WEBVTT FILE

1
00:00:49.382 --> 00:00:51.418
>> welcome.

2
00:00:51.484 --> 00:00:53.086
For the next few hours and the

3
00:00:53.153 --> 00:00:54.654
next few weeks I will be your

4
00:00:54.721 --> 00:00:55.989
host at the beginning of a new

5
00:00:56.056 --> 00:00:58.091
adventure to find our place in

6
00:00:58.158 --> 00:01:00.627
this vast cosmos and our role in

7
00:01:00.693 --> 00:01:02.595
a story that takes us back to

8
00:01:02.662 --> 00:01:04.030
the beginning of time.

9
00:01:04.097 --> 00:01:05.698
Approximately 30 days from now

10
00:01:05.765 --> 00:01:08.068
NASA and the European partners

11
00:01:08.134 --> 00:01:09.736
will launch a new observatory in

12
00:01:09.803 --> 00:01:11.771
the space of such ambition,

13
00:01:11.838 --> 00:01:13.406
inventiveness, and boldness of

14
00:01:13.473 --> 00:01:16.943
vision that it promises and a

15
00:01:17.010 --> 00:01:19.012
highly new view of our universe,

16
00:01:19.079 --> 00:01:20.547
this is the James Webb space

17
00:01:20.613 --> 00:01:22.115
telescope and this new universe

18
00:01:22.182 --> 00:01:23.950
is almost here.

19
00:01:24.017 --> 00:01:25.685
Standing here on the shore of

20
00:01:25.752 --> 00:01:27.587
the cosmic ocean we are about to

21
00:01:27.654 --> 00:01:29.255
take the next step on a journey

22
00:01:29.322 --> 00:01:31.357
that is as old as a -- old as

23
00:01:31.424 --> 00:01:32.459
humanity itself.

24
00:01:32.525 --> 00:01:33.393
For the first have a look at the

25
00:01:33.460 --> 00:01:34.461
stars and wondered what they

26
00:01:34.527 --> 00:01:35.962
were to the advent of new

27
00:01:36.029 --> 00:01:38.031
telescopes and new technologies

28
00:01:38.098 --> 00:01:40.266
web is next in line to take us

29
00:01:40.333 --> 00:01:41.868
closer to an understanding of

30
00:01:41.935 --> 00:01:43.803
where we are, where we came

31
00:01:43.870 --> 00:01:45.438
from, and also where we are

32
00:01:45.505 --> 00:01:47.607
going, today we will start by

33
00:01:47.674 --> 00:01:48.842
talking but the main science

34
00:01:48.908 --> 00:01:50.677
goals of the Webb telescope in

35
00:01:50.743 --> 00:01:52.712
the dive in, I'm joined by Greg

36
00:01:52.779 --> 00:01:54.414
Robinson who is the program

37
00:01:54.481 --> 00:01:58.251
director of the Greg, Alta

38
00:01:58.318 --> 00:02:00.253
mascot and get closer to you.

39
00:02:00.320 --> 00:02:01.154
You are here to represent a

40
00:02:01.221 --> 00:02:07.694
large team today aren't you?

41
00:02:07.760 --> 00:02:09.162
>> yes I'm here to represent the

42
00:02:09.229 --> 00:02:09.996
team.

43
00:02:10.063 --> 00:02:11.164
I want to thank all the team

44
00:02:11.231 --> 00:02:12.232
joining us today around the

45
00:02:12.298 --> 00:02:13.466
world.

46
00:02:13.533 --> 00:02:15.902
This is a long journey.

47
00:02:15.969 --> 00:02:18.238
And we have a long way to go.

48
00:02:18.304 --> 00:02:20.206
Also I want to think the more

49
00:02:20.273 --> 00:02:21.641
than 10,000 people who work on

50
00:02:21.708 --> 00:02:23.209
Web to make this possible

51
00:02:23.276 --> 00:02:23.810
including our era PAs in space

52
00:02:23.877 --> 00:02:30.283
partners and across 29 states

53
00:02:30.350 --> 00:02:32.352
and 14 countries.

54
00:02:32.418 --> 00:02:33.820
A lot of people went into making

55
00:02:33.887 --> 00:02:35.788
this possible and to give you an

56
00:02:35.855 --> 00:02:38.858
update, status, we completed INT

57
00:02:38.925 --> 00:02:40.693
in Southern California back in

58
00:02:40.760 --> 00:02:43.096
the Summer and we pushed the

59
00:02:43.163 --> 00:02:45.665
boat from late September and it

60
00:02:45.732 --> 00:02:50.470
arrived in October 12.

61
00:02:50.537 --> 00:02:54.674
Since then it is getting ready

62
00:02:54.741 --> 00:02:59.112
in parallel we are processing an

63
00:02:59.179 --> 00:03:00.513
area on five rocket getting

64
00:03:00.580 --> 00:03:04.117
ready and in the few days we

65
00:03:04.184 --> 00:03:06.119
will move over to the

66
00:03:06.186 --> 00:03:16.362
integration facility.

67
00:03:16.429 --> 00:03:18.131
This is not the end, right after

68
00:03:18.198 --> 00:03:22.435
launch in Baltimore will take

69
00:03:22.502 --> 00:03:24.571
over her operations and we have

70
00:03:24.637 --> 00:03:25.738
about six months of

71
00:03:25.805 --> 00:03:26.739
commissioning to get the

72
00:03:26.806 --> 00:03:29.642
spacecraft ready for those first

73
00:03:29.709 --> 00:03:31.644
two big images we spoke a lot

74
00:03:31.711 --> 00:03:34.280
about from the scientists.

75
00:03:34.347 --> 00:03:35.915
I am looking forward to this and

76
00:03:35.982 --> 00:03:38.084
we are getting very very close.

77
00:03:38.151 --> 00:03:40.853
Stay tuned and I am extremely

78
00:03:40.920 --> 00:03:43.223
extremely amazed.

79
00:03:43.289 --> 00:03:44.624
>> it is so wonderful to have

80
00:03:44.691 --> 00:03:45.525
you here thank you for joining

81
00:03:45.592 --> 00:03:47.260
us today.

82
00:03:47.327 --> 00:03:50.663
>> obviously the game --

83
00:03:50.730 --> 00:03:52.265
obviously this represents

84
00:03:52.332 --> 00:03:53.466
thousands of people who work on

85
00:03:53.533 --> 00:03:55.034
this mission for a long time but

86
00:03:55.101 --> 00:03:56.603
if one person had to be the

87
00:03:56.669 --> 00:03:59.672
parent, the father of this would

88
00:03:59.739 --> 00:04:02.342
be my next thing Jon Mather,

89
00:04:02.408 --> 00:04:03.810
Jon, thank you for joining us

90
00:04:03.876 --> 00:04:04.978
today.

91
00:04:05.044 --> 00:04:07.547
>> I am smiling inside my mask.

92
00:04:07.614 --> 00:04:09.983
I am proud to be here as one of

93
00:04:10.049 --> 00:04:12.118
the many fathers and mothers of

94
00:04:12.185 --> 00:04:13.653
this telescope.

95
00:04:13.720 --> 00:04:15.455
Do you know that this telescope

96
00:04:15.521 --> 00:04:18.291
is so powerful that if weighing

97
00:04:18.358 --> 00:04:21.394
240.000 -- 240.000 miles away

98
00:04:21.461 --> 00:04:22.262
this is the distance of the

99
00:04:22.328 --> 00:04:23.896
earth and the moon and we would

100
00:04:23.963 --> 00:04:26.866
be able to see not if you're on

101
00:04:26.933 --> 00:04:27.934
the moon but the distance of the

102
00:04:28.001 --> 00:04:29.002
moon.

103
00:04:29.068 --> 00:04:30.103
What will he do with this?

104
00:04:30.169 --> 00:04:31.871
Look at everything there is in

105
00:04:31.938 --> 00:04:33.840
the universe that we can say.

106
00:04:33.906 --> 00:04:35.241
We want to know how we got here

107
00:04:35.308 --> 00:04:37.043
from the Big Bang, how does that

108
00:04:37.110 --> 00:04:38.011
work?

109
00:04:38.077 --> 00:04:40.480
And so look P Eric we have ideas

110
00:04:40.546 --> 00:04:42.081
we have predictions but we do

111
00:04:42.148 --> 00:04:45.985
not so the way we think it is is

112
00:04:46.052 --> 00:04:51.691
that the universe is expanding.

113
00:04:51.758 --> 00:04:53.526
The speed is proportional to the

114
00:04:53.593 --> 00:04:56.262
distance and then you divide it

115
00:04:56.329 --> 00:04:57.297
and you get the age of the

116
00:04:57.363 --> 00:04:59.499
universe about 13.5 million

117
00:04:59.565 --> 00:04:59.966
years.

118
00:05:00.033 --> 00:05:00.600
What happened to that?

119
00:05:00.667 --> 00:05:03.436
We think the early universe

120
00:05:03.503 --> 00:05:04.971
before they were galaxies and

121
00:05:05.038 --> 00:05:07.206
stars and planets was very hot

122
00:05:07.273 --> 00:05:09.442
and dense and it was a little

123
00:05:09.509 --> 00:05:11.311
bit lumpy which how would you

124
00:05:11.377 --> 00:05:11.611
know that?

125
00:05:11.678 --> 00:05:14.447
NASA launched the satellite

126
00:05:14.514 --> 00:05:16.316
background explore on this day

127
00:05:16.382 --> 00:05:19.218
32 years ago and we measured and

128
00:05:19.285 --> 00:05:21.254
sought not only is the Big Bang

129
00:05:21.321 --> 00:05:23.189
story right but it has a

130
00:05:23.256 --> 00:05:25.258
primordial -- primordial see

131
00:05:25.325 --> 00:05:26.225
that would grow up to become

132
00:05:26.292 --> 00:05:28.428
galaxies so we know the story is

133
00:05:28.494 --> 00:05:30.096
probably right and now we have

134
00:05:30.163 --> 00:05:31.998
movies that we can show that

135
00:05:32.065 --> 00:05:33.066
shows you what the computer

136
00:05:33.132 --> 00:05:34.734
thinks may have happened if this

137
00:05:34.801 --> 00:05:36.436
is the correct story.

138
00:05:36.502 --> 00:05:38.171
That is our idea and now we do

139
00:05:38.237 --> 00:05:39.672
want to check it by observing

140
00:05:39.739 --> 00:05:41.474
everything we can.

141
00:05:41.541 --> 00:05:42.842
What we think happened in the

142
00:05:42.909 --> 00:05:45.445
early times, small galaxies were

143
00:05:45.511 --> 00:05:48.981
formed very the gravitational

144
00:05:49.048 --> 00:05:51.084
forces pulled it together and

145
00:05:51.150 --> 00:05:52.218
they collided with each other

146
00:05:52.285 --> 00:05:53.986
and got bigger and bigger than

147
00:05:54.053 --> 00:05:55.321
the galaxies merged with each

148
00:05:55.388 --> 00:05:57.790
other and that happened and

149
00:05:57.857 --> 00:05:58.925
there was a black hole in the

150
00:05:58.991 --> 00:06:00.626
middle and they already merge

151
00:06:00.693 --> 00:06:02.061
together as well and that's one

152
00:06:02.128 --> 00:06:04.130
of our big questions wear the

153
00:06:04.197 --> 00:06:07.266
holes come from and then the

154
00:06:07.333 --> 00:06:09.035
universe continues to expand in

155
00:06:09.102 --> 00:06:10.937
the galaxies rush apart and we

156
00:06:11.003 --> 00:06:12.305
are here wondering how did this

157
00:06:12.372 --> 00:06:12.739
all happen?

158
00:06:12.805 --> 00:06:14.807
And so we do want to look at

159
00:06:14.874 --> 00:06:16.409
those first galaxies growing and

160
00:06:16.476 --> 00:06:20.313
we also want to look at clouds

161
00:06:20.380 --> 00:06:23.216
of growing -- glowing gas and

162
00:06:23.282 --> 00:06:25.084
dust so it's beautiful to look

163
00:06:25.151 --> 00:06:26.753
at and astronomers will say,

164
00:06:26.819 --> 00:06:28.988
well, what is inside?

165
00:06:29.055 --> 00:06:30.156
So we look at them and they are

166
00:06:30.223 --> 00:06:36.195
dark with dark areas of dust.

167
00:06:36.262 --> 00:06:38.564
But, we can see them with

168
00:06:38.631 --> 00:06:40.533
infrared, infrared light will go

169
00:06:40.600 --> 00:06:42.034
around the dust instead of

170
00:06:42.101 --> 00:06:43.803
bouncing off and so we can see

171
00:06:43.870 --> 00:06:45.705
that with the web telescope

172
00:06:45.772 --> 00:06:47.206
that's one of our top goal is to

173
00:06:47.273 --> 00:06:48.875
see how stars grow with their

174
00:06:48.941 --> 00:06:50.410
young planets.

175
00:06:50.476 --> 00:06:52.311
That is what we will do.

176
00:06:52.378 --> 00:06:54.046
We will look at the Soler system

177
00:06:54.113 --> 00:06:58.985
as well.

178
00:06:59.051 --> 00:07:00.319
Excuse me that was the wrong

179
00:07:00.386 --> 00:07:03.790
word.

180
00:07:03.856 --> 00:07:04.891
We will look at these various

181
00:07:04.957 --> 00:07:07.794
instruments excuse me, I will

182
00:07:07.860 --> 00:07:09.429
see the wavelength range where

183
00:07:09.495 --> 00:07:12.265
we want to show how the web

184
00:07:12.331 --> 00:07:13.800
telescope fits in between the

185
00:07:13.866 --> 00:07:14.834
different instruments that we

186
00:07:14.901 --> 00:07:17.437
had before.

187
00:07:17.503 --> 00:07:18.805
We have different kind of lights

188
00:07:18.871 --> 00:07:21.107
-- light waves on the picture

189
00:07:21.174 --> 00:07:23.042
the Hubble telescope observes

190
00:07:23.109 --> 00:07:24.444
the light as you can see it

191
00:07:24.510 --> 00:07:25.945
observes ultraviolet which will

192
00:07:26.012 --> 00:07:27.513
give you a sunburnt and give you

193
00:07:27.580 --> 00:07:28.981
a little bit of infrared but the

194
00:07:29.048 --> 00:07:30.783
web telescope goes next it

195
00:07:30.850 --> 00:07:33.152
observes the wavelength that you

196
00:07:33.219 --> 00:07:34.387
can see see that it goes all the

197
00:07:34.454 --> 00:07:36.622
way out to infrared 28 microns

198
00:07:36.689 --> 00:07:37.857
wavelength which you cannot see

199
00:07:37.924 --> 00:07:39.859
it all and then it complements

200
00:07:39.926 --> 00:07:41.961
this space telescope that has

201
00:07:42.028 --> 00:07:43.262
been up there for a long time

202
00:07:43.329 --> 00:07:44.630
and has now finished the job and

203
00:07:44.697 --> 00:07:45.765
it went down to even a longer

204
00:07:45.832 --> 00:07:46.933
wavelength.

205
00:07:46.999 --> 00:07:49.569
That is what we and what we are

206
00:07:49.635 --> 00:07:51.037
working with.

207
00:07:51.103 --> 00:07:53.072
We will look at all the objects

208
00:07:53.139 --> 00:07:55.675
in the Soler system, the objects

209
00:07:55.741 --> 00:07:57.176
in the Soler system beginning

210
00:07:57.243 --> 00:07:58.945
with Mars and going all the way

211
00:07:59.011 --> 00:08:01.414
out and so if you look -- we

212
00:08:01.481 --> 00:08:02.482
should not look at it closer to

213
00:08:02.548 --> 00:08:03.649
the sun because the telescope

214
00:08:03.716 --> 00:08:05.518
would get too hot but we can

215
00:08:05.585 --> 00:08:06.953
look at Mars and it's moving of

216
00:08:07.019 --> 00:08:08.120
course we have to be able to

217
00:08:08.187 --> 00:08:10.289
track a moving object looking at

218
00:08:10.356 --> 00:08:13.793
monitors and the orbit around

219
00:08:13.860 --> 00:08:16.095
Jupiter and Europa has an ocean

220
00:08:16.162 --> 00:08:17.563
covered with ice and we know

221
00:08:17.630 --> 00:08:19.131
that because we sent a satellite

222
00:08:19.198 --> 00:08:20.433
to probe it.

223
00:08:20.500 --> 00:08:22.201
And in between the blocks of ice

224
00:08:22.268 --> 00:08:24.136
there are waters that come out

225
00:08:24.203 --> 00:08:25.705
and we will send a mission out

226
00:08:25.771 --> 00:08:26.973
there to fly through the water

227
00:08:27.039 --> 00:08:28.508
jets to see what is the ocean

228
00:08:28.574 --> 00:08:30.476
like maybe it has molecules in

229
00:08:30.543 --> 00:08:34.013
it, may be it has signs of life,

230
00:08:34.080 --> 00:08:35.381
that will be interesting.

231
00:08:35.448 --> 00:08:37.350
We will look at Titan which is a

232
00:08:37.416 --> 00:08:40.253
cold large satellite of Saturn.

233
00:08:40.319 --> 00:08:42.588
It is so cold that it is able to

234
00:08:42.655 --> 00:08:46.058
hold a liquid oceans of methane.

235
00:08:46.125 --> 00:08:48.294
And it has clouds and rain and

236
00:08:48.361 --> 00:08:50.429
rivers and lakes and we are

237
00:08:50.496 --> 00:08:52.532
sending it out there with a

238
00:08:52.598 --> 00:08:54.300
helicopter to fly around and

239
00:08:54.367 --> 00:08:55.568
explore.

240
00:08:55.635 --> 00:08:56.702
We will look at all of these

241
00:08:56.769 --> 00:08:59.138
things way out there, everything

242
00:08:59.205 --> 00:09:00.973
from the most distant galaxies

243
00:09:01.040 --> 00:09:02.308
in the first galaxies in the

244
00:09:02.375 --> 00:09:04.577
early universe to everything at

245
00:09:04.644 --> 00:09:07.847
home and we will look at this

246
00:09:07.914 --> 00:09:10.516
planet around another star.

247
00:09:10.583 --> 00:09:12.318
It's hard to see them but once

248
00:09:12.385 --> 00:09:13.452
in a while a planet will go in

249
00:09:13.519 --> 00:09:15.187
front of it star the star will

250
00:09:15.254 --> 00:09:16.689
blink a little bit and you can

251
00:09:16.756 --> 00:09:18.291
say okay I know there is a

252
00:09:18.357 --> 00:09:19.725
planet there.

253
00:09:19.792 --> 00:09:21.527
Our special capability here is

254
00:09:21.594 --> 00:09:23.029
some of the starlight will go to

255
00:09:23.095 --> 00:09:24.764
the atmosphere of the planet on

256
00:09:24.830 --> 00:09:26.198
the way to our telescope and we

257
00:09:26.265 --> 00:09:28.000
can analyze the atmosphere and

258
00:09:28.067 --> 00:09:29.502
say what is in it?

259
00:09:29.569 --> 00:09:31.070
Molecules are very kind and

260
00:09:31.137 --> 00:09:32.538
especially water which is

261
00:09:32.605 --> 00:09:33.940
interesting.

262
00:09:34.006 --> 00:09:37.643
There is a wet planet out, we

263
00:09:37.710 --> 00:09:38.844
have all the other four

264
00:09:38.911 --> 00:09:40.279
instruments to examine all these

265
00:09:40.346 --> 00:09:42.748
things there is a near red

266
00:09:42.815 --> 00:09:44.717
camera that comes from the U.S.,

267
00:09:44.784 --> 00:09:46.452
there is a infrared spectrograph

268
00:09:46.519 --> 00:09:47.820
that's mostly from Europe with

269
00:09:47.887 --> 00:09:49.488
some United States parts and

270
00:09:49.555 --> 00:09:50.756
there is a mid infrared

271
00:09:50.823 --> 00:09:52.158
instrument a partnership between

272
00:09:52.224 --> 00:09:53.759
Europe and the United States,

273
00:09:53.826 --> 00:09:58.764
and there is far infrared --

274
00:09:58.831 --> 00:10:00.499
near infrared spectrum from

275
00:10:00.566 --> 00:10:03.135
Canada along with the fine bed

276
00:10:03.202 --> 00:10:04.604
detector to make sure we will

277
00:10:04.670 --> 00:10:06.606
get sharp picture, all of these

278
00:10:06.672 --> 00:10:08.374
are complete and working and in

279
00:10:08.441 --> 00:10:11.544
the observatory ready to fly.

280
00:10:11.611 --> 00:10:12.912
If you think about what you will

281
00:10:12.979 --> 00:10:16.882
see with them.

282
00:10:16.949 --> 00:10:18.317
>> it is an honor to have you

283
00:10:18.384 --> 00:10:20.886
here today.

284
00:10:20.953 --> 00:10:22.888
For our next guest, it is

285
00:10:22.955 --> 00:10:24.023
important to remember that this

286
00:10:24.090 --> 00:10:24.824
mission has been an

287
00:10:24.890 --> 00:10:26.058
international partnership from

288
00:10:26.125 --> 00:10:27.793
the beginning and so represented

289
00:10:27.860 --> 00:10:29.462
the European space agency I am

290
00:10:29.528 --> 00:10:30.930
pleased to have with me

291
00:10:30.997 --> 00:10:34.233
Antonella's.

292
00:10:34.300 --> 00:10:36.302
Tell us about the European space

293
00:10:36.369 --> 00:10:38.604
agency contribution to this.

294
00:10:38.671 --> 00:10:40.206
>> it is a pleasure to be here I

295
00:10:40.272 --> 00:10:43.009
want to tell are absolutely

296
00:10:43.075 --> 00:10:44.543
thrilled to be part of this

297
00:10:44.610 --> 00:10:47.346
magnificent mission with NASA

298
00:10:47.413 --> 00:10:49.749
and the Canadian space agency.

299
00:10:49.815 --> 00:10:51.183
It is and an international

300
00:10:51.250 --> 00:10:53.219
partnership over decades of work

301
00:10:53.285 --> 00:10:54.654
on the Hubble space telescope

302
00:10:54.720 --> 00:10:57.390
and we are positive that there

303
00:10:57.456 --> 00:10:58.858
will be future collaborations in

304
00:10:58.924 --> 00:11:00.092
the future because that is the

305
00:11:00.159 --> 00:11:02.028
only way to do these big big and

306
00:11:02.094 --> 00:11:04.230
vicious missions like this.

307
00:11:04.296 --> 00:11:07.333
The contribution to the

308
00:11:07.400 --> 00:11:09.935
providing mission are threefold,

309
00:11:10.002 --> 00:11:11.771
first is a launcher, the

310
00:11:11.837 --> 00:11:14.106
unidentified rocket which is

311
00:11:14.173 --> 00:11:17.276
from the European space team and

312
00:11:17.343 --> 00:11:19.979
if we then deliver this powerful

313
00:11:20.046 --> 00:11:22.548
telescope to the start of the

314
00:11:22.615 --> 00:11:24.517
journey to explore the universe

315
00:11:24.583 --> 00:11:26.686
and and the contribution is

316
00:11:26.752 --> 00:11:27.787
immense.

317
00:11:27.853 --> 00:11:33.259
The new year's back.

318
00:11:33.325 --> 00:11:35.494
Talking about five for just one

319
00:11:35.561 --> 00:11:37.630
more second, the five is

320
00:11:37.697 --> 00:11:39.865
actually an impressive rocket it

321
00:11:39.932 --> 00:11:41.500
is powerful.

322
00:11:41.567 --> 00:11:42.702
It's been in operation since

323
00:11:42.768 --> 00:11:45.705
1996 and it has more than 100

324
00:11:45.771 --> 00:11:50.776
successful launches including --

325
00:11:50.843 --> 00:11:52.445
coming back to the instrument,

326
00:11:52.511 --> 00:11:54.313
what kind of science that the

327
00:11:54.380 --> 00:11:55.948
instrument used?

328
00:11:56.015 --> 00:11:56.849
Before we talk about the

329
00:11:56.916 --> 00:11:58.417
science, I think it is important

330
00:11:58.484 --> 00:12:04.957
to remember that we will of

331
00:12:05.024 --> 00:12:07.026
course take beautiful images but

332
00:12:07.093 --> 00:12:11.430
spectra will be the sign why?

333
00:12:11.497 --> 00:12:14.500
Because Spectra is what tell us

334
00:12:14.567 --> 00:12:18.037
us what materials are made of.

335
00:12:18.104 --> 00:12:20.206
Why the images are beautiful and

336
00:12:20.272 --> 00:12:22.441
spectacular but they tell us the

337
00:12:22.508 --> 00:12:24.043
morphologies and with the object

338
00:12:24.110 --> 00:12:25.945
looks like but astronomers want

339
00:12:26.011 --> 00:12:27.446
to know the composition and so

340
00:12:27.513 --> 00:12:29.582
to do that they need to split

341
00:12:29.648 --> 00:12:33.252
the line and its components like

342
00:12:33.319 --> 00:12:35.921
this it does exactly that, rain

343
00:12:35.988 --> 00:12:38.524
droplets split the sunlight and

344
00:12:38.591 --> 00:12:40.159
its colors we see a rainbow

345
00:12:40.226 --> 00:12:42.595
after the thunderstorm.

346
00:12:42.661 --> 00:12:45.898
The spectrograph will produce

347
00:12:45.965 --> 00:12:48.901
the spectacular information to

348
00:12:48.968 --> 00:12:53.239
use because while an image is

349
00:12:53.305 --> 00:12:55.107
worth a thousand words like we

350
00:12:55.174 --> 00:12:57.843
say spectra for anonymous others

351
00:12:57.910 --> 00:12:59.078
that are astronomers is worth a

352
00:12:59.145 --> 00:13:00.613
thousand images, what kind of

353
00:13:00.679 --> 00:13:06.619
objects with a -- what kind of

354
00:13:06.685 --> 00:13:08.354
objects will they observe?

355
00:13:08.420 --> 00:13:11.457
>> 40 percent of the time during

356
00:13:11.524 --> 00:13:13.759
the first cycle and we look at

357
00:13:13.826 --> 00:13:16.395
one of the things for sure and

358
00:13:16.462 --> 00:13:18.063
that is the distance of the

359
00:13:18.130 --> 00:13:19.765
universe.

360
00:13:19.832 --> 00:13:23.002
If you remember if you remember

361
00:13:23.068 --> 00:13:25.638
the same the same galaxies then

362
00:13:25.704 --> 00:13:27.873
they can take spectra from them

363
00:13:27.940 --> 00:13:29.508
and because of the innovative

364
00:13:29.575 --> 00:13:31.343
design we will be able to take

365
00:13:31.410 --> 00:13:33.279
hundreds of spectra at the same

366
00:13:33.345 --> 00:13:35.614
time in one single exposure

367
00:13:35.681 --> 00:13:38.150
extremely efficient and so we

368
00:13:38.217 --> 00:13:39.752
can't wait to see the first

369
00:13:39.819 --> 00:13:42.922
spectra of the median for the

370
00:13:42.988 --> 00:13:46.025
camera spectra will look through

371
00:13:46.091 --> 00:13:48.994
them the dark and well, for

372
00:13:49.061 --> 00:13:52.431
example, see the emerging stars,

373
00:13:52.498 --> 00:13:53.666
one of the key questions in

374
00:13:53.732 --> 00:13:55.835
astronomy is still, how do stars

375
00:13:55.901 --> 00:13:59.305
farm -- form?

376
00:13:59.371 --> 00:14:00.539
And we will be able to observe

377
00:14:00.606 --> 00:14:02.274
baby stars as they observe their

378
00:14:02.341 --> 00:14:04.176
cocoon the first million years

379
00:14:04.243 --> 00:14:06.078
of their lives like for example,

380
00:14:06.145 --> 00:14:12.117
in like this you can see still

381
00:14:12.184 --> 00:14:13.552
but we know there are thousands

382
00:14:13.619 --> 00:14:14.787
and thousands of baby stars

383
00:14:14.854 --> 00:14:17.156
there we just cannot see them.

384
00:14:17.223 --> 00:14:19.124
And finally, I want to conclude

385
00:14:19.191 --> 00:14:21.393
saying that the European

386
00:14:21.460 --> 00:14:24.830
community is extremely engaged

387
00:14:24.897 --> 00:14:27.600
and committed and ready to go.

388
00:14:27.666 --> 00:14:29.401
We are just waiting.

389
00:14:29.468 --> 00:14:31.170
If we look at the map of Europe

390
00:14:31.237 --> 00:14:33.706
every single thought is an

391
00:14:33.772 --> 00:14:35.741
institution or center that has

392
00:14:35.808 --> 00:14:38.844
played a role in this and so web

393
00:14:38.911 --> 00:14:41.046
is pretty much in every single

394
00:14:41.113 --> 00:14:44.817
one and seven we collectively do

395
00:14:44.884 --> 00:14:47.052
a countdown to gather and count

396
00:14:47.119 --> 00:14:48.454
-- and we cannot wait to see the

397
00:14:48.520 --> 00:14:50.222
first picture.

398
00:14:50.289 --> 00:14:52.291
>> thank you for joining us I'm

399
00:14:52.358 --> 00:14:53.559
glad to know that all of our

400
00:14:53.626 --> 00:14:54.760
European friends are waiting for

401
00:14:54.827 --> 00:14:56.495
the launch as well.

402
00:14:56.562 --> 00:14:58.063
>> keeping on the theme of

403
00:14:58.130 --> 00:14:59.565
international collaboration for

404
00:14:59.632 --> 00:15:01.433
the space telescope, joining us

405
00:15:01.500 --> 00:15:03.369
now from Montréal Sarah

406
00:15:03.435 --> 00:15:05.271
Gallagher represented the

407
00:15:05.337 --> 00:15:06.972
Canadian space agency.

408
00:15:07.039 --> 00:15:08.507
Sarah, it's excellent to have

409
00:15:08.574 --> 00:15:09.742
you here today tell us about

410
00:15:09.808 --> 00:15:11.043
Canada's involvement in web

411
00:15:11.110 --> 00:15:12.678
telescope.

412
00:15:12.745 --> 00:15:14.446
>> thank you Michelle, I am

413
00:15:14.513 --> 00:15:16.115
delighted to be here and we so

414
00:15:16.181 --> 00:15:17.283
proud to be a partner for this

415
00:15:17.349 --> 00:15:18.817
exciting mission.

416
00:15:18.884 --> 00:15:20.052
As we have heard Kennedy is

417
00:15:20.119 --> 00:15:21.186
contributing to important

418
00:15:21.253 --> 00:15:23.656
elements to the web telescope,

419
00:15:23.722 --> 00:15:28.193
the fine spectrograph which we

420
00:15:28.260 --> 00:15:30.863
effectually call Nero and these

421
00:15:30.930 --> 00:15:32.431
two instruments are combined

422
00:15:32.498 --> 00:15:33.899
into a single structure within

423
00:15:33.966 --> 00:15:36.068
the telescope pair these two

424
00:15:36.135 --> 00:15:37.937
contribution showcase our

425
00:15:38.003 --> 00:15:39.772
excellent industrial capacity to

426
00:15:39.838 --> 00:15:42.241
support this astronomy.

427
00:15:42.308 --> 00:15:43.976
The fine guidance Center will be

428
00:15:44.043 --> 00:15:45.911
used between all scientific

429
00:15:45.978 --> 00:15:47.413
observations used by web by

430
00:15:47.479 --> 00:15:48.414
using the star field to

431
00:15:48.480 --> 00:15:50.282
determine exactly where the

432
00:15:50.349 --> 00:15:52.151
telescope is looking the system

433
00:15:52.217 --> 00:15:54.153
will enable what is needed to

434
00:15:54.219 --> 00:15:55.888
give us the exquisite images

435
00:15:55.955 --> 00:15:57.089
that we are still looking for

436
00:15:57.156 --> 00:15:58.290
retail.

437
00:15:58.357 --> 00:15:59.491
Of the Canadian astronomy

438
00:15:59.558 --> 00:16:01.827
community is so excited and

439
00:16:01.894 --> 00:16:03.762
fully engaged in the opportunity

440
00:16:03.829 --> 00:16:05.864
afforded by our participation in

441
00:16:05.931 --> 00:16:07.633
the web telescope and we have

442
00:16:07.700 --> 00:16:09.201
plans of lots of exciting

443
00:16:09.268 --> 00:16:10.869
exploration.

444
00:16:10.936 --> 00:16:12.271
Some of the first studies will

445
00:16:12.338 --> 00:16:13.839
include observations in the

446
00:16:13.906 --> 00:16:17.443
region around the stars to study

447
00:16:17.509 --> 00:16:19.144
how the powerhouses affect their

448
00:16:19.211 --> 00:16:21.013
environment and the studies will

449
00:16:21.080 --> 00:16:23.282
happen early in the observing

450
00:16:23.349 --> 00:16:25.017
plan with some of the early

451
00:16:25.084 --> 00:16:27.119
science observations.

452
00:16:27.186 --> 00:16:28.687
As we get closer to launch we

453
00:16:28.754 --> 00:16:30.422
feel a growing enthusiasm in the

454
00:16:30.489 --> 00:16:32.124
community for the science that

455
00:16:32.191 --> 00:16:33.759
is coming the interest in our

456
00:16:33.826 --> 00:16:35.461
community is broad and touches

457
00:16:35.527 --> 00:16:37.062
on a huge variety of research

458
00:16:37.129 --> 00:16:39.231
topics and astronomy this

459
00:16:39.298 --> 00:16:41.367
includes a detailed examinations

460
00:16:41.433 --> 00:16:43.435
of planets, the world around

461
00:16:43.502 --> 00:16:45.270
other stars, the search for the

462
00:16:45.337 --> 00:16:46.438
first life sources in the

463
00:16:46.505 --> 00:16:48.574
universe, the formation and

464
00:16:48.640 --> 00:16:50.576
evolution of galaxies, the the

465
00:16:50.642 --> 00:16:52.578
life cycles of stars, and the

466
00:16:52.644 --> 00:16:54.680
studies of small bodies such as

467
00:16:54.747 --> 00:16:56.348
asteroids and comets and their

468
00:16:56.415 --> 00:16:58.017
own Soler system.

469
00:16:58.083 --> 00:16:59.852
In fact a Canadian team will

470
00:16:59.918 --> 00:17:01.420
focus their studies on the

471
00:17:01.487 --> 00:17:03.288
atmosphere to determine the

472
00:17:03.355 --> 00:17:05.624
composition of temperatures.

473
00:17:05.691 --> 00:17:06.792
Some of the research team's

474
00:17:06.859 --> 00:17:10.429
targets are rocky planets like,

475
00:17:10.496 --> 00:17:11.930
the team hopes to make the very

476
00:17:11.997 --> 00:17:13.999
first detection of an atmosphere

477
00:17:14.066 --> 00:17:15.601
on such a planet this could give

478
00:17:15.667 --> 00:17:17.069
us clues as to whether or not

479
00:17:17.136 --> 00:17:19.304
the planets are habitable.

480
00:17:19.371 --> 00:17:22.841
Looking toward the farthest back

481
00:17:22.908 --> 00:17:25.010
in time another Canadian team

482
00:17:25.077 --> 00:17:26.311
was that some of the first

483
00:17:26.378 --> 00:17:28.881
galaxies ever formed galaxies

484
00:17:28.947 --> 00:17:31.383
gathered in clusters they will

485
00:17:31.450 --> 00:17:33.052
collect images from these

486
00:17:33.118 --> 00:17:34.753
galaxies at different times over

487
00:17:34.820 --> 00:17:36.355
the history of the universe to

488
00:17:36.422 --> 00:17:38.257
help us better understand how

489
00:17:38.323 --> 00:17:40.659
galaxies evolve over time.

490
00:17:40.726 --> 00:17:41.894
These two programs I just

491
00:17:41.960 --> 00:17:43.796
described both use the Canadian

492
00:17:43.862 --> 00:17:46.732
built web the instrument your.

493
00:17:46.799 --> 00:17:48.267
Were also very pleased and so

494
00:17:48.333 --> 00:17:49.535
proud of the excellent

495
00:17:49.601 --> 00:17:51.303
scientific leadership shown by

496
00:17:51.370 --> 00:17:52.471
early career Canadian

497
00:17:52.538 --> 00:17:53.872
astronomy's who are meeting at

498
00:17:53.939 --> 00:17:55.841
many of these project -- leading

499
00:17:55.908 --> 00:17:57.009
many of these projects are in

500
00:17:57.076 --> 00:17:58.277
the first cycle of observation

501
00:17:58.343 --> 00:17:59.244
this interest from the next

502
00:17:59.311 --> 00:18:00.512
generation it shows the vibrancy

503
00:18:00.579 --> 00:18:02.114
of our community there were will

504
00:18:02.181 --> 00:18:03.649
help discover other worlds,

505
00:18:03.715 --> 00:18:04.783
learn more about the lifecycle

506
00:18:04.850 --> 00:18:06.251
of the stars and point picture

507
00:18:06.318 --> 00:18:07.586
of the early universe and

508
00:18:07.653 --> 00:18:09.221
galaxies.

509
00:18:09.288 --> 00:18:10.489
We are truly looking forward to

510
00:18:10.556 --> 00:18:12.424
this new era in space astronomy

511
00:18:12.491 --> 00:18:18.130
and we cannot wait to get

512
00:18:18.197 --> 00:18:19.231
started.

513
00:18:19.298 --> 00:18:21.467
>> for our next gum guest, one

514
00:18:21.533 --> 00:18:26.538
of the in the telescope family

515
00:18:26.605 --> 00:18:31.176
is close -- Clouse.

516
00:18:31.243 --> 00:18:33.579
Tell about the involvement and

517
00:18:33.645 --> 00:18:35.114
your involvement with James

518
00:18:35.180 --> 00:18:36.148
Webb.

519
00:18:36.215 --> 00:18:38.150
>> as we have heard we about to

520
00:18:38.217 --> 00:18:39.918
go on this amazing journey of

521
00:18:39.985 --> 00:18:41.854
discovery and we really mean

522
00:18:41.920 --> 00:18:44.456
discovery because web has a raw

523
00:18:44.523 --> 00:18:46.992
power to reveal the unexpected

524
00:18:47.059 --> 00:18:49.094
and we can plan what we think we

525
00:18:49.161 --> 00:18:50.229
will save it at the end of the

526
00:18:50.295 --> 00:18:52.164
day we know that nature will

527
00:18:52.231 --> 00:18:54.266
surprise us more often than not

528
00:18:54.333 --> 00:18:56.568
and so this new scientific

529
00:18:56.635 --> 00:18:58.570
territory we call discovery

530
00:18:58.637 --> 00:19:02.508
space and web being a flagship

531
00:19:02.574 --> 00:19:05.878
mission is able to unravel this

532
00:19:05.944 --> 00:19:07.913
discovery space in the way you

533
00:19:07.980 --> 00:19:10.415
do that is you have new

534
00:19:10.482 --> 00:19:12.651
capabilities, new technological

535
00:19:12.718 --> 00:19:14.720
capabilities and Webb does have

536
00:19:14.786 --> 00:19:17.256
that in abundance, for example,

537
00:19:17.322 --> 00:19:19.258
Webb will be able to see in the

538
00:19:19.324 --> 00:19:22.227
infrared phenomenal of stars,

539
00:19:22.294 --> 00:19:23.996
galaxies that are 100 times

540
00:19:24.062 --> 00:19:26.031
fainter than what was previously

541
00:19:26.098 --> 00:19:28.133
possible and so we just cannot

542
00:19:28.200 --> 00:19:29.902
predict what is there and we

543
00:19:29.968 --> 00:19:31.970
sort of do know how this goes

544
00:19:32.037 --> 00:19:33.805
because we can look back to the

545
00:19:33.872 --> 00:19:38.944
Hubble space when Hubble was

546
00:19:39.011 --> 00:19:41.813
launched in 1990 we had not

547
00:19:41.880 --> 00:19:43.749
discovered dark energy which is

548
00:19:43.815 --> 00:19:45.284
is a mysterious force that

549
00:19:45.350 --> 00:19:48.353
pushes the universe apart but

550
00:19:48.420 --> 00:19:50.756
Hubble did discover that.

551
00:19:50.822 --> 00:19:52.124
We did not know of any ask a

552
00:19:52.191 --> 00:19:54.159
planet in existence but today we

553
00:19:54.226 --> 00:19:56.295
know thousands of XO planets and

554
00:19:56.361 --> 00:19:57.863
the most specific discovery as

555
00:19:57.930 --> 00:19:59.731
well for example is Hubble

556
00:19:59.798 --> 00:20:01.466
discovered two new moons of

557
00:20:01.533 --> 00:20:03.068
Keuchel that could help the new

558
00:20:03.135 --> 00:20:06.138
horizons probe who visited that

559
00:20:06.205 --> 00:20:07.773
world a few years ago and we

560
00:20:07.839 --> 00:20:09.274
think Webb will be no different

561
00:20:09.341 --> 00:20:10.976
in that sense.

562
00:20:11.043 --> 00:20:14.947
There are almost 400 individual

563
00:20:15.013 --> 00:20:16.715
investigations already lined up

564
00:20:16.782 --> 00:20:18.784
for the first year of science in

565
00:20:18.850 --> 00:20:19.818
these investigations

566
00:20:19.885 --> 00:20:20.986
representing thousands of

567
00:20:21.053 --> 00:20:22.588
scientists from all over the

568
00:20:22.654 --> 00:20:24.189
world.

569
00:20:24.256 --> 00:20:26.992
And some of those programs will

570
00:20:27.059 --> 00:20:28.894
address questions that we did

571
00:20:28.961 --> 00:20:31.663
not know we had when Webb was

572
00:20:31.730 --> 00:20:33.565
first designed but it has the

573
00:20:33.632 --> 00:20:35.234
power to address them for

574
00:20:35.300 --> 00:20:37.769
example, Webb will look at

575
00:20:37.836 --> 00:20:39.538
colliding neutron stars like

576
00:20:39.605 --> 00:20:41.073
these aquatic cataclysmic

577
00:20:41.139 --> 00:20:43.375
collisions in the debris field

578
00:20:43.442 --> 00:20:45.010
that they create we think it

579
00:20:45.077 --> 00:20:46.878
creates some of the heavy

580
00:20:46.945 --> 00:20:49.348
elements in the universe, some

581
00:20:49.414 --> 00:20:51.583
of the heavy metals most

582
00:20:51.650 --> 00:20:54.820
prominently gold including the

583
00:20:54.886 --> 00:20:57.522
gold that is covering the web

584
00:20:57.589 --> 00:20:59.124
itself.

585
00:20:59.191 --> 00:21:00.626
It will look at the lava planet

586
00:21:00.692 --> 00:21:02.060
where we think it might rain

587
00:21:02.127 --> 00:21:04.062
lava and this will determine

588
00:21:04.129 --> 00:21:05.697
whether that's really true and

589
00:21:05.764 --> 00:21:08.333
finally, it will look at a new

590
00:21:08.400 --> 00:21:10.636
phenomenon that is interstellar,

591
00:21:10.702 --> 00:21:12.571
it.

592
00:21:12.638 --> 00:21:14.973
So bodies or other Soler systems

593
00:21:15.040 --> 00:21:16.675
that at one point in the pass

594
00:21:16.742 --> 00:21:19.211
rejected travel to the universe

595
00:21:19.278 --> 00:21:21.713
4 billion years but for a brief

596
00:21:21.780 --> 00:21:23.282
moment they come through our

597
00:21:23.348 --> 00:21:26.451
Soler system and web is able to

598
00:21:26.518 --> 00:21:27.786
quickly point at them and

599
00:21:27.853 --> 00:21:29.354
understand what they are made of

600
00:21:29.421 --> 00:21:31.390
to tell us if other Soler

601
00:21:31.456 --> 00:21:33.091
systems are made up of the same

602
00:21:33.158 --> 00:21:35.394
materials that our own earth and

603
00:21:35.460 --> 00:21:38.730
sun are and so we think Webb

604
00:21:38.797 --> 00:21:40.866
will probably also reveal new

605
00:21:40.932 --> 00:21:42.134
questions for the future

606
00:21:42.200 --> 00:21:46.538
generations some of whom may not

607
00:21:46.605 --> 00:21:49.775
even be born yet.

608
00:21:49.841 --> 00:21:52.678
>> Thank you for joining us.

609
00:21:52.744 --> 00:21:53.945
For the last guest today we have

610
00:21:54.012 --> 00:21:56.615
Amber who is the deputy project

611
00:21:56.682 --> 00:21:58.016
scientist for communications

612
00:21:58.083 --> 00:21:59.584
here at NASA Goddard space

613
00:21:59.651 --> 00:22:01.053
flight Center and you're one of

614
00:22:01.119 --> 00:22:02.354
my absolute favorite story

615
00:22:02.421 --> 00:22:03.789
tenant Dallas tellers and

616
00:22:03.855 --> 00:22:06.091
astrophysicists and you see this

617
00:22:06.158 --> 00:22:07.659
as an incredible narrative about

618
00:22:07.726 --> 00:22:08.760
our place in the universe is

619
00:22:08.827 --> 00:22:10.195
that correct?

620
00:22:10.262 --> 00:22:11.463
>> absolutely.

621
00:22:11.530 --> 00:22:13.231
My own area of research is how

622
00:22:13.298 --> 00:22:15.334
galaxies change over time and

623
00:22:15.400 --> 00:22:18.804
how they form their stars and

624
00:22:18.870 --> 00:22:19.771
there is a lot about this

625
00:22:19.838 --> 00:22:21.239
overall process that we still

626
00:22:21.306 --> 00:22:23.141
don't understand what we do know

627
00:22:23.208 --> 00:22:24.943
that very distant galaxies are

628
00:22:25.010 --> 00:22:26.912
much different then nearby

629
00:22:26.978 --> 00:22:28.680
galaxies.

630
00:22:28.747 --> 00:22:30.248
But we are kind of missing a

631
00:22:30.315 --> 00:22:31.416
piece of the puzzle that we have

632
00:22:31.483 --> 00:22:33.585
not yet seen the very early

633
00:22:33.652 --> 00:22:36.788
galaxies.

634
00:22:36.855 --> 00:22:39.124
We have 13.8 billion your story

635
00:22:39.191 --> 00:22:41.193
in the universe and we are

636
00:22:41.259 --> 00:22:45.597
missing these few key paragraphs

637
00:22:45.664 --> 00:22:46.865
in the very first chapter of the

638
00:22:46.932 --> 00:22:49.468
story.

639
00:22:49.534 --> 00:22:51.403
What we are trying to do here is

640
00:22:51.470 --> 00:22:53.171
figure out how to put all the

641
00:22:53.238 --> 00:22:55.207
pieces of the story together and

642
00:22:55.273 --> 00:22:56.341
learn more about the hole

643
00:22:56.408 --> 00:23:00.579
process and this was designed to

644
00:23:00.645 --> 00:23:02.114
help us find the first galaxies

645
00:23:02.180 --> 00:23:03.215
and of course course galaxies

646
00:23:03.281 --> 00:23:05.250
are the homes of stars, and

647
00:23:05.317 --> 00:23:06.785
stars of the homes of planets

648
00:23:06.852 --> 00:23:08.086
and planets are the cradles of

649
00:23:08.153 --> 00:23:13.358
life and this our next big step

650
00:23:13.425 --> 00:23:15.160
in our search for potentially

651
00:23:15.227 --> 00:23:16.762
habitable planets other than our

652
00:23:16.828 --> 00:23:20.332
own which is very exciting.

653
00:23:20.399 --> 00:23:22.367
This was designed to answer some

654
00:23:22.434 --> 00:23:23.602
of the biggest questions that we

655
00:23:23.668 --> 00:23:25.804
have in astronomy today and one

656
00:23:25.871 --> 00:23:26.805
of my favorite things about

657
00:23:26.872 --> 00:23:28.607
astronomy in general is that it

658
00:23:28.673 --> 00:23:30.108
really doesn't get right down to

659
00:23:30.175 --> 00:23:31.943
our big questions where we come

660
00:23:32.010 --> 00:23:32.811
from?

661
00:23:32.878 --> 00:23:34.179
How do we get here?

662
00:23:34.246 --> 00:23:34.813
Are we alone?

663
00:23:34.880 --> 00:23:37.149
And these questions are more

664
00:23:37.215 --> 00:23:39.451
than just our science questions

665
00:23:39.518 --> 00:23:41.119
they are questions that get to

666
00:23:41.186 --> 00:23:42.154
the heart of what it means to be

667
00:23:42.220 --> 00:23:44.856
human and Clouse mentioned it

668
00:23:44.923 --> 00:23:47.125
exciting prospect of may be we

669
00:23:47.192 --> 00:23:48.427
will find things that are

670
00:23:48.493 --> 00:23:50.228
unexpected and to me that is the

671
00:23:50.295 --> 00:23:52.097
most exciting part of this hole

672
00:23:52.164 --> 00:23:54.399
mission this idea that there are

673
00:23:54.466 --> 00:23:55.467
surprises that they in the

674
00:23:55.534 --> 00:23:57.035
universe and I think we will

675
00:23:57.102 --> 00:23:58.670
find them, it happens every

676
00:23:58.737 --> 00:24:00.739
single time we launch a big bold

677
00:24:00.806 --> 00:24:03.642
telescope into space and this is

678
00:24:03.708 --> 00:24:05.610
the biggest yet.

679
00:24:05.677 --> 00:24:06.978
>> thank you for joining us we

680
00:24:07.045 --> 00:24:09.815
will talk to you more later.

681
00:24:09.881 --> 00:24:10.849
Before he can learn about the

682
00:24:10.916 --> 00:24:11.850
origin of the universe we have

683
00:24:11.917 --> 00:24:13.351
to get the Webb telescope off

684
00:24:13.418 --> 00:24:15.120
the planet and that is a job for

685
00:24:15.187 --> 00:24:17.088
a big rock at one of the largest

686
00:24:17.155 --> 00:24:19.057
it's the area in five launching

687
00:24:19.124 --> 00:24:20.692
from the Guiana space Center

688
00:24:20.759 --> 00:24:22.727
located in French Guiana to

689
00:24:22.794 --> 00:24:24.463
tropical facility but it's also

690
00:24:24.529 --> 00:24:28.133
a gateway to the stars this

691
00:24:28.200 --> 00:24:30.802
presents a soundscape including

692
00:24:30.869 --> 00:24:32.437
roars of rockets and the sounds

693
00:24:32.504 --> 00:24:35.340
of tropical jungles.

694
00:24:35.407 --> 00:24:39.144
Let's let area in five lead

695
00:24:39.211 --> 00:24:43.381
launchpad.

696
00:24:43.448 --> 00:24:45.083
It's here were mission managers

697
00:24:45.150 --> 00:24:46.151
will not only control the

698
00:24:46.218 --> 00:24:48.286
spacecraft but also gather data

699
00:24:48.353 --> 00:24:49.788
from the telescope scientific

700
00:24:49.855 --> 00:24:51.223
instruments.

701
00:24:51.289 --> 00:24:52.457
What we will do now is take a

702
00:24:52.524 --> 00:24:54.493
quick break and reset the stage

703
00:24:54.559 --> 00:24:56.194
and take a lot of from audience

704
00:24:56.261 --> 00:24:57.796
and also from the media so if

705
00:24:57.863 --> 00:24:58.630
you want to join us with

706
00:24:58.697 --> 00:25:00.632
questions go to hashtag NASA

707
00:25:00.699 --> 00:25:02.367
Webb and we'll be back in just a

708
00:25:02.434 --> 00:25:03.935
few moments we are here at the

709
00:25:04.002 --> 00:25:06.271
Goddard space site Center please

710
00:25:06.338 --> 00:26:09.067
come join us again.

711
00:26:09.134 --> 00:26:10.735
>> welcome back.

712
00:26:10.802 --> 00:26:12.237
This is the prelaunch grieving

713
00:26:12.304 --> 00:26:15.574
for the James Webb telescope.

714
00:26:15.640 --> 00:26:16.875
We now have a panel of all the

715
00:26:16.942 --> 00:26:18.510
guests we heard before will tell

716
00:26:18.577 --> 00:26:20.712
us about the goals of the James

717
00:26:20.779 --> 00:26:22.347
Webb space telescope and take a

718
00:26:22.414 --> 00:26:23.982
lot of questions from the media

719
00:26:24.049 --> 00:26:25.450
in order to get this started I

720
00:26:25.517 --> 00:26:27.118
will now ask the operator, do

721
00:26:27.185 --> 00:26:28.320
you questions in the media to

722
00:26:28.386 --> 00:26:33.858
begin with?

723
00:26:33.925 --> 00:26:35.160
>> the first one is from from

724
00:26:35.226 --> 00:26:40.165
Elizabeth Hall the line is open.

725
00:26:40.231 --> 00:26:42.567
>> among the early observation,

726
00:26:42.634 --> 00:26:44.703
the early programs, have you

727
00:26:44.769 --> 00:26:46.137
selected a onesie yet that will

728
00:26:46.204 --> 00:26:49.374
be having first or quickly after

729
00:26:49.441 --> 00:26:54.713
first flight?

730
00:26:54.779 --> 00:27:02.721
>> what we do first?

731
00:27:02.787 --> 00:27:04.623
>> we have planned the entire

732
00:27:04.689 --> 00:27:06.891
first year of scientific

733
00:27:06.958 --> 00:27:10.428
observations in the highest

734
00:27:10.495 --> 00:27:12.130
priority things we have chosen

735
00:27:12.197 --> 00:27:13.231
some early release science

736
00:27:13.298 --> 00:27:14.432
programs that will be announced

737
00:27:14.499 --> 00:27:15.433
immediately after they are

738
00:27:15.500 --> 00:27:17.168
observed so we will give the

739
00:27:17.235 --> 00:27:18.570
data as soon as we have it for

740
00:27:18.637 --> 00:27:22.340
those great patrons.

741
00:27:22.407 --> 00:27:24.075
And they cover a wide range of

742
00:27:24.142 --> 00:27:25.210
topics all the way from the

743
00:27:25.276 --> 00:27:29.914
Soler system to the lack hole --

744
00:27:29.981 --> 00:27:31.449
black hole, everything.

745
00:27:31.516 --> 00:27:34.352
>> is that answer >> yes it

746
00:27:34.419 --> 00:27:43.361
does.

747
00:27:43.428 --> 00:27:44.462
He could answer the question

748
00:27:44.529 --> 00:27:49.734
from the phone line that.

749
00:27:49.801 --> 00:27:51.236
The next deck -- the next

750
00:27:51.302 --> 00:27:52.437
question is from Stephen Clark

751
00:27:52.504 --> 00:28:00.979
here line is open.

752
00:28:01.046 --> 00:28:12.323
>> I have a follow-up question.

753
00:28:12.390 --> 00:28:13.792
When will the first images be

754
00:28:13.858 --> 00:28:15.927
released?

755
00:28:15.994 --> 00:28:17.128
Will the public be able to see

756
00:28:17.195 --> 00:28:20.932
the images?

757
00:28:20.999 --> 00:28:27.305
During the imaging process I saw

758
00:28:27.372 --> 00:28:28.440
a list of the early science

759
00:28:28.506 --> 00:28:34.612
programs but what will we see

760
00:28:34.679 --> 00:28:36.347
from the early observations or

761
00:28:36.414 --> 00:28:40.852
will be released as a group?

762
00:28:40.919 --> 00:28:42.220
>> we have a wonderful plan for

763
00:28:42.287 --> 00:28:50.028
the early observations these are

764
00:28:50.095 --> 00:28:54.099
to at end of commissioning.

765
00:28:54.165 --> 00:28:56.267
It's about six months.

766
00:28:56.334 --> 00:28:57.102
And we get the final

767
00:28:57.168 --> 00:29:03.875
commissioning fast.

768
00:29:03.942 --> 00:29:05.343
As soon as instruments are fully

769
00:29:05.410 --> 00:29:09.247
commissioned it will happen all

770
00:29:09.314 --> 00:29:11.015
the same time about six months

771
00:29:11.082 --> 00:29:16.321
pass launch.

772
00:29:16.387 --> 00:29:36.508
>> further questions?

773
00:29:36.574 --> 00:29:38.209
>> I am afraid that the speaker

774
00:29:38.276 --> 00:29:41.112
is breaking up a bit.

775
00:29:41.179 --> 00:29:41.946
I'm having trouble

776
00:29:42.013 --> 00:29:45.717
understanding.

777
00:29:45.784 --> 00:30:07.372
Please go ahead.

778
00:30:07.438 --> 00:30:09.207
I'm sorry I hurt you nodding did

779
00:30:09.274 --> 00:30:10.241
you get enough of the question

780
00:30:10.308 --> 00:30:11.342
because of the bit broken up for

781
00:30:11.409 --> 00:30:13.778
me.

782
00:30:13.845 --> 00:30:14.879
>> I did not get the hole

783
00:30:14.946 --> 00:30:16.181
question but I think I get the

784
00:30:16.247 --> 00:30:18.883
gist it is about whether there

785
00:30:18.950 --> 00:30:22.687
is a direct discretionary time

786
00:30:22.754 --> 00:30:24.355
and to summarize, the

787
00:30:24.422 --> 00:30:26.391
discretionary time is time that

788
00:30:26.457 --> 00:30:31.029
is awarded by the director of

789
00:30:31.095 --> 00:30:35.567
the Institute and it is for new

790
00:30:35.633 --> 00:30:36.634
science that appears all of a

791
00:30:36.701 --> 00:30:39.938
sudden that you just must do and

792
00:30:40.004 --> 00:30:41.206
if you have something like that

793
00:30:41.272 --> 00:30:44.142
in the community can propose it

794
00:30:44.209 --> 00:30:45.243
and say we have to do it right

795
00:30:45.310 --> 00:30:46.511
now we cannot wait for the next

796
00:30:46.578 --> 00:30:47.846
opportunity to propose a time

797
00:30:47.912 --> 00:30:49.013
and the director can look at it

798
00:30:49.080 --> 00:30:51.316
and say yes, we should actually

799
00:30:51.382 --> 00:30:52.984
do this.

800
00:30:53.051 --> 00:30:54.853
But it's the same with Hubble

801
00:30:54.919 --> 00:30:56.421
there is the Director's

802
00:30:56.487 --> 00:30:58.756
discretionary time progress.

803
00:30:58.823 --> 00:31:02.093
I hope answers your question.

804
00:31:02.160 --> 00:31:07.332
>> let's have the next question.

805
00:31:07.398 --> 00:31:09.067
>> good morning, on with the

806
00:31:09.133 --> 00:31:13.571
Associated Press.

807
00:31:13.638 --> 00:31:15.206
I'm hoping to get a consensus

808
00:31:15.273 --> 00:31:19.611
from the group this morning, if

809
00:31:19.677 --> 00:31:21.246
the universe is 13.8 billion

810
00:31:21.312 --> 00:31:23.381
years old, how close to the

811
00:31:23.448 --> 00:31:26.084
beginning is Webb actually going

812
00:31:26.150 --> 00:31:27.552
to say?

813
00:31:27.619 --> 00:31:29.654
How far back to Hubble say

814
00:31:29.721 --> 00:31:32.056
question and are there other

815
00:31:32.123 --> 00:31:34.759
telescope devices that have

816
00:31:34.826 --> 00:31:37.962
better records and what will it

817
00:31:38.029 --> 00:31:40.331
take to be able to look all the

818
00:31:40.398 --> 00:31:44.869
way back to the first moments of

819
00:31:44.936 --> 00:31:49.607
the universe and is it possible?

820
00:31:49.674 --> 00:31:51.209
>> Jon is the perfect person for

821
00:31:51.276 --> 00:31:52.176
that question.

822
00:31:52.243 --> 00:31:53.478
>> the first thing that we

823
00:31:53.544 --> 00:31:55.146
observe directly is the cosmic

824
00:31:55.213 --> 00:31:56.848
microwave background radiation

825
00:31:56.915 --> 00:31:58.716
which is the primordial heat of

826
00:31:58.783 --> 00:32:00.351
a very earliest universe and as

827
00:32:00.418 --> 00:32:02.487
mentioned earlier it has hot and

828
00:32:02.553 --> 00:32:04.656
cold spots a bumps in it what

829
00:32:04.722 --> 00:32:05.990
you think eventually grow up to

830
00:32:06.057 --> 00:32:07.692
become stars and galaxies the

831
00:32:07.759 --> 00:32:08.459
first thing you can see with the

832
00:32:08.526 --> 00:32:10.328
telescope is predicted to happen

833
00:32:10.395 --> 00:32:12.363
about 100 million years later so

834
00:32:12.430 --> 00:32:16.200
that is the objective of first

835
00:32:16.267 --> 00:32:18.202
galaxy search.

836
00:32:18.269 --> 00:32:19.904
We think they are out there, we

837
00:32:19.971 --> 00:32:20.939
do not know exactly what they

838
00:32:21.005 --> 00:32:22.674
will be like but we expect to

839
00:32:22.740 --> 00:32:25.777
see little inter- red dots on

840
00:32:25.843 --> 00:32:26.945
the picture that we have to

841
00:32:27.011 --> 00:32:28.546
analyze it to see is it really

842
00:32:28.613 --> 00:32:30.248
what we hope.

843
00:32:30.315 --> 00:32:33.284
It says that they are really far

844
00:32:33.351 --> 00:32:37.088
primordial from the first galaxy

845
00:32:37.155 --> 00:32:41.893
about 100 million years.

846
00:32:41.960 --> 00:32:52.537
>> next question.

847
00:32:52.603 --> 00:32:59.243
>> how far out to the telescope

848
00:32:59.310 --> 00:32:59.844
need to detect the chemical in

849
00:32:59.911 --> 00:33:06.217
atmosphere of the planet?

850
00:33:06.284 --> 00:33:07.318
And also what about the

851
00:33:07.385 --> 00:33:08.619
collaborative program with

852
00:33:08.686 --> 00:33:13.925
gravitational weight vectors?

853
00:33:13.992 --> 00:33:15.259
>> I think it was addressed to

854
00:33:15.326 --> 00:33:16.494
me but I think others could

855
00:33:16.561 --> 00:33:17.996
answer it better.

856
00:33:18.062 --> 00:33:19.764
We can analyze atmosphere of the

857
00:33:19.831 --> 00:33:21.065
planets around other stars

858
00:33:21.132 --> 00:33:22.066
because of the starlight that

859
00:33:22.133 --> 00:33:23.801
goes through the atmosphere's.

860
00:33:23.868 --> 00:33:25.370
And so we do have a list of I

861
00:33:25.436 --> 00:33:27.271
think 65 that we will observe in

862
00:33:27.338 --> 00:33:28.606
the first year and they are

863
00:33:28.673 --> 00:33:30.408
pretty close by were not looking

864
00:33:30.475 --> 00:33:31.776
way to other galaxies were

865
00:33:31.843 --> 00:33:33.044
looking as closed by here

866
00:33:33.111 --> 00:33:34.212
because those are the easiest

867
00:33:34.278 --> 00:33:37.382
and best for us to is that the

868
00:33:37.448 --> 00:33:38.483
main question?

869
00:33:38.549 --> 00:33:42.920
>> I do think cell -- so.

870
00:33:42.987 --> 00:33:49.293
>> I can add to that yes indeed

871
00:33:49.360 --> 00:33:51.295
there are programs that are set

872
00:33:51.362 --> 00:33:53.197
up so that when gravitational

873
00:33:53.264 --> 00:33:56.868
waves detect or see collisions

874
00:33:56.934 --> 00:33:58.903
on the neutron star called

875
00:33:58.970 --> 00:34:01.272
Villanova the web will be able

876
00:34:01.339 --> 00:34:04.042
to relatively quickly go and

877
00:34:04.108 --> 00:34:06.511
look at the debris from those

878
00:34:06.577 --> 00:34:08.446
explosions and see what it's

879
00:34:08.513 --> 00:34:11.149
made of.

880
00:34:11.215 --> 00:34:13.051
There are several programs that

881
00:34:13.117 --> 00:34:19.924
do that.

882
00:34:19.991 --> 00:34:21.592
>> the next question is from

883
00:34:21.659 --> 00:34:26.097
Bill, your line is open.

884
00:34:26.164 --> 00:34:33.071
>> we are all familiar with

885
00:34:33.137 --> 00:34:36.407
imagery but what about images

886
00:34:36.474 --> 00:34:39.677
from data and how images can

887
00:34:39.744 --> 00:34:41.612
compare with this, will they be

888
00:34:41.679 --> 00:34:43.781
as jaw-dropping as Hubble

889
00:34:43.848 --> 00:34:44.882
picture are from a public

890
00:34:44.949 --> 00:34:47.051
standpoint?

891
00:34:47.118 --> 00:34:49.387
In the earlier question aside

892
00:34:49.454 --> 00:34:51.889
from the actual image is can we

893
00:34:51.956 --> 00:34:55.560
follow along as you guys

894
00:34:55.626 --> 00:34:57.528
mirrored is AP segments and can

895
00:34:57.595 --> 00:34:58.229
we go along with the the

896
00:34:58.296 --> 00:34:59.697
wavefront program that you guys

897
00:34:59.764 --> 00:35:02.366
had in the first initial month

898
00:35:02.433 --> 00:35:03.134
people are trying to get

899
00:35:03.201 --> 00:35:04.302
everything lined up.

900
00:35:04.368 --> 00:35:07.905
>> absolutely.

901
00:35:07.972 --> 00:35:10.842
>> the question about will the

902
00:35:10.908 --> 00:35:12.310
images be beautiful is a great

903
00:35:12.376 --> 00:35:13.311
one and the answers actually

904
00:35:13.377 --> 00:35:17.248
absolutely yes, this telescope

905
00:35:17.315 --> 00:35:19.550
will rival Hubble it is a

906
00:35:19.617 --> 00:35:22.220
infrared telescope and so what

907
00:35:22.286 --> 00:35:24.222
the infrared light looks like,

908
00:35:24.288 --> 00:35:25.756
you can get I always tell people

909
00:35:25.823 --> 00:35:27.391
in the assets question, go and

910
00:35:27.458 --> 00:35:34.465
look of the Eagle nebula and so

911
00:35:34.532 --> 00:35:36.367
Hubble has a little tiny bit of

912
00:35:36.434 --> 00:35:39.871
capability in near infrared and

913
00:35:39.937 --> 00:35:41.939
it took a stunning picture of

914
00:35:42.006 --> 00:35:43.808
the nebula and so go look at

915
00:35:43.875 --> 00:35:45.943
that it gives you a hint of how

916
00:35:46.010 --> 00:35:47.879
beautiful we expect these images

917
00:35:47.945 --> 00:35:49.680
to be.

918
00:35:49.747 --> 00:35:51.115
Yep.

919
00:35:51.182 --> 00:35:53.151
They will deftly be beautiful.

920
00:35:53.217 --> 00:35:55.219
>> as far as falling on,

921
00:35:55.286 --> 00:35:57.688
actually we get the news coming

922
00:35:57.755 --> 00:35:58.689
from all the different mirror

923
00:35:58.756 --> 00:35:59.924
sections and focusing.

924
00:35:59.991 --> 00:36:02.093
>> we do definitely plan to keep

925
00:36:02.160 --> 00:36:03.294
the committee updated on the

926
00:36:03.361 --> 00:36:04.896
hole commissioning process all

927
00:36:04.962 --> 00:36:06.531
along the way here in there are

928
00:36:06.597 --> 00:36:07.899
a lot of different ways of doing

929
00:36:07.965 --> 00:36:08.733
it.

930
00:36:08.799 --> 00:36:10.535
We of course can send out press

931
00:36:10.601 --> 00:36:12.937
releases with the milestones and

932
00:36:13.004 --> 00:36:14.505
have constant social media

933
00:36:14.572 --> 00:36:15.773
updates on our social media

934
00:36:15.840 --> 00:36:17.675
channels.

935
00:36:17.742 --> 00:36:20.244
We will have a weekly blog so if

936
00:36:20.311 --> 00:36:22.180
you go to our website -- it gets

937
00:36:22.246 --> 00:36:23.681
more into the technical aspect

938
00:36:23.748 --> 00:36:24.949
so if you do really want to

939
00:36:25.016 --> 00:36:29.220
learn about some of the details.

940
00:36:29.287 --> 00:36:30.755
You can do that, there are a lot

941
00:36:30.821 --> 00:36:32.056
of different ways to keep up

942
00:36:32.123 --> 00:36:33.624
with what's going on.

943
00:36:33.691 --> 00:36:35.159
>> I cleared my calendar after

944
00:36:35.226 --> 00:36:36.427
December 18th because we will

945
00:36:36.494 --> 00:36:37.762
have many different briefings

946
00:36:37.828 --> 00:36:38.963
and ways that people can see

947
00:36:39.030 --> 00:36:40.031
what is going on and get the

948
00:36:40.097 --> 00:36:49.073
news out here >> the next

949
00:36:49.140 --> 00:36:52.944
question is from Johnny.

950
00:36:53.010 --> 00:36:54.579
>> I'm from London here in the

951
00:36:54.645 --> 00:37:13.564
UK.

952
00:37:13.631 --> 00:37:14.899
Will we be able to see the black

953
00:37:14.966 --> 00:37:16.901
hole?

954
00:37:16.968 --> 00:37:21.305
What kind of blackhole?

955
00:37:21.372 --> 00:37:22.773
>> I believe there is a number

956
00:37:22.840 --> 00:37:23.608
of you that can answer the

957
00:37:23.674 --> 00:37:24.508
question if you want to go

958
00:37:24.575 --> 00:37:27.578
ahead.

959
00:37:27.645 --> 00:37:29.714
>> I can give us a shot, part of

960
00:37:29.780 --> 00:37:31.015
the question was how long will

961
00:37:31.082 --> 00:37:34.051
it take for web to make an

962
00:37:34.118 --> 00:37:36.053
extreme ultimate deal like

963
00:37:36.120 --> 00:37:36.587
Hubble did?

964
00:37:36.654 --> 00:37:39.991
Hubble created extreme deal that

965
00:37:40.057 --> 00:37:41.826
was days and days of exposure

966
00:37:41.892 --> 00:37:43.494
time Webb will do that in a

967
00:37:43.561 --> 00:37:44.762
couple of hours in the

968
00:37:44.829 --> 00:37:47.298
wavelength where they have an

969
00:37:47.365 --> 00:37:50.067
overlap of course there are two

970
00:37:50.134 --> 00:37:51.569
wavelengths where Hubble could

971
00:37:51.636 --> 00:37:53.404
not operate and so what we will

972
00:37:53.471 --> 00:37:56.374
see there is there is no

973
00:37:56.440 --> 00:37:58.342
comparison but there are

974
00:37:58.409 --> 00:38:00.177
programs in the first year or

975
00:38:00.244 --> 00:38:01.879
two not quite go days and days

976
00:38:01.946 --> 00:38:05.016
and days but it will go I the

977
00:38:05.082 --> 00:38:09.854
most 60 hours deep images and it

978
00:38:09.920 --> 00:38:16.360
will be very exciting.

979
00:38:16.427 --> 00:38:17.495
>> any any follow-ups?

980
00:38:17.561 --> 00:38:18.929
Anything else?

981
00:38:18.996 --> 00:38:20.998
Are we good?

982
00:38:21.065 --> 00:38:23.067
>> the black hole question.

983
00:38:23.134 --> 00:38:24.735
>> yes that is right observing

984
00:38:24.802 --> 00:38:34.645
the black hole.

985
00:38:34.712 --> 00:38:38.683
>> what kind of blackhole is

986
00:38:38.749 --> 00:38:40.451
this kind of timer?

987
00:38:40.518 --> 00:38:44.155
>> in the early universe sure.

988
00:38:44.221 --> 00:38:45.956
Actually one of the puzzles that

989
00:38:46.023 --> 00:38:49.360
we want to follow his have the

990
00:38:49.427 --> 00:38:53.164
big giant super mass hole got so

991
00:38:53.230 --> 00:38:55.733
big so fast some of the

992
00:38:55.800 --> 00:38:58.135
supermassive black holes are in

993
00:38:58.202 --> 00:38:59.837
the universe now and are much

994
00:38:59.904 --> 00:39:01.572
bigger than we should expect

995
00:39:01.639 --> 00:39:04.241
based upon our ideas of how

996
00:39:04.308 --> 00:39:06.877
galaxies build up over time.

997
00:39:06.944 --> 00:39:08.346
We should be able to see the

998
00:39:08.412 --> 00:39:10.114
supermassive black holes even

999
00:39:10.181 --> 00:39:11.849
further out in the more distinct

1000
00:39:11.916 --> 00:39:13.417
universe and I will certainly

1001
00:39:13.484 --> 00:39:22.393
help us pieced over time.

1002
00:39:22.460 --> 00:39:23.594
>> we have more questions for

1003
00:39:23.661 --> 00:39:30.034
the media.

1004
00:39:30.101 --> 00:40:08.272
>> >> is is a question on analog

1005
00:40:08.339 --> 00:40:11.909
and exit planet?

1006
00:40:11.976 --> 00:40:16.647
>> right, if you mean an

1007
00:40:16.714 --> 00:40:19.950
earthlike planet like Earth size

1008
00:40:20.017 --> 00:40:21.118
with the same distance toward

1009
00:40:21.185 --> 00:40:26.023
the sun but with a Sun -like

1010
00:40:26.090 --> 00:40:28.626
star, Webb would not

1011
00:40:28.692 --> 00:40:30.227
characterize the atmosphere of

1012
00:40:30.294 --> 00:40:35.366
such.

1013
00:40:35.433 --> 00:40:36.367
It will characterize the

1014
00:40:36.434 --> 00:40:38.369
atmospheres of planets around a

1015
00:40:38.436 --> 00:40:41.238
much smaller stars than the it

1016
00:40:41.305 --> 00:40:43.307
is a bit easier to do and they

1017
00:40:43.374 --> 00:40:44.875
can still be habitable and I

1018
00:40:44.942 --> 00:40:47.945
think one of the is to

1019
00:40:48.012 --> 00:40:50.648
understand some of the

1020
00:40:50.714 --> 00:40:52.917
properties of habitability but

1021
00:40:52.983 --> 00:40:56.253
it will not be a true earth

1022
00:40:56.320 --> 00:41:02.393
analog.

1023
00:41:02.460 --> 00:41:09.567
>> this system is a good example

1024
00:41:09.633 --> 00:41:11.469
of planets that orbit around by

1025
00:41:11.535 --> 00:41:16.240
June -- a bunch of smaller stars

1026
00:41:16.307 --> 00:41:17.308
and we have excellent data of

1027
00:41:17.374 --> 00:41:20.711
that Summer infrared.

1028
00:41:20.778 --> 00:41:27.318
-- and some are infrared.

1029
00:41:27.384 --> 00:41:28.853
>> I'm so sorry you're bringing

1030
00:41:28.919 --> 00:41:32.523
up.

1031
00:41:32.590 --> 00:41:34.725
>> the Duke discretionary time,

1032
00:41:34.792 --> 00:41:38.128
what will it be used for?

1033
00:41:38.195 --> 00:41:43.133
>> it's used in two ways, one

1034
00:41:43.200 --> 00:41:44.735
that it will do something as a

1035
00:41:44.802 --> 00:41:47.438
follow-up on discovery something

1036
00:41:47.505 --> 00:41:49.473
that can wait for the next time

1037
00:41:49.540 --> 00:41:51.909
but directors in the pass have

1038
00:41:51.976 --> 00:41:55.479
also use this to allocate

1039
00:41:55.546 --> 00:41:57.948
compelling scientific ideas for

1040
00:41:58.015 --> 00:42:00.818
Hubble this was a discretionary

1041
00:42:00.885 --> 00:42:02.119
one so it's important to

1042
00:42:02.186 --> 00:42:05.022
remember that there is duality

1043
00:42:05.089 --> 00:42:06.724
in the discretionary time and it

1044
00:42:06.790 --> 00:42:08.425
can be used for both the

1045
00:42:08.492 --> 00:42:10.427
community always has great input

1046
00:42:10.494 --> 00:42:12.563
in deciding where to put this

1047
00:42:12.630 --> 00:42:16.667
energy and tries to solve it.

1048
00:42:16.734 --> 00:42:18.402
>> I think the early release

1049
00:42:18.469 --> 00:42:22.506
program is also discretionary.

1050
00:42:22.573 --> 00:42:23.974
>> we will get one more question

1051
00:42:24.041 --> 00:42:32.483
from the media.

1052
00:42:32.550 --> 00:42:37.121
>> thank you for the 100 million

1053
00:42:37.187 --> 00:42:39.323
earmarks but what's the current

1054
00:42:39.390 --> 00:42:41.225
record in the furthest back in

1055
00:42:41.292 --> 00:42:43.827
time scientists have seen to

1056
00:42:43.894 --> 00:42:47.631
date with what instrument and is

1057
00:42:47.698 --> 00:42:51.902
it possible to ever get closer

1058
00:42:51.969 --> 00:42:54.338
than what we will do with the

1059
00:42:54.405 --> 00:42:56.574
hundred million earmarks?

1060
00:42:56.640 --> 00:43:00.444
>> telescope has pushed the

1061
00:43:00.511 --> 00:43:02.580
million to 400,000 years after

1062
00:43:02.646 --> 00:43:04.848
the Big Bang so I think there is

1063
00:43:04.915 --> 00:43:07.851
a gas as to whether it will be

1064
00:43:07.918 --> 00:43:09.286
400 million years and

1065
00:43:09.353 --> 00:43:11.188
100 million years as Joe was

1066
00:43:11.255 --> 00:43:14.191
talking about, there is a

1067
00:43:14.258 --> 00:43:16.260
interval perhaps where there is

1068
00:43:16.327 --> 00:43:20.631
a baby universe and we will

1069
00:43:20.698 --> 00:43:21.832
present a view that we have

1070
00:43:21.899 --> 00:43:24.802
never seen before.

1071
00:43:24.868 --> 00:43:26.971
>> Jon, develop, is there any

1072
00:43:27.037 --> 00:43:28.305
way to actually look further

1073
00:43:28.372 --> 00:43:29.873
back than the microwave

1074
00:43:29.940 --> 00:43:31.375
background radiation?

1075
00:43:31.442 --> 00:43:32.676
>> we can only look further and

1076
00:43:32.743 --> 00:43:35.779
our imagination so we have lots

1077
00:43:35.846 --> 00:43:37.247
of theoretical stories that we

1078
00:43:37.314 --> 00:43:38.716
tell and calculations that we

1079
00:43:38.782 --> 00:43:40.217
make but there is nothing to

1080
00:43:40.284 --> 00:43:42.152
look at directly, we have

1081
00:43:42.219 --> 00:43:43.954
evidence of a very very very

1082
00:43:44.021 --> 00:43:46.590
early times that are found in

1083
00:43:46.657 --> 00:43:48.459
the polymerization of the cosmic

1084
00:43:48.525 --> 00:43:50.794
my ground -- migrate back around

1085
00:43:50.861 --> 00:43:52.196
but that's not something the web

1086
00:43:52.262 --> 00:43:53.564
will address their other

1087
00:43:53.631 --> 00:43:56.000
projects that are on the way.

1088
00:43:56.066 --> 00:43:58.135
>> I believe we have a question

1089
00:43:58.202 --> 00:43:59.403
coming from a highschooler in

1090
00:43:59.470 --> 00:44:05.943
New York.

1091
00:44:06.010 --> 00:44:08.078
In social media okay and getting

1092
00:44:08.145 --> 00:44:09.113
a number of different social

1093
00:44:09.179 --> 00:44:11.382
media questions.

1094
00:44:11.448 --> 00:44:15.085
Okay, this one says, okay, what

1095
00:44:15.152 --> 00:44:16.420
makes you think you will be able

1096
00:44:16.487 --> 00:44:20.157
to find habitable acts of

1097
00:44:20.224 --> 00:44:22.493
planets now and will there be

1098
00:44:22.559 --> 00:44:23.727
follow on missions to get better

1099
00:44:23.794 --> 00:44:29.433
observations?

1100
00:44:29.500 --> 00:44:32.836
>> I think it's critical about

1101
00:44:32.903 --> 00:44:36.040
what will come after this and

1102
00:44:36.106 --> 00:44:39.043
yes there is just the process

1103
00:44:39.109 --> 00:44:41.445
that was a survey with

1104
00:44:41.512 --> 00:44:42.880
astronomical community comes

1105
00:44:42.946 --> 00:44:44.481
together and they talk about the

1106
00:44:44.548 --> 00:44:46.183
most important thing to do in

1107
00:44:46.250 --> 00:44:47.451
the highest priority of that

1108
00:44:47.518 --> 00:44:49.620
survey was indeed we need to

1109
00:44:49.687 --> 00:44:53.057
make a telescope after this that

1110
00:44:53.123 --> 00:44:57.061
can actually observe earthlike

1111
00:44:57.127 --> 00:44:59.863
planets and earth analog around

1112
00:44:59.930 --> 00:45:01.899
Soler -type stars which is very

1113
00:45:01.965 --> 00:45:04.835
exciting but that is in a more

1114
00:45:04.902 --> 00:45:08.272
distant future.

1115
00:45:08.338 --> 00:45:10.307
>> many of these questions for

1116
00:45:10.374 --> 00:45:13.210
along the same theme and this is

1117
00:45:13.277 --> 00:45:15.512
a big complex mission people are

1118
00:45:15.579 --> 00:45:16.747
saying are you nervous about

1119
00:45:16.814 --> 00:45:19.149
lunch, are you excited, tell us

1120
00:45:19.216 --> 00:45:21.018
about the the testing and making

1121
00:45:21.085 --> 00:45:22.252
sure this thing works and how

1122
00:45:22.319 --> 00:45:23.587
you're feeling about it.

1123
00:45:23.654 --> 00:45:26.023
>> I certainly am excited but I

1124
00:45:26.090 --> 00:45:27.524
am not nervous.

1125
00:45:27.591 --> 00:45:32.362
We have a great that is working

1126
00:45:32.429 --> 00:45:34.198
on the telescope and they go

1127
00:45:34.264 --> 00:45:36.567
through all the best practices

1128
00:45:36.633 --> 00:45:39.603
and engineering units and we

1129
00:45:39.670 --> 00:45:41.238
test at different levels as we

1130
00:45:41.305 --> 00:45:43.006
build up to the telescope side

1131
00:45:43.073 --> 00:45:45.843
and we test as much as possible

1132
00:45:45.909 --> 00:45:48.078
and practical.

1133
00:45:48.145 --> 00:45:50.047
We test it the same way that it

1134
00:45:50.114 --> 00:45:51.882
will operate in space upon

1135
00:45:51.949 --> 00:45:53.584
launch and so we have done all

1136
00:45:53.650 --> 00:45:55.486
of that and I think that we are

1137
00:45:55.552 --> 00:45:57.688
in good shape but I will say on

1138
00:45:57.755 --> 00:46:02.326
launch day I do get and I do

1139
00:46:02.392 --> 00:46:04.261
just expect that so that does

1140
00:46:04.328 --> 00:46:08.265
not >> we spoke about the first

1141
00:46:08.332 --> 00:46:10.534
galaxy and how web hopes to

1142
00:46:10.601 --> 00:46:12.202
observe that but there also

1143
00:46:12.269 --> 00:46:13.403
questions involving the first

1144
00:46:13.470 --> 00:46:14.905
stars and for the first stars be

1145
00:46:14.972 --> 00:46:15.973
very different than the stars we

1146
00:46:16.039 --> 00:46:21.411
see today?

1147
00:46:21.478 --> 00:46:27.684
>> Jon is expert in this but so

1148
00:46:27.751 --> 00:46:29.753
it seems at the very first stars

1149
00:46:29.820 --> 00:46:32.055
that formed on the earth were

1150
00:46:32.122 --> 00:46:35.225
very very big, very massive,

1151
00:46:35.292 --> 00:46:36.960
much bigger than the normal

1152
00:46:37.027 --> 00:46:38.595
stars in a nearby Milky Way

1153
00:46:38.662 --> 00:46:40.731
galaxy and they also lived out

1154
00:46:40.798 --> 00:46:43.867
their lives extremely fast

1155
00:46:43.934 --> 00:46:45.169
because they were only made of

1156
00:46:45.235 --> 00:46:47.704
Hadrian that hydrogen and helium

1157
00:46:47.771 --> 00:46:49.773
and of the heavier elements that

1158
00:46:49.840 --> 00:46:51.542
cause stars to move more slowly

1159
00:46:51.608 --> 00:46:53.677
in their lives so we have never

1160
00:46:53.744 --> 00:46:55.379
observed these first population

1161
00:46:55.445 --> 00:46:57.381
of stars and we certainly hope

1162
00:46:57.447 --> 00:46:57.948
you might get lucky and see

1163
00:46:58.015 --> 00:47:00.250
them.

1164
00:47:00.317 --> 00:47:02.786
But we are not sure if we will.

1165
00:47:02.853 --> 00:47:04.154
It's one of those things about

1166
00:47:04.221 --> 00:47:05.255
trying to find things we have

1167
00:47:05.322 --> 00:47:06.924
never found before is that we

1168
00:47:06.990 --> 00:47:08.525
certainly do hope to see them

1169
00:47:08.592 --> 00:47:10.160
but we don't know if we well but

1170
00:47:10.227 --> 00:47:12.262
yes, we are excited because the

1171
00:47:12.329 --> 00:47:13.430
first stars are totally

1172
00:47:13.497 --> 00:47:18.035
different than our normal stars.

1173
00:47:18.101 --> 00:47:19.903
Jon may have more to add.

1174
00:47:19.970 --> 00:47:22.072
>> one thing about them is even

1175
00:47:22.139 --> 00:47:23.941
with the great web telescope you

1176
00:47:24.007 --> 00:47:25.342
cannot see them individually in

1177
00:47:25.409 --> 00:47:27.244
the normal lives but they do two

1178
00:47:27.311 --> 00:47:29.813
things, they come in herds,

1179
00:47:29.880 --> 00:47:30.948
hundreds or thousands or

1180
00:47:31.014 --> 00:47:32.549
millions of them together and

1181
00:47:32.616 --> 00:47:33.884
then you can see them and then

1182
00:47:33.951 --> 00:47:35.752
it looks like a new galaxy they

1183
00:47:35.819 --> 00:47:37.454
also blow up when they are old

1184
00:47:37.521 --> 00:47:39.256
which is not very old a few

1185
00:47:39.323 --> 00:47:40.624
million years it takes to burn

1186
00:47:40.691 --> 00:47:42.259
out and then they become what we

1187
00:47:42.326 --> 00:47:44.161
call a supernova which is as

1188
00:47:44.228 --> 00:47:46.697
bright as a hole galaxy is today

1189
00:47:46.763 --> 00:47:48.298
though there are things we know

1190
00:47:48.365 --> 00:47:49.600
that we can see if they are out

1191
00:47:49.666 --> 00:47:51.034
there but they're hard to find

1192
00:47:51.101 --> 00:47:52.269
and that's the big challenge to

1193
00:47:52.336 --> 00:47:54.037
find them and then study them in

1194
00:47:54.104 --> 00:47:54.838
depth.

1195
00:47:54.905 --> 00:47:56.573
>> absolutely.

1196
00:47:56.640 --> 00:47:57.774
>> I believe that we have

1197
00:47:57.841 --> 00:48:10.187
another question from the media.

1198
00:48:10.254 --> 00:48:13.590
>> what is the exact date that

1199
00:48:13.657 --> 00:48:15.192
this is scheduled to begin and

1200
00:48:15.259 --> 00:48:18.695
how long will it last and also

1201
00:48:18.762 --> 00:48:21.765
could you provide a couple of

1202
00:48:21.832 --> 00:48:26.236
astronomical targets for these

1203
00:48:26.303 --> 00:48:32.442
images?

1204
00:48:32.509 --> 00:48:34.278
>> please repeat these

1205
00:48:34.344 --> 00:48:36.880
questions.

1206
00:48:36.947 --> 00:48:39.616
>> it is what date is currently

1207
00:48:39.683 --> 00:48:42.352
on the calendar to begin and how

1208
00:48:42.419 --> 00:48:45.355
long will it take?

1209
00:48:45.422 --> 00:48:47.824
>> the exact date, I do not have

1210
00:48:47.891 --> 00:48:49.793
that for you but it will start

1211
00:48:49.860 --> 00:48:51.261
in the next few days.

1212
00:48:51.328 --> 00:48:55.832
Right now before Thanksgiving we

1213
00:48:55.899 --> 00:48:57.467
will say.

1214
00:48:57.534 --> 00:48:59.369
That still keeps us on track to

1215
00:48:59.436 --> 00:49:02.139
launch on 18 but as far as

1216
00:49:02.205 --> 00:49:04.641
feeling, we just tap it off like

1217
00:49:04.708 --> 00:49:06.343
you do in a car with the gas

1218
00:49:06.410 --> 00:49:07.444
tank.

1219
00:49:07.511 --> 00:49:08.679
And we know that we will have

1220
00:49:08.745 --> 00:49:10.447
full -- feeling for at least ten

1221
00:49:10.514 --> 00:49:12.115
years and probably much longer

1222
00:49:12.182 --> 00:49:13.583
unless we have some mandatory

1223
00:49:13.650 --> 00:49:14.785
burns that we have to do early

1224
00:49:14.851 --> 00:49:16.386
on actually separate from the

1225
00:49:16.453 --> 00:49:17.955
rocket to keep us on course for

1226
00:49:18.021 --> 00:49:19.923
around two and we will use some

1227
00:49:19.990 --> 00:49:21.758
burns as we need to along the

1228
00:49:21.825 --> 00:49:25.896
way if you will burn -- the more

1229
00:49:25.963 --> 00:49:26.863
fuel burned the better for

1230
00:49:26.930 --> 00:49:27.931
long-term life of the

1231
00:49:27.998 --> 00:49:30.133
observatory right now we do

1232
00:49:30.200 --> 00:49:31.868
expect many years beyond ten

1233
00:49:31.935 --> 00:49:37.441
years of fuel.

1234
00:49:37.507 --> 00:49:39.076
>> that was actually referring

1235
00:49:39.142 --> 00:49:41.311
to how long the process of

1236
00:49:41.378 --> 00:49:43.380
telescope for launch takes.

1237
00:49:43.447 --> 00:49:44.448
I know you said you don't have

1238
00:49:44.514 --> 00:49:47.951
the exact date but would it be a

1239
00:49:48.018 --> 00:49:53.657
week or a couple of days?

1240
00:49:53.724 --> 00:49:55.993
>> fueling takes ten days to two

1241
00:49:56.059 --> 00:50:02.399
weeks from start to finish.

1242
00:50:02.466 --> 00:50:04.234
>> my other question if someone

1243
00:50:04.301 --> 00:50:05.569
could give us a couple targets

1244
00:50:05.635 --> 00:50:11.942
that might be among these first

1245
00:50:12.009 --> 00:50:19.249
image release targets.

1246
00:50:19.316 --> 00:50:21.651
>> the first image, the first

1247
00:50:21.718 --> 00:50:24.321
science images we expect our

1248
00:50:24.388 --> 00:50:25.722
secret.

1249
00:50:25.789 --> 00:50:26.723
We don't release that to the

1250
00:50:26.790 --> 00:50:28.658
public, we wanted to be a big

1251
00:50:28.725 --> 00:50:30.293
surprise, I don't even know what

1252
00:50:30.360 --> 00:50:31.695
they are so it will be a

1253
00:50:31.762 --> 00:50:36.900
surprise for >> and social media

1254
00:50:36.967 --> 00:50:38.802
we have some fans of Canada here

1255
00:50:38.869 --> 00:50:40.303
so we will go back to Sarah in

1256
00:50:40.370 --> 00:50:42.939
Montréal, Sarah can you tell us

1257
00:50:43.006 --> 00:50:44.608
more about different missions

1258
00:50:44.674 --> 00:50:46.243
that the Canadian space agency

1259
00:50:46.309 --> 00:50:49.246
is collaborating with NASA on?

1260
00:50:49.312 --> 00:50:53.350
>> absolutely.

1261
00:50:53.417 --> 00:50:54.618
Canada has been collaborating

1262
00:50:54.684 --> 00:51:02.259
with NASA for the beginning.

1263
00:51:02.325 --> 00:51:05.028
The partnership goes back more

1264
00:51:05.095 --> 00:51:08.732
recently for astronomy we

1265
00:51:08.799 --> 00:51:11.234
provided the center for the

1266
00:51:11.301 --> 00:51:14.004
ultraviolet fuse mission which

1267
00:51:14.071 --> 00:51:15.972
was the precursor to the

1268
00:51:16.039 --> 00:51:18.775
guidance center being provided

1269
00:51:18.842 --> 00:51:20.877
with a web telescope.

1270
00:51:20.944 --> 00:51:23.113
And we partnered with NASA on

1271
00:51:23.180 --> 00:51:25.015
space astronomy but also other

1272
00:51:25.082 --> 00:51:27.951
space domains for example, in

1273
00:51:28.018 --> 00:51:31.755
earth observations, weather, and

1274
00:51:31.822 --> 00:51:34.157
lots of other domains and we

1275
00:51:34.224 --> 00:51:37.060
also know this is a long story

1276
00:51:37.127 --> 00:51:38.562
and history, the community is a

1277
00:51:38.628 --> 00:51:40.564
very tight and combined and we

1278
00:51:40.630 --> 00:51:42.632
have a lot of partnerships and

1279
00:51:42.699 --> 00:51:44.835
projects in common.

1280
00:51:44.901 --> 00:51:49.473
A lot of the science plans for

1281
00:51:49.539 --> 00:51:51.408
James Webb involved

1282
00:51:51.475 --> 00:51:53.110
international partnership that

1283
00:51:53.176 --> 00:51:54.811
Canadians are active with

1284
00:51:54.878 --> 00:51:56.146
everyone around the world.

1285
00:51:56.213 --> 00:51:58.048
These are truly collaborative

1286
00:51:58.115 --> 00:51:59.816
and we need to work together to

1287
00:51:59.883 --> 00:52:03.086
achieve big dreams.

1288
00:52:03.153 --> 00:52:04.187
It's too much for any one

1289
00:52:04.254 --> 00:52:05.889
nation.

1290
00:52:05.956 --> 00:52:06.890
Partnership is part of the

1291
00:52:06.957 --> 00:52:10.260
endeavor.

1292
00:52:10.327 --> 00:52:11.628
>> we spoke about the first

1293
00:52:11.695 --> 00:52:13.163
stars in the first galaxies and

1294
00:52:13.230 --> 00:52:14.331
there are some questions about

1295
00:52:14.397 --> 00:52:15.799
the more close Soler system

1296
00:52:15.866 --> 00:52:17.801
observations.

1297
00:52:17.868 --> 00:52:19.269
We know at the opening Jon you

1298
00:52:19.336 --> 00:52:20.003
mentioned things like like

1299
00:52:20.070 --> 00:52:21.104
Europa and Titan and the

1300
00:52:21.171 --> 00:52:22.539
question is, can you give us

1301
00:52:22.606 --> 00:52:24.574
specific ideas about what they

1302
00:52:24.641 --> 00:52:26.042
want to observe and place like

1303
00:52:26.109 --> 00:52:29.546
Europe and Titan.

1304
00:52:29.613 --> 00:52:30.881
I do not have many details to

1305
00:52:30.947 --> 00:52:32.649
give but I do know that they are

1306
00:52:32.716 --> 00:52:34.584
interesting to me so I am

1307
00:52:34.651 --> 00:52:36.453
pleased our Soler system experts

1308
00:52:36.520 --> 00:52:37.988
have chosen these targets and

1309
00:52:38.054 --> 00:52:39.055
basically everything you have

1310
00:52:39.122 --> 00:52:40.490
ever heard of the Soler system

1311
00:52:40.557 --> 00:52:42.125
we will look at it.

1312
00:52:42.192 --> 00:52:44.861
On Europa we will see, can we

1313
00:52:44.928 --> 00:52:46.930
see the water jets coming out?

1314
00:52:46.997 --> 00:52:49.065
For Titan we want to see what's

1315
00:52:49.132 --> 00:52:50.066
it like where really in the

1316
00:52:50.133 --> 00:52:51.568
helicopter.

1317
00:52:51.635 --> 00:52:54.404
Everything that we of the

1318
00:52:54.471 --> 00:52:55.639
encounters that were planning to

1319
00:52:55.705 --> 00:52:58.141
do would be good to do now.

1320
00:52:58.208 --> 00:52:59.376
We certainly will look for the

1321
00:52:59.442 --> 00:53:00.744
interstellar comments that might

1322
00:53:00.810 --> 00:53:01.678
be coming through from from

1323
00:53:01.745 --> 00:53:03.680
other places, we don't have one

1324
00:53:03.747 --> 00:53:04.915
in mind yet.

1325
00:53:04.981 --> 00:53:06.383
But certainly we do expect them

1326
00:53:06.449 --> 00:53:08.318
to come, we are getting better

1327
00:53:08.385 --> 00:53:09.586
at finding them.

1328
00:53:09.653 --> 00:53:11.988
Everything from the farthest out

1329
00:53:12.055 --> 00:53:16.560
the closest in which is Mars.

1330
00:53:16.626 --> 00:53:17.661
>> we have another question for

1331
00:53:17.727 --> 00:53:20.997
the media.

1332
00:53:21.064 --> 00:53:27.737
>> >> this is a question for

1333
00:53:27.804 --> 00:54:00.003
Sarah and that is, [INAUDIBLE].

1334
00:54:00.070 --> 00:54:01.905
>> listed by the fine guidance

1335
00:54:01.972 --> 00:54:03.173
sensor.

1336
00:54:03.240 --> 00:54:04.874
>> I can provide some details

1337
00:54:04.941 --> 00:54:06.209
for this.

1338
00:54:06.276 --> 00:54:09.412
The hole system need to have a

1339
00:54:09.479 --> 00:54:11.448
camera that looks at the

1340
00:54:11.514 --> 00:54:13.750
Starfield and then the system

1341
00:54:13.817 --> 00:54:15.619
determines very precisely where

1342
00:54:15.685 --> 00:54:16.786
the telescope is actually

1343
00:54:16.853 --> 00:54:18.622
pointing and so that becomes

1344
00:54:18.688 --> 00:54:20.323
part of the feedback loop where

1345
00:54:20.390 --> 00:54:21.758
that information is fed back

1346
00:54:21.825 --> 00:54:23.393
into the overall system and

1347
00:54:23.460 --> 00:54:24.794
points the telescope there is

1348
00:54:24.861 --> 00:54:26.963
also a mirror that can actually

1349
00:54:27.030 --> 00:54:29.065
keep the image steady so you

1350
00:54:29.132 --> 00:54:31.201
don't necessarily have to move

1351
00:54:31.268 --> 00:54:32.802
there are motions of the

1352
00:54:32.869 --> 00:54:34.204
telescope does and then there

1353
00:54:34.271 --> 00:54:36.873
are fine motions in position in

1354
00:54:36.940 --> 00:54:38.074
the very fine motions are

1355
00:54:38.141 --> 00:54:42.012
actually here by the mirror.

1356
00:54:42.078 --> 00:54:43.513
It is just a piece of the hole

1357
00:54:43.580 --> 00:54:45.248
system but it does take

1358
00:54:45.315 --> 00:54:47.584
information from the Starfield

1359
00:54:47.651 --> 00:54:49.519
and incorporated in so that's

1360
00:54:49.586 --> 00:54:52.656
all the keeping the telescope

1361
00:54:52.722 --> 00:55:01.498
telescope pointing precisely.

1362
00:55:01.564 --> 00:55:02.832
>> do you know how far they may

1363
00:55:02.899 --> 00:55:10.273
interact?

1364
00:55:10.340 --> 00:55:12.375
>> I do not know it offhand, we

1365
00:55:12.442 --> 00:55:13.310
can get the information for you

1366
00:55:13.376 --> 00:55:15.145
but I do not know it off and.

1367
00:55:15.211 --> 00:55:16.546
>> the second was about

1368
00:55:16.613 --> 00:55:18.014
gravitational lensing and how

1369
00:55:18.081 --> 00:55:19.649
Hubbell had used something

1370
00:55:19.716 --> 00:55:21.851
similar in the pass, we want to

1371
00:55:21.918 --> 00:55:28.358
do gravitational lensing >>

1372
00:55:28.425 --> 00:55:29.959
Hubbell has discovered and

1373
00:55:30.026 --> 00:55:31.594
others have also discovered that

1374
00:55:31.661 --> 00:55:37.100
gravity will bend light.

1375
00:55:37.167 --> 00:55:38.468
It's like having an extra lens

1376
00:55:38.535 --> 00:55:42.739
on the telescope way at their

1377
00:55:42.806 --> 00:55:43.873
peak we are have -- we have

1378
00:55:43.940 --> 00:55:45.075
surveyed the hole sky and we

1379
00:55:45.141 --> 00:55:46.142
know hundreds already we have

1380
00:55:46.209 --> 00:55:47.844
chosen a list where we think the

1381
00:55:47.911 --> 00:55:49.446
best sides to see something

1382
00:55:49.512 --> 00:55:50.547
further away that is highly

1383
00:55:50.613 --> 00:55:52.382
magnified by the slanted space

1384
00:55:52.449 --> 00:55:53.583
so we see these beautiful

1385
00:55:53.650 --> 00:55:55.785
circles and picture where the

1386
00:55:55.852 --> 00:55:56.920
distant galaxy has been

1387
00:55:56.986 --> 00:56:01.991
magnified but distorted by an.

1388
00:56:02.058 --> 00:56:08.465
It is one of the most important

1389
00:56:08.531 --> 00:56:11.668
things from the field.

1390
00:56:11.735 --> 00:56:13.503
>> one of the early science

1391
00:56:13.570 --> 00:56:15.305
programs, the very first data

1392
00:56:15.372 --> 00:56:17.207
that was taken the first year

1393
00:56:17.273 --> 00:56:20.110
dealt with this exactly through

1394
00:56:20.176 --> 00:56:27.484
these gravitational lenses.

1395
00:56:27.550 --> 00:56:29.819
>> Sarah, is there something you

1396
00:56:29.886 --> 00:56:30.820
wanted to add for the last

1397
00:56:30.887 --> 00:56:33.223
question?

1398
00:56:33.289 --> 00:56:34.924
>> one of the Canadian programs

1399
00:56:34.991 --> 00:56:36.259
that we have will be using the

1400
00:56:36.326 --> 00:56:38.361
nearest instruments and looking

1401
00:56:38.428 --> 00:56:40.864
at gravitational planets taking

1402
00:56:40.930 --> 00:56:42.465
advantage of those cosmic

1403
00:56:42.532 --> 00:56:44.234
magnifying glasses in order to

1404
00:56:44.300 --> 00:56:45.535
look at very very distant

1405
00:56:45.602 --> 00:56:47.804
galaxies behind these massive

1406
00:56:47.871 --> 00:56:49.906
clusters and then study their

1407
00:56:49.973 --> 00:56:53.076
properties to learn much more

1408
00:56:53.143 --> 00:56:54.644
about the shape of them and what

1409
00:56:54.711 --> 00:56:56.112
they are doing and are they nice

1410
00:56:56.179 --> 00:56:58.047
and organized and are they

1411
00:56:58.114 --> 00:56:58.915
structured?

1412
00:56:58.982 --> 00:57:02.185
Those are the kinds of questions

1413
00:57:02.252 --> 00:57:04.754
that we have a program to

1414
00:57:04.821 --> 00:57:09.192
address this issue.

1415
00:57:09.259 --> 00:57:10.593
>> does that conclude the

1416
00:57:10.660 --> 00:57:12.195
question to the media?

1417
00:57:12.262 --> 00:57:15.932
Do we have anything else that if

1418
00:57:15.999 --> 00:57:19.202
a question for Bill hardwood.

1419
00:57:19.269 --> 00:57:21.371
>> you mentioned seeing the very

1420
00:57:21.438 --> 00:57:23.840
first light from clouds from the

1421
00:57:23.907 --> 00:57:26.709
very first stars, do you guys

1422
00:57:26.776 --> 00:57:28.645
expect galaxies to exist at that

1423
00:57:28.711 --> 00:57:31.681
point, I am just wondering where

1424
00:57:31.748 --> 00:57:33.116
we can solve this chicken and

1425
00:57:33.183 --> 00:57:34.784
egg thing in terms of what came

1426
00:57:34.851 --> 00:57:40.824
first.

1427
00:57:40.890 --> 00:57:42.358
>> are you asking about

1428
00:57:42.425 --> 00:57:47.030
galaxies?

1429
00:57:47.096 --> 00:57:49.599
>> obviously comes from stars

1430
00:57:49.666 --> 00:57:52.101
that you -- do you expect

1431
00:57:52.168 --> 00:57:54.070
galaxies to be be assembled or

1432
00:57:54.137 --> 00:57:56.272
is it still farming -- forming

1433
00:57:56.339 --> 00:58:00.376
as as far back?

1434
00:58:00.443 --> 00:58:01.945
>> we do expect galaxies to grow

1435
00:58:02.011 --> 00:58:04.314
over time, they grow as a

1436
00:58:04.380 --> 00:58:06.649
gravity pulls a bit together in

1437
00:58:06.716 --> 00:58:09.018
the has galaxies pulling

1438
00:58:09.085 --> 00:58:12.522
together.

1439
00:58:12.589 --> 00:58:14.424
We see the stars and as was

1440
00:58:14.491 --> 00:58:16.159
mentioned earlier they only last

1441
00:58:16.226 --> 00:58:19.963
for a few million years each.

1442
00:58:20.029 --> 00:58:20.663
Each.

1443
00:58:20.730 --> 00:58:22.131
For us to see a galaxy it is

1444
00:58:22.198 --> 00:58:23.867
many many stories that light up

1445
00:58:23.933 --> 00:58:24.801
the same time that we are

1446
00:58:24.868 --> 00:58:25.702
looking.

1447
00:58:25.768 --> 00:58:27.237
We certainly do expect to see

1448
00:58:27.303 --> 00:58:28.738
the collective effect of many

1449
00:58:28.805 --> 00:58:31.374
many individual stars but, for

1450
00:58:31.441 --> 00:58:35.411
us, one of the big to the stars

1451
00:58:35.478 --> 00:58:36.846
make the black holes are due the

1452
00:58:36.913 --> 00:58:38.448
black holes help make the stars?

1453
00:58:38.515 --> 00:58:40.950
That is a chicken and the egg

1454
00:58:41.017 --> 00:58:42.252
question that we are very much

1455
00:58:42.318 --> 00:58:43.753
worried about.

1456
00:58:43.820 --> 00:58:46.322
>> okay we are going to wrap up

1457
00:58:46.389 --> 00:58:47.790
the questions at the time and

1458
00:58:47.857 --> 00:58:48.858
that's all the time we have for

1459
00:58:48.925 --> 00:58:50.126
this briefing and it has been

1460
00:58:50.193 --> 00:58:51.261
wonderful to be here with this

1461
00:58:51.327 --> 00:58:52.962
incredible panel there is so

1462
00:58:53.029 --> 00:58:54.030
much more to share about this

1463
00:58:54.097 --> 00:58:55.632
exciting mission I hope you join

1464
00:58:55.698 --> 00:58:57.634
as at 2:00 Eastern time today

1465
00:58:57.700 --> 00:58:58.568
because we will have another

1466
00:58:58.635 --> 00:59:00.136
impressive team of engineers and

1467
00:59:00.203 --> 00:59:01.271
mission planners to walk us

1468
00:59:01.337 --> 00:59:02.906
through the future of technology

1469
00:59:02.972 --> 00:59:05.108
that enables this golden eye

1470
00:59:05.174 --> 00:59:09.178
that we have and find what is

1471
00:59:09.245 --> 00:59:10.380
out there.

1472
00:59:10.446 --> 00:59:12.482
Thank you for joining us.

1473
00:59:12.549 --> 00:59:14.500
Please join us for the

1474
00:59:14.500 --> 00:59:17.186
2 pm briefing.