WEBVTT FILE 1 00:01:01.800 --> 00:01:04.000 -Woo! 2 00:01:04.000 --> 00:01:06.500 -And the crowd goes wild! Hey! 3 00:01:15.600 --> 00:01:18.700 [ No sound ] 4 00:01:27.867 --> 00:01:38.000 -T-minus 10, 9, 8, 7, 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 5 00:01:38.000 --> 00:01:41.300 and lift off on Space Shuttle Columbia 6 00:01:41.300 --> 00:01:42.933 to broaden our view of the universe 7 00:01:42.933 --> 00:01:47.400 through the Hubble Space Telescope. 8 00:01:47.400 --> 00:01:49.467 -Houston now controlling the flight of Columbia, 9 00:01:49.467 --> 00:01:52.233 the pioneer shuttle headed for the Hubble Space Telescope. 10 00:01:52.233 --> 00:01:54.167 -Roll program. 11 00:01:54.167 --> 00:01:55.800 -Roger, roll, Columbia. 12 00:01:55.800 --> 00:01:58.067 -Columbia into the roll, placing the shuttle 13 00:01:58.067 --> 00:01:59.867 in a heads down, wings level position 14 00:01:59.867 --> 00:02:02.000 for the 8 1/2-minute ride to orbit. 15 00:02:04.400 --> 00:02:07.433 [ No sound ] 16 00:03:14.800 --> 00:03:17.000 [ No sound ] 17 00:04:24.300 --> 00:04:27.300 [ No sound ] 18 00:05:02.333 --> 00:05:04.733 [ No sound ] 19 00:05:41.300 --> 00:05:43.733 [ No sound ] 20 00:06:25.000 --> 00:06:27.100 [ No sound ] 21 00:07:43.967 --> 00:07:46.267 [ No sound ] 22 00:09:55.933 --> 00:09:57.833 [ No sound ] 23 00:10:55.933 --> 00:10:58.733 [ No sound ] 24 00:11:55.933 --> 00:11:58.133 [ No sound ] 25 00:12:55.933 --> 00:12:58.000 [ No sound ] 26 00:13:55.933 --> 00:13:58.033 [ No sound ] 27 00:15:14.433 --> 00:15:17.467 [ No sound ] 28 00:16:48.933 --> 00:16:51.400 [ No sound ] 29 00:17:20.467 --> 00:17:22.467 [ No sound ] 30 00:17:48.433 --> 00:17:50.400 [ No sound ] 31 00:18:00.333 --> 00:18:02.333 [ No sound ] 32 00:18:41.633 --> 00:18:44.000 [ No sound ] 33 00:18:54.033 --> 00:18:56.467 [ No sound ] 34 00:19:05.867 --> 00:19:08.267 [ No sound ] 35 00:19:40.833 --> 00:19:41.933 -Okay, guys. 36 00:19:41.933 --> 00:19:43.300 -All right. 37 00:19:43.300 --> 00:19:46.333 [ Indistinct talking ] 38 00:20:10.967 --> 00:20:12.533 -Wait, wait, wait, wait, wait. 39 00:20:12.533 --> 00:20:13.867 -Push it in. 40 00:20:13.867 --> 00:20:17.000 -Yeah, push down. 41 00:20:17.000 --> 00:20:19.867 [ Indistinct talking ] 42 00:20:21.467 --> 00:20:23.400 -How does that feel compared to the trainer? 43 00:20:23.400 --> 00:20:25.733 [ Machinery whirring ] 44 00:20:33.633 --> 00:20:36.267 -You can see some detail in here. 45 00:20:36.267 --> 00:20:38.433 That means it may not go in all the way. 46 00:20:38.433 --> 00:20:40.767 So if you see that as it goes, it shouldn't -- 47 00:20:40.767 --> 00:20:43.633 [ Indistinct talking ] 48 00:20:51.500 --> 00:20:53.933 [ Beeping ] 49 00:21:07.400 --> 00:21:10.700 [ Indistinct talking ] 50 00:21:25.900 --> 00:21:28.267 -How does that feel compared to the trainer? 51 00:21:28.267 --> 00:21:29.900 -Push it in. -Yeah, push down. 52 00:21:29.900 --> 00:21:32.900 [ Indistinct talking ] 53 00:21:32.900 --> 00:21:34.800 -[ Speaks indistinctly ] 54 00:21:43.067 --> 00:21:46.300 [ Indistinct talking ] 55 00:21:55.367 --> 00:21:59.667 -It's one of those police lights. 56 00:21:59.667 --> 00:22:01.767 -[ Speaks indistinctly ] 57 00:22:01.767 --> 00:22:03.400 -There we go, okay. 58 00:22:53.400 --> 00:22:55.567 -We hadn't heard anything about it. 59 00:22:55.567 --> 00:22:58.500 On Cooper's calendar, 60 00:22:58.500 --> 00:23:02.400 it says that they're supposed to be putting patches in today. 61 00:23:03.833 --> 00:23:06.233 [ Indistinct talking ] 62 00:23:19.400 --> 00:23:21.433 -And what does he say? 63 00:23:26.367 --> 00:23:29.067 [ Speaks indistinctly ] 64 00:24:08.067 --> 00:24:10.267 [ No sound ] 65 00:25:00.600 --> 00:25:03.033 -T-minus 10, go for main engine start. 66 00:25:03.033 --> 00:25:04.933 We are go for main engine start. 67 00:25:04.933 --> 00:25:10.533 T-minus six, five, four, three, two, one, 68 00:25:10.533 --> 00:25:13.500 and lift off of the Space Shuttle Discovery 69 00:25:13.500 --> 00:25:17.667 with the Hubble Space Telescope, our window on the universe. 70 00:25:19.533 --> 00:25:22.700 -Mission Control Houston? 71 00:25:22.700 --> 00:25:25.233 -Roll program. 72 00:25:25.233 --> 00:25:27.867 -Roger, roll, Discovery. 73 00:25:27.867 --> 00:25:30.900 [ No sound ] 74 00:26:21.900 --> 00:26:24.567 [ No sound ] 75 00:27:21.900 --> 00:27:24.667 [ No sound ] 76 00:28:59.367 --> 00:29:01.933 [ No sound ] 77 00:29:59.367 --> 00:30:02.267 [ No sound ] 78 00:30:59.367 --> 00:31:02.067 [ No sound ] 79 00:31:59.367 --> 00:32:01.800 [ No sound ] 80 00:32:59.367 --> 00:33:02.000 [ No sound ] 81 00:33:36.567 --> 00:33:39.267 [ No sound ] 82 00:35:12.600 --> 00:35:15.667 -Hubble is a 20-year mission to explore the universe, 83 00:35:15.667 --> 00:35:18.233 and over that period of time, 84 00:35:18.233 --> 00:35:20.367 its science instruments have been changed 85 00:35:20.367 --> 00:35:23.800 and upgraded to take advantage of new technology 86 00:35:23.800 --> 00:35:31.367 so that we could do new and more exciting science with it. 87 00:35:31.367 --> 00:35:33.467 The science instruments that are going to be installed 88 00:35:33.467 --> 00:35:35.033 on the upcoming servicing mission 89 00:35:35.033 --> 00:35:37.100 will extend its capability, 90 00:35:37.100 --> 00:35:40.133 and on Servicing Mission Four, there will be another large 91 00:35:40.133 --> 00:35:42.900 jump in capability of the observatory. 92 00:35:42.900 --> 00:35:46.133 Hubble can look at objects within our solar system 93 00:35:46.133 --> 00:35:49.100 and our galaxy as well as outside of our galaxy, 94 00:35:49.100 --> 00:35:52.867 and the increased sensitivity of the new instruments 95 00:35:52.867 --> 00:35:56.667 will result in some really profound discoveries, 96 00:35:56.667 --> 00:35:58.933 we believe, over the next 10 years, 97 00:35:58.933 --> 00:36:00.800 during the remainder of its mission. 98 00:36:06.633 --> 00:36:09.733 Servicing Mission 3B for the Hubble Space Telescope 99 00:36:09.733 --> 00:36:11.300 is important for two reasons: 100 00:36:11.300 --> 00:36:13.533 Number one, we're providing a major upgrade 101 00:36:13.533 --> 00:36:15.267 in terms of science capability. 102 00:36:15.267 --> 00:36:17.000 We're adding a new science instrument, 103 00:36:17.000 --> 00:36:21.600 and we're bringing back to life the infrared camera. 104 00:36:21.600 --> 00:36:24.833 And reason number two is we're making important upgrades 105 00:36:24.833 --> 00:36:26.833 in terms of maintenance to the observatory. 106 00:36:26.833 --> 00:36:28.333 We're adding new solar rays, 107 00:36:28.333 --> 00:36:30.300 and we're changing out the power control unit 108 00:36:30.300 --> 00:36:33.767 which is a critical element in the electrical power subsystem. 109 00:36:37.767 --> 00:36:39.767 [ No sound ] 110 00:36:39.767 --> 00:36:43.733 The biggest challenge to the Hubble Space Telescope Program 111 00:36:43.733 --> 00:36:49.033 is servicing the observatory while continuing to pump out 112 00:36:49.033 --> 00:36:54.867 a stream of world-class scientific data and information. 113 00:36:54.867 --> 00:36:55.900 That's a tough thing to do. 114 00:37:22.400 --> 00:37:24.267 [ No sound ] 115 00:37:24.267 --> 00:37:27.400 -Another very important thing for the advance camera 116 00:37:27.400 --> 00:37:31.167 for surveys and the NICMOS camera, 117 00:37:31.167 --> 00:37:33.833 if we're able to revive it with a NICMOS cryocooler, 118 00:37:33.833 --> 00:37:36.467 will be to continue to explore this subject 119 00:37:36.467 --> 00:37:38.667 of why is this universe accelerating? 120 00:37:38.667 --> 00:37:40.200 What is the dark energy? 121 00:37:40.200 --> 00:37:42.633 What's the negative gravity that's causing the universe 122 00:37:42.633 --> 00:37:45.600 to speed up instead of slow down? 123 00:37:45.600 --> 00:37:48.500 Probably the single biggest mystery in physics today 124 00:37:48.500 --> 00:37:52.200 is that question, and I believe we'll make significant progress 125 00:37:52.200 --> 00:37:53.800 with the new instrumentation 126 00:37:53.800 --> 00:37:58.767 to at least start to outline the parameters of the answer, 127 00:37:58.767 --> 00:38:01.367 if not provide the direct answer itself. 128 00:38:01.367 --> 00:38:03.400 [ No sound ] 129 00:38:07.600 --> 00:38:10.100 I'm amazed by what Hubble continues to do 130 00:38:10.100 --> 00:38:14.667 that surprises us, and we have some new stories 131 00:38:14.667 --> 00:38:15.933 coming along that I'm not at liberty 132 00:38:15.933 --> 00:38:19.633 to talk about right now that are big surprises, 133 00:38:19.633 --> 00:38:22.433 not just the outcome of the story 134 00:38:22.433 --> 00:38:24.867 but the fact that Hubble could do it all. 135 00:38:24.867 --> 00:38:30.467 And 40 percent of the highest-impact subjects 136 00:38:30.467 --> 00:38:32.233 that Hubble has -- 137 00:38:32.233 --> 00:38:34.700 Highest-impact results that Hubble has achieved 138 00:38:34.700 --> 00:38:38.800 were totally unexpected before Hubble was launched. 139 00:38:38.800 --> 00:38:41.400 And I expect that, 5 or 7 years from now, 140 00:38:41.400 --> 00:38:42.800 Hubble will be working on subjects 141 00:38:42.800 --> 00:38:44.267 that we can't anticipate today. 142 00:38:44.267 --> 00:38:46.700 We don't even know how to ask the questions today. 143 00:38:46.700 --> 00:38:47.933 That's the way science progresses. 144 00:38:47.933 --> 00:38:49.300 That's the way it works, 145 00:38:49.300 --> 00:38:53.033 and Hubble has been a superb tool in being there 146 00:38:53.033 --> 00:38:55.667 and being ready when new questions come along 147 00:38:55.667 --> 00:38:57.233 to be able to go after the answers 148 00:38:57.233 --> 00:38:59.767 in a really solid, rigorous way. 149 00:38:59.767 --> 00:39:01.100 And I'd just like to see Hubble 150 00:39:01.100 --> 00:39:02.533 continue to do that forever and ever. 151 00:39:02.533 --> 00:39:04.467 Of course, it can't last forever, 152 00:39:04.467 --> 00:39:05.867 but one way or another, 153 00:39:05.867 --> 00:39:09.067 we need that capability in space all the time. 154 00:39:35.233 --> 00:39:36.867 [ No sound ] 155 00:39:36.867 --> 00:39:39.667 -The cryocooler is a very interesting 156 00:39:39.667 --> 00:39:41.967 piece of high technology that, I think, 157 00:39:41.967 --> 00:39:45.567 we want to develop for NASA's portfolio, for future missions. 158 00:39:45.567 --> 00:39:50.267 It's also a piece of equipment that will improve 159 00:39:50.267 --> 00:39:52.733 Hubble's productivity tremendously. 160 00:39:52.733 --> 00:39:55.167 It's an experimental piece of equipment. 161 00:39:55.167 --> 00:39:57.533 We do want to highlight the fact that, you know, 162 00:39:57.533 --> 00:39:59.833 unlike many things in Hubble, where we work very hard 163 00:39:59.833 --> 00:40:01.733 to guarantee that things will be working 164 00:40:01.733 --> 00:40:04.967 because Hubble is such an important international asset, 165 00:40:04.967 --> 00:40:06.567 this particular piece of equipment 166 00:40:06.567 --> 00:40:08.400 is an experimental piece of equipment. 167 00:40:08.400 --> 00:40:11.567 We've done our best to make sure that it will work, 168 00:40:11.567 --> 00:40:13.667 but since it is new, and it's never been done before, 169 00:40:13.667 --> 00:40:15.367 it's very hard to guarantee. 170 00:40:15.367 --> 00:40:19.400 And so we do hope that it will work for a 5-year-ish 171 00:40:19.400 --> 00:40:22.500 sort of time frame, and we have every expectation 172 00:40:22.500 --> 00:40:24.733 that it will do the job that we expect of it. 173 00:40:29.833 --> 00:40:31.200 Measuring the infrared 174 00:40:31.200 --> 00:40:34.233 is a very important goal for Hubble right now, 175 00:40:34.233 --> 00:40:38.567 especially because the scientific is up to the point 176 00:40:38.567 --> 00:40:40.300 where we can begin to understand 177 00:40:40.300 --> 00:40:43.267 what's happening in the earliest phases of the universe. 178 00:40:43.267 --> 00:40:46.433 And we're really looking back at a time when the stars, 179 00:40:46.433 --> 00:40:47.867 galaxies and all the structures 180 00:40:47.867 --> 00:40:50.333 that we know are in the universe were just being born, 181 00:40:50.333 --> 00:40:52.467 and we have a chance to understand that 182 00:40:52.467 --> 00:40:55.267 and fundamentally understand where it is we came from 183 00:40:55.267 --> 00:40:58.100 and how the universe got to be the way it is. 184 00:40:58.100 --> 00:41:00.600 And, so, in this particular area of study, 185 00:41:00.600 --> 00:41:03.600 the infrared instruments are extremely important, 186 00:41:03.600 --> 00:41:05.833 and equipment like the cryocooler 187 00:41:05.833 --> 00:41:08.533 is really what enables these kind of of measurements. 188 00:41:14.267 --> 00:41:17.333 So what we expect to be doing with the cryocooler 189 00:41:17.333 --> 00:41:21.267 is that we'll open the doors at the aft shroud of the Hubble 190 00:41:21.267 --> 00:41:23.267 which is where the NICMOS instrument is. 191 00:41:23.267 --> 00:41:26.767 The astronauts will install the cryocooler into the aft shroud 192 00:41:26.767 --> 00:41:29.833 and connect up two bayonets in the flexible tubes 193 00:41:29.833 --> 00:41:31.033 to two fittings 194 00:41:31.033 --> 00:41:33.167 that are currently on the NICMOS instrument. 195 00:41:33.167 --> 00:41:35.467 And so what this will do is make the gas connections 196 00:41:35.467 --> 00:41:37.067 and the electrical connections to make sure 197 00:41:37.067 --> 00:41:39.000 that the cooler is working. 198 00:41:39.000 --> 00:41:41.033 Then what we'll do is, we'll turn on the cooler, 199 00:41:41.033 --> 00:41:42.633 and there will be three loops 200 00:41:42.633 --> 00:41:45.567 that are involved in cooling the NICMOS. 201 00:41:45.567 --> 00:41:49.200 First is a loop that connects between the cooler 202 00:41:49.200 --> 00:41:51.200 and the NICMOS instrument itself, 203 00:41:51.200 --> 00:41:55.233 so it'll be circulating gas from the NICMOS to the cooler 204 00:41:55.233 --> 00:41:56.667 so that they can remove the heat 205 00:41:56.667 --> 00:41:58.933 that's inside the NICMOS into the cooler. 206 00:41:58.933 --> 00:42:00.800 There's a second loop in the cooler 207 00:42:00.800 --> 00:42:03.867 that then chills the cooler itself 208 00:42:03.867 --> 00:42:06.533 and removes the heat there from the place 209 00:42:06.533 --> 00:42:10.000 where the NICMOS dumps its heat to an external plate. 210 00:42:10.000 --> 00:42:11.433 And then the final cooling loop 211 00:42:11.433 --> 00:42:14.333 between the heat exchanger thermal plate 212 00:42:14.333 --> 00:42:16.033 and then the radiator on the outside, 213 00:42:16.033 --> 00:42:18.800 which is where all the heat gets dumped out into space, 214 00:42:18.800 --> 00:42:20.900 so it's a three-loop system. 215 00:42:20.900 --> 00:42:23.800 It requires an external radiator 216 00:42:23.800 --> 00:42:27.333 because the cryocooler does burn a lot of electricity, 217 00:42:27.333 --> 00:42:29.033 and we need to reject that heat into space 218 00:42:29.033 --> 00:42:30.633 through those radiators.