WEBVTT FILE

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>> THE SUN, THE HEART OF OUR

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SOLAR SYSTEM IS THE YELLOW DWARF

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STAR, ITS GRAVITY HOLDS THE

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SOLAR SYSTEM TOGETHER.

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ELECTRIC CUR FRIEND THE SUN

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GENERATE MAGNETIC FIELD THAT IS

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CARRIED OUT TO THE SOLAR SYSTEM

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BY THE SOLAR RACE, A STREAM OF

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CHARGED GAS FLOWING OUTWARD FROM

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THE SUN IN ALL DIRECTIONS THEM

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CONNECTIONS AND INTERACTIONS

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BETWEEN THE SUN AND THE EARTH

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DRIVE SAFE WEATHER CONDITIONS ON

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THE PLANET WHICH CAN AFFECT

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SATELLITES, CHANGE THE RADIATION

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BELTS.

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NEVER BEFORE HAVE WE BEEN ABLE

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TO STUDY IT SO CLOSELY.

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NASA PARKER SOLAR PROBE IS

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DIVING INTO THE SUN'S ATMOSPHERE

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ON A MISSION TO CATCH THE SUN.

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IN THIS SPACECRAFT, IT IS

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CHANGING THE WAY WE SEE AND

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UNDERSTAND THE NEAREST STAR.

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TODAY, NASA WILL REVEAL THE

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SURPRISING DISCOVERY THAT THE

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SUN SPACECRAFT IS UNCOVERING

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ABOUT OUR SUN.

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>> HELLO.

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WELCOME TO NASA SCIENCE LIVE.

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THIS IS AN TUP FOR TO YOU COME

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BEHIND THE SCENES TO GET TO KNOW

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YOUR SPACE AGENCY.

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I AM YOUR HOST.

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THIS SHOW IS ABOUT YOU BEING

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ABLE TO INTERACT AND TO GET YOUR

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QUESTIONS ANSWERED.

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VISIT US ON FACEBOOK AND TWITTER

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AND ASK US A QUESTION USING

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HASHTAG ASK NASA.

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TODAY, WE ARE TAKING YOU TO

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TOUCH THE SUN.

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PARKER IS TRAVELING CLOSE HER TO

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SURFACE THAN ANY SPACECRAFT

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BIRTH OF AND BRUTAL HEAT AND

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RADIATION CONDITION AND GIVING

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US THE CLOSEST OBSERVATION OF A

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STAR WE HAVE EVER SEEN.

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TODAY WE WILL SHARE A FEW OF THE

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RESULTS FROM THAT AMAZING

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MISSION AND THE WAVE HELPING US

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UNDERSTAND THE STAR IN NEW WAYS.

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BEFORE WE GET TO THE DETAILS, WE

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WILL LEARN A LITTLE BIT MORE THE

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BASICS OF SCIENCE.

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THE WIND SPEED OF A DEVASTATING

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CATEGORY FIVE HURRICANE CAN

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TOPPLE OVER 150MILES PER HOUR

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OR 241-KILO METS PER HOUR.

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NOW 0.0MILES PER HOUR.

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WELCOME TO THE WIND THAT BEGINS

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IN THE SUN AND DOESN'T STOP

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UNTIL AFTER IT REACHES THE EDGE

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OF THE SOLAR WIND.

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THE CORONA IS THE SUN

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INTERACTIVE, THE BRIGHTNESS THAT

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CAN BE SEEN SURROUNDING AND

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CONTINUALLY EXPANDING SOLAR

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WIND.

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RIGHT NOW, THE PARKER SOLAR

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PROBE, A NASA MISSION LAUNCHED

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IN 201, IS ORBITING THE SUN AND

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WILL GET AS CLOSES A

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6.16MILLION-KILOMETERS OF THE

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SUN'S SURFACE.

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PARKER IS GATHERING NEW DATA

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ABOUT SOLAR PARTICLES AND

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MAGNETIC FEELS THAT COME PRIZE

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THE SOLAR WIND.

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MORE PACIFICALLY, TWO OF THE

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MAIN GOALS ARE TO EXAMINE THE

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ENERGY AND DETERMINE THE

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STRUCTURE THE WIND'S MAGNETIC

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FIELD.

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WHILE MANY THEATERS DESCRIBE THE

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SOLAR WIND HISTORY, THAT WAS

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WHAT WE DO KNOW-- THE SOLAR

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WIND THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC

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SPHERE, TYPICALLY SEATED AT

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LOCATION CLOSE TO THE NORTH AND

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SOUTH POLE.

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IN SOME CASES IT CAN SET OFF

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SPACE WEATHER STORMS THAT

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DISRUPT EVERYTHING COMMUNICATION

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ON THE OCEANS, TO POWER GRISED

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ON THE LAND.

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KNOWING MORE EFFECTS OF THE

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SOLAR WIND IS NOT ONLY% TO US

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THAT LIVE ON ER, BUT CRITICAL

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HOW TO MITIGATE THE SUCCESS ONCE

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THEY TRAVEL BACK TO THE MOON AND

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BEYOND FOR EXTENDED PERIODS OF

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TIME.

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MY FEELING IS IF THE SUN

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SNEEZES, EARTH CATCHES A COLD

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BECAUSE WE ALWAYS FEEL HIM K OF

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WHAT HAPPED ON THE SUN THANK

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THOSE SOLAR WIND.

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>> WELL, AS YOU SAW, THE SEASON

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IS ACTIVE.

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ALL OF THIS ACTIVITY INFLUENCES

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THE ENTIRE SOLAR SYSTEM 93-MILE

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WAYS.

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ONLY SO MUCH WE CAN SEE FROM

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THIS VANTAGE POINT, BUT THANKS

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TO NASA PARKER SOLAR PROBE,

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WE'RE LEARNING A LOT MORE ABOUT

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THE SUN UPCLOSE.

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I AM JOINED BY PARKER PROJECT

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SCIENTISTS

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NOUR RAOUAFI, PARKER PROJECT

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.

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WE TALKED A LOT ABOUT THE SUN

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THROUGH THAT VIDEO AND LEARN A

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LOT MORE ABOUT PARKER SCIENCE

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THAN THE GREAT THINGS WE'RE

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LEARN FRIGHT.

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LET'S TALK ABOUT THE BASICS.

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WHAT US THE SUN MADE OF?

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TALK ABOUT THE COMPOSITION IT?

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>> THE SUN IS MADE OF EVERYTHING

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THAT YOU ARE MADE.

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THE SUN IS WHEN THEY HAVE A

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BIG BANG THAT FLEW OUT

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EVERYTHING THAT CONVICTED THE

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SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE FABRIC OF

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LIFE.

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WE ARE MADE OF STARDUST.

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THERE IS HYDROGEN, HELIUM,

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HEAVIER IRONS.

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THE SUN IS IMPORTANT TO US.

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OF COURSE, IT IS A STAR.

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AND SO NOT ONLY ARE WE STUDYING

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THE SUN AND FINDING OUT WHY IT

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IS SO IMPORTANT US TO HERE ON

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ETHER BUT ALSO FOR THE FIRST

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TIME REALLY GOING TO THE

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ATMOSPHERE OF OUR STAR.

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>> THE SUN IS A GLOWING BALL OF

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DUST.

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AT TOMS POSITIVELY CHARGED IONS

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AND THESE ARE MADE A PLASMA AND

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THE PLASMA, SO THE SUN HAS HOT

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PLASMA THAT MAGNETIZES AT THE

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SAME TIME AND THE MAGNETIC FIELD

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PLAYS A KEY ROLE.

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AND GOING BACK TO WHAT SHE SAID.

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75% IS BROADENED AND HYDROGEN

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BASICALLY.

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THE REST IS HELIUM BUT THERE ARE

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HEAVY ELEMENTS LIKE OXYGEN,

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CARBON AND OTHERS.

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>> SO THE ATMOS ATMOSPHERE OF

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THE SUN, YOU THINK OF PLANETARY,

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WHAT IS THE SUN'S ATMOSPHERE?

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>> BEAUTIFUL ATMOSPHERE AROUND

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THE SUN.

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WE CALL IT THE CORONA.

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BACK IN 2019 WE HAD THE

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WONDERFUL ECLIPSE ACROSS AMERICA

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AND THE ONLY TIME WE'RE ABLE TO

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SEE THE CORONA WITHOUT USING

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SPECIAL TELESCOPES THAT WE

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BUILD, SO THAT CORONA, IT IS

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VERY MYSTERIOUS, IT IS REALLY

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MADE OF THE SUN'S ATMOSPHERE.

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IT IS BASICALLY EVERYTHING

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COMING OFF THE SUN AND BEING

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SORT OF HELD IN THAT REGION

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AROUND THE SUN.

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IT IS ONE OF THE MYSTERIES FOR

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US, IT IS ACTUALLY 300 TIMES

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HOTTER THAN THE SURFACE OF THE

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SUN WHICH IS JUST SOMETHING WE

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MED TO GO AND STUDY.

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WE NEED TO GO AND STUDY.

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>> LET ME LOOK.

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IF YOU LOOK AT IT, THEY ARE

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DIFFERENT.

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ACTIVITY IS ALWAYS CHANGING.

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IT CREATES PHENOMENON LIKE WHAT

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TALKED ABOUT LIKE THE BREEZE,

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CONTINUOUSLY LEAVING THE SUN TO

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EARTH AND THE REST OF THE SOLAR

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SYSTEM.

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THE SOLAR WIND IS SPEED RANGING

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FROM 200 TO 500MILES PER

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SECOND.

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THAT IS A MYSTERY.

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>> AND NOW WE TALK ABOUT THE

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SOLAR WIND TODAY WITH PARKER.

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TELL ME ABOUT THE SOLAR WIND,

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WHAT IT IS, HOW IT AFFECTS THE

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EARTH M WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT?

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>> THE SOLAR WIND IS REALLY KEY

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FOR US.

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WE LEAVE IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF

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THE SUN, SO WE SEE THE CORONA, I

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MEAN, IT IS BIG.

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IT DOESN'T LOOK THAT BIG WHEN

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YOU SITE DURING A SOLAR ECLIPSE.

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THAT IS STRAPPING OUT.

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IT IS ON THE WAY TO THE EDGE OF

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OUR SOLAR SYSTEM.

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IN PACK, IT SHAPES OUR PLACE IN

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SPACE.

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SO IT CREATES ALMOST LIKE A WIND

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SOCK AROUND THE WHOLE SOLAR

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TESTIMONY AS IT IS ORBITING

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AROUND THE MILKY WAY, SO IT IS

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REALLY SHAPING IT.

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THE SUN GOES THE VERY EDGE AND

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INTERACTS WITH SPACE AND REALLY

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SHIELDS US FROM ALL OF THIS

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MASTY STUFF IN SPACE.

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SO THAT THE SOLAR WIND IS REALLY

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PROTECTING US.

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NOW, HAS, IN THE SOL EAR WIND,

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ALL THE PARTICLES CONTINUALLY

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STREAMING FORWARD.

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THE EARTH HAS MAGNETIC FIELD,

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TOO.

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SOME THNGS CAN INTERACT AND

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ALLOW JUST HUGE AMS OF NERN GOY

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COME INTO OUR MAGNETIC

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ATMOSPHERE.

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CAUSING BIG CHURNING AND BIG

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ACTIVITY THAT WE CALL SPACE

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WEATHER.

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AND SO IT HAS PROFOUND IMPACT

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FOR ASTRONAUTS AND ALSO ALL OF

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THE TECHNOLOGY THAT WE RELY ON

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EVERY DAY.

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>> THAT IS ACTUALLY WHY WE NEED,

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WHY UNDERSTAND THE CORONA, WE

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NEED TO UNDERSTAND IT.

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AND WE HAVE! STUDYING THE

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CORONA FOR YEARS AND YEARS AND

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YEARS FOR DECADES AND MYSTERIES

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THAT WE ARE STRUGGLING WITH.

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THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT EFFECTS

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OF SPACE WEATHER IS TO PREVENT

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IT.

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TO PREVINT, WE HAVE TO PREVENT

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THIS PHENOMENON LIKE FLAIRS AND

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WE IMMEDIATE THAT BASIC

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UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THE CORONA

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WORKS FIRST IN ORDER TO PREDICT

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THIS PHENOMENON.

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>> YEAH.

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I THINK, YOU GOT OVER IT.

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ANYTHING ANOTHER SAY ABOUT WHY

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IT IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND

264
00:10:11.077 --> 00:10:12.778
THE SUN, YOU IS FASCINATING.

265
00:10:12.778 --> 00:10:14.280
WE KNOW A LOT ABOUT IT ALREADY.

266
00:10:14.280 --> 00:10:16.182
WHY DO WE NEED TO KEEP STUDYING

267
00:10:16.182 --> 00:10:16.682
IT?

268
00:10:16.682 --> 00:10:18.184
SO OBVIOUSLY, WE HAVE LOOKED AT

269
00:10:18.184 --> 00:10:20.086
THE SUN IN EVERY WAVELENGTH

270
00:10:20.086 --> 00:10:23.289
POSSIBLE AND SENT SPACECRAFT IN

271
00:10:23.289 --> 00:10:25.191
AS FAR AS THE PLANET MERCURY.

272
00:10:25.191 --> 00:10:26.792
WE HAVE NEVER BEEN ABLE TO GO TO

273
00:10:26.792 --> 00:10:29.295
THE HEART, THE REG BON.

274
00:10:29.295 --> 00:10:30.796
SO IT IS LIKE YOU KNOW, YOU WAP

275
00:10:30.796 --> 00:10:34.000
TO UNDERSTAND HOW, HOW WATERFALL

276
00:10:34.000 --> 00:10:35.101
IS FORMED.

277
00:10:35.101 --> 00:10:36.202
IF YOU ART THE BOTTOM OF THE

278
00:10:36.202 --> 00:10:37.003
WATERFALL.

279
00:10:37.003 --> 00:10:38.504
HAVE NO IDEA WHAT IS UP THERE

280
00:10:38.504 --> 00:10:39.905
ACTUALLY CAUTION IT.

281
00:10:39.905 --> 00:10:42.408
WITH PARKER SOLAR PROBE WE'RE

282
00:10:42.408 --> 00:10:43.709
GOING ALL THE WAY DOWN THE RIVER

283
00:10:43.709 --> 00:10:46.112
TO THE VERY SOURCE THAT TINY

284
00:10:46.112 --> 00:10:48.214
LITTLE TRICKLE TO BE ABLE TO NOW

285
00:10:48.214 --> 00:10:50.116
FOR THE FIRST TIME GO INTO THAT

286
00:10:50.116 --> 00:10:51.917
SOURCE REG XON WHERE ALL OF THIS

287
00:10:51.917 --> 00:10:54.020
INTERESTING FISKS IS HAPPENING

288
00:10:54.020 --> 00:10:56.822
WHETHER CORONAL HEATING IS

289
00:10:56.822 --> 00:10:58.724
HAPPENING AND THE SOLAR WIND AND

290
00:10:58.724 --> 00:11:00.426
SO IT IS VERY RITE CALL THAT WE

291
00:11:00.426 --> 00:11:02.828
GO INTO THIS REGION BECAUSE THE

292
00:11:02.828 --> 00:11:04.330
FIRST TIME WE CAN REALLY GET THE

293
00:11:04.330 --> 00:11:09.035
DATA WE NEED, AS NOUR ID SAID,

294
00:11:09.035 --> 00:11:10.336
WE WAITED DECADE NORSE

295
00:11:10.336 --> 00:11:11.437
INFORMATION SO THAT IS WHY WE

296
00:11:11.437 --> 00:11:13.539
ARE EXCITED TO BE HERE T.

297
00:11:13.539 --> 00:11:13.973
>> THANKS SOP.

298
00:11:13.973 --> 00:11:15.274
WE WILL TALK A LOT MORE ABOUT

299
00:11:15.274 --> 00:11:16.676
THESE THINGS AS WE GO THROUGH

300
00:11:16.676 --> 00:11:20.179
THIS BUT WE HAVE FUNDAMENTAL

301
00:11:20.179 --> 00:11:23.382
SCIENCE ON THE STAR AND WE WILL

302
00:11:23.382 --> 00:11:24.684
HEAR FROM THE LEADERS FROM THE

303
00:11:24.684 --> 00:11:25.651
MISSION ABOUT WHAT THEY FOUND

304
00:11:25.651 --> 00:11:27.753
OUT IN THE FIRST FOUR PAPER AS

305
00:11:27.753 --> 00:11:29.355
THERE ARE COMING OUT TONIGHT IN

306
00:11:29.355 --> 00:11:30.156
NATURE.

307
00:11:30.156 --> 00:11:31.657
LET'S HEAR FROM THEM RATING NOW.

308
00:11:31.657 --> 00:11:32.758
>> 50 YEARS AFTER THE BEGINNING

309
00:11:32.758 --> 00:11:34.660
OF SPACE EXPLORATION, WE DONE

310
00:11:34.660 --> 00:11:36.162
UNDERSTAND WHAT IS HEATING THE

311
00:11:36.162 --> 00:11:39.465
SOLAR CORE ROAN, UP TO HIGH

312
00:11:39.465 --> 00:11:40.066
SPEEDS?

313
00:11:40.066 --> 00:11:41.967
SO THIS THERE IS IS A LONG MUST

314
00:11:41.967 --> 00:11:43.869
RY, HOW DO YOU CREATE A HOT

315
00:11:43.869 --> 00:11:45.871
CORONA FROM A COLD FOR THAT LIKE

316
00:11:45.871 --> 00:11:47.773
GOING TO THE SUN, WE ARE

317
00:11:47.773 --> 00:11:49.275
LEARNING ABOUT THE SOURCE OF EN

318
00:11:49.275 --> 00:11:51.077
GETTERRIC PARTICLES WHERE THEY

319
00:11:51.077 --> 00:11:52.778
BEGIN DOWN IN THE ARE

320
00:11:52.778 --> 00:11:53.579
ATMOSPHERE.

321
00:11:53.579 --> 00:11:55.281
>> THE SOLAR CORONA IS THE UPPER

322
00:11:55.281 --> 00:11:57.083
ATMOSPHERE OF THE SUN THAT IS

323
00:11:57.083 --> 00:11:58.884
MILLIONS OF DEGREES, VERY HOT.

324
00:11:58.884 --> 00:12:00.786
WHERE AS THE WHITE LIGHT SUN YOU

325
00:12:00.786 --> 00:12:02.488
SEE IN THE SKY IS COOL.

326
00:12:02.488 --> 00:12:04.390
SO THE IDEA OF SOLAR PROBE TO

327
00:12:04.390 --> 00:12:06.592
ACTUALLY GO THERE IN THIS THE

328
00:12:06.592 --> 00:12:08.494
CORONA AND MAKE THE

329
00:12:08.494 --> 00:12:09.795
MEASUREMENTS.

330
00:12:09.795 --> 00:12:11.697
PARKER SOLAR PROBE IS GET SOG

331
00:12:11.697 --> 00:12:13.399
CLOSE TO THE SUN BUT IT WILL

332
00:12:13.399 --> 00:12:14.633
ANSWER QUESTIONS WE CANNOT

333
00:12:14.633 --> 00:12:15.735
FORMULATE NOW.

334
00:12:15.735 --> 00:12:17.236
>> MY HOPE WITH SOLAR PROBE

335
00:12:17.236 --> 00:12:18.738
WE'LL GET CLOSE ENOUGH TO THE

336
00:12:18.738 --> 00:12:20.940
SUN AND DIRECTLY MEASURE THE

337
00:12:20.940 --> 00:12:22.942
SOLAR WIND AND THE CORONA.

338
00:12:22.942 --> 00:12:24.643
IF YOU ARE TRYING TO UNDERSAN

339
00:12:24.643 --> 00:12:26.212
THE SOURCE OF AT WEAR FALL, YOU

340
00:12:26.212 --> 00:12:27.713
ARE AT THE BOTTFUL TO IT, YOU

341
00:12:27.713 --> 00:12:29.215
SEE THE MIXED UP TURBULENT MESS,

342
00:12:29.215 --> 00:12:31.417
IT IS REALLY HARD TO UNDERSTAND

343
00:12:31.417 --> 00:12:33.619
WHAT IS HAPPENING AT THE TOP OF

344
00:12:33.619 --> 00:12:34.420
THE WATERFALL.

345
00:12:34.420 --> 00:12:35.721
THAT WAS WHAT WE ARE DOING NOW.

346
00:12:35.721 --> 00:12:37.223
WE'RE CLOSER TO THE TOP.

347
00:12:37.223 --> 00:12:40.926
WE'RE ON THE CUSP ON THE ABILITY

348
00:12:40.926 --> 00:12:42.428
TO ANSWER WHAT HEATS THE SOLAR

349
00:12:42.428 --> 00:12:42.828
WIND.

350
00:12:42.828 --> 00:12:44.330
>> THE HIGH TEMPERATURANCE THE

351
00:12:44.330 --> 00:12:45.831
ACCELERATION OF THE WIND AND

352
00:12:45.831 --> 00:12:47.333
SUPERSONIC SPEED.

353
00:12:47.333 --> 00:12:48.434
>> WINTER HAS ALREADY SEEN SOME

354
00:12:48.434 --> 00:12:49.935
THING AS THERE GETTING A HINT

355
00:12:49.935 --> 00:12:52.037
INTO SOME OF THE LONG LANDING

356
00:12:52.037 --> 00:12:53.539
PRESCRIPTIONS OF WHAT WE MAY

357
00:12:53.539 --> 00:12:54.039
SEE.

358
00:12:54.039 --> 00:12:55.241
>> IN OPPORTUNITIES WORKING

359
00:12:55.241 --> 00:12:56.742
REALLY WELL AND THE RESULTS ARE

360
00:12:56.742 --> 00:12:57.643
SURPRISING.

361
00:12:57.643 --> 00:12:59.545
>> I AM REALLY EXCITED WE ARE

362
00:12:59.545 --> 00:13:00.246
LEARNING ABOUT THE SPACE

363
00:13:00.246 --> 00:13:01.747
RADIATION ENVIRONMENT.

364
00:13:01.747 --> 00:13:03.249
WE NOW MEASURE THE MAGNETIC

365
00:13:03.249 --> 00:13:05.451
PEEL, THE STRUCTURE OF THE

366
00:13:05.451 --> 00:13:06.552
MAGNETIC PEALED.

367
00:13:06.552 --> 00:13:08.254
A WE'RE SEEING LOTS AND LOTS OF

368
00:13:08.254 --> 00:13:09.955
THESE MALL SCALE ERUPTION

369
00:13:09.955 --> 00:13:11.857
INTERESTS THE SUN.

370
00:13:11.857 --> 00:13:13.559
>> IT IS VERY YUN IMPORTANT TO

371
00:13:13.559 --> 00:13:15.094
YUN STARN HOW THEY CAN TRAVEL OR

372
00:13:15.094 --> 00:13:16.796
NOT TRAVEL TO THE OUT TO THE

373
00:13:16.796 --> 00:13:17.997
SOLAR SYSTEM.

374
00:13:17.997 --> 00:13:19.598
>> IT WILL PLAY SEROUS FLY

375
00:13:19.598 --> 00:13:21.100
DOWNER STANDING OVER THE

376
00:13:21.100 --> 00:13:23.202
DYNAMICS OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC

377
00:13:23.202 --> 00:13:25.171
FELL AND CURRENTS DRIVE BIN

378
00:13:25.171 --> 00:13:26.972
THINK SUN ITSELF.

379
00:13:26.972 --> 00:13:28.674
IT IS ALSO VERY IMPORTANT FOR

380
00:13:28.674 --> 00:13:29.975
PROTECTING SLIGHTS IN SPACE.

381
00:13:29.975 --> 00:13:31.777
TO SEE THIS DATA.

382
00:13:31.777 --> 00:13:33.279
IT ISZY, SURE, AND THE DATA IS

383
00:13:33.279 --> 00:13:35.581
SO SPECTACULAR, IT IS TERRIFIC

384
00:13:35.581 --> 00:13:39.485
STUFF.

385
00:13:39.485 --> 00:13:43.289
>> WELL, GROAT FLARE THE PI'S.

386
00:13:43.289 --> 00:13:45.891
IT IS UNDERSTANDING, NOW WE'LL

387
00:13:45.891 --> 00:13:48.093
GET TO THE DISCOVERIES.

388
00:13:48.093 --> 00:13:50.196
NICKY, CAN YOU EXPLAIN THE FIRST

389
00:13:50.196 --> 00:13:51.897
RESULTS THAT WE TALK ABOUT TODAY

390
00:13:51.897 --> 00:13:54.099
AND THE SOLAR WIND M I CAN DO IT

391
00:13:54.099 --> 00:13:58.103
WITH ONE WORD-- SWITCHBACK.

392
00:13:58.103 --> 00:13:59.004
SWITCHBACKS.

393
00:13:59.004 --> 00:13:59.905
>> TELL ME ABOUT IT.

394
00:13:59.905 --> 00:14:02.908
>> I KNOW YOU ARE LOOK CONFUSED.

395
00:14:02.908 --> 00:14:05.711
OUR STAR HAS A VERY BIG MAGNETIC

396
00:14:05.711 --> 00:14:06.712
FIELD IN IT.

397
00:14:06.712 --> 00:14:08.013
AND YOU KNOW, WE THOUGHT WE

398
00:14:08.013 --> 00:14:10.416
WOULD SEE A MAGNETIC FELLED AND

399
00:14:10.416 --> 00:14:11.717
WE DIDN'T THINK IT WOULD BE

400
00:14:11.717 --> 00:14:13.619
OBVIOUSLY JUST FLOWING OUT

401
00:14:13.619 --> 00:14:14.854
TOWARD US.

402
00:14:14.854 --> 00:14:16.555
NOTHING TOO SURPRISING.

403
00:14:16.555 --> 00:14:18.958
YET WHEN WE GOT IN CLOSE TO THE

404
00:14:18.958 --> 00:14:21.260
SUN, WE FOUND THESE STRANGE

405
00:14:21.260 --> 00:14:23.262
LITTLE FEATURES WHERE IT WAS

406
00:14:23.262 --> 00:14:25.331
LITERALLY REVERSION ON ITSELF

407
00:14:25.331 --> 00:14:27.833
THEN COMING BACK OUT AGAIN.

408
00:14:27.833 --> 00:14:30.336
>> WOW.

409
00:14:30.336 --> 00:14:33.138
>> LIKE 180DEGREES.

410
00:14:33.138 --> 00:14:34.340
CAN YOU DEMONSTRATE THAT.

411
00:14:34.340 --> 00:14:35.641
>> YOU LOOK CONFUSED.

412
00:14:35.641 --> 00:14:35.941
ALL RIGHT.

413
00:14:35.941 --> 00:14:36.942
LET ME TELL YOU.

414
00:14:36.942 --> 00:14:39.545
NOW, I AM PLEASED TO SAY MY

415
00:14:39.545 --> 00:14:40.846
FRIENDS HERE ARE NOT GOOD.

416
00:14:40.846 --> 00:14:42.748
SO THEY PROVIDED THE SUN FOR ME.

417
00:14:42.748 --> 00:14:45.551
NOW, YOU WILL REMEMBER FROM WHEN

418
00:14:45.551 --> 00:14:46.452
YOU WERE AT SCHOOL.

419
00:14:46.452 --> 00:14:49.255
YOU SPRINKLED ION AROUND THE

420
00:14:49.255 --> 00:14:51.757
BOTTOM AND YOU SAW A NICE PATENT

421
00:14:51.757 --> 00:14:53.959
WELL SIMILAR WE SEE THIS ON THE

422
00:14:53.959 --> 00:14:55.261
SUN WITH YOU EVERYTHING IS

423
00:14:55.261 --> 00:14:56.562
COMPLICATED SO IT IS A LITTLE

424
00:14:56.562 --> 00:14:58.864
BIT MORE DETAILED BUT WE ARE

425
00:14:58.864 --> 00:15:01.066
MINIMUM RIGHT NOW SO IT US THE

426
00:15:01.066 --> 00:15:03.669
LEAST ACTIVE TIME OF THE SOLAR

427
00:15:03.669 --> 00:15:05.771
CYCLE THE LEAST NUMBER OF SUN

428
00:15:05.771 --> 00:15:07.873
SPOTS ON THE DESK NOW SO THAT

429
00:15:07.873 --> 00:15:09.575
MEANS THE MAGNETIC FEEL IS A

430
00:15:09.575 --> 00:15:11.176
LITTLE BIT MORE CROWN FORM SO WE

431
00:15:11.176 --> 00:15:12.678
CAN THINK OF IT COMING OUT ARE

432
00:15:12.678 --> 00:15:14.713
INSIDE AND SORT OF LAYING DOWN

433
00:15:14.713 --> 00:15:18.417
AS IT GETS PULLED OUT AS NOUR

434
00:15:18.417 --> 00:15:20.719
SAID TO SWEEP ACROSS AL THE

435
00:15:20.719 --> 00:15:23.122
PLANET, AND THEN THE

436
00:15:23.122 --> 00:15:24.924
CORRESPONDING FIELD COMING IN ON

437
00:15:24.924 --> 00:15:26.692
THE OTHER SIDE AND SO YOU GOT

438
00:15:26.692 --> 00:15:28.193
THIS SORT OF REGION HERE WHERE

439
00:15:28.193 --> 00:15:29.895
YOU EXPECT TO SEE FIELDS

440
00:15:29.895 --> 00:15:31.397
POINTING IN DIFFERENT

441
00:15:31.397 --> 00:15:32.097
DIRECTIONS.

442
00:15:32.097 --> 00:15:32.698
OK.

443
00:15:32.698 --> 00:15:34.900
SO WE GOT OUR FIRST MAGNETIC

444
00:15:34.900 --> 00:15:36.802
FIELD DATA, WE EXPECTED WHEN WE

445
00:15:36.802 --> 00:15:39.605
WERE LOOKING THAT RADIAL FLOW UP

446
00:15:39.605 --> 00:15:42.207
FROM THE SPACECRAFT THAT WE

447
00:15:42.207 --> 00:15:43.909
WOULD SEE JUST THAT MAGNETIC

448
00:15:43.909 --> 00:15:45.411
FIELD COMING TOWARD US.

449
00:15:45.411 --> 00:15:47.112
SO YOU CAN PANEL GIN OUR SUR

450
00:15:47.112 --> 00:15:48.614
RICE WHEN THE FIRST THING WE SAW

451
00:15:48.614 --> 00:15:51.016
WAS SOMETHING THAT LOOKED LIKE

452
00:15:51.016 --> 00:15:54.620
THIS.

453
00:15:54.620 --> 00:15:56.121
AND WE EXPECTED THAT TO BE A

454
00:15:56.121 --> 00:15:58.223
NICE STRAIGHT LANE SO THE FIRST

455
00:15:58.223 --> 00:16:00.225
THING WE THOUGHT, OH, NO,

456
00:16:00.225 --> 00:16:01.927
INSTRUMENT IS NOT WORKING, BUT

457
00:16:01.927 --> 00:16:03.629
DON'T WORRY, INSTRUMENT WAS

458
00:16:03.629 --> 00:16:04.530
WORKING JUST FINE.

459
00:16:04.530 --> 00:16:05.831
SO THE NEXT THING WE THOUGHT,

460
00:16:05.831 --> 00:16:07.733
WELL, MAYBE THE SPACECRAFT IS

461
00:16:07.733 --> 00:16:10.736
KIND OF IN THIS REGION BETWEEN

462
00:16:10.736 --> 00:16:13.038
WHERE WE WOULD EXPECT TO SEE THE

463
00:16:13.038 --> 00:16:15.174
MAGNETIC FIELD REVERSING AND AS

464
00:16:15.174 --> 00:16:17.276
YOU CAN MAY IN GUN WITH THE SUN.

465
00:16:17.276 --> 00:16:18.777
THE SUN IS ROTATING NOTHING IS

466
00:16:18.777 --> 00:16:19.278
SIMPLE.

467
00:16:19.278 --> 00:16:20.779
SO INSTEAD OF THIS BEING LIKE A

468
00:16:20.779 --> 00:16:22.881
NICE SMOOTH PLAIN, IT IS

469
00:16:22.881 --> 00:16:23.983
ACTUALLY SORT OF GOES UP AND

470
00:16:23.983 --> 00:16:25.951
DOWN VERY MUCH LIKE A

471
00:16:25.951 --> 00:16:29.655
BALLERINA'S SKIRT.

472
00:16:29.655 --> 00:16:29.855
OK.

473
00:16:29.855 --> 00:16:31.557
SO MAYBE THE SPACECRAFT IS

474
00:16:31.557 --> 00:16:32.658
SITTING HER AND THE WHOLE THING

475
00:16:32.658 --> 00:16:34.560
IS MOVING UP AND DOWN OVER THE

476
00:16:34.560 --> 00:16:35.260
TOP OF IT.

477
00:16:35.260 --> 00:16:38.664
THEN, WE ADD ANOTHER DATA SET TO

478
00:16:38.664 --> 00:16:40.165
OUR STUDY AND REALIZED THAT

479
00:16:40.165 --> 00:16:42.067
MATERIAL WE WERE LOOKING AT WAS

480
00:16:42.067 --> 00:16:43.869
BASICALLY STAYING ON THE SAME

481
00:16:43.869 --> 00:16:44.470
FIELD LINE.

482
00:16:44.470 --> 00:16:47.272
WE WERE NOT TRANSITION BETWEEN

483
00:16:47.272 --> 00:16:48.774
ONE REGION AND THE OTHER.

484
00:16:48.774 --> 00:16:50.075
WHAT WE WERE ACTUALLY SEEING IS

485
00:16:50.075 --> 00:16:52.578
LIKE S-SHAPED CURVE OR A

486
00:16:52.578 --> 00:16:54.580
SWITCHBACK IN THE SOLAR WIND.

487
00:16:54.580 --> 00:16:58.484
SO WE'RE SAYING IS S SHAPED SO

488
00:16:58.484 --> 00:17:00.986
NOW YOU WOULD SEE THAT THE FIELD

489
00:17:00.986 --> 00:17:04.289
IS KIND OF DOING THIS AND THEN

490
00:17:04.289 --> 00:17:06.992
CONTINUING OUT ON THE WAY.

491
00:17:06.992 --> 00:17:08.794
MAKING THIS SORT OF S SHAPE.

492
00:17:08.794 --> 00:17:12.798
SO IT IS A BIT LIKE A WHIP

493
00:17:12.798 --> 00:17:13.298
CRACK.

494
00:17:13.298 --> 00:17:14.733
WHEN YOU CRACK WHIP AND HEAR

495
00:17:14.733 --> 00:17:15.934
THAT SOUND.

496
00:17:15.934 --> 00:17:17.236
IT IS IN NER GY BEING RELEASED

497
00:17:17.236 --> 00:17:19.438
AS THE WHIP IS CRACK AND THINK

498
00:17:19.438 --> 00:17:21.840
OF IT AS STRETCHING A RUBBER

499
00:17:21.840 --> 00:17:23.742
BAND WHEN YOU STRETCH IT AND IT

500
00:17:23.742 --> 00:17:25.711
BREAK AND YOU FEEL PAIN IN THE

501
00:17:25.711 --> 00:17:26.211
FINGERS.

502
00:17:26.211 --> 00:17:27.713
YOU WHAT ARE FEELINGS THE HEAT

503
00:17:27.713 --> 00:17:29.214
OR EN GIR BEING RELEASED FROM

504
00:17:29.214 --> 00:17:31.517
THAT RUBBER BAND AS IT BREAKS SO

505
00:17:31.517 --> 00:17:33.719
WE THINK HERE, THERE IS ENERGY

506
00:17:33.719 --> 00:17:35.421
STORED IN THIS MAGNETIC FIELD

507
00:17:35.421 --> 00:17:37.322
AND AS IT IS STRAIGHTPING OUT,

508
00:17:37.322 --> 00:17:39.224
IT IS RELEASING THE ENERGY.

509
00:17:39.224 --> 00:17:41.126
AND NO, YOU HAD A NICE

510
00:17:41.126 --> 00:17:42.428
DESCRIPTION WE WERE TALKING

511
00:17:42.428 --> 00:17:44.029
ABOUT EARLIER, ABOUT LIKE A

512
00:17:44.029 --> 00:17:46.131
RUBBER HOST AND HOW YOU WANT TO

513
00:17:46.131 --> 00:17:49.535
MAYBE TALK ABOUT THAT.

514
00:17:49.535 --> 00:17:52.838
>> SO LIKE WHEN YOU TWIST I, IT

515
00:17:52.838 --> 00:17:54.039
IS ONE TWIST.

516
00:17:54.039 --> 00:17:56.442
SO HAVING STRUCTURE ALL OVER THE

517
00:17:56.442 --> 00:17:58.644
PLACE IN THE SOLAR CORONA CLOSE

518
00:17:58.644 --> 00:18:00.946
TO THE SUN, IT IS NOT EASY TO

519
00:18:00.946 --> 00:18:02.047
HAVE.

520
00:18:02.047 --> 00:18:05.651
YOU NEED A LOT TO CREATE THAT.

521
00:18:05.651 --> 00:18:07.653
AND OBVIOUSLY, AS NUKE CAN I

522
00:18:07.653 --> 00:18:11.757
SAID, THEY STORED ALLOW.

523
00:18:11.757 --> 00:18:13.258
THE FACT IF YOU GO BACK TO

524
00:18:13.258 --> 00:18:15.494
HISTORY AND DATA FROM SPACE WE

525
00:18:15.494 --> 00:18:18.397
ARE USED TO IT.

526
00:18:18.397 --> 00:18:22.501
THIS ONE IS BACK TO THE SUN AND

527
00:18:22.501 --> 00:18:27.272
OUT AGAIN.

528
00:18:27.272 --> 00:18:29.575
THIS IS MIND BLOWN.

529
00:18:29.575 --> 00:18:32.177
AND THIS, IF YOU WILL, IT IS ONE

530
00:18:32.177 --> 00:18:34.379
OF THE MISSING PULSES WE HAVE

531
00:18:34.379 --> 00:18:35.681
BEEN LOOKING FOR FOR FOR SO

532
00:18:35.681 --> 00:18:36.281
LONG.

533
00:18:36.281 --> 00:18:37.382
WE'RE ACTUALLY LOOKING FOR

534
00:18:37.382 --> 00:18:39.885
INDUSTRY SOURCES THAT HEAT

535
00:18:39.885 --> 00:18:40.986
PLASMA.

536
00:18:40.986 --> 00:18:43.589
REMEMBER THE PRIMARY DIRECTOR IS

537
00:18:43.589 --> 00:18:46.992
TO EXPLAIN THE CORONAL HEATING

538
00:18:46.992 --> 00:18:52.698
THANK COULD BE ONE SIGNIFICANT

539
00:18:52.698 --> 00:18:54.199
HEAT INVESTIGATION.

540
00:18:54.199 --> 00:18:54.800
>> CERTAINLY.

541
00:18:54.800 --> 00:18:56.301
CERTAINLY T. THE SMOKING GUN.

542
00:18:56.301 --> 00:18:57.402
I THINK IT IS ALSO WORTH

543
00:18:57.402 --> 00:18:59.805
POINTING OUT THAT, YOU KNOW, WE

544
00:18:59.805 --> 00:19:01.507
STUDIED THE SOLAR WIND ALL THE

545
00:19:01.507 --> 00:19:02.808
WAY UP TO THE TIME OF MERCURY

546
00:19:02.808 --> 00:19:04.710
AND MERV SEEN THESE FEATURES.

547
00:19:04.710 --> 00:19:07.913
THESE HAVE ONLY BECOME VISIBLE.

548
00:19:07.913 --> 00:19:09.715
NOW WE GOT INSIDE THE ORBIT AT

549
00:19:09.715 --> 00:19:12.718
THE TIME OF MARK RY AND EXPECTS

550
00:19:12.718 --> 00:19:14.753
AS THE MISSION CONTINUES AND IT

551
00:19:14.753 --> 00:19:16.455
GETS CLOSER AND CLOSER TO THE

552
00:19:16.455 --> 00:19:18.457
SUN'S SR. FIS NOT ONLY WILL WE

553
00:19:18.457 --> 00:19:21.660
SEE MORE OF THESE BUT SEE BIGGER

554
00:19:21.660 --> 00:19:22.261
SIGNAL.

555
00:19:22.261 --> 00:19:26.231
WE THINK THIS IS A BIG SMOKING

556
00:19:26.231 --> 00:19:27.533
GUN TODAY FOR WHAT IS CAUSING

557
00:19:27.533 --> 00:19:29.835
THE HEATING OF THE SOLAR WIND.

558
00:19:29.835 --> 00:19:33.539
>> AMAZING.

559
00:19:33.539 --> 00:19:35.641
>> FROM '58 WE HAVE BEEN

560
00:19:35.641 --> 00:19:37.643
THINKING WE NEED TO SEND A PROBE

561
00:19:37.643 --> 00:19:37.943
THERE.

562
00:19:37.943 --> 00:19:41.847
ACTUALLY WAS.

563
00:19:41.847 --> 00:19:43.749
IT IS JUST ON POINT.

564
00:19:43.749 --> 00:19:45.050
GOING TO THE SOURCE.

565
00:19:45.050 --> 00:19:45.851
WE SHOW UP.

566
00:19:45.851 --> 00:19:49.955
THE MISSING PIECES OF THE CORE

567
00:19:49.955 --> 00:19:51.456
LIEN FOR DECADES NOW.

568
00:19:51.456 --> 00:19:52.958
>> THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE

569
00:19:52.958 --> 00:19:55.160
SWITCHBACKS THE NEW DETAILS IS

570
00:19:55.160 --> 00:19:57.262
IT FOR PREDICTS, FOR SAFETY IN

571
00:19:57.262 --> 00:19:59.464
THE EARTH'S SPACE WEATHER AREA

572
00:19:59.464 --> 00:20:00.265
AND THE EARTH.

573
00:20:00.265 --> 00:20:02.167
WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATION OF IT?

574
00:20:02.167 --> 00:20:03.468
>> WELL, IT IS UNDERSTANDING

575
00:20:03.468 --> 00:20:04.970
WHAT IS CAUSING THIS ASELL RIGS

576
00:20:04.970 --> 00:20:06.471
AND SO, YOU FOE, IF YOU THINK

577
00:20:06.471 --> 00:20:06.772
ABOUT IT.

578
00:20:06.772 --> 00:20:08.473
BY THE TIME GET TO THE ETHER.

579
00:20:08.473 --> 00:20:10.475
WE GOT THIS SORT OF SMOOTH FLOW

580
00:20:10.475 --> 00:20:11.677
P. WHAT IS CAUSING THIS

581
00:20:11.677 --> 00:20:12.377
ACCELERATION.

582
00:20:12.377 --> 00:20:14.079
SO WE'RE SEEING LITTLE

583
00:20:14.079 --> 00:20:14.980
SIGNATURESES OF THIS

584
00:20:14.980 --> 00:20:15.781
ACCELERATION.

585
00:20:15.781 --> 00:20:17.482
WHEN YOU ADD ALL OF THESE

586
00:20:17.482 --> 00:20:18.383
SIGNATURES TODAY.

587
00:20:18.383 --> 00:20:19.885
YOU GET A BIG WAVE.

588
00:20:19.885 --> 00:20:21.186
ANOTHER FIRST TIME, WE'RE

589
00:20:21.186 --> 00:20:22.087
STARTING TO BE ABLE TO SEE

590
00:20:22.087 --> 00:20:23.789
FEATURES IN THE SOL ARE WINDS

591
00:20:23.789 --> 00:20:25.490
THAT ARE TELLING US THE SOLAR

592
00:20:25.490 --> 00:20:27.192
WIND IS BEING ACCELERATED.

593
00:20:27.192 --> 00:20:29.094
OBS I, WHAT WE WANT TO DO IS GET

594
00:20:29.094 --> 00:20:31.496
CLOSER AND CLOSER TO THE SUN, IT

595
00:20:31.496 --> 00:20:32.998
STARS TO LINK THESE FEATURES TO

596
00:20:32.998 --> 00:20:35.100
THE SOURCES ON THE SOLAR SUR

597
00:20:35.100 --> 00:20:35.601
PACE.

598
00:20:35.601 --> 00:20:37.102
AND ONCE WE CAN START TO DO

599
00:20:37.102 --> 00:20:39.905
THAT, THEN, THEN THE MAKE

600
00:20:39.905 --> 00:20:41.807
TRANSFORMATIONAL IMPROVE 789S ON

601
00:20:41.807 --> 00:20:43.709
OUR ACHE TO PREDICT THE SPACE

602
00:20:43.709 --> 00:20:45.010
WEATHER THAT IS COMING TOWARD

603
00:20:45.010 --> 00:20:45.510
US.

604
00:20:45.510 --> 00:20:47.212
SO LOTS OF GREAT STUFF HERE.

605
00:20:47.212 --> 00:20:48.714
>> PRETTY AMAZING.

606
00:20:48.714 --> 00:20:49.815
>> WELL, WE ARE READY TO TAKE

607
00:20:49.815 --> 00:20:51.717
QUESTIONS FROM OUR VIEWERS.

608
00:20:51.717 --> 00:20:54.119
REMINDER TO EVERYBODY WATCHING.

609
00:20:54.119 --> 00:20:57.522
HASHTAG IS ASK NASA.

610
00:20:57.522 --> 00:20:58.824
PUT THAT IN THE BOX WHERE YOU

611
00:20:58.824 --> 00:21:00.025
ARE WATCHING OR USE IT ON

612
00:21:00.025 --> 00:21:00.926
TWITTER AND FACEBOOK.

613
00:21:00.926 --> 00:21:04.830
SO THE FIRST ASK NASA QUESTION I

614
00:21:04.830 --> 00:21:06.732
THINK WE ANSWERED IT A LITTLE

615
00:21:06.732 --> 00:21:08.233
BIT.

616
00:21:08.233 --> 00:21:10.135
INITIAL RESULTS GIVE MANY CLUES

617
00:21:10.135 --> 00:21:12.337
OZ TO THE SUPER HEATING

618
00:21:12.337 --> 00:21:12.738
QUESTION.

619
00:21:12.738 --> 00:21:14.172
WE TALKED ABOUT THAT A LITTLE.

620
00:21:14.172 --> 00:21:15.874
SWITCHBACKS THE NERN GN THE

621
00:21:15.874 --> 00:21:19.077
MAGNETIC FIELD AROUND THE SUN.

622
00:21:19.077 --> 00:21:19.578
>> YEAH.

623
00:21:19.578 --> 00:21:22.781
WE HAVE SEEN UNEXPECTED WAVES

624
00:21:22.781 --> 00:21:24.983
THAT WE THINK ARE STARTING TO

625
00:21:24.983 --> 00:21:27.552
EXCITE THE PLASMA TO ACTUALLY

626
00:21:27.552 --> 00:21:29.254
CAUSE THE SWITCHBACKS IN THE

627
00:21:29.254 --> 00:21:30.355
MAGNETIC FIELD.

628
00:21:30.355 --> 00:21:34.459
AS FOUR NOTE, ITS HARD.

629
00:21:34.459 --> 00:21:36.161
HAVE TO PUT SOME ENERGY IN THERE

630
00:21:36.161 --> 00:21:38.163
TO GET THIS FEATURE AND SO, YOU

631
00:21:38.163 --> 00:21:41.166
KNOW, WE SEE THESE UNUSUAL WAVE

632
00:21:41.166 --> 00:21:42.868
STRUCTURES, AGAIN, WE EXPECT

633
00:21:42.868 --> 00:21:44.670
THEM TO GET LARGER AND LARGER AS

634
00:21:44.670 --> 00:21:46.171
WE GET CLOSE FOR THE SUN, SO

635
00:21:46.171 --> 00:21:48.273
MANY THINGS IN THIS DATA SET,

636
00:21:48.273 --> 00:21:49.975
THAT ARE EXCITING TO US, BUT

637
00:21:49.975 --> 00:21:52.577
THESE SWITCHBACKS ARE CERTAINLY

638
00:21:52.577 --> 00:21:54.079
DEADLY SMOKING GUN, AND LOOKING

639
00:21:54.079 --> 00:21:55.380
FOR WORD TO GETTING MORE

640
00:21:55.380 --> 00:21:56.481
INFORMATION ABOUT WHAT CAUSES

641
00:21:56.481 --> 00:21:57.582
THOSE.

642
00:21:57.582 --> 00:21:59.084
>> GREAT.

643
00:21:59.084 --> 00:22:01.086
EVEN THESE SWITCHBACKS ARE

644
00:22:01.086 --> 00:22:03.388
INTERESTING PHENOMENON.

645
00:22:03.388 --> 00:22:05.791
BUT THERE ARE PERIODS OF TIME

646
00:22:05.791 --> 00:22:07.292
WHEN IT IS SITE.

647
00:22:07.292 --> 00:22:13.498
THERE ARE NO SWITCHBACKS THERE.

648
00:22:13.498 --> 00:22:15.133
>> WE SEE A LOT DURING THE

649
00:22:15.133 --> 00:22:17.336
FLIGHT PERIOD WHERE THE MAGNETIC

650
00:22:17.336 --> 00:22:19.538
FIELD IS STUDY.

651
00:22:19.538 --> 00:22:21.440
ONCE IT COPS IN AND THE WAY IT

652
00:22:21.440 --> 00:22:24.042
IS, IT IS ISN'T SWITCHBACKS.

653
00:22:24.042 --> 00:22:26.011
>> DEFINITELY A LOT OF EXCITING

654
00:22:26.011 --> 00:22:26.511
STUFF.

655
00:22:26.511 --> 00:22:27.813
>> ANOTHER QUESTION THE HEATING

656
00:22:27.813 --> 00:22:28.613
ISSUE.

657
00:22:28.613 --> 00:22:30.515
MAD DY ON TWITTER WANTS TO KNOW

658
00:22:30.515 --> 00:22:31.616
IF YOU HAVE BEEN BETWEEN THE

659
00:22:31.616 --> 00:22:33.118
CORE FLOWN AND THE SUR PACE, HOW

660
00:22:33.118 --> 00:22:35.120
DO WE KNOW THE CORONA IS HOTTER

661
00:22:35.120 --> 00:22:36.621
THAN THE SURFACE?

662
00:22:36.621 --> 00:22:39.624
>> OH.

663
00:22:39.624 --> 00:22:40.726
>> THIS IS ONE OF THE FAVORITE

664
00:22:40.726 --> 00:22:43.228
STORIES.

665
00:22:43.228 --> 00:22:44.930
>> EXACTLY.

666
00:22:44.930 --> 00:22:48.233
>> BACK IN 1869, THERE WAS TWO

667
00:22:48.233 --> 00:22:50.135
AMERICANS THEY WENT TO OBSERVE

668
00:22:50.135 --> 00:22:52.537
THE SOLAR ECLIPSE AND OBSERVE

669
00:22:52.537 --> 00:22:55.941
THE SAME INITIAL SOLAR CORONA.

670
00:22:55.941 --> 00:22:58.043
IT IS ACTUALLY LIGHTING THE

671
00:22:58.043 --> 00:22:59.845
GREEN PART OF THE SPECTRUM, AND

672
00:22:59.845 --> 00:23:03.048
THAT LASTED FOR 70 YEARS WHEN

673
00:23:03.048 --> 00:23:04.449
YOU DIP KNOW WHAT WAS THE

674
00:23:04.449 --> 00:23:10.956
CHEMICAL ELEMENT IN THAT.

675
00:23:10.956 --> 00:23:18.797
>> IN 1959 WE KNEW.

676
00:23:18.797 --> 00:23:22.601
WE DISCOVERED THE BACK.

677
00:23:22.601 --> 00:23:24.603
THE FACT THEY EXIST MEANS THE

678
00:23:24.603 --> 00:23:26.371
CORONA IS EXTREMELY HOT BECAUSE

679
00:23:26.371 --> 00:23:30.075
YOU CAN NOT EYE ONIZE 15 TIMES

680
00:23:30.075 --> 00:23:31.576
WITHOUT HAVING PLACE PLA IN THE

681
00:23:31.576 --> 00:23:33.478
MILLIONS OF DEGREES SO THE

682
00:23:33.478 --> 00:23:37.582
CORONA MUST BE HARD FOR THIS TO

683
00:23:37.582 --> 00:23:38.183
BE WILLING.

684
00:23:38.183 --> 00:23:39.684
THAT IS HOW WE KNOW THEY ARE

685
00:23:39.684 --> 00:23:42.687
THERE.

686
00:23:42.687 --> 00:23:43.789
THEY THOUGHT WITH ITS A WHOLE

687
00:23:43.789 --> 00:23:47.192
NEW ELEMENT SO ACTUALLY, NOT TOO

688
00:23:47.192 --> 00:23:48.693
LONG BEFORE THAT THEY DISCOVERED

689
00:23:48.693 --> 00:23:51.096
HELIUM AND ALSO IN THE SAME WAY

690
00:23:51.096 --> 00:23:54.299
USING THESE DURING THE ECLIPSE

691
00:23:54.299 --> 00:23:56.201
AND DISCOVERED HELIUM AND

692
00:23:56.201 --> 00:23:57.702
THOUGHT WE DISCOVERED ANOTHER

693
00:23:57.702 --> 00:24:00.105
MATERIAL AND CALLED IT CORONA

694
00:24:00.105 --> 00:24:01.606
THAN IS WHERE THE CONTROVERSY

695
00:24:01.606 --> 00:24:03.308
CAME AND THE GROUPS THAT

696
00:24:03.308 --> 00:24:06.611
THOUGHT, AND ANOTHER GROUP THAT

697
00:24:06.611 --> 00:24:09.314
SAID, NO, IT IS IRON.

698
00:24:09.314 --> 00:24:12.117
IS SUPER HEATED THAT IT HAS ALSO

699
00:24:12.117 --> 00:24:14.119
AL THE ELECTRONS AND SO THAT WAS

700
00:24:14.119 --> 00:24:16.354
HOW THEY DISCOVERED IT 300 TIMES

701
00:24:16.354 --> 00:24:18.256
HOTTER THE ONLY WAY.

702
00:24:18.256 --> 00:24:19.157
>> WOW.

703
00:24:19.157 --> 00:24:20.659
>> TIME FOR ONE QUICK QUESTION

704
00:24:20.659 --> 00:24:23.862
HERE.

705
00:24:23.862 --> 00:24:25.163
>> ARE THERE CORRELATIONS

706
00:24:25.163 --> 00:24:26.331
BETWEENS THE MAGNETIC FIELD

707
00:24:26.331 --> 00:24:28.233
DIRECTION AND LOCAL CORONA

708
00:24:28.233 --> 00:24:30.235
TEMPERATURE?

709
00:24:30.235 --> 00:24:32.337
>> WE DON'T KNOW YET, ACTUALLY.

710
00:24:32.337 --> 00:24:35.340
PROBABLY NOT.

711
00:24:35.340 --> 00:24:37.042
WE REALLY CARE MORE ABOUT THE

712
00:24:37.042 --> 00:24:39.044
MAGNETIC FIELD DIRECTION OF HOW

713
00:24:39.044 --> 00:24:40.545
IT IMPACTS US HERE ON EARTH

714
00:24:40.545 --> 00:24:42.647
BECAUSE, OBVIOUSLY, IF IT IS

715
00:24:42.647 --> 00:24:44.349
POINTING IN THE OPPOSITE WAY TO

716
00:24:44.349 --> 00:24:46.051
THEATER'S PEALED, THEN JUST LIKE

717
00:24:46.051 --> 00:24:49.054
LIGHT POLES RAPPEL AND OPPOSITE

718
00:24:49.054 --> 00:24:51.256
ATTRACTS WITH MAGNETS WE GET

719
00:24:51.256 --> 00:24:52.657
ATTRACTION AND ACTUAL CONNECTION

720
00:24:52.657 --> 00:24:54.759
AND ALLOWS AN AWFUL LOT OF

721
00:24:54.759 --> 00:24:56.461
ENERGY, WE CARE ABOUT THE

722
00:24:56.461 --> 00:24:59.664
DIRECTION OF REALLY WHEN IT GETS

723
00:24:59.664 --> 00:25:00.365
HERE TO EARTH.

724
00:25:00.365 --> 00:25:02.467
IT IS REALLY THE MAGNITUDE, THE

725
00:25:02.467 --> 00:25:03.768
STRENGTH OF THAT MAGNETIC FIELD

726
00:25:03.768 --> 00:25:05.070
THAT I THINK IS GOING TO BE MORE

727
00:25:05.070 --> 00:25:05.670
IMPORTANT.

728
00:25:05.670 --> 00:25:08.373
>> AND THE SUN, AS NIKKI SAID,

729
00:25:08.373 --> 00:25:11.076
ACTUALLY, IT IS NOT AS

730
00:25:11.076 --> 00:25:11.576
IMPORTANT.

731
00:25:11.576 --> 00:25:14.513
THE COMPLEXITY AND SO FORTH.

732
00:25:14.513 --> 00:25:18.517
THE MOST IMPORTANT IS AVAILABLE

733
00:25:18.517 --> 00:25:22.420
FOR THE PLASMA.

734
00:25:22.420 --> 00:25:24.623
IT TRANSFERS ENERGY TO THE PLACE

735
00:25:24.623 --> 00:25:26.391
IN THE FORM OF HEAT.

736
00:25:26.391 --> 00:25:28.493
IT IS COMPLEXITY.

737
00:25:28.493 --> 00:25:30.495
>> THE MOST MOSHE TWISTED IT IS,

738
00:25:30.495 --> 00:25:31.997
THE MORE END NER GIT HAS.

739
00:25:31.997 --> 00:25:33.298
>> REAL QUICKLY BEFORE WE GO TO

740
00:25:33.298 --> 00:25:35.200
THE NEXT SECT WHICH IS A

741
00:25:35.200 --> 00:25:36.902
DEMONSTRATION OF THE PARKER HEAT

742
00:25:36.902 --> 00:25:37.502
SHIELD.

743
00:25:37.502 --> 00:25:39.304
I DO WANT TO NOTE REAL QUICKLY.

744
00:25:39.304 --> 00:25:40.605
NICK WHERE I, HOW IT GOES

745
00:25:40.605 --> 00:25:43.308
THROUGH THE SUPER HOT AREA.

746
00:25:43.308 --> 00:25:43.808
>> PLASMA.

747
00:25:43.808 --> 00:25:44.809
YEAH.

748
00:25:44.809 --> 00:25:47.612
SO WOULD YOU TOUCH THE OF SNOW.

749
00:25:47.612 --> 00:25:48.513
>> NEVER.

750
00:25:48.513 --> 00:25:48.914
>> NEVER.

751
00:25:48.914 --> 00:25:49.614
GOOD.

752
00:25:49.614 --> 00:25:51.716
SO WE TALK ABOUT THIS THREE

753
00:25:51.716 --> 00:25:53.418
MILLION DEGREE PLASMA.

754
00:25:53.418 --> 00:25:55.620
BUT THE PLASMA ITSELF IS NOT

755
00:25:55.620 --> 00:25:56.922
ADVANCED.

756
00:25:56.922 --> 00:25:59.824
IT IS CONTINUOUS PLASMASON THERE

757
00:25:59.824 --> 00:26:01.626
ARE NOT THAT MANY PARTICLES

758
00:26:01.626 --> 00:26:02.027
THERE.

759
00:26:02.027 --> 00:26:03.328
IF YOU THINK ABOUT TURNING THE

760
00:26:03.328 --> 00:26:06.331
STOVE ON AND YOU PUT LIKE

761
00:26:06.331 --> 00:26:08.934
450DEGREES FAHRENHEIT. YOU CAN

762
00:26:08.934 --> 00:26:11.036
PUT YOUR HAND INSIDE THE OVEN

763
00:26:11.036 --> 00:26:13.838
AND YOU WON'T BURN YOURSELF

764
00:26:13.838 --> 00:26:15.073
UNLESS YOU ACTUALLY TOUCH

765
00:26:15.073 --> 00:26:15.473
SOMETHING.

766
00:26:15.473 --> 00:26:16.374
DO NOT TRY.

767
00:26:16.374 --> 00:26:18.076
IF YOU TOUCH SOMETHING THEN YOU

768
00:26:18.076 --> 00:26:20.178
ACTUALLY ALLOW THAT HEAT TO

769
00:26:20.178 --> 00:26:21.980
COUPLE THE FINGERS AND YOU WILL

770
00:26:21.980 --> 00:26:22.981
GET BURNED.

771
00:26:22.981 --> 00:26:25.183
SO LOOK THE PARKER SOLAR PROBE

772
00:26:25.183 --> 00:26:27.552
NOT THAT MANY PARTICLE ALSO.

773
00:26:27.552 --> 00:26:29.754
THE INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES ARE

774
00:26:29.754 --> 00:26:32.057
TEMPERATURE OF THREE MILLION

775
00:26:32.057 --> 00:26:33.458
DEGREES RECOVERALL THERE IS NOT

776
00:26:33.458 --> 00:26:35.160
THAT MUCH KIND OF, YOU KNOW,

777
00:26:35.160 --> 00:26:36.861
ATMOSPHERE THERE TO REALLY KUMM

778
00:26:36.861 --> 00:26:39.664
THE SPACE.

779
00:26:39.664 --> 00:26:41.566
WE HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT THE HEAT.

780
00:26:41.566 --> 00:26:43.068
WE'RE UP BY THE SUN.

781
00:26:43.068 --> 00:26:44.569
IT IS REALLY BRIGHT.

782
00:26:44.569 --> 00:26:46.271
YOU PUT YOUR HAN MARE A LIGHT

783
00:26:46.271 --> 00:26:47.973
BULB YOU WILL FEEL THAT HEAT.

784
00:26:47.973 --> 00:26:49.574
WE ACTUALLY WORRY ABOUT THAT.

785
00:26:49.574 --> 00:26:52.277
SO WE HAVE THIS INCREDIBLE HEAT

786
00:26:52.277 --> 00:26:53.578
SHIELD THAT STILL HAS TO

787
00:26:53.578 --> 00:26:56.181
WITHSTAND TEMPERATURES OF ABOUT

788
00:26:56.181 --> 00:26:58.383
2500DEGREES FAHRENHEIT ON THE

789
00:26:58.383 --> 00:26:59.784
FRONT SIDE WHERE AS THE

790
00:26:59.784 --> 00:27:02.587
INSTRUMENTS THAT SIT ON THE MAIN

791
00:27:02.587 --> 00:27:06.091
BODY OF THE SPACECRAFT THEY HIDE

792
00:27:06.091 --> 00:27:07.792
OR YOU KNOW, THEY LIVEN THE

793
00:27:07.792 --> 00:27:09.894
SHADOW THAT IS CREATED BY THE

794
00:27:09.894 --> 00:27:10.795
HEAT SHIELD.

795
00:27:10.795 --> 00:27:12.697
SO THEY ARE AT THE TEMPERATURE

796
00:27:12.697 --> 00:27:16.134
OF 90-85 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT LIKE

797
00:27:16.134 --> 00:27:19.137
A FLORIDA EVENING IN AUGUST.

798
00:27:19.137 --> 00:27:23.642
>> ALL RIGHT.

799
00:27:23.642 --> 00:27:24.643
>> IT IS AMAZING.

800
00:27:24.643 --> 00:27:30.515
WE HAVE

801
00:27:30.515 --> 00:27:31.149
BETSY CONGDON, LEAD HEAT SHIELD

802
00:27:31.149 --> 00:27:31.716
ENGINEER, PARKER SOLAR PROBE

803
00:27:31.716 --> 00:27:32.283
JIM KINNISON, PARKER MISSION

804
00:27:32.283 --> 00:27:34.019
SYSTEM ENGINEER, APL

805
00:27:34.019 --> 00:27:36.621
THEY SHOWED US A FULL-SIZE MODEL

806
00:27:36.621 --> 00:27:38.123
AND DID A DEMONSTRATION FOR US.

807
00:27:38.123 --> 00:27:39.424
LET'S TAKE A LOOK.

808
00:27:39.424 --> 00:27:40.825
>> THANKS.

809
00:27:40.825 --> 00:27:44.329
I AM HERE WITH A HEAT SHIELD.

810
00:27:44.329 --> 00:27:46.231
IT IS AN EX AC REPLICA OF WHAT

811
00:27:46.231 --> 00:27:48.633
IS FLYING IN SPACE.

812
00:27:48.633 --> 00:27:51.136
THE TOP HEAT SHIELD IS EIGHT

813
00:27:51.136 --> 00:27:52.737
FEET IN DIAMETER AND FOUR AND A

814
00:27:52.737 --> 00:27:54.039
HALF INCHES THICK.

815
00:27:54.039 --> 00:27:55.740
THE TOP SURFACE HAS WHITE

816
00:27:55.740 --> 00:27:57.642
COATING TO REFLECT ENERGY P. IT

817
00:27:57.642 --> 00:27:59.344
IS LIKE BEING IN A WHITE CAR IN

818
00:27:59.344 --> 00:28:01.346
A HOT DAY AS OPPOSED TO BE A

819
00:28:01.346 --> 00:28:02.747
BLACK CAR IN A HOT DAY.

820
00:28:02.747 --> 00:28:04.549
WOULD YOU MUCH RATHER BE IN THE

821
00:28:04.549 --> 00:28:05.550
WHITE CAR.

822
00:28:05.550 --> 00:28:07.552
THE WHOLE HEAT SHIELD IS SIT ON

823
00:28:07.552 --> 00:28:08.653
PRAIM THAT CONNECTS TO THE

824
00:28:08.653 --> 00:28:10.755
SPACECRAFT AND THE SYSTEM HEATS

825
00:28:10.755 --> 00:28:13.058
PARKER SOLAR PROBE AT A COOL

826
00:28:13.058 --> 00:28:14.793
5DEGREES AS WE APPROACH THE SUN

827
00:28:14.793 --> 00:28:16.895
AND NOW I WILL SHOW A DEMO.

828
00:28:16.895 --> 00:28:17.996
HI.

829
00:28:17.996 --> 00:28:19.297
>> HI, BETSY.

830
00:28:19.297 --> 00:28:21.299
HERE WE GOT A CUTOUT OF THE HEAT

831
00:28:21.299 --> 00:28:21.800
SHIELD.

832
00:28:21.800 --> 00:28:22.400
THE SAME THING.

833
00:28:22.400 --> 00:28:23.902
FOUR NACH INCHES THICK.

834
00:28:23.902 --> 00:28:25.704
CAR BEEN CAR BEEN ON EITHER

835
00:28:25.704 --> 00:28:26.171
SIDE.

836
00:28:26.171 --> 00:28:28.773
CARBON CARBON IS LIKE WHAT YOU

837
00:28:28.773 --> 00:28:31.476
FIND THE TENNIS RACKET AND THE

838
00:28:31.476 --> 00:28:32.577
GOLF CLUB.

839
00:28:32.577 --> 00:28:34.479
THE IN SIDE IS ABOUT THREE

840
00:28:34.479 --> 00:28:36.481
PERCENT DENSE ONE OF THE REASONS

841
00:28:36.481 --> 00:28:38.383
WHY IT IS LIGHTWEIGHT.

842
00:28:38.383 --> 00:28:38.783
OK.

843
00:28:38.783 --> 00:28:40.385
>> LET'S GIVE IT A TRY.

844
00:28:40.385 --> 00:28:40.785
OK.

845
00:28:40.785 --> 00:28:42.687
IT IS NOT GOING TO HURT, IS IT?

846
00:28:42.687 --> 00:28:43.588
>> I DON'T THINK SO.

847
00:28:43.588 --> 00:28:44.489
>> OK.

848
00:28:44.489 --> 00:28:48.993
I WILL GET THE FRONT RED HOT.

849
00:28:48.993 --> 00:28:51.596
NOT QUITE AS HOT AS IT IS IN THE

850
00:28:51.596 --> 00:28:51.996
SUN.

851
00:28:51.996 --> 00:28:53.698
WE CAN'T QUITE DO THAT.

852
00:28:53.698 --> 00:28:54.999
IT IS PRETTY HOT.

853
00:28:54.999 --> 00:28:57.802
I CAN FEEL THE HEAT.

854
00:28:57.802 --> 00:29:00.205
JIM IS GOING TO BE ABLE TO TOUCH

855
00:29:00.205 --> 00:29:02.107
THE BACK SIDE WITH THE HAPPENED.

856
00:29:02.107 --> 00:29:03.508
>> LET'S DO.

857
00:29:03.508 --> 00:29:03.808
>> WOW.

858
00:29:03.808 --> 00:29:05.510
THAT IS COOL.

859
00:29:05.510 --> 00:29:08.012
EYE DONE FEEL ANY HEAT AT ALL.

860
00:29:08.012 --> 00:29:08.313
>> NOTHING.

861
00:29:08.313 --> 00:29:10.815
I CERTAINLY HE'LL FEEL HEAT AND

862
00:29:10.815 --> 00:29:13.218
STARTING TO GET WAY RED HER ON

863
00:29:13.218 --> 00:29:14.652
THE FRONT SIDE HERE.

864
00:29:14.652 --> 00:29:18.256
>> NOTHING HERE.

865
00:29:18.256 --> 00:29:19.557
>> AND THAT IS A HEAT CHILD

866
00:29:19.557 --> 00:29:22.160
TECHNOLOGY THAT KEEPS PARKER

867
00:29:22.160 --> 00:29:24.362
SOLAR PROBE SAFE AT THE SUN.

868
00:29:24.362 --> 00:29:24.763
>> WOW.

869
00:29:24.763 --> 00:29:28.032
THANKS, BET SANEIAM, THAT PUTS

870
00:29:28.032 --> 00:29:30.635
IT INTO PERSPECTIVE THE EXTREME

871
00:29:30.635 --> 00:29:32.337
IN CONDITIONS.

872
00:29:32.337 --> 00:29:33.838
THE NEXT TONGUE DEALS WITH MORE

873
00:29:33.838 --> 00:29:35.340
SCIENCE THAT PARKER UNCOVERED

874
00:29:35.340 --> 00:29:37.041
DURING THE CLOSE FLYBY TO THE

875
00:29:37.041 --> 00:29:40.245
SUN AND FLY BACK TO THE LAB AND

876
00:29:40.245 --> 00:29:43.348
TO THE PARKER OPERATION CENTER

877
00:29:43.348 --> 00:29:47.852
MY FRIEND KAREN FOX THERE IS AND

878
00:29:47.852 --> 00:29:48.486
ALEIDA HIGGINSON, PARKER DEPUTY

879
00:29:48.486 --> 00:29:49.087
PROJECT SCIENTIST FOR SCIENCE

880
00:29:49.087 --> 00:29:49.654
OPERATION, APL

881
00:29:49.654 --> 00:29:51.356
TOLL US WHERE ARE AND THE

882
00:29:51.356 --> 00:29:52.857
SCIENCE?

883
00:29:52.857 --> 00:29:54.159
>> THANK YOU, GRAY.

884
00:29:54.159 --> 00:29:55.660
>> I AM HERE AT THE MISSIONS

885
00:29:55.660 --> 00:29:57.962
OPERATION CENTER.

886
00:29:57.962 --> 00:30:00.064
AT JOHN HOPKINS APL.

887
00:30:00.064 --> 00:30:01.566
THE CONTROL CENTER FOR PARKER

888
00:30:01.566 --> 00:30:05.870
SOLAR PROBE AND THIS IS WHERE IT

889
00:30:05.870 --> 00:30:07.672
ALL HAPPENS.

890
00:30:07.672 --> 00:30:11.876
I AM HERE WITH ERIC WHO IS THIS

891
00:30:11.876 --> 00:30:13.378
DEPUTY PRINCIPLE INVESTIGATOR

892
00:30:13.378 --> 00:30:15.780
FOR THE INSTRUMENTS ON PARKER

893
00:30:15.780 --> 00:30:20.285
AND THE DEPUTY PROJECT SCIENTIST

894
00:30:20.285 --> 00:30:22.487
HERE AT APL FOR PARKER.

895
00:30:22.487 --> 00:30:23.288
WELCOME.

896
00:30:23.288 --> 00:30:23.788
>> THANK YOU.

897
00:30:23.788 --> 00:30:24.389
>> THANKS.

898
00:30:24.389 --> 00:30:26.291
>> WELL, TELL US WHERE WE ARE.

899
00:30:26.291 --> 00:30:27.592
WHAT IS GOING ON HERE?

900
00:30:27.592 --> 00:30:29.294
>> THIS IS THE MISSION OPERATION

901
00:30:29.294 --> 00:30:31.296
CENTER AND ALL THE DATA FROM THE

902
00:30:31.296 --> 00:30:34.699
SPACECRAFT BY RADIO THROUGH THE

903
00:30:34.699 --> 00:30:36.901
DEEP SPACE NETWORK WIGS ARRAY OF

904
00:30:36.901 --> 00:30:39.404
ANTENNAS NASA MAINTAINS AROUND

905
00:30:39.404 --> 00:30:39.904
THE WORLD.

906
00:30:39.904 --> 00:30:41.206
ALL OF THAT DATA COMES HOOKING

907
00:30:41.206 --> 00:30:44.209
THE DEEP SEA HERE IN THE CENTER

908
00:30:44.209 --> 00:30:46.110
BEFORE GETTING DISDRUB BUTED TO

909
00:30:46.110 --> 00:30:47.212
SEE YOU INTERESTS AROUND THE

910
00:30:47.212 --> 00:30:48.413
WORLD WHO ARE DOING THE REAL

911
00:30:48.413 --> 00:30:49.714
WORK WITH THE SCIENCE.

912
00:30:49.714 --> 00:30:51.716
BUT ALSO, ALL THE COMMANDS AND

913
00:30:51.716 --> 00:30:53.818
THE SPACECRAFT GET SENT FROM

914
00:30:53.818 --> 00:30:55.520
THIS MISSION OPERATION CENTER

915
00:30:55.520 --> 00:30:56.621
AND REALLY THE HEART OF THE

916
00:30:56.621 --> 00:30:58.823
MISSION.

917
00:30:58.823 --> 00:31:00.625
>> SO RIGHT HERE, RIGHT NOW.

918
00:31:00.625 --> 00:31:01.626
THE PLACE WHERE THINGS ARE GOING

919
00:31:01.626 --> 00:31:02.827
UP AND DOWN AND TALKING TO THE

920
00:31:02.827 --> 00:31:03.828
MISSION.

921
00:31:03.828 --> 00:31:06.231
HOW OFTEN ARE YOU IN CONTACT

922
00:31:06.231 --> 00:31:08.333
WITH PARKER SOLAR PROBE.

923
00:31:08.333 --> 00:31:09.634
>> A FEW THINGS THAT INTERFERE

924
00:31:09.634 --> 00:31:10.735
WITH THE ABILITY TO TALK TO THE

925
00:31:10.735 --> 00:31:11.636
SPACECRAFT.

926
00:31:11.636 --> 00:31:12.637
>> ONCE THE FRONT ITSELF.

927
00:31:12.637 --> 00:31:14.138
IF PARKER IS ON THE OTHER SIDE

928
00:31:14.138 --> 00:31:14.639
OF THE SUN.

929
00:31:14.639 --> 00:31:15.773
OBVIOUSLY, THAT IS GOING TO SPER

930
00:31:15.773 --> 00:31:16.875
FER WITH COMMUNICATION.

931
00:31:16.875 --> 00:31:19.077
THE OTHER HAS TO DO WITH THE

932
00:31:19.077 --> 00:31:20.378
ANGLE BETWEEN THE HEAT SHIELD

933
00:31:20.378 --> 00:31:22.080
AND AND TEN INAND THE SPACECRAFT

934
00:31:22.080 --> 00:31:23.381
USES TO TALK TO ETHER.

935
00:31:23.381 --> 00:31:24.682
WHEN PARKER GETS CLOSE TO THE

936
00:31:24.682 --> 00:31:26.851
SUN, THEN WE HAVE TO KEEP THAT

937
00:31:26.851 --> 00:31:28.753
HEAT SHIELD POINTED AT THE SUN

938
00:31:28.753 --> 00:31:30.255
TO PROTECT THE SPACECRAFT AND

939
00:31:30.255 --> 00:31:31.756
SOMETIMES THAT MEANS WE CANNOT

940
00:31:31.756 --> 00:31:32.857
POINT THE ANTENNA.

941
00:31:32.857 --> 00:31:35.660
WE GO THROUGH PHASES OF GOOD

942
00:31:35.660 --> 00:31:37.362
TIMES TO TALK TO SPACECRAFT AND

943
00:31:37.362 --> 00:31:37.762
BAD.

944
00:31:37.762 --> 00:31:39.964
RIGHT NOW, WE'RE IN SPAED SPACE

945
00:31:39.964 --> 00:31:42.166
SO WE CAN TALK EVERY DAY DAY OR

946
00:31:42.166 --> 00:31:42.967
EVERY FEW DAYS.

947
00:31:42.967 --> 00:31:43.668
FANTASTIC.

948
00:31:43.668 --> 00:31:44.869
WE'RE HERE TODAY TO TALK ABOUT

949
00:31:44.869 --> 00:31:47.472
THE SCIENCE SEEN BY THE SIGNALS

950
00:31:47.472 --> 00:31:49.173
THAT HAVE COME DONE, LAID DOWN

951
00:31:49.173 --> 00:31:50.475
THE OB SER VAGUESES FROM PARKER

952
00:31:50.475 --> 00:31:52.477
SOLAR PROBE.

953
00:31:52.477 --> 00:31:54.679
FIRST UP, TELL US ABOUT THE

954
00:31:54.679 --> 00:31:56.180
DUST-FREE ZONE WE'RE SPOTTING

955
00:31:56.180 --> 00:31:58.483
AROUND THE SUN?

956
00:31:58.483 --> 00:31:58.783
>> YES.

957
00:31:58.783 --> 00:32:00.685
THERE IS A DUST CLOUD THAT FILLS

958
00:32:00.685 --> 00:32:02.687
THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM THAT IS

959
00:32:02.687 --> 00:32:05.490
MADE UP OF COMETS AND ASTEROIDS.

960
00:32:05.490 --> 00:32:07.392
AS THE PIECES BREAK OFF, THEY

961
00:32:07.392 --> 00:32:09.794
SPIRAL TO THE SUN AND COLLIDE

962
00:32:09.794 --> 00:32:11.696
WITH EACH OTHER AND BREAK INTO

963
00:32:11.696 --> 00:32:13.197
SMALLER AND SMALLER PIECES WHEN

964
00:32:13.197 --> 00:32:15.934
THEY GET CLOSE TO THE SUN AND

965
00:32:15.934 --> 00:32:18.436
SMALL THEY GET COMPLETELY

966
00:32:18.436 --> 00:32:20.238
VAPORIZED BY THE SUN OR SO SMALL

967
00:32:20.238 --> 00:32:21.940
THE PURCHASE PRESSURE FROM THE

968
00:32:21.940 --> 00:32:23.241
LIGHT OF THE SUN ITSELF IS

969
00:32:23.241 --> 00:32:25.043
ENOUGH TO PUSH THEM BACK OUT

970
00:32:25.043 --> 00:32:26.811
AWAY THE SUN AND BELIEVED TO

971
00:32:26.811 --> 00:32:28.212
CREATE THIS REGION AROUND THE

972
00:32:28.212 --> 00:32:29.714
SUN WHERE THERE IS NO DUST AT

973
00:32:29.714 --> 00:32:31.716
ALL OR THE DUST-FREE ZONE.

974
00:32:31.716 --> 00:32:33.217
YOU CAN ACTUALLY SEE THE DUST

975
00:32:33.217 --> 00:32:34.719
CLOUD FROM EARTH ITSELF.

976
00:32:34.719 --> 00:32:36.821
IT IS CALLED THE LIGHT BUT YOU

977
00:32:36.821 --> 00:32:39.023
CAN'T SEE THE DUST-FREE ZONE SO

978
00:32:39.023 --> 00:32:40.725
PARKER SOLAR PROBE IS DIVE

979
00:32:40.725 --> 00:32:42.026
THROUGH THE DUST CLOUD AND

980
00:32:42.026 --> 00:32:43.928
FINALLY GETTING THE FIRST HINT

981
00:32:43.928 --> 00:32:46.130
WE MAY BE ABLE TO DETECT THE

982
00:32:46.130 --> 00:32:47.532
DUST FREE GLOBE FOR THE FIRST

983
00:32:47.532 --> 00:32:48.032
TIME.

984
00:32:48.032 --> 00:32:49.334
>> AND PREDICTION ABOUT THIS

985
00:32:49.334 --> 00:32:52.136
DUST-FREE ZONE ABOUT 100 YEARS

986
00:32:52.136 --> 00:32:53.137
AGO, RIGHT?

987
00:32:53.137 --> 00:32:53.638
>> YES.

988
00:32:53.638 --> 00:32:56.441
1920 BY HENRY RUSSELL.

989
00:32:56.441 --> 00:32:57.842
HAS BEEN A LONG TIME.

990
00:32:57.842 --> 00:32:59.243
SO EXCITING WE ARE FIGURING

991
00:32:59.243 --> 00:33:00.745
THINGS OUT THAT WE PREDICTED

992
00:33:00.745 --> 00:33:01.546
FROM LONG AGO.

993
00:33:01.546 --> 00:33:02.246
ANOTHER THING WE TALK ABOUT

994
00:33:02.246 --> 00:33:04.549
TODAYS THE SOL A ARE WIND.

995
00:33:04.549 --> 00:33:06.050
THE TREAM OF PART NELLS FLOW

996
00:33:06.050 --> 00:33:07.151
FRAUGHT THE SUN WE HAVE BEEN

997
00:33:07.151 --> 00:33:07.952
TALKING ABOUT.

998
00:33:07.952 --> 00:33:10.154
WHAT WE LEARNED FROM PARKER IS

999
00:33:10.154 --> 00:33:12.056
THAT IT IS ROTATING WITH THE SUN

1000
00:33:12.056 --> 00:33:13.358
IN A DIFFERENT WAY THAN

1001
00:33:13.358 --> 00:33:15.193
EXPECTED.

1002
00:33:15.193 --> 00:33:18.096
>> SO THE SOLAR WIND BLOWS OUT

1003
00:33:18.096 --> 00:33:20.498
UNALL DIRECTIONS FROM THE SUN,

1004
00:33:20.498 --> 00:33:22.200
BUT WE KNOW THE CORONA, THE

1005
00:33:22.200 --> 00:33:24.102
ATMOSPHERE OF THE SUN ROTATES

1006
00:33:24.102 --> 00:33:26.371
WITH THE SUN, IT HAS BEEN EVERY

1007
00:33:26.371 --> 00:33:29.974
26 DAYS AND BUT ON EARTH. THE

1008
00:33:29.974 --> 00:33:31.275
SOLAR WIND IS MOVING STRAIGHT

1009
00:33:31.275 --> 00:33:33.177
OUT FROM THE SUN SO THERE HAS

1010
00:33:33.177 --> 00:33:34.278
GOT TO BE A TRANSITION THE

1011
00:33:34.278 --> 00:33:35.780
ATMOSPHERE OF THE SUN GROSS

1012
00:33:35.780 --> 00:33:38.182
ROTATING WITH THE SUN TO MOVING

1013
00:33:38.182 --> 00:33:38.583
STRAIGHT.

1014
00:33:38.583 --> 00:33:41.586
THE DATA FROM PARKER SOLAR

1015
00:33:41.586 --> 00:33:42.687
PROBE SHOWS THAT TRANSITION

1016
00:33:42.687 --> 00:33:44.889
HAPPENS FOR THE FROM THE SUN

1017
00:33:44.889 --> 00:33:47.792
THAN WE THOUGHT THAN THE THEORY

1018
00:33:47.792 --> 00:33:48.493
PREDICTED.

1019
00:33:48.493 --> 00:33:49.394
THAT IS ACTUALLY REALLY

1020
00:33:49.394 --> 00:33:51.896
INTERESTING BECAUSE THIS SLOWING

1021
00:33:51.896 --> 00:33:53.398
DOWN THIS STRAIGHTENING OUT OF

1022
00:33:53.398 --> 00:33:56.601
THE SOLAR WIND WHAT IS SLOWS

1023
00:33:56.601 --> 00:33:58.102
DOWN THE SPIN OF ALL STARS IN

1024
00:33:58.102 --> 00:33:59.504
THE UNIVERSE.

1025
00:33:59.504 --> 00:34:03.508
AND SO, AS THE STAR EVOLVES AND

1026
00:34:03.508 --> 00:34:05.209
SPINS SLOWER AND SLOWER AND

1027
00:34:05.209 --> 00:34:07.011
SPINNING EFFECTS THE AC OF TY

1028
00:34:07.011 --> 00:34:08.312
THE AMOUNT OF SOLAR SPACE

1029
00:34:08.312 --> 00:34:10.214
WEATHER, THE NUMBER OF STORMS

1030
00:34:10.214 --> 00:34:12.817
THAT YOU GET FROM A STAR THAT

1031
00:34:12.817 --> 00:34:14.318
GENES ON HOW FAST IT IS

1032
00:34:14.318 --> 00:34:14.919
SPINNING.

1033
00:34:14.919 --> 00:34:17.055
SO THIS EFFECTS THE EVOLUTION OF

1034
00:34:17.055 --> 00:34:19.557
ALL THE STARS IN THE GALAXY.

1035
00:34:19.557 --> 00:34:21.159
ALL THE STARS IN THE UNIVERSE

1036
00:34:21.159 --> 00:34:23.361
AND CAN EFFECT HABITABILITY OF

1037
00:34:23.361 --> 00:34:25.063
SOLAR SYSTEMS FAR AWAY FROM OUR

1038
00:34:25.063 --> 00:34:25.463
OWN.

1039
00:34:25.463 --> 00:34:26.631
REALLY OXIDING.

1040
00:34:26.631 --> 00:34:27.932
>> WELL, I THINK THAT IS GREAT

1041
00:34:27.932 --> 00:34:29.634
WE ARE SENDING OUR STAR AND ABLE

1042
00:34:29.634 --> 00:34:30.935
TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT THE

1043
00:34:30.935 --> 00:34:33.037
ENTIRE UNIVERSE WHEN WE DO THAT.

1044
00:34:33.037 --> 00:34:33.438
A YEAH.

1045
00:34:33.438 --> 00:34:36.741
SO OUR STAR IS THE ONLY, OUR

1046
00:34:36.741 --> 00:34:38.242
STARS THE ONLY STAR WE CAN

1047
00:34:38.242 --> 00:34:40.545
DIRECTLY GO WITH PARKER SOLAR

1048
00:34:40.545 --> 00:34:42.246
PROBE AND MEASURE WHAT IS

1049
00:34:42.246 --> 00:34:42.947
HAPPENING.

1050
00:34:42.947 --> 00:34:44.649
ALL THE OTHERS WERE SO FAR AWAY

1051
00:34:44.649 --> 00:34:46.751
FROM TELESCOPES AND TELL IS A

1052
00:34:46.751 --> 00:34:47.251
LOT.

1053
00:34:47.251 --> 00:34:48.753
ACTUALLY GETTING THERE WHERE THE

1054
00:34:48.753 --> 00:34:50.655
ACTION IS AND THE PARKER SOLAR

1055
00:34:50.655 --> 00:34:52.156
PROBE DISSEIBED TO DO.

1056
00:34:52.156 --> 00:34:52.557
>> GREAT.

1057
00:34:52.557 --> 00:34:53.658
WE HAVE ONE MORE DISCOVER ARE

1058
00:34:53.658 --> 00:34:55.159
YOU WE ARE TALKING ABOUT TODAY.

1059
00:34:55.159 --> 00:34:57.061
THE MORE AND HERE AND NOW WHICH

1060
00:34:57.061 --> 00:34:58.663
IS ABOUT SPACE WEATHER WHICH CAN

1061
00:34:58.663 --> 00:35:01.466
AFFECT ASTRONAUT AND TECHNOLOGY

1062
00:35:01.466 --> 00:35:03.568
NEAR EARTH AND WE SAW WITH

1063
00:35:03.568 --> 00:35:05.670
PARKER THE SEEDS OF SOME OF

1064
00:35:05.670 --> 00:35:07.872
THOSE SPACE WEATHER EVENTS.

1065
00:35:07.872 --> 00:35:08.973
TELL US ABOUT THAT.

1066
00:35:08.973 --> 00:35:13.277
SO THE PARKER SOLAR PROBE SEES A

1067
00:35:13.277 --> 00:35:16.614
BUNCH OF VERY SMALL SOLAR FLARES

1068
00:35:16.614 --> 00:35:18.716
THESE ARE EXPLOSIONS ON THE SUN

1069
00:35:18.716 --> 00:35:20.918
THAT CAN ACCELERATE PARTICLES UP

1070
00:35:20.918 --> 00:35:23.121
TO ALMOST THE SPEED OF LIGHT AND

1071
00:35:23.121 --> 00:35:27.191
THE SOLE ARE PARTICLES THE FAST

1072
00:35:27.191 --> 00:35:29.093
PARTICLES THAT ARE A DANGER TO

1073
00:35:29.093 --> 00:35:30.495
SPACECRAFT AND ASTRONAUT WHEN

1074
00:35:30.495 --> 00:35:32.997
THEY GET AWAY FROM MAGNETIC

1075
00:35:32.997 --> 00:35:34.999
FIELD OF THE EARTH FOR EXAMPLE

1076
00:35:34.999 --> 00:35:36.200
GOING TO THE MACHINE OR THE

1077
00:35:36.200 --> 00:35:37.101
MARS.

1078
00:35:37.101 --> 00:35:38.603
SO THESE ARE INTERESTING FROM

1079
00:35:38.603 --> 00:35:40.905
THE STANDPOINT OF SPACE WEATHER

1080
00:35:40.905 --> 00:35:44.609
AND PARKER HAS SEEN SMALL EVENTS

1081
00:35:44.609 --> 00:35:46.310
THAT ARE COMPLETELY WASHED OUT

1082
00:35:46.310 --> 00:35:47.812
BOY THE TIME WE GET TO EARTH AND

1083
00:35:47.812 --> 00:35:49.914
NEVER SEEN THEM BEFORE BUT THEY

1084
00:35:49.914 --> 00:35:52.316
FORMED THE KEY TOWNER STANDING

1085
00:35:52.316 --> 00:35:55.119
WHAT ACCELERATING THE SOLAR

1086
00:35:55.119 --> 00:35:56.821
PARTICLES MILLION WE UNDERSTAND

1087
00:35:56.821 --> 00:35:58.823
THE BASS UK SCIENCE WE CANNOT

1088
00:35:58.823 --> 00:35:59.824
PREDICT THEM.

1089
00:35:59.824 --> 00:36:00.224
ALL RIGHT.

1090
00:36:00.224 --> 00:36:00.525
THANKS.

1091
00:36:00.525 --> 00:36:02.226
WE ARE NOW GOING TO TAKE COUPLE

1092
00:36:02.226 --> 00:36:04.729
OF YOUR QUESTIONS FROM ASK NASA.

1093
00:36:04.729 --> 00:36:06.731
THE FIRST ONE IS FROM MARK ON

1094
00:36:06.731 --> 00:36:09.333
TWITTER AND DOING DO WE KNOW HOW

1095
00:36:09.333 --> 00:36:12.336
HOT THE SHIELD GOT VERSUS HOW

1096
00:36:12.336 --> 00:36:14.839
HOT YOU CALCULATED IT WOULD GET

1097
00:36:14.839 --> 00:36:16.274
INTO WE DON'T HAVE SEM TURE

1098
00:36:16.274 --> 00:36:18.476
SENSORS ON THE FRONT OF THE HEAT

1099
00:36:18.476 --> 00:36:20.178
SHIELD BUT TEMPERATURES BEHIND

1100
00:36:20.178 --> 00:36:22.280
THE HEAT SHIELD AT THE BACK SIDE

1101
00:36:22.280 --> 00:36:24.682
THEN WE USE MODEL TO SAY, OK.

1102
00:36:24.682 --> 00:36:26.651
IF WE KNOW THE FRONT OF THE HEAT

1103
00:36:26.651 --> 00:36:27.752
SHIELD THIS IS HOT AND WE EXPECT

1104
00:36:27.752 --> 00:36:29.654
TO REGISTER A CERTAIN

1105
00:36:29.654 --> 00:36:30.955
TEMPERATURE ON THE BACK SIDE SO

1106
00:36:30.955 --> 00:36:32.957
COMPARING THAT IF FROM THE FIRST

1107
00:36:32.957 --> 00:36:34.859
THREE ORBITS THEN PARKER SOLAR

1108
00:36:34.859 --> 00:36:36.561
PROBE IS GOING TO GET CLOSER AND

1109
00:36:36.561 --> 00:36:37.862
CLOSER AND WE HAVE EVERY REASON

1110
00:36:37.862 --> 00:36:40.064
TO BELIEVE IT IS GOING TO KEEPER

1111
00:36:40.064 --> 00:36:41.465
FORKING BUTTE PLY.

1112
00:36:41.465 --> 00:36:42.166
A FANTASTIC.

1113
00:36:42.166 --> 00:36:44.569
>> OUR NEXT QUESTION IS FROM

1114
00:36:44.569 --> 00:36:45.570
TWITTER.

1115
00:36:45.570 --> 00:36:47.071
WHEN THE PROBE US ON THE TAR

1116
00:36:47.071 --> 00:36:48.873
SIDE OF THE SUN, IT LOSES ALL

1117
00:36:48.873 --> 00:36:50.575
CONTACT WITH EARTH, HOW LONG DO

1118
00:36:50.575 --> 00:36:52.476
WE HAVE TO WAIT UNTIL IT ON

1119
00:36:52.476 --> 00:36:54.378
CONNECTION IS REESTABLISHED AND

1120
00:36:54.378 --> 00:36:56.981
HOW UNNERVING IS IT FOR YOU?

1121
00:36:56.981 --> 00:36:59.383
>> SO PARKER SOLAR PROBE

1122
00:36:59.383 --> 00:37:01.485
ENCOUNTERS THE SUN WHEN ON THE

1123
00:37:01.485 --> 00:37:06.891
OTHER SIDE ARE 10 TO 15 DAYS SO

1124
00:37:06.891 --> 00:37:08.993
THE FIRST TIME PARKER SOLAR

1125
00:37:08.993 --> 00:37:10.494
PROBE WENT BEHIND THE SUN WE

1126
00:37:10.494 --> 00:37:12.496
WERE NERVOUS BECAUSE WE WERE NOT

1127
00:37:12.496 --> 00:37:14.198
SURE WE WITH SEE IT COME OUT THE

1128
00:37:14.198 --> 00:37:16.234
OTHER SIDE BUT THE HEAT SHIELD

1129
00:37:16.234 --> 00:37:17.535
PERFORMED BEAUTIFULLY AND NOW

1130
00:37:17.535 --> 00:37:18.836
ARE YOU TEEN SO ALONGING FOR

1131
00:37:18.836 --> 00:37:20.137
TOWARD THE NEXT ENCOUNTER.

1132
00:37:20.137 --> 00:37:22.240
>> WE HAVE TIME FOR ONE MORE

1133
00:37:22.240 --> 00:37:24.141
QUICK QUESTION ON THIS SIDE FROM

1134
00:37:24.141 --> 00:37:26.143
EIGHTH GRADE EARTH SCIENCE CLASS

1135
00:37:26.143 --> 00:37:27.011
ON TWITTER.

1136
00:37:27.011 --> 00:37:28.913
WHAT WAS THE BIGGEST ENGINEERING

1137
00:37:28.913 --> 00:37:31.115
CHALLENGE BUILDING SPARKER SOLAR

1138
00:37:31.115 --> 00:37:32.016
THREE?

1139
00:37:32.016 --> 00:37:34.318
>> WELL, I WOULD THINK THE HEAT

1140
00:37:34.318 --> 00:37:34.719
SHIELD.

1141
00:37:34.719 --> 00:37:36.020
WITHOUT THE HEAT SHIELD WE DON'T

1142
00:37:36.020 --> 00:37:36.520
HAVE MISSION.

1143
00:37:36.520 --> 00:37:38.422
THEY PUT A LOT OF EFFORT INTO

1144
00:37:38.422 --> 00:37:40.825
PROVING THEY COULD BUILD A HEAT

1145
00:37:40.825 --> 00:37:42.927
SHIELD OR BUILD A TEST ONE AND

1146
00:37:42.927 --> 00:37:44.629
RAN IT THROUGH THE OVENS TO MAKE

1147
00:37:44.629 --> 00:37:46.831
SURE THU HEAT UP ONE END AND

1148
00:37:46.831 --> 00:37:48.332
STILL KEEP THE BACK END COOL

1149
00:37:48.332 --> 00:37:50.534
BECAUSE WITHOUT THAT HEAT SHIELD

1150
00:37:50.534 --> 00:37:52.436
WE NEVER WOULD BE ABLE TO GET AS

1151
00:37:52.436 --> 00:37:53.938
CLOSE AS WE'RE GETTING.

1152
00:37:53.938 --> 00:37:54.438
>> FANTASTIC.

1153
00:37:54.438 --> 00:37:55.640
THANKS SO MUCH.

1154
00:37:55.640 --> 00:37:57.842
WE WILL CONTINUE TO TAKE ASK

1155
00:37:57.842 --> 00:37:59.744
NASA QUESTIONS A FEW MORE FROM

1156
00:37:59.744 --> 00:38:01.245
THIS SIDE LATER AND NOW PASSING

1157
00:38:01.245 --> 00:38:04.548
IT BACK TO GRAY IN THE STUDIO.

1158
00:38:04.548 --> 00:38:04.949
>> ALL RIGHT.

1159
00:38:04.949 --> 00:38:06.851
THANKS, KAREN.

1160
00:38:06.851 --> 00:38:08.352
>> THAT IS NOT THE LAST WE TALK

1161
00:38:08.352 --> 00:38:09.453
TO YOU TODAY EITHER.

1162
00:38:09.453 --> 00:38:10.254
THANKS SO MUCH.

1163
00:38:10.254 --> 00:38:16.294
NOW, NICKY AND NOUR, IT IS

1164
00:38:16.294 --> 00:38:17.795
SPECIAL AND NAMED FOR LIVING

1165
00:38:17.795 --> 00:38:20.298
PERSON AND THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN,

1166
00:38:20.298 --> 00:38:20.798
RIGHT?

1167
00:38:20.798 --> 00:38:23.801
>> YES, IT IS HISTORIC FOR US.

1168
00:38:23.801 --> 00:38:25.903
IT IS NAME FODDED FOR EUGENE

1169
00:38:25.903 --> 00:38:26.871
PARKER.

1170
00:38:26.871 --> 00:38:28.773
AS YOU NOTED, THIS IS NOT JUST

1171
00:38:28.773 --> 00:38:29.473
ONLY A.

1172
00:38:29.473 --> 00:38:30.875
IT IS ACTUALLY THE FIRST TIME

1173
00:38:30.875 --> 00:38:32.677
THAT NASA HAS EVER NAMED A

1174
00:38:32.677 --> 00:38:34.779
MISSION DURING THEIR OWN

1175
00:38:34.779 --> 00:38:35.279
LIFETIME.

1176
00:38:35.279 --> 00:38:36.681
WHEN YOU CONSIDER THAT YOU

1177
00:38:36.681 --> 00:38:38.883
ACTUALLY HAVE A HIGHER PROB K OF

1178
00:38:38.883 --> 00:38:41.085
WINNING A NOBEL PRIZE, THAN YOU

1179
00:38:41.085 --> 00:38:43.087
DO OF HAVING A NASA MISSION

1180
00:38:43.087 --> 00:38:44.789
NAMED AFTER YOU, JUST IMAGINE,

1181
00:38:44.789 --> 00:38:47.591
HOW THAT WOULD FEEL AND OF

1182
00:38:47.591 --> 00:38:50.394
COURSE HE JOINED WITH US THE

1183
00:38:50.394 --> 00:38:51.896
FAMILY AT THE LAUNCH SITE IN A

1184
00:38:51.896 --> 00:38:53.497
WAS ABLE TO SPEND A LOT OF TIME

1185
00:38:53.497 --> 00:38:56.300
WITH HIM AND JUST REALLY HEARING

1186
00:38:56.300 --> 00:38:57.902
HOW MUCH IT MEANT TO HIP.

1187
00:38:57.902 --> 00:38:59.403
HE ALSO CAME AND SAW THE

1188
00:38:59.403 --> 00:39:02.406
SPACECRAFT AT THE APPLIED FIXES

1189
00:39:02.406 --> 00:39:04.709
LAB BEFORE LAUNCH, OBVIOUSLY,

1190
00:39:04.709 --> 00:39:08.412
AND HE MARVELED AT JUST THIS

1191
00:39:08.412 --> 00:39:11.115
SHEER ENGINEERING NEAT WAS IN

1192
00:39:11.115 --> 00:39:13.117
FRONT OF HIMMEL WAS VERY HUMBLE

1193
00:39:13.117 --> 00:39:16.854
AND GAVE AN AWFUL LOT OF CREDIT

1194
00:39:16.854 --> 00:39:18.656
ENGINEERS AND THE SCIENTISTS WHO

1195
00:39:18.656 --> 00:39:19.957
SPEND A LOT OF TIME PREPARING

1196
00:39:19.957 --> 00:39:22.059
THIS WONDERFUL NAN IS GOING TO

1197
00:39:22.059 --> 00:39:23.961
GO AND DO THE SCIENCE.

1198
00:39:23.961 --> 00:39:26.564
HE REALLY INSPIRED A GENERATION.

1199
00:39:26.564 --> 00:39:29.633
HE CREATED, IF YOU LIKE, THE

1200
00:39:29.633 --> 00:39:31.635
COME. IT HE INSPIRED THE

1201
00:39:31.635 --> 00:39:32.837
SCIENCE THAT WE DO.

1202
00:39:32.837 --> 00:39:34.839
BUT I BET YOU WANT TO KNOW WHY

1203
00:39:34.839 --> 00:39:36.741
HE PICKED PARKER.

1204
00:39:36.741 --> 00:39:38.943
I AM SURE NOUR WOULD LIKE TO

1205
00:39:38.943 --> 00:39:39.744
TELL US.

1206
00:39:39.744 --> 00:39:40.144
>> YES.

1207
00:39:40.144 --> 00:39:40.845
THANKS.

1208
00:39:40.845 --> 00:39:43.347
>> BACK IN 1968, A YOUNG GENE

1209
00:39:43.347 --> 00:39:46.851
PARKER WROTE THE PAPER.

1210
00:39:46.851 --> 00:39:51.355
NEW RESEARCH.

1211
00:39:51.355 --> 00:39:53.557
HE GOT THE REVIEW BACK AND THE

1212
00:39:53.557 --> 00:39:58.262
VIEWER SAID TO GO TO THE LIBRARY

1213
00:39:58.262 --> 00:40:00.464
TO LEARN MORE.

1214
00:40:00.464 --> 00:40:01.766
>> HE SAID THAT WAS THE GOOD

1215
00:40:01.766 --> 00:40:02.566
REVIEW.

1216
00:40:02.566 --> 00:40:07.271
>> OBVIOUSLY, BUT THE EDITOR WAS

1217
00:40:07.271 --> 00:40:09.874
NO WINS ABOUT THIS YOU NO BELL

1218
00:40:09.874 --> 00:40:11.175
LAUREATE.

1219
00:40:11.175 --> 00:40:12.676
HE SAW THE VALUE OF THIS

1220
00:40:12.676 --> 00:40:13.978
RESEARCH.

1221
00:40:13.978 --> 00:40:15.980
HE FORGOT THE PAP FORA LITTLE

1222
00:40:15.980 --> 00:40:18.082
WHILE AND DECIDED TO PUBLISH IT.

1223
00:40:18.082 --> 00:40:21.986
THAT IS THE FIRST OF ALL

1224
00:40:21.986 --> 00:40:25.189
THEORIES.

1225
00:40:25.189 --> 00:40:27.291
IRONICALLY, FOUR YEARS LATER,

1226
00:40:27.291 --> 00:40:30.694
THERE WAS MARINA MISSION AND

1227
00:40:30.694 --> 00:40:34.999
SCIENTISTS PREFERRED EXISTENCE

1228
00:40:34.999 --> 00:40:36.801
OF THE WIND BUT L NOT ONLY

1229
00:40:36.801 --> 00:40:38.702
CONFIRMED IT BUT IT IS WAY WAY

1230
00:40:38.702 --> 00:40:41.505
MORE COMPLEX THAN WE THOUGHT.

1231
00:40:41.505 --> 00:40:43.607
SINCE THEN WE ARE STRUGGLING THE

1232
00:40:43.607 --> 00:40:44.909
MYSTERY OF THE SOLAR WIND AND

1233
00:40:44.909 --> 00:40:47.711
THE SOL EAR PROBE.

1234
00:40:47.711 --> 00:40:49.613
>> WOW.

1235
00:40:49.613 --> 00:40:50.514
>> GREATNESS THEN.

1236
00:40:50.514 --> 00:40:51.215
>> ABSOLUTELY.

1237
00:40:51.215 --> 00:40:51.816
ALL RIGHT.

1238
00:40:51.816 --> 00:40:53.918
NICKY, I KNOW YOU HAD CHANCE TO

1239
00:40:53.918 --> 00:40:55.119
MEET WITH DR.PARK EAR LITTLE

1240
00:40:55.119 --> 00:40:56.420
WHILE AGO AND SHARE SOME OF THE

1241
00:40:56.420 --> 00:40:58.322
INITIAL RESULTS FROM PARKER.

1242
00:40:58.322 --> 00:40:59.824
THAT WAS REALLY EXCITING.

1243
00:40:59.824 --> 00:41:00.424
>> IT WAS.

1244
00:41:00.424 --> 00:41:02.126
I WAS VERY LUCKY.

1245
00:41:02.126 --> 00:41:05.129
I WENT TO SEE HIM FOR PARKER

1246
00:41:05.129 --> 00:41:07.531
SOLAR PROB'S FIRST BIRTHDAY ON

1247
00:41:07.531 --> 00:41:08.232
ORBIT.

1248
00:41:08.232 --> 00:41:11.235
I WENT TO SEE HIM.

1249
00:41:11.235 --> 00:41:13.137
WE SAID A LOT OF MEMORY ABOUT

1250
00:41:13.137 --> 00:41:14.839
THE EXPERIENCES FROM THE LUNCH

1251
00:41:14.839 --> 00:41:17.374
AND ALSO SEEING THE MIGHTY DELTA

1252
00:41:17.374 --> 00:41:20.578
HEAVY ROCKET AND NOT ONLY SEEING

1253
00:41:20.578 --> 00:41:22.980
THAT ROCKET BUT SEEING THE

1254
00:41:22.980 --> 00:41:27.451
PARKER SOLAR PROBE LOGO AT THE

1255
00:41:27.451 --> 00:41:30.054
TOP WITH THE EXPERIENCE AND SO

1256
00:41:30.054 --> 00:41:32.857
YES I GOT TO SEE SNEAK PEAK AT

1257
00:41:32.857 --> 00:41:35.259
THE DATA AND YOU WILL SEE, YOU

1258
00:41:35.259 --> 00:41:38.262
KNOW, HE GOT EXCITED ABOUT IT

1259
00:41:38.262 --> 00:41:40.164
AND EMOTIONAL.

1260
00:41:40.164 --> 00:41:41.265
HE STAYED END GIGGED AND

1261
00:41:41.265 --> 00:41:42.967
INTERACTING WITH THE

1262
00:41:42.967 --> 00:41:45.369
INVESTIGATORS AND REALLY, THINK,

1263
00:41:45.369 --> 00:41:46.871
VERYING IN THE WONDERFUL DATA

1264
00:41:46.871 --> 00:41:47.972
THAT WE HAVE COMING BACK.

1265
00:41:47.972 --> 00:41:48.572
1:00.

1266
00:41:48.572 --> 00:41:49.373
>> THAT IS GREAT.

1267
00:41:49.373 --> 00:41:49.874
THAT IS GREAT.

1268
00:41:49.874 --> 00:41:51.775
WELL, LET'S TAKE LACK AT THE

1269
00:41:51.775 --> 00:41:53.978
VIDEO OF NIKKI'S MEETING WITH

1270
00:41:53.978 --> 00:41:55.479
DR.EUGENE PARKER ♪

1271
00:41:55.479 --> 00:41:55.880
♪

1272
00:41:55.880 --> 00:41:56.280
♪

1273
00:41:56.280 --> 00:41:56.680
♪

1274
00:41:56.680 --> 00:42:05.089
♪

1275
00:42:05.089 --> 00:42:07.892
>> WOW, ALL I CAN SAY IS WOW.

1276
00:42:07.892 --> 00:42:10.294
I AM NOT SURPRISED IT IS STRANGE

1277
00:42:10.294 --> 00:42:11.996
BECAUSE IT USUALLY IS WHEN YOU

1278
00:42:11.996 --> 00:42:14.999
GO THERE AND MAKE MEASUREMENTS.

1279
00:42:14.999 --> 00:42:17.434
WELL, I AM EXCITED AS I EXPECTED

1280
00:42:17.434 --> 00:42:20.938
I WOULD BE.

1281
00:42:20.938 --> 00:42:23.040
INTERPLANETARY SPACE IS FULL OF

1282
00:42:23.040 --> 00:42:24.742
ACTIVITY WE WERE REALLY NOT

1283
00:42:24.742 --> 00:42:25.442
AWARE OF.

1284
00:42:25.442 --> 00:42:27.411
THEN, ALSO, VERY QUICK.

1285
00:42:27.411 --> 00:42:30.614
WE TOOK IMAGES THAT ARE 12 HOURS

1286
00:42:30.614 --> 00:42:32.216
APART.

1287
00:42:32.216 --> 00:42:33.717
THEY ARE NOT THERE IN THE NEXT

1288
00:42:33.717 --> 00:42:34.518
IMAGE.

1289
00:42:34.518 --> 00:42:36.420
THEY ARE VERY CLEAR.

1290
00:42:36.420 --> 00:42:40.324
THEN THEY ARE GONE.

1291
00:42:40.324 --> 00:42:43.127
>> YOU KNOW ALL IS RUNNING TO

1292
00:42:43.127 --> 00:42:47.831
HEIST TERROUS THINGS.

1293
00:42:47.831 --> 00:42:49.133
>> I WOULDN'T EXPECT ANYTHING

1294
00:42:49.133 --> 00:42:50.634
LIKE THAT.

1295
00:42:50.634 --> 00:42:52.336
>> SO THAT IS THE PUT TY OF THE

1296
00:42:52.336 --> 00:42:54.138
PARKER SOLAR PROBE MISSION.

1297
00:42:54.138 --> 00:42:55.639
WE'RE GOING SO CLOSE AND SEEING

1298
00:42:55.639 --> 00:42:57.041
ALL OF THIS STUFF FOR THE FIRST

1299
00:42:57.041 --> 00:42:58.142
TIME.

1300
00:42:58.142 --> 00:43:00.644
>> AS USUAL.

1301
00:43:00.644 --> 00:43:03.847
WHEN YOU HAVE A MISSION INTO

1302
00:43:03.847 --> 00:43:05.349
UNKNOWN PLACE YOU FIND

1303
00:43:05.349 --> 00:43:07.952
REMARKABLE THINGS THAT YOU DID

1304
00:43:07.952 --> 00:43:10.054
NOT ANTICIPATE.

1305
00:43:10.054 --> 00:43:11.755
I WAS VERY MOVED BY THE FACT

1306
00:43:11.755 --> 00:43:13.257
THAT SPACECRAFT IS GOING OFF

1307
00:43:13.257 --> 00:43:16.293
INTO THE NIGHT SKY AND NEVER

1308
00:43:16.293 --> 00:43:17.094
COME BACK.

1309
00:43:17.094 --> 00:43:26.303
>> RIGHT.

1310
00:43:26.303 --> 00:43:29.373
>> I HAD SEPARATION ANXIETY.

1311
00:43:29.373 --> 00:43:30.975
I STATED WAS LIKE WATCHING A

1312
00:43:30.975 --> 00:43:32.676
MEMBER OF THE TEAM BECAUSE AFTER

1313
00:43:32.676 --> 00:43:34.178
WORKING WITH THAT SPACECRAFT FOR

1314
00:43:34.178 --> 00:43:36.680
SO LONG, SHE BECAME A PERSON AND

1315
00:43:36.680 --> 00:43:38.983
BECAME PART OF THE TEAM.

1316
00:43:38.983 --> 00:43:40.784
AND TO SAY GOOD-BYE TO HER WAS

1317
00:43:40.784 --> 00:43:44.388
REALLY, REALLY TOUGH.

1318
00:43:44.388 --> 00:43:46.090
>> AND ALWAYS A LITTLE XINE TY

1319
00:43:46.090 --> 00:43:47.191
ABOUT A LITTLE SOMETHING GOING

1320
00:43:47.191 --> 00:43:50.194
ON AND THE ANSWER IS NO.

1321
00:43:50.194 --> 00:43:54.298
THIS BABY WAS BUILT TO PERFORM.

1322
00:43:54.298 --> 00:43:56.900
IT HAS DONE ITS JOB FLAWLESSLY.

1323
00:43:56.900 --> 00:44:00.904
>> CERTAINLY HAS.

1324
00:44:00.904 --> 00:44:02.206
>> A GREAT VIDEO.

1325
00:44:02.206 --> 00:44:03.907
I LOVE HOW ENGAGED HE STILL

1326
00:44:03.907 --> 00:44:05.209
WHICH IS THE SCIENCE.

1327
00:44:05.209 --> 00:44:07.111
THAT IS GREAT FOR YOU AS

1328
00:44:07.111 --> 00:44:08.212
SCIENTISTS WORKING IN THE FIELD

1329
00:44:08.212 --> 00:44:09.913
TODAY TO BE BUILDING ON THAT

1330
00:44:09.913 --> 00:44:12.116
LEGACY AND SHARE IT WITH HIM.

1331
00:44:12.116 --> 00:44:12.316
IT IS.

1332
00:44:12.316 --> 00:44:14.918
THE WHOLE DIVISION IS REALLY

1333
00:44:14.918 --> 00:44:17.855
JUST FORMED AROUND STUDYING THE

1334
00:44:17.855 --> 00:44:19.356
LAST STAR AND THE EFFECT ON THE

1335
00:44:19.356 --> 00:44:20.457
SOLAR SYSTEM.

1336
00:44:20.457 --> 00:44:22.760
AND SO EVERYTHING THAT HE DID,

1337
00:44:22.760 --> 00:44:25.963
YOU KNOW, HE SAID I JUST SOLVED

1338
00:44:25.963 --> 00:44:27.331
FOUR EQUATIONS.

1339
00:44:27.331 --> 00:44:29.233
ED HE MADE IT SOUP LIABILITY WAS

1340
00:44:29.233 --> 00:44:30.134
NOTHING.

1341
00:44:30.134 --> 00:44:32.236
AND HE BASICALLY GAVE BIRTH TO

1342
00:44:32.236 --> 00:44:35.039
ENTIRE FIXES DISCIPLINE.

1343
00:44:35.039 --> 00:44:37.041
ALTHOUGH I SAY THE OLDEST

1344
00:44:37.041 --> 00:44:38.942
DISCIPLINE BECAUSE EVERYBODY

1345
00:44:38.942 --> 00:44:40.844
STUDIED THE SUN SUNS THE DAWN OF

1346
00:44:40.844 --> 00:44:41.145
TIME.

1347
00:44:41.145 --> 00:44:43.447
BUT REALLY UNDERSTANDING THE SUN

1348
00:44:43.447 --> 00:44:45.849
HAD PROFOUND FEK ON ETHER IS

1349
00:44:45.849 --> 00:44:47.951
REALLY EUGENE PARK HE AND LOVE

1350
00:44:47.951 --> 00:44:49.953
THE WAY HE GETS TEARY EYED

1351
00:44:49.953 --> 00:44:51.455
SAYING GOOD BYE TO THE

1352
00:44:51.455 --> 00:44:52.056
SPACECRAFT.

1353
00:44:52.056 --> 00:44:55.259
WE ALL FELT LIKE THAT.

1354
00:44:55.259 --> 00:44:56.260
>> IF YOU LOOK AT THE

1355
00:44:56.260 --> 00:44:58.562
CONTRIBUTIONS THROUGH THE YEARS,

1356
00:44:58.562 --> 00:44:59.463
IT IS BIG.

1357
00:44:59.463 --> 00:45:02.266
>> YEP.

1358
00:45:02.266 --> 00:45:03.767
>> HE GETS NAMED AFTER ONE OF

1359
00:45:03.767 --> 00:45:06.570
THE MISSIONS OF NASA.

1360
00:45:06.570 --> 00:45:08.072
>> GREAT.

1361
00:45:08.072 --> 00:45:09.973
OUR AUDIENCE IS EXCITED, TOO.

1362
00:45:09.973 --> 00:45:11.875
A LOT OF QUESTIONS FLOWING IN.

1363
00:45:11.875 --> 00:45:15.179
#ASKNASA AND GET TO AS MANY AS

1364
00:45:15.179 --> 00:45:17.614
WE CAN.

1365
00:45:17.614 --> 00:45:20.918
MATT SAYS YOU HAVE MADE THE

1366
00:45:20.918 --> 00:45:22.619
SWITCHBACKS WITH DETECTORS WHAT

1367
00:45:22.619 --> 00:45:25.422
ABOUT DIFFERENTS WERE THE SUN?

1368
00:45:25.422 --> 00:45:28.692
>> SO WE DID HAVE TO USE,

1369
00:45:28.692 --> 00:45:29.993
OBVIOUSLY, THAT IS THE REASON WE

1370
00:45:29.993 --> 00:45:31.795
CARRY ALL THE DIFFERENT

1371
00:45:31.795 --> 00:45:33.297
DETECTORS WE WANT TO PUT THEM

1372
00:45:33.297 --> 00:45:34.998
TOGETHER TO FORM A FULL STORY

1373
00:45:34.998 --> 00:45:36.300
AND A FULL PICTURE AROUND THE

1374
00:45:36.300 --> 00:45:37.601
SCIENCE THAT WE'RE SEEING.

1375
00:45:37.601 --> 00:45:40.504
SO I NOTED WHEN I DREW MY SET ON

1376
00:45:40.504 --> 00:45:41.205
THE BOARD.

1377
00:45:41.205 --> 00:45:43.307
THE FIRST SET, THE FIRST DATA

1378
00:45:43.307 --> 00:45:45.509
SET BASS THE MAGNETIC FIELD DATA

1379
00:45:45.509 --> 00:45:47.611
AND WE STARTED ADDING FROM THE

1380
00:45:47.611 --> 00:45:49.413
SUITE WHICH IS HARD TO SAY.

1381
00:45:49.413 --> 00:45:51.115
THAT WAS HOW WE REALIZED WE WERE

1382
00:45:51.115 --> 00:45:53.217
NOT JUST HOPPING UP AND DOWN

1383
00:45:53.217 --> 00:45:54.718
BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT REGIONS OF

1384
00:45:54.718 --> 00:45:57.321
THE MAGNETIC FIELD EITHER BEFORE

1385
00:45:57.321 --> 00:45:59.022
OR BELOW THE NEUTRAL ZONE BUT

1386
00:45:59.022 --> 00:46:01.625
THE ACTUAL PROBLEM WAS FLOWING

1387
00:46:01.625 --> 00:46:02.726
IN THE SAME DIRECTION SO THE

1388
00:46:02.726 --> 00:46:05.229
ONLY WAY WAS TO FOR THE MAGNETIC

1389
00:46:05.229 --> 00:46:06.530
FIELD TO CONTINUALLY SWITCH

1390
00:46:06.530 --> 00:46:07.030
BACK.

1391
00:46:07.030 --> 00:46:09.133
YES WE PUT THE DATA SETS

1392
00:46:09.133 --> 00:46:09.533
TOGETHER.

1393
00:46:09.533 --> 00:46:11.735
WE-SURED THEM AS WE WENT IN ON

1394
00:46:11.735 --> 00:46:14.738
THIS ORBIT AND SO SAW THEM AT

1395
00:46:14.738 --> 00:46:17.274
THIS DISTANCE AS WE DO OUR

1396
00:46:17.274 --> 00:46:19.777
SUBSEQUENT VENUS FLYBYS AND WE

1397
00:46:19.777 --> 00:46:21.078
GET THAT LITTLE BIT CLOSER AND

1398
00:46:21.078 --> 00:46:22.780
CLOSER EACH TIME AND THAT IS WHY

1399
00:46:22.780 --> 00:46:24.081
WE'RE PREDICTING WE WILL

1400
00:46:24.081 --> 00:46:26.083
ACTUALLY SEE THE SWITCHBACKS GET

1401
00:46:26.083 --> 00:46:28.852
LARGER IN APPLI TUDE AND

1402
00:46:28.852 --> 00:46:31.955
PROBABLY IN ENERGY AS WELL.

1403
00:46:31.955 --> 00:46:32.956
>> TAKE THIS AS WELL.

1404
00:46:32.956 --> 00:46:34.758
>> YES.

1405
00:46:34.758 --> 00:46:36.260
>> DARREN ON FACEBOOK WANTS TO

1406
00:46:36.260 --> 00:46:38.962
KNOW.

1407
00:46:38.962 --> 00:46:40.063
ARE YOU THINKING ABOUT WHAT IN

1408
00:46:40.063 --> 00:46:41.565
RUMENTS WE WANT ON THE NEXT

1409
00:46:41.565 --> 00:46:42.666
SOLAR PROBE?

1410
00:46:42.666 --> 00:46:47.171
IF.

1411
00:46:47.171 --> 00:46:52.276
>> MAYBE.

1412
00:46:52.276 --> 00:46:53.677
>> WE'LL GET RIGHT ON THAT.

1413
00:46:53.677 --> 00:46:55.679
BUT ACTUALLY, I MEAN, JOKING

1414
00:46:55.679 --> 00:46:56.680
ASIDE, THAT QUESTION IS ACTUALLY

1415
00:46:56.680 --> 00:46:59.683
A VERY GOOD QUESTION AND IT DOES

1416
00:46:59.683 --> 00:47:01.685
SHOW HOW NASA USES THE

1417
00:47:01.685 --> 00:47:03.187
INFORMATION WE GET FROM OUR

1418
00:47:03.187 --> 00:47:05.088
CURRENT MISSIONS TO REALLY BUILD

1419
00:47:05.088 --> 00:47:06.790
AND MOVE FORWARD TO THE NEXT

1420
00:47:06.790 --> 00:47:08.892
GENERATION OF INSTRUMENTS SO YOU

1421
00:47:08.892 --> 00:47:10.594
KNOW, PACKER SOLAR PROBE IS

1422
00:47:10.594 --> 00:47:12.396
GOING TO BE PROKED BY PROVIDING

1423
00:47:12.396 --> 00:47:13.897
THE PROFOUND THIS MEASUREMENTS

1424
00:47:13.897 --> 00:47:16.633
TO HELP US PREDICT OUR SPACE

1425
00:47:16.633 --> 00:47:18.936
WEATHER AND MAKE CONFIRMATION

1426
00:47:18.936 --> 00:47:20.938
IMPROVEMENTS ON THE ABILITY TO

1427
00:47:20.938 --> 00:47:22.239
PREDUCT THE SPACE WEATHER SO

1428
00:47:22.239 --> 00:47:23.440
THAT MEANS THE MONITORING

1429
00:47:23.440 --> 00:47:24.541
PROGRAM AND THE INFORMATION THAT

1430
00:47:24.541 --> 00:47:26.043
WE'RE GOING TO BE DOING AS WE

1431
00:47:26.043 --> 00:47:28.011
MOVE FORWARD IS VERY, VERY MUCH

1432
00:47:28.011 --> 00:47:30.013
IN FORKED BY PARKER SOLAR PROBE

1433
00:47:30.013 --> 00:47:31.715
SO WHETHER YOU KNOW, OUR

1434
00:47:31.715 --> 00:47:33.417
COMMUNITY DECIDES THAT PARKER

1435
00:47:33.417 --> 00:47:35.118
SOLAR PROBE IS THE THING WE

1436
00:47:35.118 --> 00:47:43.527
SHOULD GO AFTER AND BE BUILDING.

1437
00:47:43.527 --> 00:47:49.333
AND BY PARKER SOLAR PROBE.

1438
00:47:49.333 --> 00:48:03.747
I MEAN, THE IDEA IS 1958.

1439
00:48:03.747 --> 00:48:06.750
AND HAVING SPACECRAFT THREE

1440
00:48:06.750 --> 00:48:08.452
TIMES BE A EVERY TIME IT COMES

1441
00:48:08.452 --> 00:48:11.255
OUT IN SPACE IS STILL INSPIRED.

1442
00:48:11.255 --> 00:48:13.657
INSPIRING TO US AS A TEAM BUT IT

1443
00:48:13.657 --> 00:48:14.958
IS ALSO IN SPIRING TO OTHER

1444
00:48:14.958 --> 00:48:16.593
COMMUNITIES AS WELL AND IF YOU

1445
00:48:16.593 --> 00:48:16.994
LOOK.

1446
00:48:16.994 --> 00:48:18.996
IF YOU LOOK AT THE COMMUNITY,

1447
00:48:18.996 --> 00:48:20.497
THERE ARE CERTAIN IDEAS THAT A

1448
00:48:20.497 --> 00:48:23.300
FEW YEARS AGO WE THOUGHT WAS

1449
00:48:23.300 --> 00:48:26.703
IMPOSSIBLE.

1450
00:48:26.703 --> 00:48:28.472
THINKING ABOUT MISSIONS THAT ARE

1451
00:48:28.472 --> 00:48:33.877
STILL THERE.

1452
00:48:33.877 --> 00:48:36.179
>> I ASUIT.

1453
00:48:36.179 --> 00:48:37.681
>> IT IS INSPIRING.

1454
00:48:37.681 --> 00:48:39.683
>> WELL, THERE ARE A LOT MORE

1455
00:48:39.683 --> 00:48:41.385
ASK NASA QUESTIONS AND WE'LL

1456
00:48:41.385 --> 00:48:43.787
THROW THEM BACK TO THE APPLIED

1457
00:48:43.787 --> 00:48:45.489
FIS UKES LAB WHERE KAREN AND HER

1458
00:48:45.489 --> 00:48:46.790
CREW IS GOING TO ANSWER THEM.

1459
00:48:46.790 --> 00:48:50.594
KAREN, OVER TO TO YOU.

1460
00:48:50.594 --> 00:48:51.094
>> ALL RIGHT.

1461
00:48:51.094 --> 00:48:52.396
HELLO AGAIN.

1462
00:48:52.396 --> 00:48:55.599
WE HAVE A QUESTION ON TWITTER.

1463
00:48:55.599 --> 00:48:57.501
CAN WE SEND THE SPACECRAFT RUING

1464
00:48:57.501 --> 00:48:59.202
THE PITCHBACKS?

1465
00:48:59.202 --> 00:49:02.406
CAN WE ACTUALLY SEE THEM?

1466
00:49:02.406 --> 00:49:03.106
>> YEAH.

1467
00:49:03.106 --> 00:49:05.409
>> THAT IS YOU.

1468
00:49:05.409 --> 00:49:07.010
>> PARKER COL STARR PROBE IS FLY

1469
00:49:07.010 --> 00:49:08.412
THROUGH THE SWITCHBACKS EVERY

1470
00:49:08.412 --> 00:49:09.713
TIME IS CLOSE TO THE SUN.

1471
00:49:09.713 --> 00:49:11.315
THE CLOSE HET GITES TO THE SUN

1472
00:49:11.315 --> 00:49:13.817
THE VONG THE SWITCHBACKS GET.

1473
00:49:13.817 --> 00:49:14.718
WE CAN'T SEE THEM IN THE

1474
00:49:14.718 --> 00:49:16.553
PICTURES THAT WE GET BRACK TRE

1475
00:49:16.553 --> 00:49:18.255
SPACECRAFT BUT TWO OF THE

1476
00:49:18.255 --> 00:49:21.959
INSTRUMENTS THAT ARE ON PARK SAL

1477
00:49:21.959 --> 00:49:24.261
ARE SOLAR PROBES MEASURE THE

1478
00:49:24.261 --> 00:49:26.063
MAGNETIC FEEL AND THEN THE

1479
00:49:26.063 --> 00:49:27.631
ACTUAL PARTICLES AROUND THE

1480
00:49:27.631 --> 00:49:29.733
SPACECRAFT ACTUALLY DETECTING

1481
00:49:29.733 --> 00:49:31.234
THE SWITCHBACK BE A IN A WAY WE

1482
00:49:31.234 --> 00:49:32.536
CAN SEE THEM.

1483
00:49:32.536 --> 00:49:33.837
>> FANTASTIC.

1484
00:49:33.837 --> 00:49:34.538
>> THANK YOU.

1485
00:49:34.538 --> 00:49:36.740
>> NEXT UP IS FROM BRANDON ON

1486
00:49:36.740 --> 00:49:37.341
TWITTER.

1487
00:49:37.341 --> 00:49:40.143
THE SOLAR WIND CAN DAMAGE POWER

1488
00:49:40.143 --> 00:49:41.445
GRISED ON ETHER AND SATELLITES

1489
00:49:41.445 --> 00:49:42.746
IN THE ORBIT.

1490
00:49:42.746 --> 00:49:43.947
DOES THE PROBE NEED TO BE

1491
00:49:43.947 --> 00:49:45.749
PROTECTED AANCE THE SOLAR WIND

1492
00:49:45.749 --> 00:49:47.250
WHEN IT IS NEAR THE SUN?

1493
00:49:47.250 --> 00:49:48.952
>> THE WAY THE SOLAR WIND

1494
00:49:48.952 --> 00:49:51.955
DAMAGES THE POWER GRID HER ON

1495
00:49:51.955 --> 00:49:53.857
EARTH IS ACTUALLY IT US THE

1496
00:49:53.857 --> 00:49:55.158
MAGNETIC FIELD THAT COMES WITH

1497
00:49:55.158 --> 00:49:57.060
THE SOLAR WIND THAT MOVES THE

1498
00:49:57.060 --> 00:49:59.863
MAGNETIC FIELD AND THIS CAUSES

1499
00:49:59.863 --> 00:50:02.466
CURRENT TO BE GENERATED IN THIS

1500
00:50:02.466 --> 00:50:03.767
HE LONG POWER LINES WE USE FOR

1501
00:50:03.767 --> 00:50:05.869
THE POWER GRID AND THAT AFFECTS

1502
00:50:05.869 --> 00:50:06.970
THE SATELLITES.

1503
00:50:06.970 --> 00:50:07.671
THE THINGS THAT ARE MORE

1504
00:50:07.671 --> 00:50:10.374
DAMAGING TO SAT SATELLITES ARE

1505
00:50:10.374 --> 00:50:11.975
THE RADIATION, THE HIGH EN

1506
00:50:11.975 --> 00:50:13.877
MURPHY PARTICLES.

1507
00:50:13.877 --> 00:50:16.279
YES PARKER SOLERA PROBE DOES

1508
00:50:16.279 --> 00:50:18.181
NEED AND ESPECIALLY BLIT TO BE

1509
00:50:18.181 --> 00:50:19.483
ABLE TO TAKE HIGHER RADIATION

1510
00:50:19.483 --> 00:50:23.186
THAN MANY OTHER SPACECRAFT.

1511
00:50:23.186 --> 00:50:23.587
>> ALL RIGHT.

1512
00:50:23.587 --> 00:50:25.589
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

1513
00:50:25.589 --> 00:50:28.091
>> NEXT UP FROM TWITTER.

1514
00:50:28.091 --> 00:50:30.093
WHAT DO THE NEW FINDINGS HELP

1515
00:50:30.093 --> 00:50:33.096
UNITED STATESSER BANNS THE SUN?

1516
00:50:33.096 --> 00:50:34.598
>> THEY HELP US UNDERSTAND THE

1517
00:50:34.598 --> 00:50:36.500
SOLAR WIND AS IT IS FORMING NAR

1518
00:50:36.500 --> 00:50:37.200
THE SUN.

1519
00:50:37.200 --> 00:50:38.402
THIS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE THE

1520
00:50:38.402 --> 00:50:40.103
SOLAR WIND IMPACTS EARTH.

1521
00:50:40.103 --> 00:50:42.105
BUT A LOT OF THE THINGS WE SEE

1522
00:50:42.105 --> 00:50:43.407
IN THIS HE SOLAR WIND WHEN THEY

1523
00:50:43.407 --> 00:50:44.708
GET TO EARTH THEY ARE DIFFERENT

1524
00:50:44.708 --> 00:50:46.009
WHEN THEY ARE CLOSE TO THE SUN

1525
00:50:46.009 --> 00:50:47.911
AND SO BY UNDERSTANDING HOW THE

1526
00:50:47.911 --> 00:50:49.413
SOLAR WIND IS ACTUALLY FORMED

1527
00:50:49.413 --> 00:50:51.314
AND WHY THE CORONA IS SO HOT,

1528
00:50:51.314 --> 00:50:52.816
WE'RE HOPING TO BE ABLE TO BET

1529
00:50:52.816 --> 00:50:54.518
AREA INNER STAND THE ENVIRONMENT

1530
00:50:54.518 --> 00:50:55.819
AROUND THE EARTH ITSELF.

1531
00:50:55.819 --> 00:50:56.319
>> GREAT.

1532
00:50:56.319 --> 00:50:58.221
>> NEXT UP IS ONE WE DENLY GET A

1533
00:50:58.221 --> 00:50:59.022
LOT.

1534
00:50:59.022 --> 00:51:01.625
WHICH IS FROM TWITTER.

1535
00:51:01.625 --> 00:51:04.027
THIS DOES PARKER SOLAR PROBE

1536
00:51:04.027 --> 00:51:05.929
TAKE PICTURES OF THE SUN IN.

1537
00:51:05.929 --> 00:51:08.331
>> PARKER SOLAR PROBE HAS TWO

1538
00:51:08.331 --> 00:51:10.534
CAMERA BUS CANNOT TAKE PICTURES

1539
00:51:10.534 --> 00:51:11.435
OF THE SUN ITSELF.

1540
00:51:11.435 --> 00:51:12.836
WE'RE GETTING SO CLOSE THAT THE

1541
00:51:12.836 --> 00:51:14.438
SUN WOULD BURN OUT AND ANY

1542
00:51:14.438 --> 00:51:15.939
CAMERA WE COULD MAKE.

1543
00:51:15.939 --> 00:51:18.575
BUT WE ARE TAKING PICTURESES THE

1544
00:51:18.575 --> 00:51:20.577
ROAR PLANE THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE

1545
00:51:20.577 --> 00:51:22.079
SUN TOUGH THE SIDE AND THIS

1546
00:51:22.079 --> 00:51:24.381
SHOWS US THE STREAMERS THAT WE

1547
00:51:24.381 --> 00:51:25.882
SEE COMING OFF THE SUN AND THE

1548
00:51:25.882 --> 00:51:27.551
SOLAR WIND WE SEE COMING OFF THE

1549
00:51:27.551 --> 00:51:30.454
SUN AND SO, WE CAN SEE A LOT OF

1550
00:51:30.454 --> 00:51:31.855
STRUCK TURES WE ARE GOING TO FLY

1551
00:51:31.855 --> 00:51:33.557
THROUGH BECAUSE THE CAMPS ARE ON

1552
00:51:33.557 --> 00:51:34.858
THE FRONT END OF THE SPACECRAFT

1553
00:51:34.858 --> 00:51:37.060
AND EXTREMELY USEFUL AND

1554
00:51:37.060 --> 00:51:38.762
SCIENTIFICALLY INTERESTING BUT

1555
00:51:38.762 --> 00:51:40.664
TAKING A PICTURE OF THE SUN AS

1556
00:51:40.664 --> 00:51:43.266
CLOSE APPROACH WE CAN'T DO.

1557
00:51:43.266 --> 00:51:46.069
>> ALL RIGHT.

1558
00:51:46.069 --> 00:51:47.971
FACEBOOK ASKS HOW LONG US THE

1559
00:51:47.971 --> 00:51:49.272
MISSION ALL TOGETHER WITH

1560
00:51:49.272 --> 00:51:50.574
PLANNING, TRAVEL TIME AND

1561
00:51:50.574 --> 00:51:52.275
OBSERVATION?

1562
00:51:52.275 --> 00:51:54.177
>> SO PARKER SOLAR PROBE IS A

1563
00:51:54.177 --> 00:51:55.679
MISSION THAT ACTUALLY BEEN

1564
00:51:55.679 --> 00:51:57.180
PLANNED FOR FOR MORE THAN 50

1565
00:51:57.180 --> 00:51:57.681
YEARS.

1566
00:51:57.681 --> 00:51:59.182
WE HAVE SHOWN ABOUT THE

1567
00:51:59.182 --> 00:52:00.684
MYSTERIES OF THE SUN AND WE

1568
00:52:00.684 --> 00:52:01.985
WANTED TO GO THERE AND FIND OUT

1569
00:52:01.985 --> 00:52:03.286
WHAT THE ANSWERSES WERE BUT WE

1570
00:52:03.286 --> 00:52:04.788
DIN HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY.

1571
00:52:04.788 --> 00:52:06.490
THE SPACECRAFT ITSELF ACTUALLY

1572
00:52:06.490 --> 00:52:09.092
LAUNCHED IN 2018 AND GOING TO GO

1573
00:52:09.092 --> 00:52:12.095
THROUGH 2025 SO THAT IS SEVEN

1574
00:52:12.095 --> 00:52:14.798
YEARS AND DO SEVEN FLY BYES OF

1575
00:52:14.798 --> 00:52:16.933
VENUS AND 24 ORBITS AROUND THE

1576
00:52:16.933 --> 00:52:17.534
SUN.

1577
00:52:17.534 --> 00:52:18.635
>> GREAT.

1578
00:52:18.635 --> 00:52:19.536
>> WE HAVE A QUESTION THAT I

1579
00:52:19.536 --> 00:52:21.838
WILL ASK EACH OF YOU TO ANSWER

1580
00:52:21.838 --> 00:52:23.540
WHICH IS FROM EIGHTH GRADE EARTH

1581
00:52:23.540 --> 00:52:25.342
SCIENCE CLASS ON TWITTER.

1582
00:52:25.342 --> 00:52:26.443
THEY WANT TO KNOW WHAT THIS IS

1583
00:52:26.443 --> 00:52:29.012
BIGGEST SCIENTIFIC MYSTERY YOU

1584
00:52:29.012 --> 00:52:30.714
WANT TO SOLVE WITH PARKER SOLAR

1585
00:52:30.714 --> 00:52:31.214
PROBE.

1586
00:52:31.214 --> 00:52:32.415
YOU TAKE IT FIRST.

1587
00:52:32.415 --> 00:52:34.017
WELL, INSTRUMENTS I WORK ON

1588
00:52:34.017 --> 00:52:36.119
STUDY THE GERNIC PARTICLES THAT

1589
00:52:36.119 --> 00:52:38.221
COME OFF THE SUN AND ALMOST THE

1590
00:52:38.221 --> 00:52:39.523
SPEED OF LIGHT.

1591
00:52:39.523 --> 00:52:40.824
EVER ALL OF THESE YEARS OF

1592
00:52:40.824 --> 00:52:41.525
STUDYING THEM.

1593
00:52:41.525 --> 00:52:43.426
WE DON'T KNOW EXACTLY WHAT

1594
00:52:43.426 --> 00:52:45.529
ACCELERATING THEM AND YET THESE

1595
00:52:45.529 --> 00:52:47.030
ARE THE PARTICLES THAT ARE

1596
00:52:47.030 --> 00:52:48.632
DAMAGING TO SPACECRAFT AND EVEN

1597
00:52:48.632 --> 00:52:50.934
ASTRONAUTS AND IN ORBIT.

1598
00:52:50.934 --> 00:52:52.836
1:00 UNDERSTANDING THE

1599
00:52:52.836 --> 00:52:54.838
ACCELERATION HOW YOU GET THESE

1600
00:52:54.838 --> 00:52:57.340
PIECES OF AT TOMS MOVING UP TO

1601
00:52:57.340 --> 00:52:58.742
ALMOST THE SPEED OF LIGHT IS

1602
00:52:58.742 --> 00:53:00.443
REALLY WHAT I AM INTERESTING IN

1603
00:53:00.443 --> 00:53:02.145
SOLVING WITH THE POLL PARKER

1604
00:53:02.145 --> 00:53:04.347
SOLAR PROBE.

1605
00:53:04.347 --> 00:53:06.550
>> I AM GOING TO GIVE ONE CHANCE

1606
00:53:06.550 --> 00:53:07.951
TO ANSWER, TOO.

1607
00:53:07.951 --> 00:53:08.451
SURE.

1608
00:53:08.451 --> 00:53:10.153
SO I SAY THE SOLAR WIND.

1609
00:53:10.153 --> 00:53:12.756
I AM MOST INTERESTED IN THE

1610
00:53:12.756 --> 00:53:14.057
SWEEP AND FIELDS IN STREWMENTS

1611
00:53:14.057 --> 00:53:17.194
THAT STUDIED THE ACTUAL PARTICLE

1612
00:53:17.194 --> 00:53:18.695
KENS THE SOLAR WIND OF THE FIELD

1613
00:53:18.695 --> 00:53:20.797
SO WE ARE HOPING TO UNDERSTAND

1614
00:53:20.797 --> 00:53:22.999
THE ORIGINS OF THEOL A WIND AND

1615
00:53:22.999 --> 00:53:25.101
HOW IT IS ESCAPE HYUN IT EVOLVES

1616
00:53:25.101 --> 00:53:26.803
AS IT MOVES TOWARD EARTH.

1617
00:53:26.803 --> 00:53:27.571
>> FAN TAKE.

1618
00:53:27.571 --> 00:53:28.371
A THANS SOP.

1619
00:53:28.371 --> 00:53:29.873
>> WE RAILROAD GOING TO GO BACK

1620
00:53:29.873 --> 00:53:30.774
TO THE STUDIO.

1621
00:53:30.774 --> 00:53:31.875
THANKS SO MUCH.

1622
00:53:31.875 --> 00:53:33.176
>> THANK YOU.

1623
00:53:33.176 --> 00:53:35.679
>> THANKS, KAREN.

1624
00:53:35.679 --> 00:53:37.480
SO WE DISSED A LOT OF EXCITING

1625
00:53:37.480 --> 00:53:38.982
SCIENCE ABOUT THE SUN AND THAT

1626
00:53:38.982 --> 00:53:40.083
IS ONLY BEGINNING.

1627
00:53:40.083 --> 00:53:42.185
THE SCIENCE CAN HELP US

1628
00:53:42.185 --> 00:53:43.486
UNDERSTAND NOT ONLY THE

1629
00:53:43.486 --> 00:53:44.988
ENVIRONMENT IN THE SYSTEM WHICH

1630
00:53:44.988 --> 00:53:47.390
IS DONE BY THE SUN BUT HELP US

1631
00:53:47.390 --> 00:53:48.692
BOATER UNDERSTAND THE SCIENCE

1632
00:53:48.692 --> 00:53:50.794
AND THE STARSES IN THE UNIVERSE

1633
00:53:50.794 --> 00:53:52.395
AND WATCH A QUICK RECAP HEF

1634
00:53:52.395 --> 00:53:54.497
SCIENCE WE JUST LEARNED ABOUT.

1635
00:53:54.497 --> 00:53:56.399
FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER WE WERE

1636
00:53:56.399 --> 00:53:58.401
ABLE TO GO TO THE SOURCE OF THE

1637
00:53:58.401 --> 00:54:00.704
SOLAR WIND ANKLES HERE ARE FIVE

1638
00:54:00.704 --> 00:54:02.606
FEATURES THAT PARKER SAW.

1639
00:54:02.606 --> 00:54:06.109
WE LONG KNOWN THAT SPACE IS FULL

1640
00:54:06.109 --> 00:54:07.811
OF COS PICK DUST AND SEE THE

1641
00:54:07.811 --> 00:54:09.713
FRUST EARTH BECAUSE IT REFLECTS

1642
00:54:09.713 --> 00:54:10.213
SUNLIGHT.

1643
00:54:10.213 --> 00:54:11.915
PARKER SAW EVIDENCE OF THE DUST

1644
00:54:11.915 --> 00:54:15.719
STOPPED AT ESTIMATED THREE AND A

1645
00:54:15.719 --> 00:54:17.254
HALF MILLION MILES FROM THE SUN.

1646
00:54:17.254 --> 00:54:19.956
THE SUN VAPORIZES IT CREATING A

1647
00:54:19.956 --> 00:54:22.359
DUST-FREE ZONELING TO STAR.

1648
00:54:22.359 --> 00:54:23.860
AT EARTH IT APACERS THE HAG

1649
00:54:23.860 --> 00:54:25.562
NETTIC FIELD LINES FLOW ONLY

1650
00:54:25.562 --> 00:54:27.831
FROM THE SUN BUT PARKER SAW THEM

1651
00:54:27.831 --> 00:54:29.532
BEHAVE IN A SURPRISING WAY.

1652
00:54:29.532 --> 00:54:31.635
THE MAGNETIC FIELD LINES CLIP AT

1653
00:54:31.635 --> 00:54:33.436
A WHIP-LIKE MOTION TURNING

1654
00:54:33.436 --> 00:54:35.138
180DEGREES DEGREES AROUND IN A

1655
00:54:35.138 --> 00:54:36.840
MATH MATTER OF SECONDS THESE

1656
00:54:36.840 --> 00:54:38.742
SWITCHBACKS CAME IN CLUSTERS AND

1657
00:54:38.742 --> 00:54:40.744
WERE TIMED WITH FAST MOVING

1658
00:54:40.744 --> 00:54:42.646
CLUMS OF PLACE ZAN THE SOLAR

1659
00:54:42.646 --> 00:54:44.948
WIND.

1660
00:54:44.948 --> 00:54:46.249
THEY HAVE LONG WONDERED IF THE

1661
00:54:46.249 --> 00:54:47.951
SOLAR WIST GENERATED AS A

1662
00:54:47.951 --> 00:54:50.353
CONTINUOUS PLO OR IN SPURTS AM

1663
00:54:50.353 --> 00:54:51.655
WE SEE EVIDENCE THAT THE SOLAR

1664
00:54:51.655 --> 00:54:54.658
WIND HAS REGULAR TEXTURE.

1665
00:54:54.658 --> 00:54:58.061
THE MRS.MA ALSO SEEMS TO LACK

1666
00:54:58.061 --> 00:55:00.063
ORDERLY SENSE OF DIRECTION.

1667
00:55:00.063 --> 00:55:01.965
SOME CLUMS FIRE OUT TO SPACE

1668
00:55:01.965 --> 00:55:03.466
WHILE OTHERS FALL BACK TO THE

1669
00:55:03.466 --> 00:55:03.867
SUN.

1670
00:55:03.867 --> 00:55:05.568
THESE CLUM MACE BE STARTING THE

1671
00:55:05.568 --> 00:55:07.070
MAGNETIC FIELD CAUSING THE

1672
00:55:07.070 --> 00:55:08.171
SWITCHBACKS.

1673
00:55:08.171 --> 00:55:09.673
THEY MAY ALSO BE INDICATOR OF

1674
00:55:09.673 --> 00:55:11.374
WHAT THE SOLAR WIND LOOKS LIKE

1675
00:55:11.374 --> 00:55:13.376
IN THE EARLY STAGES AFTER ITS

1676
00:55:13.376 --> 00:55:15.478
BERTH ON THE SUN.

1677
00:55:15.478 --> 00:55:16.913
PARKER FOUND A TRANSITION POINT

1678
00:55:16.913 --> 00:55:18.715
IN THE SOLAR WIND.

1679
00:55:18.715 --> 00:55:21.017
THE CORONAS THE SUN'S FAINT

1680
00:55:21.017 --> 00:55:22.319
OUTER MOST LAYER THAT

1681
00:55:22.319 --> 00:55:24.921
TRANSITIONS TO THE SOLAR WIND.

1682
00:55:24.921 --> 00:55:26.823
BEFORE PARKER, SCIENTISTS KNEW

1683
00:55:26.823 --> 00:55:28.591
THE CORONA ROTATES WITH THE

1684
00:55:28.591 --> 00:55:30.293
VISIBLE SURFACE BELOW IT BUT

1685
00:55:30.293 --> 00:55:32.295
THEY DIDN'T KNOW HOW OR WHERE

1686
00:55:32.295 --> 00:55:33.596
THE SOLAR WIND SWITCHED TO

1687
00:55:33.596 --> 00:55:35.098
FLOWING STRAIGHT BY THE TIME IT

1688
00:55:35.098 --> 00:55:36.599
REACHES EARTH.

1689
00:55:36.599 --> 00:55:38.501
1:00 PARKER HAS FINALLY SPOTTED

1690
00:55:38.501 --> 00:55:40.003
SIGNS OF THIS TRAN DIGS AND THE

1691
00:55:40.003 --> 00:55:41.504
CHANGE-OVER HAPPENS

1692
00:55:41.504 --> 00:55:43.006
SIGNIFICANTLY FURTHER OUT THAN

1693
00:55:43.006 --> 00:55:45.108
EXPECTED.

1694
00:55:45.108 --> 00:55:46.609
ALTHOUGH THE SUN HAS BEEN VERY

1695
00:55:46.609 --> 00:55:48.611
QUIET OVER THE FIRST TWO ORBITS,

1696
00:55:48.611 --> 00:55:50.513
PARK ARE OBSERVED SEVERAL TINY

1697
00:55:50.513 --> 00:55:52.215
BURSTS OF SOLAR ENERGETIC

1698
00:55:52.215 --> 00:55:53.516
PARTICLES.

1699
00:55:53.516 --> 00:55:54.617
WHILE THESE EVENTS HAVE BEEN

1700
00:55:54.617 --> 00:55:57.220
SEEN BEFORE, OF THE ONES THIS

1701
00:55:57.220 --> 00:55:57.620
SMALL.

1702
00:55:57.620 --> 00:55:59.522
THE FAST MOVING PARTICLES ARE

1703
00:55:59.522 --> 00:56:02.125
THE MODEST BERTHS PREAD OUT AS

1704
00:56:02.125 --> 00:56:03.927
THEY NOVEMBER THE SUN MAKING

1705
00:56:03.927 --> 00:56:06.029
THEM UNDETECTABLE FROM EARTH.

1706
00:56:06.029 --> 00:56:09.032
WITHOUT PARKER'S FRONT ROW SEAT

1707
00:56:09.032 --> 00:56:10.533
WE WOULD NEVER KNOW THE SPRINS

1708
00:56:10.533 --> 00:56:13.636
DUESING THE SMALL SCALE EVENTS.

1709
00:56:13.636 --> 00:56:15.538
FAST MOVING PARTICLES A ARE A

1710
00:56:15.538 --> 00:56:16.873
SOURCE OF DANGEROUS RADIATION.

1711
00:56:16.873 --> 00:56:18.074
THE MORE WE LEARN ABOUT THESE

1712
00:56:18.074 --> 00:56:19.576
ERUPTIONS THE BETTER WE CAN

1713
00:56:19.576 --> 00:56:22.579
PROTECT THE TECHNOLOGY AND AND

1714
00:56:22.579 --> 00:56:23.480
ASTRONAUTS.

1715
00:56:23.480 --> 00:56:25.882
PARKER STILL HAS MORE WORK TO DO

1716
00:56:25.882 --> 00:56:27.384
BUT ALREADY HELPING US SEE THE

1717
00:56:27.384 --> 00:56:32.655
STAR IN A WHOLE NEW LIGHT.

1718
00:56:32.655 --> 00:56:34.157
>> WOW, THAT AILS THE TIME WE

1719
00:56:34.157 --> 00:56:34.758
HAVE TODAY.

1720
00:56:34.758 --> 00:56:36.059
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING

1721
00:56:36.059 --> 00:56:38.661
US.

1722
00:56:38.661 --> 00:56:40.964
NICKY AND NOUR, GIVE US FEW

1723
00:56:40.964 --> 00:56:42.165
QUICK FINAL THOUGHT ON THE

1724
00:56:42.165 --> 00:56:43.266
WONDERFUL MISSION.

1725
00:56:43.266 --> 00:56:46.069
>> WELL, THE DATA WE HAVE SO FAR

1726
00:56:46.069 --> 00:56:47.370
SHOWED CORONA.

1727
00:56:47.370 --> 00:56:49.773
SO MANY SURPRISES.

1728
00:56:49.773 --> 00:56:51.474
IF THERE IS ONE THING TO BE

1729
00:56:51.474 --> 00:56:52.776
CERTAIN OF, WE WOULD NEVER SEE

1730
00:56:52.776 --> 00:56:54.677
THE SUN AND THE WIND THE SAME

1731
00:56:54.677 --> 00:56:58.782
WAY IN 60 YEARS.

1732
00:56:58.782 --> 00:56:59.682
IT IS TEXTBOOK.

1733
00:56:59.682 --> 00:57:01.384
>> YEAH I WOULD SAY THAT PARKER

1734
00:57:01.384 --> 00:57:04.387
SOLAR PROBE IS CERTAINLY HOLDING

1735
00:57:04.387 --> 00:57:05.688
UP BEING THE COOLEST MISSION

1736
00:57:05.688 --> 00:57:07.590
UNDER THE SUN AND EXCITED BY ALL

1737
00:57:07.590 --> 00:57:09.793
OF THE RESULTS THAT WE HAVE SEEN

1738
00:57:09.793 --> 00:57:11.895
FROM TODAY AND OF COURSE THIS IS

1739
00:57:11.895 --> 00:57:13.997
JUST THE START AND THESE ARE THE

1740
00:57:13.997 --> 00:57:16.533
FIRST BIG PAPERS BUT BE HAVE A

1741
00:57:16.533 --> 00:57:19.135
LOT MORE SCIENCE TO DO UPCOMING

1742
00:57:19.135 --> 00:57:21.037
NEXT VENUS FLY BY

1743
00:57:21.037 --> 00:57:23.039
DECEMBER26th WHEN WE GO

1744
00:57:23.039 --> 00:57:24.541
CLOSE FOR THE SUN WITH THE NEXT

1745
00:57:24.541 --> 00:57:26.042
COUPLE OF ORBITS THEN ANOTHER

1746
00:57:26.042 --> 00:57:28.411
VENUS PLY PI AND WE KEEP GOING.

1747
00:57:28.411 --> 00:57:32.115
AND SO YOU KNOW, FOR THEISM'S

1748
00:57:32.115 --> 00:57:33.616
FIXES DY VUGS WE'RE EXCITED

1749
00:57:33.616 --> 00:57:35.718
ABOUT WELCOMING PARKER SOLAR

1750
00:57:35.718 --> 00:57:37.220
PHLEB THE FLEET AND GETTING

1751
00:57:37.220 --> 00:57:38.922
INCREDIBLE DATA ARE THE FIRST

1752
00:57:38.922 --> 00:57:40.223
TIME IN THE KEY REGION AND OF

1753
00:57:40.223 --> 00:57:43.726
COURSE, USING THESE DATA TO

1754
00:57:43.726 --> 00:57:46.529
SUPPORT OUR MISSIONS A WE GO

1755
00:57:46.529 --> 00:57:48.631
FORWARD TO THE MOON, MARS AND

1756
00:57:48.631 --> 00:57:49.332
BEYOND.

1757
00:57:49.332 --> 00:57:51.434
>> GAIN THANK YOU TO YOU BOTH

1758
00:57:51.434 --> 00:57:53.136
AND THANK YOU FOR WATCHING.

1759
00:57:53.136 --> 00:57:54.237
CONTINUE SENDING US YOUR

1760
00:57:54.237 --> 00:57:55.738
QUESTIONS ABOUT PARKER USING THE

1761
00:57:55.738 --> 00:57:58.541
HASHTAG ASK MASSES SA AND MAKE A

1762
00:57:58.541 --> 00:58:00.243
SPECIAL VIDEO WILL ANSWER THEM

1763
00:58:00.243 --> 00:58:01.544
AND POSTED TO THE NASA SOCIAL

1764
00:58:01.544 --> 00:58:03.646
MEDIA PAGES SO KEEP A LOOK OUT

1765
00:58:03.646 --> 00:58:04.047
FOR THAT.

1766
00:58:04.047 --> 00:58:06.649
PLUS, JOIN PARKER PEG,S AGAIN

1767
00:58:06.649 --> 00:58:09.052
TOMORROW AT 2:00 P.M. EASTERN

1768
00:58:09.052 --> 00:58:10.253
AND MORE RESULTS WILL BE

1769
00:58:10.253 --> 00:58:12.755
REVIEWED NEXT WEEK KNOWN AS THE

1770
00:58:12.755 --> 00:58:13.556
AGO.

1771
00:58:13.556 --> 00:58:15.058
THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

1772
00:58:15.058 --> 00:58:16.359
UNTIL NEXT TIME, DON'T LOOK AT

1773
00:58:16.359 --> 00:58:19.796
THE SUN BUT KEEP WATCHING IT.

1774
00:58:19.796 --> 00:58:20.196
♪

1775
00:58:20.196 --> 00:58:23.600
♪

1776
00:58:23.600 --> 00:58:24.267
♪