1 00:00:00,167 --> 00:00:02,002 Music 2 00:00:02,002 --> 00:00:06,306 We got together and looked at the very first de-fractional ... 3 00:00:06,306 --> 00:00:09,343 images that came out of the Webb Telescope. 4 00:00:09,343 --> 00:00:09,710 Music 5 00:00:09,710 --> 00:00:13,280 And what we collective saw as a group is we have the highest ... 6 00:00:13,280 --> 00:00:17,851 resloution infrared images taken from space ever. 7 00:00:17,851 --> 00:00:18,652 Music 8 00:00:18,652 --> 00:00:21,855 So, you think of it as a blub on a picture, you know, but ... 9 00:00:21,855 --> 00:00:25,459 it is extremely high resloution. 10 00:00:25,459 --> 00:00:29,396 We have exceeded every expectation. 11 00:00:29,396 --> 00:00:33,567 The telescope performed better than the models said it should. 12 00:00:33,567 --> 00:00:38,405 We even achieved, we talk about resolution and wavefront ... 13 00:00:38,405 --> 00:00:41,508 quality, we've done better in those regards than we ... 14 00:00:41,508 --> 00:00:45,679 thought we do, and we're just thrilled to death. 15 00:00:45,679 --> 00:00:48,515 And to get there we went through a process. 16 00:00:48,515 --> 00:00:51,218 Well, we did the segment identification, and then we ... 17 00:00:51,218 --> 00:00:52,886 formed the image array. 18 00:00:52,886 --> 00:00:55,355 And then once they were in the image array we used this ... 19 00:00:55,355 --> 00:00:59,059 phase retrieval technology to position each of the ... 20 00:00:59,059 --> 00:01:01,628 mirror segments and the secondary mirror itself, ... 21 00:01:01,628 --> 00:01:05,399 such that, all the optical aberrations were effectively ... 22 00:01:05,399 --> 00:01:06,266 eliminated. 23 00:01:06,266 --> 00:01:08,769 Music 24 00:01:08,769 --> 00:01:11,138 We tilt the mirror segments to bring the light from each ... 25 00:01:11,138 --> 00:01:13,507 mirror so that it falls on top of each other at a ... 26 00:01:13,507 --> 00:01:15,409 common point in the middle of the detector. 27 00:01:15,409 --> 00:01:17,711 And we call that image staking. 28 00:01:17,711 --> 00:01:20,147 And that concentrates all the light in a single place. 29 00:01:20,147 --> 00:01:23,717 But the segments themselves are not cooperating, they're ... 30 00:01:23,717 --> 00:01:25,686 not working together at that point. 31 00:01:25,686 --> 00:01:28,021 They're all their own individual telescope. 32 00:01:28,021 --> 00:01:31,124 And the next phase of the process is something we ... 33 00:01:31,124 --> 00:01:32,359 call course phasing. 34 00:01:32,359 --> 00:01:35,495 And that is where we adjust, literally its the piston, ... 35 00:01:35,495 --> 00:01:37,898 its the up and down motion of the mirror segments relative ... 36 00:01:37,898 --> 00:01:38,665 to each other. 37 00:01:38,665 --> 00:01:41,802 We control the piston of the segments so that they all ... 38 00:01:41,802 --> 00:01:44,838 come together in creating a complete monolithic ... 39 00:01:44,838 --> 00:01:45,739 primary mirror. 40 00:01:45,739 --> 00:01:46,106 Music 41 00:01:46,106 --> 00:01:49,343 If you know exactly what the shape of that telescope ... 42 00:01:49,343 --> 00:01:52,379 is, and you know exactly how the light is falling on your ... 43 00:01:52,379 --> 00:01:55,515 detector, it turns out that you can prove, you can actually ... 44 00:01:55,515 --> 00:01:58,752 prove mathematically that, that is enough information to ... 45 00:01:58,752 --> 00:02:00,887 tell you exactly what you need to do to that telescope to ... 46 00:02:00,887 --> 00:02:03,190 fix the alignment errors. 47 00:02:03,190 --> 00:02:04,191 And why do we know this? 48 00:02:04,191 --> 00:02:05,459 We know this because of something called the ... 49 00:02:05,459 --> 00:02:06,994 pupil imaging lens. 50 00:02:06,994 --> 00:02:09,496 And this allows us to take a picture of the ... 51 00:02:09,496 --> 00:02:10,831 primary mirror of the telescope. 52 00:02:10,831 --> 00:02:14,668 People refer to it as a selfie, well that’s what it is actually. 53 00:02:14,668 --> 00:02:17,170 But that’s really important mathematically. 54 00:02:17,170 --> 00:02:18,839 Now there is a catch however. 55 00:02:18,839 --> 00:02:23,510 Just because you know a solution to something exist does not ... 56 00:02:23,510 --> 00:02:25,545 automatically give you that solution. 57 00:02:25,545 --> 00:02:27,347 And that is the difficult part. 58 00:02:27,347 --> 00:02:29,282 That what we’ve spent 20 years working out. 59 00:02:29,282 --> 00:02:33,320 Its highly mathematical, uses something Fourier analysis. 60 00:02:33,320 --> 00:02:36,823 But that’s what we do, is we tease out those solutions, ... 61 00:02:36,823 --> 00:02:40,060 and we find what we need to do to each optical element ... 62 00:02:40,060 --> 00:02:41,561 to achieve perfection. 63 00:02:41,561 --> 00:02:42,562 Music 64 00:02:42,562 --> 00:02:45,899 We then turn to a different way of doing phase retrieval. 65 00:02:45,899 --> 00:02:48,035 Across the entire aperture of the telescope at the ... 66 00:02:48,035 --> 00:02:49,970 same time, and for that we’re not going to take the ... 67 00:02:49,970 --> 00:02:51,138 telescope out of focus. 68 00:02:51,138 --> 00:02:53,774 Instead we some lens that are in one of the ... 69 00:02:53,774 --> 00:02:56,109 science instruments that we use to automatically to create a ... 70 00:02:56,109 --> 00:02:57,711 defocused image. 71 00:02:57,711 --> 00:03:00,714 And we look at these images, an taken as a whole, then ... 72 00:03:00,714 --> 00:03:04,217 we can tell the last little bit of alignment errors in the ... 73 00:03:04,217 --> 00:03:05,352 telescope that we need to fix. 74 00:03:05,352 --> 00:03:07,054 And that is what we accomplished today. 75 00:03:07,054 --> 00:03:08,055 Music 76 00:03:08,055 --> 00:03:10,691 We analyzed those images and we applied the corrections ... 77 00:03:10,691 --> 00:03:12,359 leading to the de-fractional imaging, the perfect ... 78 00:03:12,359 --> 00:03:13,960 performance of the telescope. 79 00:03:13,960 --> 00:03:14,528 Music 80 00:03:14,528 --> 00:03:18,598 So there is only one thing left to do, and that’s to see how ... 81 00:03:18,598 --> 00:03:21,902 well the telescope is aligned in the other science instruments. 82 00:03:21,902 --> 00:03:24,271 And we’ll check the alignments there, and if necessary ... 83 00:03:24,271 --> 00:03:26,873 we’ll apply a solution that optimizes for the ... 84 00:03:26,873 --> 00:03:28,208 entire telescope. 85 00:03:28,208 --> 00:03:29,309 Music 86 00:03:29,309 --> 00:03:32,446 We then periodically measure the alignment of the telescope, ... 87 00:03:32,446 --> 00:03:34,214 and made corrections as necessary. 88 00:03:34,214 --> 00:03:36,216 Music 89 00:03:36,216 --> 00:03:39,019 I cannot wait to see what it discovers. 90 00:03:39,019 --> 00:03:43,390 Music