WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:02.560 --> 00:00:04.589 "And we have liftoff!" 2 00:00:04.589 --> 00:00:07.200 After the first servicing  mission to the Hubble Space Telescope... 3 00:00:10.560 --> 00:00:15.920 ...Hubble amazed us with its ability  to see clearly into our universe. 4 00:00:18.560 --> 00:00:21.920 But Hubble can also see things  that our eyes don't naturally see   5 00:00:21.920 --> 00:00:27.591 even if we were up close we would actually  see something that looks more like this.   6 00:00:27.591 --> 00:00:34.240 But how can we see this then when our eyes would  actually see something that mostly resembles that? 7 00:00:34.240 --> 00:00:38.240 And the answer to that question  lies within Servicing Mission 2. 8 00:00:40.560 --> 00:00:43.840 "Liftoff! Discovery now on its way!" 9 00:00:53.280 --> 00:00:55.360 When Hubble was first launched into orbit, much of   10 00:00:55.360 --> 00:00:57.840 the technology that support it today didn't even exist yet. 11 00:01:01.040 --> 00:01:08.080 That's what makes Hubble so unique, over its  lifetime Hubble was able to be serviced five times   12 00:01:08.080 --> 00:01:12.080 allowing us to fix parts that may have  been worn out and add new instruments   13 00:01:12.080 --> 00:01:15.360 that have been specifically crafted  to enhance Hubble's performance. 14 00:01:19.360 --> 00:01:24.480 Now up until servicing mission 2 in 1997  the Hubble Space Telescope could only   15 00:01:24.480 --> 00:01:30.720 capture light within the visible to ultraviolet  spectrum. And even though our eyes can only see   16 00:01:30.720 --> 00:01:35.701 within the visible range, NASA was after  a wider reach into the spectrum of light. 17 00:01:38.080 --> 00:01:41.200 By widening the range of light  that Hubble is able to capture   18 00:01:41.200 --> 00:01:45.638 astronomers could see into distinctly  different windows into the cosmos. 19 00:01:48.320 --> 00:01:53.920 This is because a picture is worth a thousand  words, but the light that formed that picture also   20 00:01:53.920 --> 00:01:59.680 has a story to tell. And here's where spectroscopy  comes into the narrative of that story.   21 00:02:00.800 --> 00:02:03.360 Spectroscopy is a technique that scientists use to   22 00:02:03.360 --> 00:02:08.480 separate light into its component colors  or wavelengths. And by separating light   23 00:02:08.480 --> 00:02:13.622 into its components we are able to unpack  greater detail about the space around us. 24 00:02:15.200 --> 00:02:21.120 So NASA constructed the necessary mechanisms  needed to capture a wider range of light. 25 00:02:21.120 --> 00:02:25.360 They spent years combing over every detail of  these new instruments and trained a team of   26 00:02:25.360 --> 00:02:31.203 astronauts the techniques needed to install them  properly into Hubble. 27 00:02:31.203 --> 00:02:37.325 "The purpose of today is for the crew of the second servicing mission  for Hubble 28 00:02:37.325 --> 00:02:42.078 to get familiar with installing a science instrument into the telescope." 29 00:02:42.078 --> 00:02:45.920 After the proper preparation of the new instruments   30 00:02:45.920 --> 00:02:53.129 all the components of servicing mission 2 were  ready for launch on the February 11, 1997 mission. 31 00:02:55.040 --> 00:03:01.418 "Ignition and liftoff! Discovery now on its  way to service NASA's Hubble Space Telescope!" 32 00:03:02.225 --> 00:03:06.640 "Discovery the vehicle is now in a heads-down position on course for a 28.5 degree   33 00:03:06.640 --> 00:03:09.386 309 nautical mile orbit." 34 00:03:18.724 --> 00:03:21.890 "Good morning Discovery,  it's the day to go grab yourself a telescope!" 35 00:03:24.720 --> 00:03:28.375 "Hey good morning Chris, we're ready to do that!" 36 00:03:28.375 --> 00:03:31.250 During this mission, the team of seven astronauts installed 37 00:03:31.250 --> 00:03:35.188 the Space Telescope  Imaging Spectrograph or STIS to Hubble 38 00:03:35.920 --> 00:03:40.080 allowing us to separate ultraviolet  and visible light into its components   39 00:03:40.080 --> 00:03:44.800 giving scientists critical diagnostic  information about an object's composition,   40 00:03:44.800 --> 00:03:51.280 temperature, motion, and other physical and  chemical properties. Also with STIS, Hubble was   41 00:03:51.280 --> 00:03:57.280 able to capture in a single exposure a spectral  region 30 times wider than previous spectrographs.   42 00:03:58.960 --> 00:04:03.680 Now questions surrounding the study of massive  black holes, stellar flares, the evolution of the   43 00:04:03.680 --> 00:04:10.960 universe, and distribution of matter could now be  studied in fuller view. but NASA did not stop there!   44 00:04:11.840 --> 00:04:17.760 They also installed the near-infrared camera and  multi-object spectrometer, or NICMOS, which allowed   45 00:04:17.760 --> 00:04:25.600 Hubble to see into the universe by infrared light. We can now tackle questions like how do stars form?   46 00:04:25.600 --> 00:04:30.400 How many stars have planetary systems?  Or, how do galaxies form and evolve?   47 00:04:31.840 --> 00:04:37.360 Additionally the astronauts of Servicing Mission 2  refurbished the fine guidance sensor and gyroscopes   48 00:04:37.360 --> 00:04:41.440 all of which help point the telescope, they  repaired failing thermal blankets which   49 00:04:41.440 --> 00:04:46.880 regulate Hubble's temperature, added a better data  recorder and data interface unit which all help   50 00:04:46.880 --> 00:04:53.853 manage Hubble's data intake, and replace the  electronics that drive Hubble's solar arrays. 51 00:04:59.440 --> 00:05:04.400 Now more than ever we were able to see into  the universe in a rainbow of colors that were   52 00:05:04.400 --> 00:05:08.294 only a dream in the early 1990s. 53 00:05:11.509 --> 00:05:14.574 Servicing  Mission 2 went down in the history books by making 54 00:05:14.574 --> 00:05:19.850 the Hubble Space Telescope more  scientifically powerful than ever before. 55 00:05:26.160 --> 00:05:29.920 "You all have done a great job so many  thanks to all the people in all the other ground   56 00:05:29.920 --> 00:05:33.440 locations supporting this mission.  We understand the sacrifices   57 00:05:33.440 --> 00:05:36.000 you made to make sure this  was mission was successful."