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We are currently observing from Roundwood
County Wicklow, Ireland's highest village.

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Here is how we observe the Moon.
Or, as we say in Irish, “feachaint ar an ngealach”

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We are ready for Artemis!

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Hi. I'm Marry. I'm Erica.

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And I'm Frank. And we're from the Center
for Astrophysics, a collaboration between

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the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
and the Harvard College Observatory.

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Our favorite way to observe
the Moon is with the MicroObservatory

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Robotic Telescope Network. A network of telescopes
like this one in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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We also have telescopes in Arizona,
and even Chile.

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So join us observing at microobservatory.org.

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Choose - observing with NASA portal -

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select the target Moon
and an email of your picture

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of the Moon will arrive the next day. So join us!

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Hello, everyone.

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We are the NDLOVU choir from South Africa.

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And we are so excited to be celebrating an International Observe the Moon Night with . . . NASA!

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Welcome back! The Moon is near first quarter today,

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which means you can find it in the afternoon and evening sky.

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It’s a great phase to observe the Moon through a telescope or pair of binoculars.

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The line between day and night, which is called the terminator,

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is a great place to see the rugged lunar terrain really pop out.

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There are long shadows from crater rims and mountain peaks that are as high, or higher, than what we have on Earth!

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With a telescope you can catch glimpses of volcanoes, fractures, or big cracks, in the Moon’s surface,

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and even winding channels carved by lava!

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But you don’t need a telescope or pair of binoculars to observe the Moon.

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With just your eyes you can see dark and light patches.

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The dark patches are plains of solid lava called maria—the Latin word for seas—

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and the light patches are the rugged lunar highlands.

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There is a lot to learn from observing the lunar surface.

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Take a look at this next video for a view of an interesting site.

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[Music]

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Ariadaeus Rille is one of the Moon’s best examples

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of a straight rille.

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Running roughly east to west,

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it appears as a great fracture in the lunar crust,

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measuring about 220 kilometers long, 4 kilometers wide,

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and 0.8 kilometers deep.

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This is an example of a graben, where a long block of land

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drops down between two parallel faults.

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It may have been formed by a rising dyke of magma

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wedging open a crack in the lunar crust.

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[Music fades]

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[Music]

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Studying the Moon allows us to peer back into history in a number of ways.

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By studying the Moon’s geologic history, we can learn about its formation, and what happened over time,

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as well as about the geologic history of the Earth, and other Moons and planets in our solar system.

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NASA’s Apollo program made history by bringing the first humans to the lunar surface,

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allowing us to experience, first-hand, what the Moon is really like.

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This year marks the 50th anniversary of Apollo 17,

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which was the last of the Apollo missions to visit the lunar surface.

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It’s an incredible milestone, and this next set of videos will help us see how that history connects with our current exploration

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of the Moon, and what is coming in the future.

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Take a look!

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Later this year, Apollo 17
astronaut and geologist Jack

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Schmitt will mark fifty
years since his first steps on

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the Moon in December 1972. Those
footprints left an impression on

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both the Moon and on Schmitt.

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“No matter how much preparation

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you have for experiences like
stepping on the Moon, it’s going

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to be more than you ever
anticipated.” Schmitt was the

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first trained field geologist to
observe the Moon up close and

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personal, and he found himself
discovering unexpected things

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with every step. “Every rock
that we examined had something

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new that I didn’t expect. And
surprises are what geologists

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like. That’s why you’re
exploring – to see the things

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that no one has ever seen
before.” Schmitt spent a

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combined twenty-two hours
outside of the spacecraft during

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his three excursions on the
Moon. Before his own trip,

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Schmitt trained other Apollo
astronauts. Sharing with them

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his in-depth knowledge of field
work. “The main thing was to

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expose them to as many different
geological experiences as we

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possibly could. Get them out in
the field – don’t let them sit

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in the classroom.” He treated
training scenarios on Earth the

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same way he would if they were
on the moon. Including simulated

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equipment, backpacks and cameras
strapped to the front of

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spacesuits. Astronauts could
then focus on what differences

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in the rocks they were seeing,
and what rock samples were best

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to collect. Essentially giving
them the fundamental field

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geological experiences that they
needed to succeed. The four or

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five days per month Schmitt
spent training astronauts in the

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field really did made a
difference. “The quality and

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diversity of the Apollo sample
collection, independent of

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Apollo 17 where you had an
experienced geologist, the

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quality and diversity of that
sample collection is just

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remarkable.”
Fortunately, the current

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Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
mission, or LRO, is changing

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the game; bringing back high-
quality photography of the Moon

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that Schmitt only wished he’d
seen before his own trip. “The

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Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
program now has provided us with

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a much, much higher resolution
suite of photographs for any

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future astronauts.” What we
learned from the Apollo missions

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helped lay the groundwork for
LRO, and LRO will help guide

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future explorers. “Every new
environment in which a geologist

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works is usually very different
than the last, but you have

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learned things from your
previous experiences that do in

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fact enable you to maximize the
value of your new experience.”

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Schmitt has his fingers crossed
for future Moon exploration, a

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landscape he considers holds
answers to many questions about

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the early solar system. “You can
hear people talk about it, but

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you can’t absorb it until you’re
there.”

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[Music and beeping]

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[Music]

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Apollo 17, the final Apollo mission to land on the Moon,

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visited the spectacular Taurus-Littrow valley,

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deeper than Earth’s Grand Canyon.

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In December 1972, astronauts Gene Cernan and Jack Schmitt

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explored an active fault scarp, a gigantic landslide deposit,

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and brought back samples including beads of volcanic glass

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erupted in an ancient lunar fire fountain.

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Schmitt was the first professional geologist on the Moon.

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[Music fades]

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[Music]

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So we received samples from the Apollo
17 mission

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which were returned to Earth
in December of 1972.

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So nearly 50 years ago.

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Basically we collected on the moon
and brought back,

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then they were frozen within
about a month of being returned.

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So no one's ever looked at them since.

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It's very exciting.

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Curation facility at NASA's
Johnson Space Center

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sent us the samples and they did have to
do some special efforts to keep them cold

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because we wanted them to stay frozen.

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So they had a special cold shipping box
with panels

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that were frozen in a very cold freezer
and a chunk of dry ice.

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We picked it up from the receiving office
here at Goddard

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opened it up, pulled the samples out
and stuck them straight in our freezer

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and locked them up safely.

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So these

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frozen samples were actually collected
from a region on the moon

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that was in shadow from the sun.

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So it was basically a large boulder.

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In the near future,
we're going back to the moon

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and hopefully going to the polar
regions of the moon

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where some of these regions
are in permanent shadow

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and they don't see the sun, you know,
they're cold.

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These particular samples are really great
analogs for what we might expect

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to see in the polar regions
when we go back.

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So we actually started last week
to process the samples.

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So the samples we got are basically dirt,
lunar dirt, and we basically made "Moon

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tea" out of them.

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So "Moon tea"

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is what we call it when we pull out
the soluble compounds from the soil.

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And so we basically take the lunar sample,
seal it up with a torch in a little

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glass test tube full of water,
stick it in an oven overnight and boil it.

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And we're just pulling out
those soluble compounds that we care about

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the same way
you'd make tea with boiling water at home.

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What we're
trying to do is answer some questions

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about the history this sample experienced
at the surface of the Moon.

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The surface of the Moon
is a really hostile environment.

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You know, it's not like here on Earth
where we have this

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beautiful atmosphere that protects us
from the nasties of space.

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So we have particles from the sun
that are continuously hitting the

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surface of the Moon.

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And we've got galactic

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cosmic rays that are coming in
and penetrating into the surface as well.

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They actually create noble gases
in these particles.

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So you can imagine that
there's none to begin with.

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00:20:19.466 --> 00:20:23.066
And then as they get exposed
to this space environment,

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they kind of get more
and more buildup of noble gases.

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00:20:26.966 --> 00:20:31.466
And our technique is to actually unlock
those noble gases from the sample,

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a measure of them, so we can come up with
what we call a cosmic ray exposure age.

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So it's basically how long this sample
has been sat at the surface being exposed.

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It's basically getting a "space tan."

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Say, 50 years ago,

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00:20:45.133 --> 00:20:48.266
this same technique, which is called
the Noble Gas Mass Spectrometry

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00:20:48.266 --> 00:20:52.733
would probably need anywhere,
you know, tens to hundreds of milligrams

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00:20:52.733 --> 00:20:56.333
to do the same thing that we now
do with a couple of milligrams.

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00:20:57.100 --> 00:20:59.700
It's really special
to be part of this, and particularly

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because I can look back at the papers
and the processes that the curation office

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00:21:05.066 --> 00:21:08.800
and the scientists in the 1970s
thought about and they put so much care

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into preserving these samples
for future science

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to making sure
that they were going to be at their,

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00:21:13.666 --> 00:21:16.733
you know, the best conditions
so that as we develop new techniques,

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we're able to go and look at these samples
and get new answers

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00:21:20.433 --> 00:21:22.533
to the science questions
that were being asked.

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00:21:22.533 --> 00:21:26.033
You know, I'm still studying these samples
50 years later

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00:21:26.033 --> 00:21:28.966
for the from the Apollo mission,
the original Apollo missions

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00:21:28.966 --> 00:21:32.033
and you know, you don't know
what's going to be in another 50 years,

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00:21:32.033 --> 00:21:35.866
but I'm still a part of the Apollo dream
of going to the Moon

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and bringing samples back.

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00:21:37.233 --> 00:21:40.700
So the fact that we have Artemis
now is amazing.

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00:21:40.700 --> 00:21:43.466
Like having our own Artemis
generation is really exciting.

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00:21:43.466 --> 00:21:46.800
I just can't wait to see
people go back to the Moon.

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00:21:46.800 --> 00:21:52.000
[Music fades]

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00:21:54.433 --> 00:21:57.433
NASA's Astro Materials Research
and Exploration Science

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00:21:57.433 --> 00:22:01.133
or ARES team at the Johnson Space Center
in Houston, Texas,

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00:22:01.133 --> 00:22:05.333
is responsible for curating the agency's
Apollo lunar samples.

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00:22:05.333 --> 00:22:09.233
Studies that these moon rocks continue
to unveil discoveries about the Moon

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00:22:09.266 --> 00:22:13.333
and our solar system, but also help
prepare for the return of samples

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00:22:13.333 --> 00:22:15.733
collected during future Artemis missions.

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Recent work by our team on samples

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00:22:18.833 --> 00:22:23.000
such as the Apollo 17 core seen here
supports the Apollo

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00:22:23.000 --> 00:22:26.700
Next Generation
Sample Analysis or ANGSA initiative.

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00:22:27.433 --> 00:22:30.866
This initiative has enabled
a new generation of explorers

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00:22:31.000 --> 00:22:35.100
equipped with new and improved
technologies to study Apollo samples.

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00:22:36.066 --> 00:22:39.233
ANGSA helps link
generations of lunar explorers

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00:22:39.233 --> 00:22:43.166
and has also enabled our team
to capture valuable lessons learned

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00:22:43.433 --> 00:22:46.166
that can be applied to collecting
and curating moon rocks

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00:22:46.433 --> 00:22:51.800
from Apollo to Artemis. Let's take a look
at how NASA's got samples from the Moon.

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00:22:51.800 --> 00:22:55.366
[Music]

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00:22:55.366 --> 00:23:00.233
“Liftoff . . . all engines running . . . liftoff . . . We have liftoff!”

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00:23:03.466 --> 00:23:07.966
”Tranquility base here. The Eagle has landed!”

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00:23:09.933 --> 00:23:16.233
“Oh, man, look at that rock out there! Absolutely incredible.”

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00:23:16.233 --> 00:23:33.333
[Music]

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00:23:35.033 --> 00:23:38.266
Apollo samples
may have been collected 50 years ago,

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00:23:38.266 --> 00:23:40.933
but new and exciting research is ongoing.

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00:23:41.466 --> 00:23:44.366
Seen here is the Apollo 17 core sample

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00:23:44.500 --> 00:23:48.466
that was vacuum sealed on the Moon. Earlier
this year,

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00:23:48.500 --> 00:23:52.266
almost 50 years later,
the team members seen here were involved

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00:23:52.266 --> 00:23:56.966
in the successful extraction of gases
from the core sample vacuum container.

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00:23:57.633 --> 00:23:58.966
The many lessons learned from

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00:23:58.966 --> 00:24:02.566
this process will be applied
to the future collection of volatiles,

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00:24:02.766 --> 00:24:08.033
which you can think of as gases from water
or hydrogen or carbon dioxide or others

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00:24:08.300 --> 00:24:10.766
that we hope to collect during Artemis
missions.

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00:24:12.166 --> 00:24:16.733
The team also carefully processed
lunar material collected in the Apollo 17

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00:24:16.733 --> 00:24:21.600
core from below the lunar surface,
carefully separating out individual pieces

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00:24:21.600 --> 00:24:26.066
of various sizes and documenting
every step taken throughout the process.

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Utilizing technologies

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00:24:29.200 --> 00:24:33.000
such as X-ray computed
tomography or XCT scans,

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00:24:33.166 --> 00:24:37.766
which you can think of or think about,
like scans a doctor may take of your brain

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00:24:37.766 --> 00:24:42.333
or another part of your body to see
what it looks like without doing surgery - well-

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00:24:42.333 --> 00:24:46.433
these types of scans provide
exciting data valuable for research,

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00:24:46.766 --> 00:24:51.866
but scans of the vacuum sealed Apollo 17
core proved to be extremely valuable

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00:24:52.033 --> 00:24:55.000
in the successful gas extraction
and processing.

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00:24:55.633 --> 00:24:58.700
These lessons learned,
again, will be applied to the collection

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00:24:58.700 --> 00:25:01.033
and curation of future samples.

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00:25:02.433 --> 00:25:05.166
Lunar exploration
and investigating moon rocks

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00:25:05.166 --> 00:25:08.766
is exciting, and individuals of all ages
can get involved.

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00:25:09.200 --> 00:25:13.366
One way is to check out our Astromaterials 3D Lunar Collection.

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00:25:14.366 --> 00:25:17.333
Astromaterials 3D allows an individual

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to explore a subset of samples collected
from the six Apollo surface missions.

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00:25:22.266 --> 00:25:25.633
You can select the mission,
find a sample of interest to you,

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00:25:25.866 --> 00:25:28.533
and then open that
sample and explore it further.

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00:25:29.866 --> 00:25:31.766
As you further explore the sample,

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00:25:31.766 --> 00:25:36.266
you can interact with the sample or
you may decide to explore it even further,

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00:25:36.266 --> 00:25:41.433
using our Explorer tool. The Astromaterials, 3D Explorer allows you

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00:25:41.433 --> 00:25:45.433
to interact with the sample looking at it
in different lighting conditions,

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00:25:46.266 --> 00:25:48.900
or even allowing you to view it in 3D.

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00:25:49.500 --> 00:25:52.800
Now, as you wear 3D glasses and explore
this sample.

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00:25:52.900 --> 00:25:57.000
It's as though the sample is jumping
out of the screen and into your hands.

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00:25:58.266 --> 00:26:01.733
Now, thanks to XCT scans of each sample,

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00:26:01.766 --> 00:26:05.166
again, think about a doctor
taking a scan of a part of your body -

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00:26:05.733 --> 00:26:08.933
you can actually explore
the interior of a sample,

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00:26:08.933 --> 00:26:12.900
in a sense, slicing into it
and finding interesting features.

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00:26:15.066 --> 00:26:17.766
There are lots of other details
available on the site,

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00:26:17.766 --> 00:26:21.433
but one additional aspect to point out
is that you can even download

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00:26:21.433 --> 00:26:24.733
and print your own 3D
model, which can also be fun.

387
00:26:26.000 --> 00:26:28.466
Now additional resources we have available

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00:26:28.500 --> 00:26:30.866
are our classifying moon rock interactive.

389
00:26:33.233 --> 00:26:41.600
“That’s one small step for man . . . one giant leap for mankind.”

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00:26:43.900 --> 00:26:46.066
This online interactive allows

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00:26:46.166 --> 00:26:49.800
learners of various ages
to get introduced to our lunar lab,

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00:26:50.366 --> 00:26:53.166
build background
as well as skills, enabling

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00:26:53.166 --> 00:26:55.966
a user to learn how to classify moon rocks
as well.

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00:26:56.966 --> 00:27:01.633
Users can also learn fun facts
about the samples, as well as fun facts

395
00:27:01.633 --> 00:27:04.966
about each of the Apollo missions
and so much more.

396
00:27:05.966 --> 00:27:10.500
The interactive encourages users
to continue their journey of exploration

397
00:27:10.500 --> 00:27:13.166
with connection to views of landing sites,

398
00:27:13.600 --> 00:27:16.900
as well as Astromaterials 3D and more.

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00:27:17.800 --> 00:27:20.800
We encourage you to take advantage
of the many ways

400
00:27:20.800 --> 00:27:24.400
to explore the Moon,
including looking up at the night sky,

401
00:27:24.766 --> 00:27:28.700
but also exploring and interacting
with the moon rocks in our collection

402
00:27:28.900 --> 00:27:32.066
using resources
we have available on our website.

403
00:27:33.066 --> 00:27:33.700
We hope

404
00:27:33.700 --> 00:27:37.766
you, as we are, are excited about the journey
back to the Moon

405
00:27:37.966 --> 00:27:41.500
as we continue to learn from Apollo
and look to the future

406
00:27:41.500 --> 00:27:45.966
with Artemis and the future collection
and curation of moon rocks.

407
00:27:50.066 --> 00:27:57.966
I’m focusing on the Moon because humans will be expanding the area of activity in the near future.

408
00:27:57.966 --> 00:28:04.800
I’ve been supporting it from the aspect of landing site analysis using observation data.

409
00:28:04.800 --> 00:28:10.033
Let’s look up at the Moon and imagine humans walking there again!

410
00:28:10.200 --> 00:28:14.233
My name is Kinga Gruszecka, let's observe the Moon together!

411
00:28:15.900 --> 00:28:22.366
We are like the Moon. Each phase is a change, to reach our fullness.

412
00:28:23.800 --> 00:28:26.833
Hooray for Observe the Moon Night!

413
00:28:26.900 --> 00:28:30.666
Hey, we're the 2022 winter over crew
at the bottom of the world, observing

414
00:28:30.666 --> 00:28:32.600
from the National Science Foundation

415
00:28:32.600 --> 00:28:35.166
Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station here in Antarctica.

416
00:28:35.166 --> 00:28:37.300
In Spanish, we say  “observa la luna.”

417
00:28:37.833 --> 00:28:40.000
In French, we say “observe la lune.”

418
00:28:40.266 --> 00:28:43.066
South Pole station’s looking forward to Artemis one launch,

419
00:28:43.066 --> 00:28:45.800
and NASA going back to the Moon!

420
00:28:46.100 --> 00:28:50.200
If I go to the Moon, I'd bring some crackers just in case it's made of cheese! [laughing]

421
00:28:51.966 --> 00:28:56.766
Hello again, I hope you’re enjoying this International Observe the Moon Night broadcast.

422
00:28:56.766 --> 00:29:01.633
As a reminder, you can visit our website: moon.nasa.gov/observe

423
00:29:01.633 --> 00:29:06.133
where you can find resources, activities, viewing guides, and more -

424
00:29:06.133 --> 00:29:09.066
lots of things to help you learn more about the Moon

425
00:29:09.066 --> 00:29:13.500
and enhance your experience participating in International Observe the Moon Night.

426
00:29:13.500 --> 00:29:19.333
Now, the Moon has been an important marker of time for humans for tens of thousands of years.

427
00:29:19.333 --> 00:29:23.466
It’s an important part of creation stories in cultures around the world.

428
00:29:23.466 --> 00:29:26.666
It’s woven into our language and our art.

429
00:29:26.666 --> 00:29:30.833
Today, the Moon continues to inspire poets and painters,

430
00:29:30.833 --> 00:29:34.900
artists and dreamers, scientists and explorers.

431
00:29:34.900 --> 00:29:37.800
Next - we present some Moon poetry and also some

432
00:29:37.800 --> 00:29:42.133
beautiful views of the lunar terrain that we hope will inspire you.

433
00:29:43.700 --> 00:29:47.433
A brief history of the Moon.

434
00:29:47.433 --> 00:29:50.900
When the Moon rises, it’s where you are.

435
00:29:50.900 --> 00:29:55.100
Light reflected from the Sun shines in your eyes.

436
00:29:55.100 --> 00:30:01.333
Your skin beneath the Moon is a long skein of stories too many here to tell.

437
00:30:01.333 --> 00:30:06.066
Ah, but there is a man stooped fishing beneath a banyan tree,

438
00:30:06.066 --> 00:30:12.833
there, and a precious elixir somewhere in, perhaps, the snow-white south.

439
00:30:12.833 --> 00:30:21.400
They’ve said all that’s lost on Earth gathers heaped up there, on what they’ve also said was our mirror.

440
00:30:21.400 --> 00:30:30.033
Inanna rotting monthly on a hook, global goddess, arrowed, lonely, dark, full,

441
00:30:30.033 --> 00:30:35.200
and the children are singing:  “Guard me till you die.”

442
00:30:35.200 --> 00:30:40.600
Your heart brims with Moonlight because you love and are loved,

443
00:30:40.600 --> 00:30:43.700
changing moods like shapes that cross the sky,

444
00:30:43.700 --> 00:30:50.166
and someone in a cave once etched phases on antler to keep time.

445
00:30:50.166 --> 00:30:56.366
We had to know. Silver falling through clear or clouds ringed like caution against the thief,

446
00:30:56.366 --> 00:31:04.033
night-road, Moon-road, a destination reached: a village or, metaphorically, say,

447
00:31:04.033 --> 00:31:12.466
the Moon itself drawn down from Heaven by the telescope, not spirit-smooth but rock.

448
00:31:12.466 --> 00:31:18.400
You, tonight’s Galileo, can see time: collision-born! Craters!

449
00:31:18.400 --> 00:31:23.733
Mountains shocked up to snare sunlight on the night’s ragged edge,

450
00:31:23.733 --> 00:31:28.066
valleys of dust and boulders radiating from maria.

451
00:31:28.066 --> 00:31:37.400
Just by looking, the Moon is yours where you are, living magnified by this lunar span.

452
00:31:39.400 --> 00:31:41.866
I’m Julie Swardstad Johnson.

453
00:31:41.866 --> 00:31:44.866
Nocturne with Freeway

454
00:31:45.566 --> 00:31:53.500
The day having taken itself off, unruly as the mass of feral cats who have lately made my yard their own,

455
00:31:53.500 --> 00:32:00.000
the Moon lifts up from behind Redington Pass, from behind domed mountains,

456
00:32:00.000 --> 00:32:04.400
behind the overpass, the mound of asphalt massed up

457
00:32:04.400 --> 00:32:09.600
so Broadway can be widened after years
of debate and alternate proposals

458
00:32:09.600 --> 00:32:13.500
and whatever it is that keeps us from choosing well together.

459
00:32:13.500 --> 00:32:19.833
the Moon rules over all this. I don’t know if it’s full or a day past,

460
00:32:19.833 --> 00:32:24.700
maybe one to go, my mind eager to fill in what’s missing.

461
00:32:24.700 --> 00:32:32.166
It matters to me, here in all I lament and praise, the city’s million dreams surrounding me.

462
00:32:32.166 --> 00:32:38.833
I want the precise name for this moment’s shine, a measure of all that does not pass through me.

463
00:32:39.633 --> 00:37:26.300
[Music]

464
00:37:28.133 --> 00:37:33.366
The future of lunar exploration is as bright as the Moon in our night sky.

465
00:37:33.366 --> 00:37:38.600
NASA is gearing up to return humans back to the lunar surface with the Artemis missions.

466
00:37:38.600 --> 00:37:43.366
We’ll be exploring the Moon’s South Pole, looking for water ice with the VIPER rover,

467
00:37:43.366 --> 00:37:47.200
and with VERTEX will explore a feature known as Reiner Gamma,

468
00:37:47.200 --> 00:37:53.666
an area that has beautiful white swirls and a very strong and mysterious magnetic field.

469
00:37:53.666 --> 00:37:58.000
The women and men serving as the scientists, engineers and astronauts for these missions

470
00:37:58.000 --> 00:38:05.300
are all helping us take the next giant leap forward in exploring and better understanding our Moon, and our universe.

471
00:38:05.300 --> 00:38:08.633
There’s a lot on the horizon, as you’ll see in these next videos.

472
00:38:10.366 --> 00:38:15.666
Artemis I is paving the way for us to 
explore deeper and deeper into space.

473
00:38:15.666 --> 00:38:19.433
I think Artemis I is significant on so many levels.

474
00:38:19.433 --> 00:38:22.900
It is a new frontier to do science.

475
00:38:22.900 --> 00:38:27.833
So the primary objective is to test the Orion spacecraft integrated with the Space Launch System.

476
00:38:27.833 --> 00:38:33.100
And it is designed to carry out the boldest of the bold missions.

477
00:38:33.100 --> 00:38:35.666
But it's more than just learning how to travel in space.

478
00:38:35.666 --> 00:38:39.833
We're taking a lot of cool science along with us on this first mission to the Moon.

479
00:38:39.833 --> 00:38:44.600
So as NASA plans to go back to the surface of the Moon and then on to Mars,

480
00:38:44.600 --> 00:38:47.666
we want to spend more time there and that's riskier business.

481
00:38:47.666 --> 00:38:53.700
So the more we learn about the Moon itself and the environment where we'll be operating, the better we can prepare.

482
00:38:53.700 --> 00:38:59.766
We have 10 CubeSats, we call secondary payloads, which are small scientific spacecraft of their own,

483
00:38:59.766 --> 00:39:02.500
that will each be conducting their own scientific mission.

484
00:39:02.500 --> 00:39:07.633
All of these payloads, in some form or fashion, will help us going forward.

485
00:39:07.633 --> 00:39:10.066
They are going to be studying the Moon.

486
00:39:10.066 --> 00:39:12.800
And they're going to help us understand, what is the Moon made out of?

487
00:39:12.800 --> 00:39:16.700
What types of rocks? What types of regolith? What types of ice?

488
00:39:16.700 --> 00:39:18.833
What's mixed in with water that might be present?

489
00:39:18.833 --> 00:39:23.733
One of them is actually going to attempt to land on the Moon. They're going to be studying the Sun.

490
00:39:23.733 --> 00:39:27.600
Understanding and studying the space environment or the space weather.

491
00:39:27.600 --> 00:39:30.033
Some different propulsion systems.

492
00:39:30.033 --> 00:39:36.966
These novel ideas will ultimately turn into the technology and the systems that we want to use going forward.

493
00:39:36.966 --> 00:39:41.966
There's a lot of cool things going on between all these CubeSats that make up our secondary payloads.

494
00:39:41.966 --> 00:39:47.000
Additionally, inside the Orion we'll be flying an experiment to study space biology.

495
00:39:47.000 --> 00:39:57.833
Space biology is where we study the underlying changes that Earth-based biological systems undergo when they're in space.

496
00:39:57.833 --> 00:40:01.166
Or basically how does life respond to the space environment?

497
00:40:01.166 --> 00:40:05.866
The level of ionizing radiation that you experience when you go beyond the Van Allen belt,

498
00:40:05.866 --> 00:40:10.800
so you go beyond the protective magnetic sphere that we have around us,

499
00:40:10.800 --> 00:40:15.266
you then get exposed to higher levels of ionizing radiation.

500
00:40:15.266 --> 00:40:18.833
So we are flying several space biology experiments.

501
00:40:18.833 --> 00:40:21.200
We'll take a series of materials —

502
00:40:21.200 --> 00:40:21.833
plant seeds,

503
00:40:21.833 --> 00:40:22.400
fungi,

504
00:40:22.500 --> 00:40:23.833
the yeast cell,

505
00:40:23.833 --> 00:40:24.333
algae,

506
00:40:24.333 --> 00:40:30.966
and ride along the trip. And then when it comes home we can analyze how they responded to that environment.

507
00:40:30.966 --> 00:40:37.900
This research will help us thrive in space. It will help us to go further and stay there longer.

508
00:40:37.900 --> 00:40:44.333
In addition to space biology, we'll be learning about how to make astronauts more effective in the Orion in the future.

509
00:40:44.333 --> 00:40:48.633
An example of that is something called the Callisto technology demonstration.

510
00:40:48.633 --> 00:40:51.466
Lockheed Martin built the Orion spacecraft for NASA.

511
00:40:51.466 --> 00:40:55.900
And we'll be flying a secondary payload that's a demonstration payload called Callisto.

512
00:40:55.900 --> 00:41:01.566
So we took the technology from Amazon for Alexa and the WebEx technology from Cisco

513
00:41:01.566 --> 00:41:06.900
and so we built a digital assistant, if you will, a custom space-qualified Alexa.

514
00:41:06.900 --> 00:41:10.433
Alexa, how does the life support system work?

515
00:41:10.433 --> 00:41:15.633
Orion's life support system is the Environmental Control and Life Support System, or ECLS.

516
00:41:15.633 --> 00:41:20.500
And so this payload is the demonstration mission to show how astronauts in the future

517
00:41:20.500 --> 00:41:24.333
could use this technology as an innovative user interface.

518
00:41:24.333 --> 00:41:28.100
So there you have it. I hope you agree with me, this is exciting.

519
00:41:28.100 --> 00:41:29.900
I am just over the Moon excited for the Artemis I launch.

520
00:41:30.200 --> 00:41:34.166
The science we'll conduct on Artemis I lays the groundwork

521
00:41:34.166 --> 00:41:39.800
to ensure that we can safely conduct scientific activities at the Moon with our astronauts going forward.

522
00:41:39.866 --> 00:41:45.166
This really is the stepping stone for us as we take that next giant leap in space exploration.

523
00:41:51.400 --> 00:41:52.433
[Music]

524
00:41:52.433 --> 00:41:55.733
Artemis is our 21st century return to the Moon.

525
00:41:55.733 --> 00:41:59.000
Together, NASA, international space agencies,

526
00:41:59.000 --> 00:42:01.000
and a growing global space industry

527
00:42:01.000 --> 00:42:04.533
will explore Earth’s nearest neighbor with advanced robotics

528
00:42:04.533 --> 00:42:08.600
and our next generation of astronauts.

529
00:42:08.600 --> 00:42:11.300
But where will our astronauts explore?

530
00:42:11.300 --> 00:42:14.200
The Moon is a treasure trove of scientific discovery,

531
00:42:14.200 --> 00:42:17.300
and NASA has its sights set on the South Pole.

532
00:42:17.300 --> 00:42:19.933
This mysterious region features soaring mountains

533
00:42:19.933 --> 00:42:23.000
and deep craters, leading to unique locations

534
00:42:23.000 --> 00:42:25.700
that experience nearly continuous sunlight –

535
00:42:25.700 --> 00:42:30.000
in contrast to nearby depressions that never see the sun.

536
00:42:30.000 --> 00:42:33.200
Artemis III will mark humanity’s return to the lunar surface

537
00:42:33.200 --> 00:42:36.400
for the first time since 1972.

538
00:42:36.400 --> 00:42:39.533
NASA has identified thirteen regions near the South Pole

539
00:42:39.533 --> 00:42:41.800
that meet safety requirements for landing

540
00:42:41.800 --> 00:42:46.433
and present opportunities to search for lunar resources.

541
00:42:46.433 --> 00:42:48.833
Each region can also help us learn more about

542
00:42:48.833 --> 00:42:50.400
the history of the Moon,

543
00:42:50.400 --> 00:42:54.500
and gain a better understanding of our place in the solar system.

544
00:42:56.233 --> 00:42:58.833
These thirteen candidate landing regions represent

545
00:42:58.833 --> 00:43:01.933
a diversity of features in the lunar South Pole,

546
00:43:01.933 --> 00:43:03.600
ranging from the summits of mountains

547
00:43:03.600 --> 00:43:06.033
rising miles above their surroundings,

548
00:43:06.033 --> 00:43:08.533
to the rims of large craters.

549
00:43:08.533 --> 00:43:12.133
These features together act to both expose and preserve

550
00:43:12.133 --> 00:43:15.133
billions of years of geologic history.

551
00:43:19.000 --> 00:43:21.600
Using robotic orbiters and rovers,

552
00:43:21.600 --> 00:43:23.700
NASA and the global science community

553
00:43:23.700 --> 00:43:25.600
will continue to study these regions

554
00:43:25.600 --> 00:43:28.733
before selecting the Artemis III landing site.

555
00:43:31.733 --> 00:43:34.533
The astronauts selected for this bold expedition

556
00:43:34.533 --> 00:43:36.900
will literally and figuratively shine a light

557
00:43:36.900 --> 00:43:40.400
on some of the deepest, darkest areas of the solar system,

558
00:43:40.400 --> 00:43:43.600
revealing ancient secrets of the universe.

559
00:43:43.600 --> 00:43:46.233
[Music fades]

560
00:43:56.733 --> 00:44:01.000
The goal of the test here at the slope
lab is to test the latest VIPER

561
00:44:01.000 --> 00:44:05.633
mobility prototype in this facility
in order to verify requirements.

562
00:44:06.333 --> 00:44:11.966
That means we want to check that
the system does what it is supposed to do once on the Moon.

563
00:44:11.966 --> 00:44:14.500
The VIPER test unit that is behind me

564
00:44:15.066 --> 00:44:18.500
is a light version
of the full VIPER rover.

565
00:44:18.966 --> 00:44:23.133
We stripped down the heavy components
to try to maintain the mass load

566
00:44:23.133 --> 00:44:27.133
so that we can drive on Earth,
which has a much higher gravity.

567
00:44:28.233 --> 00:44:30.833
And we need to do this because the system

568
00:44:30.833 --> 00:44:33.600
is designed to go to the Moon
where it will be a lot lighter.

569
00:44:34.366 --> 00:44:38.733
We have consulted NASA scientists
who have analyzed images and data

570
00:44:38.733 --> 00:44:43.300
from previous Apollo missions
to determine the distribution of rocks

571
00:44:43.300 --> 00:44:48.033
and craters of different sizes
over certain areas of the terrain and

572
00:44:48.266 --> 00:44:51.966
the shapes and characteristics of rocks
that we expect to see on the surface.

573
00:44:52.366 --> 00:44:55.300
So what we've done is use that information

574
00:44:55.666 --> 00:44:59.566
to recreate a Moon-like terrain for the rover.

575
00:45:00.266 --> 00:45:04.200
We're testing rover capabilities
when we go into an extreme

576
00:45:04.200 --> 00:45:05.966
sinkage environment.

577
00:45:05.966 --> 00:45:09.433
So in the Moon, when we're roving,
we might encounter areas

578
00:45:09.433 --> 00:45:13.066
with fluffier soil,
something similar to quicksand.

579
00:45:13.533 --> 00:45:16.500
And so our rover has a capability to

580
00:45:17.400 --> 00:45:20.500
still make forward progress
in these quicksands.

581
00:45:20.833 --> 00:45:25.200
We're also testing
the ability that the rover has to move in

582
00:45:25.200 --> 00:45:30.333
a very special way is similar
to a caterpillar inchworming motion.

583
00:45:30.866 --> 00:45:32.933
So the rover is able to

584
00:45:34.300 --> 00:45:36.300
change the distance between its wheels

585
00:45:36.566 --> 00:45:40.100
and apply power to the wheels
in a very coordinated manner.

586
00:45:40.300 --> 00:45:44.433
And that would allow the VIPER rover
to get unstuck of this quicksand.

587
00:45:44.900 --> 00:45:48.533
This is challenging for the rover,
but it's important to test

588
00:45:48.533 --> 00:45:53.266
because we need to better understand and
mitigate risks and hazards to the rover.

589
00:45:53.666 --> 00:45:57.766
And we have a great team of NASA engineers
here to address any risk that we might face.

590
00:46:04.566 --> 00:47:09.166
[Music]

591
00:47:14.066 --> 00:47:29.566
[Music]

592
00:47:29.566 --> 00:47:36.866
Lacus Mortis, the Lake of Death, is a lava plain about 160 kilometers across.

593
00:47:36.866 --> 00:47:39.133
It was chosen as the first landing site

594
00:47:39.133 --> 00:47:45.500
for NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services Program of robotic missions,

595
00:47:45.500 --> 00:47:50.666
Near its center is the crater Bürg, 40 kilometers in diameter.

596
00:47:50.666 --> 00:47:54.133
West of Bürg, Lacus Mortis’s floor is broken

597
00:47:54.133 --> 00:48:00.733
by a fascinating network of fault scarps and fractures known as straight rilles.

598
00:48:00.733 --> 00:48:23.233
[Music fades]

599
00:48:24.700 --> 00:48:28.300
Welcome back! I hope you are enjoying the program,

600
00:48:28.300 --> 00:48:32.433
and I want to remind you that you can share your pictures and observations of the Moon,

601
00:48:32.433 --> 00:48:35.666
and find out what other people are doing to celebrate

602
00:48:35.666 --> 00:48:38.466
in our International Observe the Moon Night Flickr gallery

603
00:48:38.466 --> 00:48:42.600
and through the hashtag #ObserveTheMoon on social media.

604
00:48:42.600 --> 00:48:46.866
Each of us can observe the Moon and come away with a sense of wonder and awe.

605
00:48:46.866 --> 00:48:50.633
We asked some lunar scientists what excites them most about the Moon,

606
00:48:50.633 --> 00:48:52.366
and here’s what they had to say . . .

607
00:48:53.133 --> 00:49:02.166
[Music]

608
00:49:02.600 --> 00:49:04.633
Hi! My name is Aisha Khatib.

609
00:49:04.633 --> 00:49:07.766
I’m a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Maryland.

610
00:49:07.766 --> 00:49:13.600
I study lunar seismology, and especially deep moonquakes.

611
00:49:13.600 --> 00:49:18.833
I’m really excited about the fact that we’re going forward to the Moon

612
00:49:18.833 --> 00:49:25.133
and we are trying to answer some of these questions that we’ve had for the past 50 years.

613
00:49:25.133 --> 00:49:29.433
What people might not know about the Moon is that the Moon is seismically active.

614
00:49:29.433 --> 00:49:33.666
So there are a lot of seismic events that occur on the Moon.

615
00:49:33.666 --> 00:49:34.900
So just as the

616
00:49:34.900 --> 00:49:37.400
Earth has earthquakes,
the Moon also has moonquakes.

617
00:49:38.033 --> 00:49:41.300
And there are several
different kinds of moonquakes

618
00:49:41.300 --> 00:49:44.266
that we've been able to observe
from the Apollo seismic data.

619
00:49:44.900 --> 00:49:47.000
We have thermal moonquakes,
we have shallow moonquakes.

620
00:49:47.000 --> 00:49:50.866
And we also have something
that are really, really mysterious called

621
00:49:50.866 --> 00:49:55.433
deep moonquakes, which occur
really deep down in the lunar interior.

622
00:49:55.700 --> 00:50:00.233
And we think they are due
to tidal stresses,

623
00:50:00.500 --> 00:50:03.866
but we don't exactly know
what causes these moonquakes.

624
00:50:04.100 --> 00:50:06.966
And I'm really excited
about seeing new data finally,

625
00:50:06.966 --> 00:50:09.800
after only working with data
that's 50 years old.

626
00:50:10.200 --> 00:50:12.333
So that's what I'm excited about.

627
00:50:13.666 --> 00:50:16.733
Hello, I'm Greg Schmidt,
director of NASA's SSERVI,

628
00:50:16.733 --> 00:50:20.700
the Solar System Exploration
Research Virtual Institute.

629
00:50:21.000 --> 00:50:26.900
So - one of the things that excites
me so much is the discovery of volatiles.

630
00:50:26.900 --> 00:50:29.833
So what what do I mean about that?

631
00:50:29.833 --> 00:50:33.433
You know, what I mean
is that we have discovered things

632
00:50:33.800 --> 00:50:36.700
like water, you know, in the form of ice.

633
00:50:36.700 --> 00:50:39.433
Now, how it got there, we don't know yet.

634
00:50:39.466 --> 00:50:44.333
You know, a lot of people are still doing
some pretty exciting research on that.

635
00:50:44.666 --> 00:50:47.933
There are other kind of materials that are

636
00:50:48.200 --> 00:50:51.700
that are preserved
in these permanently shadowed

637
00:50:52.100 --> 00:50:56.366
regions on the Moon that have been there
for a really, really long time.

638
00:50:56.366 --> 00:50:58.800
I mean, we're talking billions of years.

639
00:50:59.233 --> 00:51:00.766
Why are they still there?

640
00:51:00.766 --> 00:51:03.933
Because it's so very, very cold.

641
00:51:03.933 --> 00:51:06.500
We're talking about
some of the coldest places

642
00:51:06.833 --> 00:51:11.866
in the solar system, this cold
or perhaps even colder than than Pluto.

643
00:51:11.866 --> 00:51:14.933
And and yet here they are on the Moon.

644
00:51:14.933 --> 00:51:19.366
And so what's happened is that gases,

645
00:51:19.666 --> 00:51:23.833
water, other things
have come into these shadowed regions

646
00:51:24.133 --> 00:51:28.366
and there's no sunlight
for a billion years, perhaps more.

647
00:51:28.766 --> 00:51:31.100
And they get trapped there.

648
00:51:31.100 --> 00:51:34.566
And so what form
they're in, how they're mixed in

649
00:51:34.566 --> 00:51:39.766
with the lunar regolith, as we call it,
which is basically the dirt on the Moon -

650
00:51:39.766 --> 00:51:41.633
how that's all mixed together -

651
00:51:41.633 --> 00:51:45.866
that's something that we need to find out.
But it just presents

652
00:51:45.866 --> 00:51:49.000
some really exciting research
opportunities.

653
00:51:49.900 --> 00:51:52.533
Hi, I'm Linden Wike
and I'm about to enter my third year

654
00:51:52.533 --> 00:51:56.666
as a graduate student at the University
of Maryland studying planetary geology.

655
00:51:57.000 --> 00:52:00.933
I'm very excited about the Moon right now
because it serves as our first step

656
00:52:00.933 --> 00:52:04.233
towards exploring more of the solar system
and the universe as a whole.

657
00:52:04.233 --> 00:52:08.633
But for the Artemis mission coming up, I'm
very keen on seeing astronauts get to go

658
00:52:08.633 --> 00:52:13.233
back to the Moon, forward to the Moon
for the first time in 50 years.

659
00:52:13.233 --> 00:52:17.700
So having astronauts go to
the Moon is also very important to me

660
00:52:17.700 --> 00:52:20.700
as it ties into my own research
where I've been looking into

661
00:52:20.700 --> 00:52:23.900
how to detect lava tubes
as a resource for the astronauts

662
00:52:23.900 --> 00:52:27.900
and their equipment to use as shelter.
When they get to the Moon, when they say

663
00:52:27.900 --> 00:52:31.700
we need something to take shelter -
and I'll be helping to find those.

664
00:52:31.700 --> 00:52:33.566
I'm Carlie Pieters.

665
00:52:33.566 --> 00:52:36.666
I'm a planetary geoscientist.

666
00:52:38.500 --> 00:52:39.533
I'm a

667
00:52:39.533 --> 00:52:42.500
semi-retired
professor from Brown University.

668
00:52:43.700 --> 00:52:46.500
But I've been working on lunar exploration

669
00:52:46.500 --> 00:52:49.133
and lunar science for decades,
and I love it.

670
00:52:49.733 --> 00:52:54.766
Remember the Earth and the Moon are related -

671
00:52:54.766 --> 00:52:58.533
more related
than any other planetary bodies.

672
00:52:58.533 --> 00:53:01.766
And the Moon affects us

673
00:53:01.766 --> 00:53:04.366
sometimes directly, sometimes

674
00:53:04.366 --> 00:53:06.700
just because we can go out on a moonlit

675
00:53:06.700 --> 00:53:09.700
night and smile.

676
00:53:09.700 --> 00:53:13.166
It's an old friend. It's not going away.

677
00:53:13.166 --> 00:53:16.133
It'll be there for much longer
than we are.

678
00:53:16.933 --> 00:53:19.166
And I love it.

679
00:53:27.533 --> 00:53:32.866
Today, we’ve shown you a number of ways that we study the Moon at NASA, and why we’re doing it.

680
00:53:32.866 --> 00:53:37.766
There is so much that we’re still learning from our past exploration, and so many things

681
00:53:37.766 --> 00:53:43.300
that are happening now as we prepare for the next phase of lunar exploration with Artemis.

682
00:53:43.300 --> 00:53:46.966
The Moon is the cornerstone for learning more about the solar system.

683
00:53:46.966 --> 00:53:50.766
It’s a stepping stone for reaching Mars and beyond.

684
00:53:50.766 --> 00:53:54.800
Our accomplishments at the Moon prove that nothing is beyond our reach.

685
00:53:54.800 --> 00:53:56.833
It’s a symbol in the sky.

686
00:53:56.833 --> 00:54:00.800
So remember - no matter who you are or where you’re from,

687
00:54:00.800 --> 00:54:05.000
you have the potential to dream big and reach for the stars.

688
00:54:05.000 --> 00:54:08.900
In that spirit, we bring you this next Moon-themed music video,

689
00:54:08.900 --> 00:54:12.100
featuring singers Javier Colon and Matt Cusson.

690
00:54:12.100 --> 00:54:13.733
I hope you enjoy it.

691
00:54:14.933 --> 00:54:26.366
[music]

692
00:54:28.366 --> 00:54:43.766
[music]

693
00:54:44.400 --> 00:54:54.000
Have you ever wanted to fly
among the stars? To see up close

694
00:54:54.000 --> 00:55:01.400
what we could only see from
afar. Come on let’s go

695
00:55:01.400 --> 00:55:12.000
your dreams are possible. We can
fly far away from here. Defying

696
00:55:12.000 --> 00:55:21.000
gravity we’ll soar beyond the
atmosphere. We will see things

697
00:55:21.000 --> 00:55:29.400
we've never seen before. We’ll
open up a door to a new world

698
00:55:29.400 --> 00:55:38.400
and go explore the Moon and so
much more.

699
00:55:38.400 --> 00:55:42.766
[music]

700
00:55:42.766 --> 00:55:52.900
I remember dreaming that I could
take flight - to chase forever

701
00:55:52.900 --> 00:56:00.400
into the heart of the night.
Above it all,

702
00:56:00.400 --> 00:56:08.833
the world's so small. We can fly
far away from here.

703
00:56:08.833 --> 00:56:17.400
Defying gravity we'll soar
beyond the atmosphere.

704
00:56:17.400 --> 00:56:26.100
We will see things we've never
seen before - open up a door

705
00:56:26.100 --> 00:56:32.600
to a new world and go explore,
the Moon there's so much . . .

706
00:56:32.600 --> 00:56:40.400
more that we have yet to see,
much more to understand.

707
00:56:40.400 --> 00:56:51.400
But the time is here and now.
After all we're just

708
00:56:51.400 --> 00:57:01.366
one speck of sand in this
universe of ours.

709
00:57:01.366 --> 00:57:10.900
We can fly far away from here.
Defying gravity we'll soar

710
00:57:10.900 --> 00:57:15.400
beyond the atmosphere
( yyyeah ).

711
00:57:15.400 --> 00:57:22.100
We can see things we've never
seen before.

712
00:57:22.100 --> 00:57:29.033
We'll open up a door to a new
world and go explore -

713
00:57:29.033 --> 00:57:34.400
the Moon and so much more.

714
00:57:34.400 --> 00:57:44.900
[music]

715
00:57:57.766 --> 00:57:59.933
That concludes our program for this evening.

716
00:57:59.933 --> 00:58:04.533
I’d like to thank the Solar System Exploration Division at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

717
00:58:04.533 --> 00:58:09.366
and NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter for sponsoring International Observe the Moon Night.

718
00:58:09.366 --> 00:58:12.866
I’d also like to thank our incredible supporters around the world,

719
00:58:12.866 --> 00:58:15.633
and each and every one of you for watching

720
00:58:15.633 --> 00:58:19.100
and for celebrating International Observe the Moon Night with us.

721
00:58:19.100 --> 00:58:24.966
You can keep up with lunar science and exploration throughout the year on moon.nasa.gov,

722
00:58:24.966 --> 00:58:27.733
and by following NASA Moon on social media,

723
00:58:27.733 --> 00:58:31.833
and by subscribing to our International Observe the Moon Night newsletter.

724
00:58:31.833 --> 00:58:35.933
You can sign up on moon.nasa.gov/observe

725
00:58:35.933 --> 00:58:39.933
and that’s the same place you can find the Moon maps made special for today,

726
00:58:39.933 --> 00:58:46.300
activity recommendations, and find out where people are observing the Moon around the world right now.

727
00:58:46.300 --> 00:58:48.433
And add yourself to the map!

728
00:58:48.433 --> 00:58:50.033
Thanks so much for joining us.

729
00:58:50.033 --> 00:58:53.600
Wishing you clear skies – and see you next year!

730
00:58:53.833 --> 00:59:30.900
[Music]