WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:18.151 --> 00:00:45.979 [MUSIC] 2 00:00:45.979 --> 00:00:48.782 3 00:00:48.782 --> 00:00:51.401 4 00:00:51.468 --> 00:00:53.303 >> A LONG TIME AGO ALL WE COULD 5 00:00:53.369 --> 00:00:55.405 DO IS LOOK UP AT THE STARS AND 6 00:00:55.472 --> 00:00:56.639 WONDER WHAT THEY WERE. 7 00:00:56.706 --> 00:00:58.208 THEN WE LEARNED WITH THE HELP OF 8 00:00:58.274 --> 00:00:59.809 TELESCOPES AND TECHNOLOGY TO 9 00:00:59.876 --> 00:01:02.479 EXTEND OUR HUMAN SENSES FURTHER. 10 00:01:02.545 --> 00:01:04.247 FURTHER THAN THOSE FIRST HUMANS 11 00:01:04.314 --> 00:01:05.381 COULD IMAGINE. 12 00:01:05.448 --> 00:01:06.950 BUT WE HAVE NOT REACHED THE END 13 00:01:07.016 --> 00:01:07.650 YET. 14 00:01:07.717 --> 00:01:09.786 WE KNOW THERE ARE MORE WONDERS 15 00:01:09.853 --> 00:01:11.054 OUT THERE AND WE KNOW THERE IS 16 00:01:11.121 --> 00:01:12.222 FURTHER TO SEE. 17 00:01:12.288 --> 00:01:17.794 IF WE SEEK NEW VIEWS OF OUR 18 00:01:17.861 --> 00:01:21.231 UNIVERSE, HUMANITY NEEDS FRESH 19 00:01:21.297 --> 00:01:22.899 EYES TO SEE THE UNIVERSE IN A 20 00:01:22.966 --> 00:01:24.768 WAY WE NEVER HAVE BEFORE. 21 00:01:24.834 --> 00:01:27.237 WELCOME TO GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT 22 00:01:27.303 --> 00:01:28.037 CENTER. 23 00:01:28.104 --> 00:01:32.842 I'M MICHELLE THALLER. 24 00:01:32.909 --> 00:01:36.045 IN A FEW WEEKS, WE'LL RELEASE 25 00:01:36.112 --> 00:01:47.023 THE JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE. 26 00:01:47.090 --> 00:01:50.126 THE LARGEST AND OH MOST 27 00:01:50.193 --> 00:01:52.362 AMBITIOUS OBSERVATORY LAUNCHED 28 00:01:52.428 --> 00:01:53.830 INTO SPACE. 29 00:01:53.897 --> 00:01:58.268 WHILE THE PROMISE OF WEBB TO 30 00:01:58.334 --> 00:01:59.969 EXPAND OUR UNIVERSITY, THE 31 00:02:00.036 --> 00:02:05.975 MARVEL OF WEBB IS SOMETHING OF 32 00:02:06.042 --> 00:02:07.343 ITSELF. 33 00:02:07.410 --> 00:02:09.078 HERE WE HAVE ERIC SMITH. 34 00:02:09.145 --> 00:02:11.447 >> HI, MICHELLE. 35 00:02:11.514 --> 00:02:12.315 IT'S GREAT TO BE HERE. 36 00:02:12.382 --> 00:02:13.449 >> TELL US ABOUT THE HISTORY OF 37 00:02:13.516 --> 00:02:15.151 WEBB AND HOW IT FITS IN. 38 00:02:15.218 --> 00:02:16.653 >> SURE, WELL, TO CONTINUE THE 39 00:02:16.719 --> 00:02:18.521 STORY OF HOW TELESCOPES AND 40 00:02:18.588 --> 00:02:19.756 TECHNOLOGY CHANGE OUR VIEW OF 41 00:02:19.823 --> 00:02:22.392 THE UNIVERSE, I'M GOING TO START 42 00:02:22.458 --> 00:02:26.062 IN THE 18 40'S WITH A TELESCOPE 43 00:02:26.129 --> 00:02:31.367 KNOWN AS OH LIVAIATHO PARSONS 44 00:02:31.434 --> 00:02:32.202 TOWN. 45 00:02:32.268 --> 00:02:38.374 THIS WAS USED TO STUDY NEBULA, 46 00:02:38.441 --> 00:02:40.210 AND WHAT YOU SEE ON THE SCREEN 47 00:02:40.276 --> 00:02:42.612 HERE IS A DRAWING OF WHAT WE NOW 48 00:02:42.679 --> 00:02:44.647 KNOW IS A GALAXY. 49 00:02:44.714 --> 00:02:47.317 THIS WAS MADE BY WILLIAM PARSONS 50 00:02:47.383 --> 00:02:49.252 BACK IN 1845. 51 00:02:49.319 --> 00:02:51.988 NOW, IF WE FAST FORWARD ABOUT 70 52 00:02:52.055 --> 00:02:53.656 YEARS, THE WORLD HAS A NEW 53 00:02:53.723 --> 00:02:57.527 LARGEST TELESCOPE. 54 00:02:57.594 --> 00:03:02.265 IT WAS 100-INCH BY MATT WILSON, 55 00:03:02.332 --> 00:03:04.500 AND HE USED THIS TELESCOPE TO 56 00:03:04.567 --> 00:03:06.536 STUDY THESE GALAXIES. 57 00:03:06.603 --> 00:03:08.671 BY THEN WE KNOW THEY'RE 58 00:03:08.738 --> 00:03:09.472 GALAXIES. 59 00:03:09.539 --> 00:03:11.374 AND WHAT HE FOUND WAS THAT THE 60 00:03:11.441 --> 00:03:14.377 FURTHER AWAY THE GALAXY, THE 61 00:03:14.444 --> 00:03:15.979 FARTHER IT WAS MOVING. 62 00:03:16.045 --> 00:03:21.184 HE WAS EXPLAINING THE TELESCOPE 63 00:03:21.251 --> 00:03:22.418 THAT HE HAS. 64 00:03:22.485 --> 00:03:23.353 YOU CAN TRACE THE ARC OF A LOT 65 00:03:23.419 --> 00:03:25.555 OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE AND 66 00:03:25.622 --> 00:03:27.924 ASTRONOMY OF THE 20TH CENTURY OF 67 00:03:27.991 --> 00:03:30.393 MORE OR LESS A CHASE OF GALAXIES 68 00:03:30.460 --> 00:03:33.096 SEEKING AN EVER-FURTHER GALAXY 69 00:03:33.162 --> 00:03:34.931 TRYING TO FIND THE VERY FIRST 70 00:03:34.998 --> 00:03:35.698 GALAXIES. 71 00:03:35.765 --> 00:03:37.500 WELL, IF WE MOVE TO THE END OF 72 00:03:37.567 --> 00:03:39.869 THE 20TH CENTURY, WE DEPLOY THE 73 00:03:39.936 --> 00:03:44.040 MOST POWERFUL TELESCOPE WE'VE 74 00:03:44.107 --> 00:03:46.175 EVER HAD, THE HUBBLE SPACE 75 00:03:46.242 --> 00:03:49.445 TELESCOPE, AND IT, TOO, ATTEMPTS 76 00:03:49.512 --> 00:03:52.548 TO FIND THESE GALAXIES. 77 00:03:52.615 --> 00:03:57.854 YOU SEE A COMPARISON OF 1840 TO 78 00:03:57.921 --> 00:04:01.257 HUBBLE'S VIEW OF THE N-51 79 00:04:01.324 --> 00:04:01.524 GALAXY. 80 00:04:01.591 --> 00:04:06.229 HUBBLE TRIES TO FIND THESE FIRST 81 00:04:06.296 --> 00:04:07.931 GALAXIES AND IT CAN'T. 82 00:04:07.997 --> 00:04:12.201 WE KNOW WE NEED TO FIND A NEW 83 00:04:12.268 --> 00:04:14.070 TELESCOPE. 84 00:04:14.137 --> 00:04:15.972 NOT ONLY WILL IT HELP US 85 00:04:16.039 --> 00:04:17.974 COMPLETE THIS CHASE OF GALAXIES 86 00:04:18.041 --> 00:04:20.343 BUT IT PROMISES TO ALLOW US TO 87 00:04:20.410 --> 00:04:21.978 EXPLORE THE ATMOSPHERE, 88 00:04:22.045 --> 00:04:27.583 EXOPLANETS AND YOU'LL HEAR ABOUT 89 00:04:27.650 --> 00:04:30.386 THIS AMAZING TELESCOPE AND THE 90 00:04:30.453 --> 00:04:32.355 INSTRUMENTS THAT MAKE IT ALL 91 00:04:32.422 --> 00:04:33.623 POSSIBLE. 92 00:04:33.690 --> 00:04:34.424 >> THAT'S WONDERFUL. 93 00:04:34.490 --> 00:04:36.092 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. 94 00:04:36.159 --> 00:04:37.460 >> AS WE TALK ABOUT THE 95 00:04:37.527 --> 00:04:39.028 INSTRUMENTS WE NEED TO TALK 96 00:04:39.095 --> 00:04:41.898 ABOUT THIS AMAZING GIANT MIRROR. 97 00:04:41.965 --> 00:04:44.200 THERE IS NOBODY BETTER TO SPEAK 98 00:04:44.267 --> 00:04:45.902 TO US ABOUT THAT THAN LEE 99 00:04:45.969 --> 00:04:47.470 FEINBERG. 100 00:04:47.537 --> 00:04:49.305 LEE, TELL US ABOUT THE 101 00:04:49.372 --> 00:04:52.008 INCREDIBLE MIRRORS OF THESE 102 00:04:52.075 --> 00:04:54.544 INCREDIBLE INSTRUMENTS WE'LL 103 00:04:54.610 --> 00:04:55.311 USE. 104 00:04:55.378 --> 00:04:56.713 >> AT SIX AND A HALF METERS IT 105 00:04:56.779 --> 00:05:00.249 WAS TOO BIG TO FIT IN A ROCKET. 106 00:05:00.316 --> 00:05:01.951 WE DESIGNED IT SO THAT IT WOULD 107 00:05:02.018 --> 00:05:03.653 UNFOLD IN SPACE. 108 00:05:03.720 --> 00:05:05.555 IT DOES IT LIKE A DROP-LEAF 109 00:05:05.621 --> 00:05:06.956 TABLE. 110 00:05:07.023 --> 00:05:08.291 AND TO DO THAT WE NEEDED THE 111 00:05:08.358 --> 00:05:13.196 MIRRORS TO BE IN SEGMENTS. 112 00:05:13.262 --> 00:05:15.565 ALL 16 MIRRORS HAVE THE SAME 113 00:05:15.631 --> 00:05:18.167 MECHANICAL DESIGN, AND THEY'RE 114 00:05:18.234 --> 00:05:21.671 MADE OUT OF BERYLLIUM. 115 00:05:21.738 --> 00:05:26.542 AND BERYLLIUM IS IDEAL FOR THESE 116 00:05:26.609 --> 00:05:27.677 COLD TEMPERATURES. 117 00:05:27.744 --> 00:05:30.947 AND WE COOKED THEM IN GOLD. 118 00:05:31.014 --> 00:05:32.482 GOLD IS GOOD FOR THE HIGH 119 00:05:32.548 --> 00:05:35.084 REFLECTION AND CAPTURE ALL THE 120 00:05:35.151 --> 00:05:35.785 PHOTONS. 121 00:05:35.852 --> 00:05:37.220 >> THAT WILL BE WONDERFUL. 122 00:05:37.286 --> 00:05:38.755 IS THERE ANYTHING ELSE YOU WOULD 123 00:05:38.821 --> 00:05:40.456 LIKE TO ADD ABOUT THE MIRROR 124 00:05:40.523 --> 00:05:41.524 BEFORE WE GO? 125 00:05:41.591 --> 00:05:43.092 >> THE MIRROR ON WEBB IS 126 00:05:43.159 --> 00:05:46.195 ACTUALLY MUCH LARGER THAN 127 00:05:46.262 --> 00:05:49.832 PREVIOUS SPACE TELESCOPES. 128 00:05:49.899 --> 00:05:51.501 IN FACT, IT'S LIGHTER AS WELL. 129 00:05:51.567 --> 00:05:54.003 THE PRIMARY MIRROR FOR THE 130 00:05:54.070 --> 00:06:01.577 HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE IS 20 131 00:06:01.644 --> 00:06:04.113 TIMES HEIFERRER. 132 00:06:04.180 --> 00:06:06.115 IF YOU COMPARE IT TO THE SPITZER 133 00:06:06.182 --> 00:06:09.986 SPACE TELESCOPE WHICH NASA 134 00:06:10.053 --> 00:06:15.625 LAUNCHED YEARS AGO, IT WORKS AT 135 00:06:15.691 --> 00:06:19.462 SHORTER WAVELENGTHS THAN THE 136 00:06:19.529 --> 00:06:21.798 SPITZER WORKS AT, AND ALMOST TO 137 00:06:21.864 --> 00:06:24.300 THE WAVELENGTH THAT HUBBLE WORKS 138 00:06:24.367 --> 00:06:24.801 AT. 139 00:06:24.867 --> 00:06:26.436 >> WE'LL SEE YOU FOR QUESTIONS 140 00:06:26.502 --> 00:06:27.270 LATER ON. 141 00:06:27.336 --> 00:06:27.570 >> OKAY. 142 00:06:27.637 --> 00:06:29.205 >> THE NEXT PERSON WHO WILL BE 143 00:06:29.272 --> 00:06:32.241 JOINING US IS MARCIA RIEKE. 144 00:06:32.308 --> 00:06:36.512 SPES' SPEAKING TO US FROM THE 145 00:06:36.579 --> 00:06:39.048 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA. 146 00:06:39.115 --> 00:06:44.153 MARCIA, ARE YOU JOINING US? 147 00:06:44.220 --> 00:06:46.055 >> I'M HERE AND VERY HAPPY TO 148 00:06:46.122 --> 00:06:47.990 TALK ABOUT NIRCam. 149 00:06:48.057 --> 00:06:48.624 OKAY. 150 00:06:48.691 --> 00:06:54.430 NIRCam IS A DUAL-PURPOSE 151 00:06:54.497 --> 00:06:55.698 INSTRUMENT. 152 00:06:55.765 --> 00:06:57.834 AS LEE MENTIONED, THE TELESCOPE 153 00:06:57.900 --> 00:07:00.103 MIRROR COMES IN 18 SEGMENTS AND 154 00:07:00.169 --> 00:07:01.504 THEY HAVE TO BE ALIGNED. 155 00:07:01.571 --> 00:07:03.840 SO YOU CAN SEE NIRCam IS ALSO 156 00:07:03.906 --> 00:07:06.542 DUAL IN THE SENSE OF HOW IT WAS 157 00:07:06.609 --> 00:07:07.410 CONSTRUCTED. 158 00:07:07.477 --> 00:07:12.482 IT HAS TWO IDENTICAL HALVES 159 00:07:12.548 --> 00:07:13.549 BOTTLED TOGETHER. 160 00:07:13.616 --> 00:07:16.285 THAT GIVES US THE REDUNDANCY SO 161 00:07:16.352 --> 00:07:19.455 THAT NIRCam CAN ALWAYS ALIGN 162 00:07:19.522 --> 00:07:21.090 THOSE MIRROR SEGMENTS. 163 00:07:21.157 --> 00:07:23.292 THIS IS A BIG ADVANTAGE FOR DEEP 164 00:07:23.359 --> 00:07:24.861 SURVEYS BECAUSE WE CAN LOOK AT 165 00:07:24.927 --> 00:07:26.662 TWICE THE SKY. 166 00:07:26.729 --> 00:07:28.164 AND WHAT YOU'RE ALSO GOING TO 167 00:07:28.231 --> 00:07:34.670 SEE IS LIGHT SENSOR PACKAGE HERE 168 00:07:34.737 --> 00:07:37.673 ON CAMPUS WHERE WE GAVE IT IT'S 169 00:07:37.740 --> 00:07:38.941 FINAL RUN THROUGH. 170 00:07:39.008 --> 00:07:47.583 IT HAS 16 MEGA PIXELS, WHICH IS 171 00:07:47.650 --> 00:07:49.352 A LOT OF PIXELS FOR SITTING A 172 00:07:49.418 --> 00:07:51.454 MILLION MILES AWAY FROM EARTH. 173 00:07:51.521 --> 00:07:53.189 YOU MIGHT ASK WHAT ARE WE GOING 174 00:07:53.256 --> 00:07:56.392 TO DO WITH ALL THOSE PIXELS? 175 00:07:56.459 --> 00:07:58.127 WE HAVE SEVERAL VERY BIG SCIENCE 176 00:07:58.194 --> 00:08:01.430 PROJECTS THAT WE'RE GOING TO DO. 177 00:08:01.497 --> 00:08:04.200 ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WAS PART 178 00:08:04.267 --> 00:08:06.402 OF THE ORIGINAL PLAN FOR THE 179 00:08:06.469 --> 00:08:08.237 TELESCOPE WAS TO LOOK FOR THE 180 00:08:08.304 --> 00:08:09.805 VERY FIRST GALAXIES TO FORM 181 00:08:09.872 --> 00:08:11.374 AFTER THE BIG BANG. 182 00:08:11.440 --> 00:08:13.376 WE KNOW AND HERE YOU CAN SEE THE 183 00:08:13.442 --> 00:08:15.711 BIG DIPPER, AND WE'RE GOING TO 184 00:08:15.778 --> 00:08:17.280 ZOOM IN TO THE KIND OF IMAGE 185 00:08:17.346 --> 00:08:19.715 THAT HUBBLE TOOK AS BEST AS IT 186 00:08:19.782 --> 00:08:22.118 CAN DO ON THESE VERY DISTANT, 187 00:08:22.185 --> 00:08:23.986 VERY RED OBJECTS. 188 00:08:24.053 --> 00:08:26.589 AND SHORTLY A RED BLOB WILL 189 00:08:26.656 --> 00:08:27.523 APPEAR. 190 00:08:27.590 --> 00:08:28.858 WE'RE SEEING THE LIGHT FROM THIS 191 00:08:28.925 --> 00:08:31.527 GALAXY AS IT LEFT 400 MILLION 192 00:08:31.594 --> 00:08:33.529 YEARS AFTER THE BIG BANG, ABOUT 193 00:08:33.596 --> 00:08:36.666 3% THE AGE OF THE UNIVERSE. 194 00:08:36.732 --> 00:08:44.540 THIS PARTICULAR GALAXY IS 195 00:08:44.607 --> 00:08:46.242 EXTREMELY BRIGHT. 196 00:08:46.309 --> 00:08:47.843 WE HOPE HE CAN GET EVEN CLOSER 197 00:08:47.910 --> 00:08:50.379 IN TIME TO THE BIG GANG THAN 198 00:08:50.446 --> 00:08:52.281 WHAT THIS GALAXY IS. 199 00:08:52.348 --> 00:08:54.617 NOW LOOKING FOR DISTANT GALAXIES 200 00:08:54.684 --> 00:08:56.752 IS NOT THE ONLY SCIENCE THAT 201 00:08:56.819 --> 00:08:58.321 NIRCam CAN DO. 202 00:08:58.387 --> 00:09:00.022 IT CAN BE USED FOR MANY 203 00:09:00.089 --> 00:09:01.691 PROJECTS, INCLUDING LOOKING AT 204 00:09:01.757 --> 00:09:03.426 THE ATMOSPHERES OF PLANETS 205 00:09:03.492 --> 00:09:05.127 ORBITING OTHER STARS, 206 00:09:05.194 --> 00:09:08.130 EXOPLANETS. 207 00:09:08.197 --> 00:09:09.498 THE WAY WE'RE GOING TO DO THAT 208 00:09:09.565 --> 00:09:13.502 IS BY USING THE TRANSIT 209 00:09:13.569 --> 00:09:14.403 TECHNIQUE. 210 00:09:14.470 --> 00:09:15.738 WE'LL OBSERVE A STAR. 211 00:09:15.805 --> 00:09:17.306 THE PLANET WILL PASS IN FRONT OF 212 00:09:17.373 --> 00:09:19.475 IT, AND THE LIGHT FROM THE STAR 213 00:09:19.542 --> 00:09:21.043 WILL BE DIMMED FOR A LITTLE 214 00:09:21.110 --> 00:09:21.744 WHILE. 215 00:09:21.811 --> 00:09:24.113 IF WE ANALYZE HOW THAT LIGHT 216 00:09:24.180 --> 00:09:27.383 GETS DIM AND WHAT COLORS WHY OF 217 00:09:27.450 --> 00:09:31.120 WEATHER RUMPLE WE'LL SEE WHAT 218 00:09:31.187 --> 00:09:32.955 KIND OF MOLECULES ARE IN THAT 219 00:09:33.022 --> 00:09:34.090 ATMOSPHERE. 220 00:09:34.156 --> 00:09:35.424 THAT'S NOT THE ONLY WAY WE CAN 221 00:09:35.491 --> 00:09:37.793 OBSERVE THE PLANETS. 222 00:09:37.860 --> 00:09:39.929 WE ALSO HAVE THE CAPABILITY TOO 223 00:09:39.996 --> 00:09:48.070 LOOK AT THEM TALENT WITH WITH 224 00:09:48.137 --> 00:09:49.472 ORDINARILY YOU CAN'T SEE THESE 225 00:09:49.538 --> 00:09:50.339 PLANETS. 226 00:09:50.406 --> 00:09:52.942 HERE IS A HYPOTHETICAL ROCKET 227 00:09:53.009 --> 00:09:55.578 SHIP GOING THROUGH THIS EXOSOLAR 228 00:09:55.645 --> 00:09:56.479 SYSTEM. 229 00:09:56.545 --> 00:09:57.713 WHEN YOU'RE ACTUALLY THERE YOU 230 00:09:57.780 --> 00:09:58.881 CAN SEE THE PLANET. 231 00:09:58.948 --> 00:10:00.516 BUT IF YOU MOVE FAR AWAY LIKE 232 00:10:00.583 --> 00:10:03.119 OUR VANTAGE POINT WITH WEBB, 233 00:10:03.185 --> 00:10:04.820 THAT PLANET GETS LOST IN THE 234 00:10:04.887 --> 00:10:06.122 GLARE OF THE SUN, AND YOU HAVE 235 00:10:06.188 --> 00:10:07.857 TO BLOT OUT THE STARLIGHT USING 236 00:10:07.923 --> 00:10:12.128 A CORONA GRAPH. 237 00:10:12.194 --> 00:10:15.431 THAT'S JUST A QUICK SAMPLER OF 238 00:10:15.498 --> 00:10:19.335 THINGS WE'LL DO WITH NIRCam. 239 00:10:19.402 --> 00:10:23.806 >> NOW, IT IS NOT JUST AN 240 00:10:23.873 --> 00:10:26.042 IMAGING CAMERA, BUT IT HAS A LOT 241 00:10:26.108 --> 00:10:34.183 TO DO WITH SPECTRA AS WELL. 242 00:10:34.250 --> 00:10:36.319 WE'LL GO TO PIERRE FERRUIT WHO 243 00:10:36.385 --> 00:10:38.321 CAN TELL US MORE ABOUT THIS 244 00:10:38.387 --> 00:10:42.124 SPECK TOGRAPHY. 245 00:10:42.191 --> 00:10:48.130 >> ( L" ). 246 00:10:48.197 --> 00:10:53.836 >> THIS IS A SPECTROGRAPH, AND 247 00:10:53.903 --> 00:11:14.390 THE WE USE SPECTROGRAPH WORKS A 248 00:11:14.457 --> 00:11:15.491 LITTLE BIT DIFFERENTLY. 249 00:11:15.558 --> 00:11:22.832 AS YOU CAN SEE ON THE SCREEN, IT 250 00:11:22.898 --> 00:11:24.667 CREATES WHAT WE CALL A SPECTRUM. 251 00:11:24.734 --> 00:11:31.107 HOW IT IS MADE, AND IT'S A 252 00:11:31.173 --> 00:11:33.209 FORMATION, BUT THIS IS GOING TO 253 00:11:33.275 --> 00:11:37.146 PUT THE SCIENCE ALL AROUND THE 254 00:11:37.213 --> 00:11:38.047 WORLD. 255 00:11:38.114 --> 00:11:52.294 ALL THE INSTRUMENTS ARE USED FOR 256 00:11:52.361 --> 00:11:53.429 MIRI. 257 00:11:53.496 --> 00:11:56.365 IF WE TAKE A LITTLE RED BLOB 258 00:11:56.432 --> 00:11:59.402 FROM THE VERY DISTANT GALAXY. 259 00:11:59.468 --> 00:12:03.038 THEY'RE SO FAR AWAY, 13 BILLION 260 00:12:03.105 --> 00:12:05.474 LIGHT YEARS AWAY. 261 00:12:05.541 --> 00:12:06.942 SO TO OBSERVE THEM WE HAVE TO 262 00:12:07.009 --> 00:12:08.244 STAY UP FOR HOURS. 263 00:12:08.310 --> 00:12:13.215 THIS IS WHERE IT IS DESIGNED TO 264 00:12:13.282 --> 00:12:17.219 OBSERVE 200 OF THEM AT THE SAME 265 00:12:17.286 --> 00:12:19.655 TIME, NOT JUST ONE. 266 00:12:19.722 --> 00:12:23.692 TO DO THAT, WE USE A VERY 267 00:12:23.759 --> 00:12:25.261 SPECIAL DEVICE THAT YOU SEE ON 268 00:12:25.327 --> 00:12:25.961 THE SCREEN. 269 00:12:26.028 --> 00:12:30.466 IT IS CLOSE TO A QUARTER OF A 270 00:12:30.533 --> 00:12:33.502 MILLION VERY TINY LITTLE DOORS 271 00:12:33.569 --> 00:12:35.704 THAT YOU CAN OPEN AND CLOSE AT 272 00:12:35.771 --> 00:12:36.472 WILL. 273 00:12:36.539 --> 00:12:44.513 AND TO OBSERVE THE. 274 00:12:44.580 --> 00:12:45.881 "P" OPEN THE DOORS IN FRONT OF 275 00:12:45.948 --> 00:12:48.150 THESE OBJECTS, AND WE CAN GET 276 00:12:48.217 --> 00:12:51.987 INDIVIDUAL FOR THESE OBJECTS. 277 00:12:52.054 --> 00:12:54.089 CLOSE TO 200 AT ONCE. 278 00:12:54.156 --> 00:12:57.693 THAT'S AN EXAMPLE. 279 00:12:57.760 --> 00:13:00.529 WE CAN VIEW AN OBJECT AT THE 280 00:13:00.596 --> 00:13:01.497 SAME TIME. 281 00:13:01.564 --> 00:13:04.400 BUT SOMETIMES SCIENTISTS ARE NOT 282 00:13:04.467 --> 00:13:14.076 INTERESTED IN GETTING PICTURES 283 00:13:14.143 --> 00:13:16.145 FROM SEVERAL OBJECTS. 284 00:13:16.212 --> 00:13:17.713 SOMETIMES THEY WANT PICTURES OF 285 00:13:17.780 --> 00:13:19.715 JUST ONE OBJECT. 286 00:13:19.782 --> 00:13:22.218 THEY CAN SLICE THE OBJECT INTO 287 00:13:22.284 --> 00:13:23.652 20 SLICES. 288 00:13:23.719 --> 00:13:31.660 YOU CAN SEE IT EACH OF THESE 289 00:13:31.727 --> 00:13:41.337 WILL GIVE YOU 40 SPECTRUMS, AND 290 00:13:41.403 --> 00:13:42.905 THEN FROM THAT YOU'RE ABLE TO 291 00:13:42.972 --> 00:13:49.879 MAP THE STANDARD OBJECT LIKE THE 292 00:13:49.945 --> 00:13:50.112 GALAXY. 293 00:13:50.179 --> 00:13:54.817 NEXT WE'LL GIVE YOU AN OVERVIEW 294 00:13:54.884 --> 00:14:06.061 OF WHAT THEIR PA WE'LL NEED VERY 295 00:14:06.128 --> 00:14:08.664 NICE TOOLBOX FOR SCIENTISTS. 296 00:14:08.731 --> 00:14:12.501 AND TO FOCUS ON THIS IMAGE. 297 00:14:12.568 --> 00:14:18.374 WE ARE READY, AND WE'RE WAITING 298 00:14:18.440 --> 00:14:22.278 TO START USING IT IN SPACE. 299 00:14:22.344 --> 00:14:24.780 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, PIERRE. 300 00:14:24.847 --> 00:14:25.948 SO IN KEEPING WITH OUR THEME 301 00:14:26.015 --> 00:14:27.182 THAT THIS IS A VERY 302 00:14:27.249 --> 00:14:28.384 INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION 303 00:14:28.450 --> 00:14:30.486 WE'RE NOW GOING TO CANADA. 304 00:14:30.553 --> 00:14:32.788 FOR OUR LAST GUEST WE'LL SPEAK 305 00:14:32.855 --> 00:14:34.924 WITH RENE DOYON, AND HE'S AT THE 306 00:14:34.990 --> 00:14:37.660 UNIVERSITY OF MONTREAL. 307 00:14:37.726 --> 00:14:37.860 RENE. 308 00:14:37.927 --> 00:14:39.795 >> I'M VERY GLAD TO BE HERE. 309 00:14:39.862 --> 00:14:56.946 I'M GOING TO TALK TO YOU FINE 310 00:14:57.012 --> 00:15:02.651 GUIDANCE SENSOR. 311 00:15:02.718 --> 00:15:04.787 IF LOOKS AT THE SKY AND PICK UP 312 00:15:04.853 --> 00:15:05.788 STARS. 313 00:15:05.854 --> 00:15:09.959 WE TRACK HIS MOVEMENT WHILE 314 00:15:10.025 --> 00:15:12.661 WESTCHESTER THERE ARE USUALLY 315 00:15:12.728 --> 00:15:13.362 VIBRATIONS. 316 00:15:13.429 --> 00:15:17.466 SO WHAT WE DO, WE SEND A 317 00:15:17.533 --> 00:15:22.538 SIGNIFICANT INSIDE THE 318 00:15:22.605 --> 00:15:22.972 OBSERVATORY. 319 00:15:23.038 --> 00:15:27.676 AND WE CAN THAT WAY GET THE BEST 320 00:15:27.743 --> 00:15:29.411 SHARPERS IMAGES. 321 00:15:29.478 --> 00:15:31.914 JUST TO GIVE YOU AN IDEA OF HOW 322 00:15:31.981 --> 00:15:38.887 ACCURATE IT IT WILL GO ON TO THE 323 00:15:38.954 --> 00:15:41.924 THICKNESS OF A HUMAN HAIR. 324 00:15:41.991 --> 00:15:50.599 OR IF IT'S LIKE BEANS PUNCH FROM 325 00:15:50.666 --> 00:15:52.167 WASHINGTON, D.C. 326 00:15:52.234 --> 00:15:53.569 YOU HAVE TO WORK TO GET THE BEST 327 00:15:53.636 --> 00:15:54.303 IMAGES. 328 00:15:54.370 --> 00:15:55.704 ON THE BACKSIDE WE HAVE THE 329 00:15:55.771 --> 00:15:59.241 SCIENTIFIC MODULE I CALL 330 00:15:59.308 --> 00:15:59.675 NEAREST. 331 00:15:59.742 --> 00:16:12.054 STUMP IT WILL USE IMAGES LIKE 332 00:16:12.121 --> 00:16:35.077 NIRCam, AND THEN SPECTROGRAPHY 333 00:16:35.144 --> 00:16:37.646 WILL LOOK AT THE SYSTEM. 334 00:16:37.713 --> 00:16:40.449 HERE IS AN ANIMATION THAT 335 00:16:40.516 --> 00:16:42.685 ILLUSTRATES THE TECHNIQUE. 336 00:16:42.751 --> 00:16:44.286 LOOKING AT THE TINIEST SLIVER OF 337 00:16:44.353 --> 00:16:46.855 LIGHT FROM THE ATMOSPHERE THAT 338 00:16:46.922 --> 00:16:48.624 IS FILTERED BY THE STARLIGHT, 339 00:16:48.691 --> 00:16:50.192 WHICH IS VERY DIFFICULT TO DO. 340 00:16:50.259 --> 00:16:51.627 WE CAN DO THAT BY HUBBLE AND 341 00:16:51.694 --> 00:17:02.404 WE'LL BE ABLE TO DO IT. 342 00:17:02.471 --> 00:17:07.643 THOSE PLANETS COULD HAVE LIFE. 343 00:17:07.710 --> 00:17:09.278 SO THE BIG QUESTION, DO THESE 344 00:17:09.344 --> 00:17:11.346 PLANETS HAVE AN ATMOSPHERE. 345 00:17:11.413 --> 00:17:12.381 WE'RE SURE GOING TO BE LOOKING 346 00:17:12.448 --> 00:17:14.149 FOR THOSE PLANETS AND SEE 347 00:17:14.216 --> 00:17:22.257 WHETHER THEY HAVE WATER, C. 348 00:17:22.324 --> 00:17:23.859 NOW WE'LL MOVE TO THE SECOND 349 00:17:23.926 --> 00:17:24.693 MODE. 350 00:17:24.760 --> 00:17:42.044 THIS TIME WE'RE GOING TO TAKES 351 00:17:42.111 --> 00:17:45.714 SPECTROGRAPHY. 352 00:17:45.781 --> 00:17:48.784 THIS IS WHERE WE'RE STUDYING THE 353 00:17:48.851 --> 00:17:52.354 GALAXY AND THE CLUSTERS, BUT WE 354 00:17:52.421 --> 00:17:54.590 KNOW THAT THE CLUSTERS HID IN 355 00:17:54.656 --> 00:17:55.691 DARK MATTER. 356 00:17:55.758 --> 00:17:57.693 THAT CLUSTER WILL ACTED LIKE A 357 00:17:57.760 --> 00:18:01.430 GIGANTIC COSMIC TELESCOPE, AND 358 00:18:01.497 --> 00:18:03.432 WE THOUGHT WE WOULD BE ABLE TO 359 00:18:03.499 --> 00:18:13.642 DISTALK PUBLIC NOW, THIS IS NOT 360 00:18:13.709 --> 00:18:19.148 AS EFFICIENT, BUT IN ONE SHOT IT 361 00:18:19.214 --> 00:18:24.153 WILL TAKE 3,000 GALAXIES 20 362 00:18:24.219 --> 00:18:37.366 TIMES WHAT NIRSpec CAN DO. 363 00:18:37.432 --> 00:18:40.769 THEY ARE VERY HIGH-DISTANCE 364 00:18:40.836 --> 00:18:42.037 OBJECTS. 365 00:18:42.104 --> 00:18:50.746 AND THEN APERTURE MASKS SPECT 366 00:18:50.813 --> 00:18:54.049 ROGRAPHY. 367 00:18:54.049 --> 00:18:59.855 WE'LL BE ABLE TO DETECT WELL THE 368 00:18:59.922 --> 00:19:03.525 DARK SPOT THAT MARCIA WAS 369 00:19:03.592 --> 00:19:04.860 EXPLAINING. 370 00:19:04.927 --> 00:19:06.995 WE'LL BE AGE TO. 371 00:19:07.062 --> 00:19:15.571 WHERE WE'RE EXCITED TO GET THAT 372 00:19:15.637 --> 00:19:17.739 UP IN THE SKY AND WE CAN'T WAIT 373 00:19:17.806 --> 00:19:19.007 FOR LAUNCH. 374 00:19:19.074 --> 00:19:21.143 >> IT HAS BEEN A LONG JOURNEY TO 375 00:19:21.210 --> 00:19:22.978 GET READY FOR THE LAUNCH BUT IT 376 00:19:23.045 --> 00:19:24.746 PALES WHAT LAYS AHEAD. 377 00:19:24.813 --> 00:19:25.848 IT NEEDS TO TRAVEL A MILLION 378 00:19:25.914 --> 00:19:27.382 MILES AWAY FROM EARTH BEFORE IT 379 00:19:27.449 --> 00:19:29.117 EXAMINE BEGIN ITS QUEST FOR 380 00:19:29.184 --> 00:19:31.353 ANCIENT LIGHT. 381 00:19:31.420 --> 00:19:35.390 IT IS LOCATED IN KOUROU, FRENCH 382 00:19:35.457 --> 00:19:37.092 GUIANA. 383 00:19:37.159 --> 00:19:39.361 IT IS A GATEWAY TO THE STARS. 384 00:19:39.428 --> 00:19:41.496 FEW PLACES ON EARTH HAS SOUND 385 00:19:41.563 --> 00:19:43.332 SCAPES THAT INCLUDE THE ROAR OF 386 00:19:43.398 --> 00:19:47.636 ROCKETS FOLLOWED BY TROPICAL 387 00:19:47.703 --> 00:19:49.905 JUNGLE. 388 00:19:49.972 --> 00:19:57.713 ONCE AT THE INSTITUTE IT IS HERE 389 00:19:57.779 --> 00:19:58.981 THEY WILL CONTROL THE SPACECRAFT 390 00:19:59.047 --> 00:20:00.682 BUT GATHER DATA FROM THE 391 00:20:00.749 --> 00:20:02.851 TELESCOPE SCIENCE INSTRUMENTS. 392 00:20:02.918 --> 00:20:04.987 SO WE'RE GOING TO TAKE A QUICK 393 00:20:05.053 --> 00:20:05.821 BREAK. 394 00:20:05.888 --> 00:20:07.389 WHEN WE COME BACK WE'LL TAKE 395 00:20:07.456 --> 00:20:08.724 LIVE QUESTIONS FROM THE MEDIA. 396 00:20:08.790 --> 00:20:10.092 IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS OF YOUR 397 00:20:10.158 --> 00:20:14.062 OWN, YOU CAN USE #NASA WEB. 398 00:20:14.129 --> 00:20:15.564 WE'LL BE BACK TO TALK TO THIS 399 00:20:15.631 --> 00:20:18.100 EXTRAORDINARY PANEL OF 400 00:20:18.166 --> 00:20:20.402 SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS ABOUT 401 00:20:20.469 --> 00:20:24.039 THE INNER WORKING OF THE 402 00:20:24.106 --> 00:20:25.641 TELESCOPE. 403 00:20:25.707 --> 00:20:29.144 >> IN NASA'S PODCAST, NASA IS 404 00:20:29.211 --> 00:20:31.146 YOUR TOUR GUIDE. 405 00:20:31.213 --> 00:20:32.915 JOIN WITH. 406 00:20:32.981 --> 00:20:41.423 IN. 407 00:20:41.490 --> 00:20:43.992 >> MEET THE EXPERT BEHIND THE 408 00:20:44.059 --> 00:20:48.664 JAMES WEBB TELESCOPE. 409 00:20:48.730 --> 00:20:54.503 VISIT NASA.GOV /PODCAST. 410 00:20:54.569 --> 00:20:55.337 >> WHAT IS OUT THERE? 411 00:20:55.404 --> 00:21:03.645 LET'S FIND OUT. 412 00:21:03.712 --> 00:21:08.083 THE JAMES WEBB. 413 00:21:08.150 --> 00:21:08.750 >> WHOA. 414 00:21:08.817 --> 00:21:12.487 >> CHECK OUT THE MOST 415 00:21:12.554 --> 00:21:17.526 EXTRAORDINARY INSTRUMENT EVER 416 00:21:17.592 --> 00:21:18.293 DESIGNED. 417 00:21:18.360 --> 00:21:19.394 ONLY BY NASA. 418 00:21:19.461 --> 00:21:20.629 >> WELCOME BACK TO THE JAMES 419 00:21:20.696 --> 00:21:23.231 WEBB TELESCOPE PRE-LAUNCH 420 00:21:23.298 --> 00:21:23.932 BRIEFING. 421 00:21:23.999 --> 00:21:26.068 I'M MICHELLE THALLER, AND WE'RE 422 00:21:26.134 --> 00:21:28.737 HERE AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT 423 00:21:28.804 --> 00:21:29.371 CENTER. 424 00:21:29.438 --> 00:21:31.073 WE'LL TAKE QUESTIONS FROM SOCIAL 425 00:21:31.139 --> 00:21:32.507 MEDIA. 426 00:21:32.574 --> 00:21:34.509 AND SO AT THIS TIME I'M GOING TO 427 00:21:34.576 --> 00:21:37.212 ASK THE OPERATOR DO WE HAVE 428 00:21:37.279 --> 00:21:41.016 FIRST QUESTIONS FOR OUR 429 00:21:41.083 --> 00:21:41.717 PANELIST. 430 00:21:41.783 --> 00:21:42.818 >> YES, THANK YOU. 431 00:21:42.884 --> 00:21:45.420 IT IS STAR FOLLOWED BY NUMBER 1. 432 00:21:45.487 --> 00:21:48.156 IF YOU HAVE A QUESTION, UNMUTE 433 00:21:48.223 --> 00:21:51.293 YOUR LINE AND ASK YOUR QUESTION 434 00:21:51.360 --> 00:21:53.161 AS CLEARLY AS POSSIBLE. 435 00:21:53.228 --> 00:21:56.331 THE FIRST QUESTION IS FROM BILL 436 00:21:56.398 --> 00:21:59.301 HARWOOD. 437 00:21:59.368 --> 00:21:59.801 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 438 00:21:59.868 --> 00:22:06.375 CAN YOU PRESCRIBE SOME DEMA I'M 439 00:22:06.441 --> 00:22:08.610 INTERESTED IN HOW YOU'LL USE 440 00:22:08.677 --> 00:22:13.749 NIRCam AND HOW THE POSITION 441 00:22:13.815 --> 00:22:16.518 ACTUATORS WORK, AND HOW IT CAN 442 00:22:16.585 --> 00:22:18.387 CHANGE THE SEGMENT SLIGHTLY IF 443 00:22:18.453 --> 00:22:19.521 NECESSARY AND HOW THAT PROCESS 444 00:22:19.588 --> 00:22:22.090 WORKS OUT TO BRING THOSE 18 445 00:22:22.157 --> 00:22:25.394 INDIVIDUAL INDIVIDUALS BACK TO 446 00:22:25.460 --> 00:22:28.663 THE LIMITED IMAGE. 447 00:22:28.730 --> 00:22:40.442 >> SURE, WHEN WE FIRST START, 448 00:22:40.509 --> 00:22:42.711 THEY'RE HIGHLY MISALIGNED. 449 00:22:42.778 --> 00:22:44.179 THEY SHARE A SECONDARY MIRROR 450 00:22:44.246 --> 00:22:46.248 BUT THEY'LL GET 18 IMAGES OF A 451 00:22:46.314 --> 00:22:48.116 STAR WHEN WE LOOK AT ONE BRIGHT 452 00:22:48.183 --> 00:22:48.850 STAR. 453 00:22:48.917 --> 00:22:50.552 SO OUR GOAL WILL BE FIRST TO 454 00:22:50.619 --> 00:22:52.721 ALIGN THOSE INDIVIDUAL 455 00:22:52.788 --> 00:22:54.589 TELESCOPES AND THEN PUT THEM ON 456 00:22:54.656 --> 00:22:56.792 TOP OF EACH OTHER. 457 00:22:56.858 --> 00:22:58.427 WE'LL PUT THEM RIGHT ON TOP OF 458 00:22:58.493 --> 00:22:59.194 EACH OTHER. 459 00:22:59.261 --> 00:23:00.629 BUT EACH OF THE TELESCOPES ARE 460 00:23:00.695 --> 00:23:02.230 NOT PHASED UP. 461 00:23:02.297 --> 00:23:04.833 BY PHASING I MEAN WE HAVE TO I 462 00:23:04.900 --> 00:23:11.339 AM RUFFLE IT IS ALIGNED AS 463 00:23:11.406 --> 00:23:14.976 THOUGH IT IS 5,000TH OF A 464 00:23:15.043 --> 00:23:20.582 DIAMETER OF A HUMAN HAIR. 465 00:23:20.649 --> 00:23:22.350 WE MOVE THE MIRRORS AROUND, BUT 466 00:23:22.417 --> 00:23:24.386 AS WE GET TO THE END OF THESE 467 00:23:24.453 --> 00:23:27.956 ALGORITHMS WE BORROW ONE FROM 468 00:23:28.023 --> 00:23:30.358 THE SCOPE THAT GETS US WITHIN A 469 00:23:30.425 --> 00:23:32.127 WAVELENGTH OF LIGHT. 470 00:23:32.194 --> 00:23:34.629 THEN AT THE VERY END WE'LL USE 471 00:23:34.696 --> 00:23:38.867 ANNAL GORE RHYTHMMENT WHEN THEY 472 00:23:38.934 --> 00:23:45.707 WERE TRYING TO DESCRIBE THE 473 00:23:45.774 --> 00:23:48.310 ENTREPRENEURIAL AND 120 DAYS IN 474 00:23:48.376 --> 00:23:50.745 WE SHOULD HAVE AN ALIGNED 475 00:23:50.812 --> 00:23:51.446 TELESCOPE. 476 00:23:51.513 --> 00:23:54.716 >> WE'LL GO TO QUESTIONS FROM 477 00:23:54.783 --> 00:23:55.884 SOCIAL MEDIA. 478 00:23:55.951 --> 00:23:57.719 THIS IS GOING TO NIRCam. 479 00:23:57.786 --> 00:24:00.822 THE QUESTION IS HOW CLEAR WILL 480 00:24:00.889 --> 00:24:04.960 WEBB'S PICTURES OF MARS BE? 481 00:24:05.026 --> 00:24:10.232 IS. 482 00:24:10.298 --> 00:24:12.667 [. 483 00:24:12.734 --> 00:24:14.002 >> I CAN ANSWER THAT IN PART. 484 00:24:14.069 --> 00:24:15.437 ONE OF THE BIG CHALLENGES IS 485 00:24:15.504 --> 00:24:17.839 THAT MARS IS ACTUALLY VERY, VERY 486 00:24:17.906 --> 00:24:21.009 BRIGHT IN THE INFRARED. 487 00:24:21.076 --> 00:24:29.851 WHEN THEM AND THE COMPLICATION 488 00:24:29.918 --> 00:24:32.487 IS THAT MARS ROTATES WHILE WE'RE 489 00:24:32.554 --> 00:24:34.089 TAKING A PICTURE. 490 00:24:34.156 --> 00:24:35.323 BUT SOME SCHEMES HAVE BEEN 491 00:24:35.390 --> 00:24:37.292 WORKED OUT, AND I THINK WHEN WE 492 00:24:37.359 --> 00:24:39.761 GET TO THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM, 493 00:24:39.828 --> 00:24:57.145 PLANETS IN THE FLY BYES, WE'LL 494 00:24:57.212 --> 00:25:01.416 BE ABLE TO TRACE OUT THE THINGS 495 00:25:01.483 --> 00:25:03.318 LIKE METHANE. 496 00:25:03.385 --> 00:25:04.819 WE'LL BE ABLE TO LOOK AT MARS, 497 00:25:04.886 --> 00:25:05.787 BUT IT TAKES A LOT OF EFFORT 498 00:25:05.854 --> 00:25:07.389 BECAUSE OF HOW BRIGHT AND HOW 499 00:25:07.455 --> 00:25:10.325 QUICKLY IT ROTATES. 500 00:25:10.392 --> 00:25:12.060 >> ALL RIGHT, AS FAR AS MORE 501 00:25:12.127 --> 00:25:13.662 QUESTIONS FROM SOCIAL MEDIA. 502 00:25:13.728 --> 00:25:14.829 I GUESS THIS IS ONE THAT WE 503 00:25:14.896 --> 00:25:22.404 COULD HAVE IS THERE IS 504 00:25:22.470 --> 00:25:28.376 POSSIBILITY TO SEE THE OMUAMUA, 505 00:25:28.443 --> 00:25:31.079 A COMET THAT WE BELIEVE CAME 506 00:25:31.146 --> 00:25:34.416 FROM ANOTHER SOLAR SYSTEM. 507 00:25:34.482 --> 00:25:37.185 CAN ANYONE ANSWER THE QUESTION 508 00:25:37.252 --> 00:25:42.490 ABOUT INTERSOLAR SYSTEM COMETS? 509 00:25:42.557 --> 00:25:50.999 >> I THINK--I DON'T KNOW IF WE 510 00:25:51.066 --> 00:25:52.867 KNOW ITS ORBIT WELL ENOUGH TO BE 511 00:25:52.934 --> 00:25:55.437 ABLE TO POINT TO IT IN SPACE. 512 00:25:55.503 --> 00:25:57.172 IT SPENT SUCH A SHORT TIME IN 513 00:25:57.239 --> 00:26:02.844 THE SOLAR SYSTEM, IT WHIZZED BY. 514 00:26:02.911 --> 00:26:04.246 IF WE KNOW IT WELL ENOUGH TO 515 00:26:04.312 --> 00:26:07.649 POINT AT IT BY WEBB I'M NOT 516 00:26:07.716 --> 00:26:08.083 SURE. 517 00:26:08.149 --> 00:26:09.417 >> THANK YOU. 518 00:26:09.484 --> 00:26:10.919 SO, THE NEXT QUESTION I BELIEVE, 519 00:26:10.986 --> 00:26:17.158 WE HAVE FROM THE MUFFLE NHL. 520 00:26:17.225 --> 00:26:19.894 >> OUR NEXT QUESTION IS FROM 521 00:26:19.961 --> 00:26:23.164 IRENE, YOUR LINE IS OPEN. 522 00:26:23.231 --> 00:26:24.165 >> I HAD A QUESTION ABOUT 523 00:26:24.232 --> 00:26:25.700 IMAGING THESE EARLIEST 524 00:26:25.767 --> 00:26:28.503 STRUCTURES AFTER THE BIG BANG. 525 00:26:28.570 --> 00:26:33.375 .OFFER IS IT BASED ON 526 00:26:33.441 --> 00:26:36.778 GRAVITATIONAL LENSING OR IS THAT 527 00:26:36.845 --> 00:26:45.053 SOMETHING THAT NAMESLESS. 528 00:26:45.120 --> 00:26:46.187 >> ERIC, WOULD YOU LIKE-- 529 00:26:46.254 --> 00:26:48.890 >> MARCIA, PLEASE GO AHEAD. 530 00:26:48.957 --> 00:26:50.592 >> WE HOPE TO BE ABLE TO IMAGE 531 00:26:50.659 --> 00:26:53.128 THESE VERY DISTANT GALAXIES 532 00:26:53.194 --> 00:26:55.163 DIRECTLY WITHOUT THE HELP OF 533 00:26:55.230 --> 00:26:57.899 GRAVITATIONAL LENSING. 534 00:26:57.966 --> 00:27:02.804 THERE PREVIEW APPROVAL LIKE THE 535 00:27:02.871 --> 00:27:04.239 ONE I SHOWED IN THE VIDEO CAMERA 536 00:27:04.306 --> 00:27:06.274 WE'LL BE ABLE TO DO A LOT. 537 00:27:06.341 --> 00:27:08.276 BUT THE VIRTUE OF SATISFY 538 00:27:08.343 --> 00:27:12.414 FACINGNAL LIPPING WESTCHESTER E 539 00:27:12.480 --> 00:27:14.149 WHATEVER WE SEE DIRECTLY WITH 540 00:27:14.215 --> 00:27:16.718 NIRCam WE CAN GO AFTER WHAT IS 541 00:27:16.785 --> 00:27:24.693 USE APPROXIMATING ANNA NICOLE 542 00:27:24.759 --> 00:27:26.795 STRAIGHTFORWARD IMAGING ON A 543 00:27:26.861 --> 00:27:28.129 BLANK PIECE OF SKY WITH 544 00:27:28.196 --> 00:27:29.264 SOMETHING THAT HAS BEEN 545 00:27:29.331 --> 00:27:32.100 GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED. 546 00:27:32.167 --> 00:27:33.368 >> DID YOU WANT TO ADD ANYTHING 547 00:27:33.435 --> 00:27:34.636 TO THAT? 548 00:27:34.703 --> 00:27:35.937 >> I WAS GOING TO SAY WHAT 549 00:27:36.004 --> 00:27:37.906 MARCIA SAID. 550 00:27:37.972 --> 00:27:39.607 WE'LL DO BOTH THINGS WITH WEBB. 551 00:27:39.674 --> 00:27:40.875 >> THE NEXT QUESTION IS FROM THE 552 00:27:40.942 --> 00:27:42.077 NEWS MEDIA. 553 00:27:42.143 --> 00:27:42.510 PLEASE GO AHEAD. 554 00:27:42.577 --> 00:28:03.298 >> ( L" ) 555 00:28:03.365 --> 00:28:07.502 >> THIS I THINK IS FOR MARCIA. 556 00:28:07.569 --> 00:28:08.837 HOW WILL THE IMAGES FROM THIS 557 00:28:08.903 --> 00:28:11.539 INFRARED TELESCOPE COMPARE TO 558 00:28:11.606 --> 00:28:13.108 WHAT WE'RE USED TO SEEING FROM 559 00:28:13.174 --> 00:28:14.109 HUBBLE. 560 00:28:14.175 --> 00:28:16.411 I REALIZE YOU'VE BEEN ASKED THIS 561 00:28:16.478 --> 00:28:17.545 A MILLION TIMES. 562 00:28:17.612 --> 00:28:19.714 I'M JUST ASKING IT ONE MORE. 563 00:28:19.781 --> 00:28:20.248 THANKS. 564 00:28:20.315 --> 00:28:22.050 >> WELL, IN TERMS OF THE LEVEL 565 00:28:22.117 --> 00:28:25.954 OF DETAIL THAT WE CAN SEE, WE'LL 566 00:28:26.020 --> 00:28:28.223 BE ABLE TO SEE AS FINE A DETAIL 567 00:28:28.289 --> 00:28:29.657 AS HUBBLE EVEN THOUGH WE'RE 568 00:28:29.724 --> 00:28:32.660 WORKING IT AT A MUCH LONGER 569 00:28:32.727 --> 00:28:33.628 WAVELENGTH. 570 00:28:33.695 --> 00:28:35.764 BUT WHAT WILL BE DRAMATICALLY 571 00:28:35.830 --> 00:28:37.799 DIFFERENT IS USING THE INFRARED, 572 00:28:37.866 --> 00:28:40.502 WE SEE THINGS VERY DIFFERENTLY. 573 00:28:40.568 --> 00:28:43.071 IF YOU THINK ABOUT THE IMAGE 574 00:28:43.138 --> 00:28:45.206 FROM HUBBLE, NOBODY IF YOU HACK 575 00:28:45.273 --> 00:28:48.910 BE A SIMILAR PICTURE THROUGH 576 00:28:48.977 --> 00:28:50.812 NIRCam, YOU'LL SEE THE DUST 577 00:28:50.879 --> 00:28:53.047 WILL BASICALLY DISAPPEAR AND 578 00:28:53.114 --> 00:28:55.450 YOU'LL SEE STARS AND IF YOU GO A 579 00:28:55.517 --> 00:28:58.586 STEP LONGER, THE DUST THAT BLOTS 580 00:28:58.653 --> 00:29:02.390 OUT THE STARS IN THE HUBBLE 581 00:29:02.457 --> 00:29:05.427 PICTURE WILL BE VISIBLE AS 582 00:29:05.493 --> 00:29:07.929 BLIGHT EMISSION. 583 00:29:07.996 --> 00:29:09.798 THE MIRROR IMAGE WILL HAVE AS 584 00:29:09.864 --> 00:29:13.668 MUCH DETAIL BUT A VERY DIFFERENT 585 00:29:13.735 --> 00:29:17.539 CHARACTER. 586 00:29:17.605 --> 00:29:18.273 >> THANK YOU. 587 00:29:18.339 --> 00:29:19.140 LET'S GO TO ANOTHER QUESTION 588 00:29:19.207 --> 00:29:21.309 FROM SOCIAL MEDIA. 589 00:29:21.376 --> 00:29:27.248 THIS ONE IS A SPECTROGRAPHY 590 00:29:27.315 --> 00:29:27.682 QUESTION. 591 00:29:27.749 --> 00:29:30.919 THIS WILL GO TO PIERRE. 592 00:29:30.985 --> 00:29:31.686 ARE THERE ELEMENTS WE'RE LOOKING 593 00:29:31.753 --> 00:29:33.788 FOR AT EXPO PLANETS. 594 00:29:33.855 --> 00:29:34.956 WILL THIS HELP TO LOOK AT 595 00:29:35.023 --> 00:29:39.794 CERTAIN ELEMENTS IN THE SPECTRA. 596 00:29:39.861 --> 00:29:58.646 >> YES, WE'RE TALKING ABOUT 597 00:29:58.713 --> 00:30:03.384 WATER, CARBON MONOXIDE, METHANE. 598 00:30:03.451 --> 00:30:09.090 SO YES, THERE IS A LONG LIST OF 599 00:30:09.157 --> 00:30:12.827 MOLECULES THAT WE'LL BE LOOKING 600 00:30:12.894 --> 00:30:15.263 FOR AND TRYING TO UNDERSTAND 601 00:30:15.330 --> 00:30:19.534 WHAT IS COMPOSITION OF THE AT 602 00:30:19.601 --> 00:30:20.935 MOSS FIERCE. 603 00:30:21.002 --> 00:30:21.469 WE WERE TALKING ABOUT THE 604 00:30:21.536 --> 00:30:30.645 PLANETS HABITABLE ZONE, AND 605 00:30:30.712 --> 00:30:33.081 WE'LL BE LOOKING FOR WATER AND 606 00:30:33.147 --> 00:30:34.649 TO UNDERSTAND THE CONDITIONS 607 00:30:34.716 --> 00:30:35.617 THERE. 608 00:30:35.683 --> 00:30:39.020 IF LIFE IS POSSIBLE ON THE 609 00:30:39.087 --> 00:30:40.288 PLANET. 610 00:30:40.355 --> 00:30:42.557 THAT IS QUITE A QUESTION, 611 00:30:42.624 --> 00:30:43.291 ACTUALLY. 612 00:30:43.358 --> 00:30:47.729 >> I WOULD JUST ADD, DEPICTING 613 00:30:47.795 --> 00:30:58.640 THE WATER AND THE OZONE 614 00:30:58.706 --> 00:30:59.674 MOLECULE. 615 00:30:59.741 --> 00:31:02.477 THAT IS AN EXCITING MOLECULE TO 616 00:31:02.544 --> 00:31:07.215 BE LOOKING FOR. 617 00:31:07.282 --> 00:31:14.088 >> WILL JWST LOOKING FOR THE 618 00:31:14.155 --> 00:31:17.992 EXOPLANET. 619 00:31:18.059 --> 00:31:21.396 ARE THERE PLANS TO OBSERVE THAT? 620 00:31:21.462 --> 00:31:23.731 >> THERE ARE PLANS AND PROPOSALS 621 00:31:23.798 --> 00:31:25.366 TO LOOK AT THIS PLANET. 622 00:31:25.433 --> 00:31:27.168 IF IT IS LIKE MARS, THIS IS A 623 00:31:27.235 --> 00:31:28.770 VERY BRIGHT TARGET. 624 00:31:28.836 --> 00:31:31.339 WE KNOW THAT THE PROXIMATELY 625 00:31:31.406 --> 00:31:36.177 THAT IT IS A TRANNISTING STAR. 626 00:31:36.244 --> 00:31:38.646 ONE WAY BY DOING THAT IS LOOKING 627 00:31:38.713 --> 00:31:43.718 AT THE THERMAL COMPONENT OF THE 628 00:31:43.785 --> 00:31:46.220 PLANET, AND IT WILL LIKELY BE 629 00:31:46.287 --> 00:31:48.122 OBSERVED YES. 630 00:31:48.189 --> 00:31:49.257 >> SOUNDS GOOD. 631 00:31:49.324 --> 00:31:49.857 WE HAVE ANOTHER QUESTION FROM 632 00:31:49.924 --> 00:31:51.426 THE MEDIA COMING IN. 633 00:31:51.492 --> 00:31:52.527 OPERATOR, PLEASE. 634 00:31:52.594 --> 00:31:54.362 >> THANK YOU, AND AGAIN ONCE 635 00:31:54.429 --> 00:32:04.672 AGAIN PLEASE PRESS STAR AND THEN 636 00:32:04.739 --> 00:32:05.139 1. 637 00:32:05.206 --> 00:32:08.076 >> THIS IS NUMBER THREE FOR ME. 638 00:32:08.142 --> 00:32:09.210 I APOLOGIZE FOR THAT. 639 00:32:09.277 --> 00:32:11.179 BUT IT TOOK A LONG TIME TO GET 640 00:32:11.245 --> 00:32:12.914 LOGGED IN TO THIS CAR. 641 00:32:12.981 --> 00:32:14.048 I DON'T KNOW HOW MANY REPORTERS 642 00:32:14.115 --> 00:32:16.117 HAVE THE PATIENCE TO STAY ON THE 643 00:32:16.184 --> 00:32:16.818 LINE. 644 00:32:16.884 --> 00:32:18.953 BUT MY QUESTION FOR LEE AGAIN, 645 00:32:19.020 --> 00:32:21.522 CAN YOU WALK US THROUGH THE WALK 646 00:32:21.589 --> 00:32:24.192 PATH AND HOW THAT BOX WITH 647 00:32:24.258 --> 00:32:26.928 EMPHASIS ON THE STEERING MIRROR, 648 00:32:26.995 --> 00:32:29.464 WHERE THAT IS ON THE PATH AND 649 00:32:29.530 --> 00:32:31.499 HOW YOU USE IT TO KEEP WEBB SO 650 00:32:31.566 --> 00:32:36.771 PROPERLY POSITIONED. 651 00:32:36.838 --> 00:32:41.042 >> WEBB IS A THREE MIRROR THAT 652 00:32:41.109 --> 00:32:43.411 FORM THE TELESCOPE. 653 00:32:43.478 --> 00:32:44.779 THIS IS DIFFERENT THAT PEOPLE 654 00:32:44.846 --> 00:32:45.680 ARE USED TO. 655 00:32:45.747 --> 00:32:48.950 HUBBLE IS A TWO-MIRROR SYSTEM. 656 00:32:49.017 --> 00:32:51.219 WE WENT WITH THE THREE MIRRORS 657 00:32:51.285 --> 00:33:07.635 TO GET THIS SENDS THE LIGHT TO 658 00:33:07.702 --> 00:33:18.613 THE FINE STEERING MIRROR. 659 00:33:18.680 --> 00:33:24.085 AND BEHIND IT ARE ACTUATORS, AND 660 00:33:24.152 --> 00:33:26.054 THEY POINT IS THAT FINE STEERING 661 00:33:26.120 --> 00:33:27.989 MIRROR, AND THEY WORK IN TANDEM 662 00:33:28.056 --> 00:33:37.465 WITH THE GUIDER THAT RENE HAD 663 00:33:37.532 --> 00:33:38.900 TALKED ABOUT IT. 664 00:33:38.966 --> 00:33:41.202 THAT FINE STEERING MIRROR WILL 665 00:33:41.269 --> 00:33:45.573 KEEP US POINTED AND THAT IMAGE 666 00:33:45.640 --> 00:33:47.141 LOOKING VERY CRISP. 667 00:33:47.208 --> 00:33:48.576 >> WE HAVE A QUESTION COMING IN 668 00:33:48.643 --> 00:33:50.278 ABOUT GOLD. 669 00:33:50.344 --> 00:33:51.846 CAN YOU TELL US WHY THE 670 00:33:51.913 --> 00:33:55.416 TELESCOPES ARE COATED WITH GOLD. 671 00:33:55.483 --> 00:33:57.151 >> YES, I KNOW IT DOESN'T LOOK 672 00:33:57.218 --> 00:33:58.820 GOOD, BUT THAT WAS NOT THE 673 00:33:58.886 --> 00:34:00.455 REASON FOR SELECTING THAT. 674 00:34:00.521 --> 00:34:02.490 WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE WE HAVE 675 00:34:02.557 --> 00:34:08.463 LENGTH OF. 676 00:34:08.529 --> 00:34:11.866 IT GOES UP TO 28 MICRONS, THAT'S 677 00:34:11.933 --> 00:34:14.569 THE WAVELENGTHS AND THEN IT'S A 678 00:34:14.635 --> 00:34:16.704 VERY LONG WAVELENGTH RANGE AND 679 00:34:16.771 --> 00:34:18.840 WE WANTED A MATERIAL THAT WOULD 680 00:34:18.906 --> 00:34:20.074 REFLECT THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF 681 00:34:20.141 --> 00:34:21.175 PHOTONS. 682 00:34:21.242 --> 00:34:22.977 IF YOU PICK A MATERIAL THAT 683 00:34:23.044 --> 00:34:25.379 DOESN'T DO A GOOD JOB AT THAT, 684 00:34:25.446 --> 00:34:30.384 IT'S REALLY LIKE A USING A 685 00:34:30.451 --> 00:34:31.319 TELESCOPE. 686 00:34:31.385 --> 00:34:34.088 AND IT TURNS OUT GOLD HAS AN 687 00:34:34.155 --> 00:34:37.759 AMAZING REFLECTIVITY. 688 00:34:37.825 --> 00:34:40.895 IT'S 98% REFLECTIVE. 689 00:34:40.962 --> 00:34:42.730 SO WE WANTED TO GET AS MUCH 690 00:34:42.797 --> 00:34:45.299 THREW-PUT AS WE COULD. 691 00:34:45.366 --> 00:34:46.501 >> GOING BACK TO THE SOCIAL 692 00:34:46.567 --> 00:34:47.535 MEDIA QUESTIONS. 693 00:34:47.602 --> 00:34:50.605 THERE IS AN INSTRUMENT THAT WE 694 00:34:50.671 --> 00:34:52.707 NEED TO TALK MORE. 695 00:34:52.774 --> 00:34:58.079 WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE TO 696 00:34:58.146 --> 00:35:07.755 OBSERVING IN NEAR-INFRARED AND 697 00:35:07.822 --> 00:35:09.657 MID INFRARED? 698 00:35:09.724 --> 00:35:12.627 >> USUALLY WHEN WE LOOK AT 699 00:35:12.693 --> 00:35:14.695 OBJECTS, WHEN WE LOOK AT 700 00:35:14.762 --> 00:35:20.168 DIFFERENT OPPOSITE FALL WE WILL 701 00:35:20.234 --> 00:35:21.969 SEE THE OBJECTS IN A DIFFERENT 702 00:35:22.036 --> 00:35:22.770 WAY. 703 00:35:22.837 --> 00:35:27.375 WE CAN SEE AND MARCIA WAS 704 00:35:27.441 --> 00:35:29.911 TALKING ABOUT WITH THE INFRARED 705 00:35:29.977 --> 00:35:32.213 WE GO FORWARD WITH THE DUST AND 706 00:35:32.280 --> 00:35:34.048 WHAT IS BEHIND THE DUST. 707 00:35:34.115 --> 00:35:50.698 BUT WHEN GO TO MID, IT IS 708 00:35:50.765 --> 00:35:54.101 INTERESTING TO USE MIRI FOR THE 709 00:35:54.168 --> 00:35:59.140 MID-INFRARED. 710 00:35:59.207 --> 00:36:02.376 THE VERY DISTANCE GASSES. 711 00:36:02.443 --> 00:36:11.853 THEY'RE AND THEN THE IMMEDIATE, 712 00:36:11.919 --> 00:36:16.991 AND ONLY MIRI WILL SEE LIGHT. 713 00:36:17.058 --> 00:36:19.126 THE EXISTING POPULATION OF STARS 714 00:36:19.193 --> 00:36:22.697 AND THE ORDER OF POPULATION OF 715 00:36:22.763 --> 00:36:25.066 STARS IN THIS GALAXY. 716 00:36:25.132 --> 00:36:27.268 THESE ARE THINS THAT YOU COULD 717 00:36:27.335 --> 00:36:33.674 ONLY SEE. 718 00:36:33.741 --> 00:36:35.076 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 719 00:36:35.142 --> 00:36:36.477 GOING BACK TO OUR SOCIAL MEDIA 720 00:36:36.544 --> 00:36:37.178 QUESTIONS. 721 00:36:37.245 --> 00:36:39.080 WE HAVE ONE FROM JONATHAN OF THE 722 00:36:39.146 --> 00:36:40.081 BBC. 723 00:36:40.147 --> 00:36:41.349 THE QUESTION IS WHAT WILL YOU BE 724 00:36:41.415 --> 00:36:44.518 ABLE TO SEE IN EUROPA. 725 00:36:44.585 --> 00:36:45.753 ONCE AGAIN LOOKING FOR THE SIGNS 726 00:36:45.820 --> 00:36:46.587 OF LIFE. 727 00:36:46.654 --> 00:36:47.989 WOULD ANYBODY LIKE TO TALK ABOUT 728 00:36:48.055 --> 00:36:58.432 WHAT WE'LL BE ABLE TO SEE NEAR 729 00:36:58.499 --> 00:36:59.533 EUROPA? 730 00:36:59.600 --> 00:37:01.702 >> I'LL JUST SAY AS A PREFACE 731 00:37:01.769 --> 00:37:03.971 FOR THAT, WEBB LOOKS AT THINGS 732 00:37:04.038 --> 00:37:07.074 THAT PRE-POSED BY THE SCIENTIFIC 733 00:37:07.141 --> 00:37:07.708 COMMUNITY. 734 00:37:07.775 --> 00:37:10.378 EACH YEAR WE PUT IN A 735 00:37:10.444 --> 00:37:11.512 COMPETITION AND PEOPLE PUT IN 736 00:37:11.579 --> 00:37:13.514 WHAT THEY THINK ARE THE BEST 737 00:37:13.581 --> 00:37:24.425 IDEAS TO LOOK FOR.WE WILL LOOK 738 00:37:24.492 --> 00:37:27.395 AT THOSE TO SEE WHAT MIGHT 739 00:37:27.461 --> 00:37:31.098 NOBODY THOSE SET OF PLUMES. 740 00:37:31.165 --> 00:37:32.967 IF WE HAVEN'T DONE IT IN THAT 741 00:37:33.034 --> 00:37:34.936 FIRST YEAR, WE'LL PROBABLY DO IT 742 00:37:35.002 --> 00:37:36.203 IN THE SECOND YEAR BECAUSE THE 743 00:37:36.270 --> 00:37:37.772 SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY IS ALWAYS 744 00:37:37.838 --> 00:37:41.375 COMING UP WITH NEW IDEAS AND 745 00:37:41.442 --> 00:37:48.082 THEY GET TO PROPOSE. 746 00:37:48.149 --> 00:37:49.717 >> ONCE AGAIN THIS IS A QUESTION 747 00:37:49.784 --> 00:37:50.985 ABOUT THE SCHEDULING. 748 00:37:51.052 --> 00:37:52.720 THIS IS NOT A TELESCOPE THAT YOU 749 00:37:52.787 --> 00:37:54.588 OPEN UP AND IT IMMEDIATELY 750 00:37:54.655 --> 00:37:55.389 WORKS. 751 00:37:55.456 --> 00:37:56.724 CAN YOU GIVE US THE TIME FRAME 752 00:37:56.791 --> 00:37:58.426 WHEN THAT WILL BE HAPPENING? 753 00:37:58.492 --> 00:38:00.227 >> YES WELL, THE REASON WHY WE 754 00:38:00.294 --> 00:38:02.663 CAN'T GET THINGS DONE FASTER IS 755 00:38:02.730 --> 00:38:16.444 THAT WE'RE. 756 00:38:16.510 --> 00:38:18.145 >> NIRCam WILL BE SENSITIVE A 757 00:38:18.212 --> 00:38:20.014 LITTLE AFTER 30 DAYS AND THE 758 00:38:20.081 --> 00:38:21.849 GUIDER A LITTLE BIT AFTER THAT. 759 00:38:21.916 --> 00:38:23.751 SO WE'LL BE USING THE GUIDER AND 760 00:38:23.818 --> 00:38:25.653 THE NIRCam INSTRUMENT TO HELP 761 00:38:25.720 --> 00:38:27.855 US WITH THE FOCUSING, BUT WE 762 00:38:27.922 --> 00:38:29.690 CAN'T GET STARTED UNTIL THEY GET 763 00:38:29.757 --> 00:38:31.592 COLD ENOUGH, THEN WE CAN'T ALIGN 764 00:38:31.659 --> 00:38:34.895 THE TELESCOPE FOR A MONTH 765 00:38:34.962 --> 00:38:37.765 BECAUSE WE NEED THE TELESCOPE SO 766 00:38:37.832 --> 00:38:43.237 COLD THAT IT LOOKS ARE AL WE 767 00:38:43.304 --> 00:38:45.006 SHOULD HAVE IS THE TELESCOPE 768 00:38:45.072 --> 00:38:47.174 FULLY ALIGNED, AND WE'LL BE 769 00:38:47.241 --> 00:38:56.283 HANDING IT OFF TO THE. 770 00:38:56.350 --> 00:38:59.620 >> OUR QUESTION IS FROM IRENE. 771 00:38:59.687 --> 00:39:00.554 YOUR LINE IS OPEN. 772 00:39:00.621 --> 00:39:01.756 >> THANKS. 773 00:39:01.822 --> 00:39:03.424 I WAS WONDERING IF THE FOUR 774 00:39:03.491 --> 00:39:05.793 INSTRUMENTS CAN OPERATE 775 00:39:05.860 --> 00:39:07.228 SIMULTANEOUSLY. 776 00:39:07.294 --> 00:39:09.230 OR DO THEY--OR IS THAT NOT 777 00:39:09.296 --> 00:39:10.097 POSSIBLE? 778 00:39:10.164 --> 00:39:12.166 ALSO, IS THERE SOME TECHNICAL 779 00:39:12.233 --> 00:39:16.404 REASON WHY THE NEAR-INFRARED 780 00:39:16.470 --> 00:39:19.173 IMAGER WAS SELECTED TO BE THE 781 00:39:19.240 --> 00:39:21.809 WAY FRONT CENTERING AWAY FROM 782 00:39:21.876 --> 00:39:38.492 SERVICES OVER THE MID- INFRARED 783 00:39:38.559 --> 00:39:43.898 HE OF YOU WANT TO USE THE 784 00:39:43.964 --> 00:39:45.166 SHAPING OF THE MIRROR. 785 00:39:45.232 --> 00:39:47.334 AND THE FIRST PART OF THE 786 00:39:47.401 --> 00:39:48.202 QUESTION? 787 00:39:48.269 --> 00:39:50.871 >> YES, IF THE FOUR INSTRUMENTS 788 00:39:50.938 --> 00:39:53.140 CAN OPERATE SIMULTANEOUSLY. 789 00:39:53.207 --> 00:39:55.609 >> YES, THEY CAN OPERATE 790 00:39:55.676 --> 00:39:56.977 SIMULTANEOUSLY. 791 00:39:57.044 --> 00:39:59.113 WE CALL THIS PARALLEL OBSERVING 792 00:39:59.180 --> 00:40:00.448 WHERE YOU CAN OPERATE MORE THAN 793 00:40:00.514 --> 00:40:02.416 ONE INSTRUMENT AT A TIME. 794 00:40:02.483 --> 00:40:03.684 AND THEY MAY BE LOOKING AT 795 00:40:03.751 --> 00:40:05.019 SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT PIECES OF THE 796 00:40:05.086 --> 00:40:07.755 SKY FOR DIFFERENT REASONS. 797 00:40:07.822 --> 00:40:09.523 BUT THEY CAN OPERATE THEM AT THE 798 00:40:09.590 --> 00:40:12.793 SAME TIME AND BRING THOSE DATA 799 00:40:12.860 --> 00:40:14.995 PACK. 800 00:40:15.062 --> 00:40:16.397 >> EXCELLENT. 801 00:40:16.464 --> 00:40:17.498 ANYTHING TO ADD? 802 00:40:17.565 --> 00:40:18.766 GOING ON TO OUR NEXT QUESTION. 803 00:40:18.833 --> 00:40:22.069 THIS ONE, I THINK IS GOING TO GO 804 00:40:22.136 --> 00:40:25.906 TO RENE HOW FAST DOES THE 805 00:40:25.973 --> 00:40:30.044 STEERING MIRROR HAVE TO MOVE? 806 00:40:30.111 --> 00:40:38.486 HOW MANY ADJUSTS A NEXT WE NEED 807 00:40:38.552 --> 00:40:41.288 TO USE THESE 16 TIMES A SECOND. 808 00:40:41.355 --> 00:40:42.456 I CAN'T TELL YOU WHAT THE SPEED 809 00:40:42.523 --> 00:40:44.258 IS THAT THEY ARE. 810 00:40:44.325 --> 00:40:45.426 MAYBE LEE CAN ANSWER TO THAT 811 00:40:45.493 --> 00:40:46.160 ONE. 812 00:40:46.227 --> 00:40:52.099 >> THE LOOP IS AT ABOUT SECOND 813 00:40:52.166 --> 00:40:53.534 WE CLOSE THAT LOOP. 814 00:40:53.601 --> 00:40:55.236 THAT'S A LITTLE BIT SLOW. 815 00:40:55.302 --> 00:40:57.805 IT'S A LITTLE BIT FASTER, AND WE 816 00:40:57.872 --> 00:41:02.109 ARE AVENUE AS THE SPACECRAFT 817 00:41:02.176 --> 00:41:05.379 DRIFTS THERMALLY, SO THERE ARE 818 00:41:05.446 --> 00:41:06.881 SLOW EFFECTS THAT WE'RE TRYING 819 00:41:06.947 --> 00:41:09.216 TO AFFECT. 820 00:41:09.283 --> 00:41:14.522 >> GIFT UNITED NATIONS LET'S SEE 821 00:41:14.588 --> 00:41:16.624 IF THERE ARE ANY GETS COMING IN 822 00:41:16.690 --> 00:41:17.958 ON SOCIAL MEDIA. 823 00:41:18.025 --> 00:41:18.325 HERE IS ONE. 824 00:41:18.392 --> 00:41:25.366 HOW MUCH OF A WEB WILL BE ABLE 825 00:41:25.432 --> 00:41:36.443 TRACK MAJOR SURFACE FEATURES. 826 00:41:36.510 --> 00:41:40.648 >> I CAN TAKE THAT ONE. 827 00:41:40.714 --> 00:41:42.716 IT IS GOING TO BE VERY 828 00:41:42.783 --> 00:41:44.418 DIFFICULT, BUT IT HAS BEEN DONE 829 00:41:44.485 --> 00:41:51.559 OVER THE HUBBLE FOR EXACT 830 00:41:51.625 --> 00:41:54.128 ROTATION PERIODS AND EMITTING 831 00:41:54.195 --> 00:41:56.664 WINDS IN THESE ATMOSPHERES. 832 00:41:56.730 --> 00:41:58.532 WE THINK THAT WEBB WILL BE EVEN 833 00:41:58.599 --> 00:41:59.700 MORE DIFFICULT. 834 00:41:59.767 --> 00:42:04.939 BUT WE KNOW FROM PHYSICS THAT 835 00:42:05.005 --> 00:42:09.310 THESE PLANETS THAT EVOLVE AROUND 836 00:42:09.376 --> 00:42:10.911 THEIR STAR THEY'RE ALWAYS THE 837 00:42:10.978 --> 00:42:12.613 SAME FACE TO THEIR STAR. 838 00:42:12.680 --> 00:42:14.982 THEY'RE ROTATING WITHIN THE SAME 839 00:42:15.049 --> 00:42:19.353 PERIOD AS THEIR ORBITAL PERIOD. 840 00:42:19.420 --> 00:42:20.187 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 841 00:42:20.254 --> 00:42:21.355 WE HAVE A QUESTION COMING IN ON 842 00:42:21.422 --> 00:42:23.324 SOCIAL MEDIA ABOUT CONSTRUCTING 843 00:42:23.390 --> 00:42:26.093 THE MIRROR, ABOUT WHERE THIS 844 00:42:26.160 --> 00:42:28.729 MATERIAL CAME FROM. 845 00:42:28.796 --> 00:42:30.164 >> WELL, THIS IS ACTUALLY QUITE 846 00:42:30.231 --> 00:42:33.000 AN AMAZING STORY, AND IT REALLY 847 00:42:33.067 --> 00:42:40.841 WAS A TEAM EFFORT ACROSS THE 848 00:42:40.908 --> 00:42:45.112 ENTIRE UNITED STATES. 849 00:42:45.179 --> 00:42:46.447 IT CAME FROM UTAH. 850 00:42:46.513 --> 00:42:50.551 THAT'S WHERE THE BERYLLIUM WAS 851 00:42:50.618 --> 00:42:51.418 MINED. 852 00:42:51.485 --> 00:42:53.220 AND BLOCKS OF THAT WAS MADE JUST 853 00:42:53.287 --> 00:42:54.955 OUTSIDE OF CLEVELAND, OHIO. 854 00:42:55.022 --> 00:42:56.624 THEN THOSE BLOCKS WERE SENT TO 855 00:42:56.690 --> 00:42:57.725 ALABAMA WHERE THEY WERE 856 00:42:57.791 --> 00:42:58.959 MACHINED. 857 00:42:59.026 --> 00:43:00.527 AND THERE WAS A LARGE MACHINE 858 00:43:00.594 --> 00:43:02.263 SHOP THAT WE BUILT ESPECIALLY 859 00:43:02.329 --> 00:43:04.398 JUST FOR THESE MIRRORS. 860 00:43:04.465 --> 00:43:06.066 AFTER THEY WERE MACHINED, THAT 861 00:43:06.133 --> 00:43:08.736 MEANS LIGHTWEIGHTING THEM, THE 862 00:43:08.802 --> 00:43:21.382 MIRRORS WERE LARGE MIRRORS. 863 00:43:21.448 --> 00:43:21.949 AND THEN THEY WERE SENT FOR 864 00:43:22.016 --> 00:43:23.784 COATING OUTSIDE OF PHILADELPHIA. 865 00:43:23.851 --> 00:43:28.355 THEY MADE STOPS IN BOULDER, 866 00:43:28.422 --> 00:43:29.757 COLORADO WHERE THEY WERE 867 00:43:29.823 --> 00:43:32.192 ASSEMBLED, THEN THEY MADE A TRIP 868 00:43:32.259 --> 00:43:34.495 TO MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 869 00:43:34.561 --> 00:43:35.496 FOR TESTING. 870 00:43:35.562 --> 00:43:37.197 WE NEEDED TO TEST THEM IN COLD 871 00:43:37.264 --> 00:43:38.599 TEMPERATURES TO SEE HOW THEY 872 00:43:38.666 --> 00:43:40.434 DEFORMED AND THEN SENT THEM BACK 873 00:43:40.501 --> 00:43:43.437 FOR POLISHING AND MEASUREMENTS 874 00:43:43.504 --> 00:43:45.406 AND THEN FINALLY THEY CAME HERE 875 00:43:45.472 --> 00:43:46.807 TO GODDARD WHERE THEY WERE 876 00:43:46.874 --> 00:43:48.342 ASSEMBLED. 877 00:43:48.409 --> 00:43:49.810 >> A QUESTION FROM SOCIAL MEDIA 878 00:43:49.877 --> 00:43:50.277 AGAIN. 879 00:43:50.344 --> 00:43:56.250 HOW MANY MORE REACTION WHEELS 880 00:43:56.317 --> 00:43:59.820 DINED ARE ALLOWED TO OPERATE. 881 00:43:59.887 --> 00:44:01.555 ALSO HOW MANY REACTION WHEELS 882 00:44:01.622 --> 00:44:02.656 ARE THERE? 883 00:44:02.723 --> 00:44:03.624 MORE THAN THREE? 884 00:44:03.691 --> 00:44:09.430 AND. 885 00:44:09.496 --> 00:44:11.498 >> WELL, ON WEBB THEY'RE 886 00:44:11.565 --> 00:44:12.599 DIFFERENT THAN THE ONES THAT 887 00:44:12.666 --> 00:44:26.947 WERE PUT ON KEFLER. 888 00:44:27.014 --> 00:44:31.952 WE HAVE TEN YEARS WORTH OF FUEL. 889 00:44:32.019 --> 00:44:34.188 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 890 00:44:34.254 --> 00:44:35.456 THIS IS ALL THE TIME WE HAVE FOR 891 00:44:35.522 --> 00:44:36.190 TODAY. 892 00:44:36.256 --> 00:44:37.591 THANK YOU SO MUCH TO OUR GUESTS 893 00:44:37.658 --> 00:44:39.026 AND THANK YOU FOR JOINING US AS 894 00:44:39.093 --> 00:44:44.732 WE COUNT DOWN TO THE AMAZING 895 00:44:44.798 --> 00:44:44.965 LAUNCH. 896 00:44:45.032 --> 00:44:47.151 I'M MICHELLE THALLER AT GODDARD 897 00:44:47.151 --> 00:44:49.303 SPACE FLIGHT CENTER. 898 00:44:49.303 --> 00:44:51.188 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. 899 00:44:51.188 --> 00:44:57.027 [MUSIC]