WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:30.497 --> 00:00:32.465 >> THIS HALLOWEEN NASA WILL TAKE 2 00:00:32.465 --> 00:00:36.770 YOU ON A JOURNEY TO THE DARKEST 3 00:00:36.770 --> 00:00:38.204 CORNERS. 4 00:00:38.204 --> 00:00:41.374 WHERE INVISIBLE FORCES DRAW 5 00:00:41.374 --> 00:00:44.911 GALAXY'S TOGETHER AS DARK ENERGY 6 00:00:44.911 --> 00:00:46.646 RIPS THEM APART AND TRAVEL THE 7 00:00:46.646 --> 00:00:50.750 WORLDS WITH UNIMAGINABLE 8 00:00:50.750 --> 00:00:56.189 CONDITIONS, PERILOUS TO HUMANS. 9 00:00:56.189 --> 00:01:05.432 WE'LL WE HEAR SOUNDS. 10 00:01:05.432 --> 00:01:05.999 STOP. 11 00:01:05.999 --> 00:01:07.067 LISTEN. 12 00:01:07.067 --> 00:01:09.069 LOOK UP. 13 00:01:09.069 --> 00:01:13.540 AND JOIN US FOR A TOUR OF OUR 14 00:01:13.540 --> 00:01:16.743 GALAXY OF HORRORS. 15 00:01:16.743 --> 00:01:20.246 (CACKLING LAUGH) 16 00:01:20.246 --> 00:01:21.915 >> HAPPY HALLOWEEN AND WELCOME 17 00:01:21.915 --> 00:01:24.717 TO SPECIAL HAIR RAISING EDITION 18 00:01:24.717 --> 00:01:26.519 OF NASA SCIENCE LIVE. 19 00:01:26.519 --> 00:01:28.922 I'M YOUR HOST SCOTT BEDNAR. 20 00:01:28.922 --> 00:01:30.757 THIS IS A SHOW ABOUT YOU BEING 21 00:01:30.757 --> 00:01:33.359 ABLE TO INTERACT WITH NASA 22 00:01:33.359 --> 00:01:34.160 SCIENTISTS AND GETTING YOUR 23 00:01:34.160 --> 00:01:35.495 QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 24 00:01:35.495 --> 00:01:37.397 IT'S EASY ALL YOU GOT TO DO IS 25 00:01:37.397 --> 00:01:38.698 GO TO ASK US A QUESTION USING 26 00:01:38.698 --> 00:01:41.401 THE #ASKNASA OR JUST LEAVE A 27 00:01:41.401 --> 00:01:42.802 QUESTION IN THE COMMENT BOX 28 00:01:42.802 --> 00:01:43.636 WHEREVER YOU'RE WATCHING THIS 29 00:01:43.636 --> 00:01:44.637 PROGRAM TODAY. 30 00:01:44.637 --> 00:01:47.373 SO, IT IS THE HALLOWEENS, THE 31 00:01:47.373 --> 00:01:48.608 DAY OF THE DEAD AND CELEBRATE 32 00:01:48.608 --> 00:01:50.376 THIS CHILLING HOLIDAY WE ARE 33 00:01:50.376 --> 00:01:52.745 TAKING YOU ON OUR TOUR OF OUR 34 00:01:52.745 --> 00:01:53.546 GALAXY OF HORRORS. 35 00:01:53.546 --> 00:01:55.982 FIRST, WE'LL START AT THE FAR 36 00:01:55.982 --> 00:01:57.917 REACHES OF THE MILKY WAY AND 37 00:01:57.917 --> 00:01:59.552 EXPLORE TERRIFYING PLANETS THAT 38 00:01:59.552 --> 00:02:00.620 ORBIT OTHER STARS. 39 00:02:00.620 --> 00:02:03.223 THEN, WE'LL COME A BIT CLOSER TO 40 00:02:03.223 --> 00:02:04.257 COME BY EXPLORING SOME OF THE 41 00:02:04.257 --> 00:02:05.992 WHO ARE EERIE ENVIRONMENTS IF 42 00:02:05.992 --> 00:02:07.894 OUR OWN SOLAR SYSTEM. 43 00:02:07.894 --> 00:02:10.363 HAVE YOU EVER HEARD RADIO WAVES 44 00:02:10.363 --> 00:02:11.898 FROM SATURN? 45 00:02:11.898 --> 00:02:12.632 YOU WILL TODAY. 46 00:02:12.632 --> 00:02:14.367 THEN WE'LL DIVE INTO THE DARK 47 00:02:14.367 --> 00:02:16.636 FORCES AT PLAY IN OUR UNIVERSE, 48 00:02:16.636 --> 00:02:18.404 DARK ENERGY AND DARK MATTER. 49 00:02:18.404 --> 00:02:19.839 WHAT ARE YOU WEARING TODAY? 50 00:02:19.839 --> 00:02:20.340 ME? 51 00:02:20.340 --> 00:02:24.544 WELL, I'M JUST A MAD SCIENTIST. 52 00:02:24.544 --> 00:02:26.546 DO YOU HAVE A SPACE OR SCIENCE 53 00:02:26.546 --> 00:02:28.014 THEME COSTUME YOU WANT TO SHARE 54 00:02:28.014 --> 00:02:28.448 WITH US. 55 00:02:28.448 --> 00:02:31.551 SEND US A PICTURE USING THE 56 00:02:31.551 --> 00:02:31.951 #NASACOSTUME. 57 00:02:31.951 --> 00:02:33.086 WE WANT TO SEE THEM ALL. 58 00:02:33.086 --> 00:02:34.721 I'M NOT THE ONLY ONE DRESSED UP 59 00:02:34.721 --> 00:02:35.421 HERE TODAY. 60 00:02:35.421 --> 00:02:38.525 THE WHOLE NASA LIVE DREW IS 61 00:02:38.525 --> 00:02:40.226 CRAWLING WITH CREEPY COST TOMBS. 62 00:02:40.226 --> 00:02:43.062 TAKE A LOOK. 63 00:02:43.062 --> 00:02:45.899 >> HAPPY HALLOWEEN! 64 00:02:45.899 --> 00:02:47.934 POSITIVELY GHASTLY. 65 00:02:47.934 --> 00:02:50.036 BEFORE WE GET KNEE DEEP INTO 66 00:02:50.036 --> 00:02:52.505 SOME SPOOKY SCIENCE WE WANT YOU 67 00:02:52.505 --> 00:02:53.806 TO HELP US DETERMINE THE 68 00:02:53.806 --> 00:02:55.475 SCARIEST IMAGE OF THE GALAXY. 69 00:02:55.475 --> 00:02:58.411 WE HAVE FOUR TERRIFYING PHOTOS 70 00:02:58.411 --> 00:02:59.879 AND WE NEED YOU TO HELP US VOTE 71 00:02:59.879 --> 00:03:01.748 ON WHICH IS THE MOST 72 00:03:01.748 --> 00:03:04.284 HALLOWEEN-RIFFIC OF THEM ALL. 73 00:03:04.284 --> 00:03:07.520 WE HAVE A CREEPY COFFIN SHAPED 74 00:03:07.520 --> 00:03:09.889 ICEBERG OF THE AFTER 18 YEARS IS 75 00:03:09.889 --> 00:03:11.457 A SEA IT ENTERED A REGION IN 76 00:03:11.457 --> 00:03:15.929 2018 WHERE ANTARCTIC ICEBERGS GO 77 00:03:15.929 --> 00:03:16.496 TO DIE. 78 00:03:16.496 --> 00:03:18.631 NEXT THIS FRIGHTENING SNAPSHOT 79 00:03:18.631 --> 00:03:20.200 OF AN ASTEROID. 80 00:03:20.200 --> 00:03:22.902 IN 2015 THIS CRANIUM-SHAPED 81 00:03:22.902 --> 00:03:25.338 BOULDER FLEW BY EARTH ON 82 00:03:25.338 --> 00:03:26.005 HALLOWEEN DAY. 83 00:03:26.005 --> 00:03:27.640 THIRDLY WE HAVE THIS SPICY IMAGE 84 00:03:27.640 --> 00:03:28.841 OF THE SIZZLING SUN. 85 00:03:28.841 --> 00:03:31.444 THESE BRIGHTER AND MORE ACTIVE 86 00:03:31.444 --> 00:03:32.946 REGIONS APPEAR TO BE PERFORMING 87 00:03:32.946 --> 00:03:36.015 A JACK O' LANTERNS FACE AND 88 00:03:36.015 --> 00:03:37.917 LASTLY BUT NOT THIS HAUNTING 89 00:03:37.917 --> 00:03:40.887 PORTRAIT OF THE RETCH IT RICH 90 00:03:40.887 --> 00:03:43.890 HEAD NEBULA SCREAMING BLOODY 91 00:03:43.890 --> 00:03:46.626 MURDER INTO THE REACHES OF 92 00:03:46.626 --> 00:03:47.193 SPACE. 93 00:03:47.193 --> 00:03:48.595 WHICH IS THE SPACIEST OF ALL. 94 00:03:48.595 --> 00:03:50.330 ALL YOU GOT TO DO IS GO TO 95 00:03:50.330 --> 00:03:53.933 TWITTER AND TYPE IN @ NASA AND 96 00:03:53.933 --> 00:03:55.335 VOTE AND WE'LL LET YOU KNOW 97 00:03:55.335 --> 00:03:59.405 WHICH IS THE WORST A LATER IN 98 00:03:59.405 --> 00:03:59.739 THE SHOW. 99 00:03:59.739 --> 00:04:02.041 NOW LET'S VENTURE BILLIONS OF 100 00:04:02.041 --> 00:04:04.043 MILES PAST THE BOUNDARY OF OUR 101 00:04:04.043 --> 00:04:05.378 SOLAR SYSTEM BEYOND PLUTO AND 102 00:04:05.378 --> 00:04:06.646 THE INFLUENCE OF OUR SUN TO 103 00:04:06.646 --> 00:04:08.314 LEARN ABOUT PLANETS THAT ORBIT 104 00:04:08.314 --> 00:04:10.283 OTHER STARS, ALSO KNOWN AS 105 00:04:10.283 --> 00:04:10.750 EXOPLANETS. 106 00:04:10.750 --> 00:04:12.752 AND UNLIKE OUR BEAUTIFUL EARTH 107 00:04:12.752 --> 00:04:14.320 NOT ALL OF THEM ARE VERY 108 00:04:14.320 --> 00:04:14.887 WELCOMING. 109 00:04:14.887 --> 00:04:15.755 ARE YOU READY? 110 00:04:15.755 --> 00:04:22.395 LET'S GO TAKE A LOOK. 111 00:04:22.395 --> 00:04:23.763 >> LURKING BEYOND OUR SOLAR 112 00:04:23.763 --> 00:04:25.698 SYSTEM AMONG THE BILLIONS OF 113 00:04:25.698 --> 00:04:28.301 STARS AND THE EXOPLANETS THAT 114 00:04:28.301 --> 00:04:31.170 ORBIT THEM, IS ANOTHER SORT OF 115 00:04:31.170 --> 00:04:33.006 MILKY WAY ALL TOGETHER, A PLACE 116 00:04:33.006 --> 00:04:35.241 OF UNEQUAL TEARERS. 117 00:04:35.241 --> 00:04:37.877 COME AT US NOW IF YOU DARE AND 118 00:04:37.877 --> 00:04:44.984 DISCOVER THE GALAXY OF HORRORS. 119 00:04:44.984 --> 00:04:46.486 FEEL THE RAINS OF TERROR, THE 120 00:04:46.486 --> 00:04:47.854 KILLERS YOU NEVER SEE COMING. 121 00:04:47.854 --> 00:04:50.423 WITH WINDS OF UP TO 5400 MILES 122 00:04:50.423 --> 00:04:53.026 PER HOUR. 123 00:04:53.026 --> 00:04:55.428 AND RAINS OF GLASS BLOWING 124 00:04:55.428 --> 00:04:55.895 SIDEWAYS AND. 125 00:04:55.895 --> 00:05:00.500 THE WEATHER IS HERE DEADLY. 126 00:05:00.500 --> 00:05:03.403 THIS HAZY BLOW TORCHED 127 00:05:03.403 --> 00:05:05.204 ATMOSPHERE IS RID TOLD WITH 128 00:05:05.204 --> 00:05:07.307 PARTICLES MAKING THIS AN 129 00:05:07.307 --> 00:05:09.375 UNEARTHLY DEATH TRAP NO ONE 130 00:05:09.375 --> 00:05:12.445 WOULD WANT TO FACE. 131 00:05:12.445 --> 00:05:14.781 DISCOVER THE ZOMBIE WORLD THAT 132 00:05:14.781 --> 00:05:18.718 EXISTS IN THIS HOSPITABLE PART 133 00:05:18.718 --> 00:05:22.055 OF THE GALAXY. 134 00:05:22.055 --> 00:05:30.797 POLTERGEIST PLANET. 135 00:05:30.797 --> 00:05:32.465 DESPITE ITS DEMISE THIS UNDEAD 136 00:05:32.465 --> 00:05:34.901 STAR SPINS TWIN BEAMS OF 137 00:05:34.901 --> 00:05:36.369 RADIATION THAT COULD INCINERATE 138 00:05:36.369 --> 00:05:38.538 A SPACE SHIFT FOOLISH ENOUGH TO 139 00:05:38.538 --> 00:05:39.605 VENTURE TOO CLOSE. 140 00:05:39.605 --> 00:05:41.374 EVEN IF YOU COULD MAKE IT TO THE 141 00:05:41.374 --> 00:05:43.710 SURFACE, YOUR NIGHTMARES WOULD 142 00:05:43.710 --> 00:05:45.144 CONTINUE AS THE RADIATION FROM 143 00:05:45.144 --> 00:05:47.547 THE ZOMBIE STAR RAINS DOWN ON 144 00:05:47.547 --> 00:05:50.016 PLANET POLTERGEIST AS WELL AS 145 00:05:50.016 --> 00:05:53.553 THEY ARE NEIGHBORING DEAD WORLD 146 00:05:53.553 --> 00:05:59.125 CREATING SICKLY AWARDS TO LIGHT 147 00:05:59.125 --> 00:06:01.427 UP YOUR CERTAIN DEATH. 148 00:06:01.427 --> 00:06:03.496 THESE ARE THE SAMPLE OF THE 149 00:06:03.496 --> 00:06:06.366 UNWELCOMING WORLDS THAT INHABIT 150 00:06:06.366 --> 00:06:12.572 OUR WORLDS GALAXY OF HORRORS. 151 00:06:12.572 --> 00:06:13.606 >> THAT WAS TERRIFYING. 152 00:06:13.606 --> 00:06:15.675 MAKE SURE TO DOWNLOAD YOUR 153 00:06:15.675 --> 00:06:17.043 GALAXY OF HORRORS TODAY AT A 154 00:06:17.043 --> 00:06:18.444 WEBSITE NEAR YOU. 155 00:06:18.444 --> 00:06:19.779 SPECIFICALLY 156 00:06:19.779 --> 00:06:22.915 EXOPLANETS.NASA.GOV. 157 00:06:22.915 --> 00:06:24.083 YOU DON'T NEED TO BE A SCIENTIST 158 00:06:24.083 --> 00:06:27.153 OR AN ENGINEER TO WORK AT NASA. 159 00:06:27.153 --> 00:06:27.687 LOOK AT ME. 160 00:06:27.687 --> 00:06:28.755 WE ARE GOING TO INTRODUCE YOU TO 161 00:06:28.755 --> 00:06:31.657 THE PLAGUED MINDS BEHIND THESE 162 00:06:31.657 --> 00:06:33.793 CHILLING WORKS OF DARK ART. 163 00:06:33.793 --> 00:06:35.194 LET'S HEAD OVER TO OUR FRIENDS 164 00:06:35.194 --> 00:06:37.830 ON THE WEST COAST AT THE JET 165 00:06:37.830 --> 00:06:41.067 PROPULSION LABORATORY. 166 00:06:41.067 --> 00:06:42.902 THALIA AND TIFFANY, HAPPY 167 00:06:42.902 --> 00:06:44.404 HALLOWEEN! 168 00:06:44.404 --> 00:06:47.373 >> SCOTT, OVER TO YOU. 169 00:06:47.373 --> 00:06:50.443 >> SO I AM THALIA RIVERA KHAN 170 00:06:50.443 --> 00:06:52.111 AND I'M JOINED BY TIFFANY 171 00:06:52.111 --> 00:06:54.113 KATARIA WHO IS AN EXOPLANET 172 00:06:54.113 --> 00:06:54.814 SCIENTIST. 173 00:06:54.814 --> 00:06:56.115 TIFFANY, WE JUST SAW THE 174 00:06:56.115 --> 00:06:56.416 TRAILER. 175 00:06:56.416 --> 00:06:57.383 LET'S TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT 176 00:06:57.383 --> 00:06:59.018 THE POSTERS. 177 00:06:59.018 --> 00:07:02.021 WE HAVE RAINED TERROR, CAN YOU 178 00:07:02.021 --> 00:07:03.022 TALK ABOUT THIS PLANET AND WHAT 179 00:07:03.022 --> 00:07:05.591 MAKES IT SO TERRIFYING? 180 00:07:05.591 --> 00:07:05.925 >> YEAH. 181 00:07:05.925 --> 00:07:10.730 THIS PLANET IS CALLED HD 182 00:07:10.730 --> 00:07:12.265 189773B. 183 00:07:12.265 --> 00:07:16.402 IT'S CALLED A HOT JUPITER. 184 00:07:16.402 --> 00:07:19.906 IT ORBITS CLOSER TO THE STAR. 185 00:07:19.906 --> 00:07:22.008 IT'S 10 TIMES CLOSE THAN IT IS 186 00:07:22.008 --> 00:07:22.842 ON THE SUN. 187 00:07:22.842 --> 00:07:24.610 IT'S SUPER, SUPER HOT. 188 00:07:24.610 --> 00:07:25.878 HOT ENOUGH THAT THE ROCKS WE 189 00:07:25.878 --> 00:07:29.449 FIND ON EARTH ARE HOT ENOUGH TO 190 00:07:29.449 --> 00:07:31.417 BE VAPORIZED AND RAINING OUT IN 191 00:07:31.417 --> 00:07:32.185 THE ATMOSPHERE. 192 00:07:32.185 --> 00:07:33.820 BECAUSE IT EXPERIENCES VERY HIGH 193 00:07:33.820 --> 00:07:37.557 WINDS WE EXPECT THIS RAIN, THESE 194 00:07:37.557 --> 00:07:38.925 RAINS OF GLASS BECAUSE THEY'RE 195 00:07:38.925 --> 00:07:40.893 SILL CAT PARTICLES, WE EXPECT 196 00:07:40.893 --> 00:07:46.399 THOSE PARTICLES TO BE DRIVEN 197 00:07:46.399 --> 00:07:47.800 SIDEWAYS FROM THE WIND. 198 00:07:47.800 --> 00:07:49.368 >> OUR SANTA ANA WINDS HAVE 199 00:07:49.368 --> 00:07:51.204 NOTHING ON THIS PLANET. 200 00:07:51.204 --> 00:07:51.904 >> ABSOLUTELY NOT 201 00:07:51.904 --> 00:07:53.973 >> LET'S TALK ABOUT OUR NEXT 202 00:07:53.973 --> 00:07:55.508 POSTER WHICH IS ZOMBIE WORLD. 203 00:07:55.508 --> 00:07:59.579 PSRB125712. 204 00:07:59.579 --> 00:08:00.780 CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT THESE 205 00:08:00.780 --> 00:08:05.051 PLANET ANDS MAKE WHAT THEM SO 206 00:08:05.051 --> 00:08:05.585 INHOSPITABLE. 207 00:08:05.585 --> 00:08:06.686 >> THIS IS SYSTEM FOR HALLOWEEN 208 00:08:06.686 --> 00:08:07.820 BECAUSE OF THE NAMES OF THE 209 00:08:07.820 --> 00:08:08.821 PLANETS AND THE STAR ARE 210 00:08:08.821 --> 00:08:10.590 ACTUALLY UNDEAD CREATURES. 211 00:08:10.590 --> 00:08:12.859 SO THE STAR IS CALLED LEECH AND 212 00:08:12.859 --> 00:08:14.293 TRAILER YOU SAW THE PLANETS ARE 213 00:08:14.293 --> 00:08:17.463 CALLED POLTERGEIST AND DRAGAR 214 00:08:17.463 --> 00:08:19.398 AND I'M FOR GETTING THE THIRD 215 00:08:19.398 --> 00:08:21.701 ONE. 216 00:08:21.701 --> 00:08:23.202 ALL OF THOSE ARE UNDEAD 217 00:08:23.202 --> 00:08:23.736 CREATURES ALREADY. 218 00:08:23.736 --> 00:08:26.873 SO CLIMBED FOR A HALLOWEEN 219 00:08:26.873 --> 00:08:27.840 POSTER. 220 00:08:27.840 --> 00:08:29.809 THEY'RE ORBITING A PULSAR. 221 00:08:29.809 --> 00:08:33.579 A DEAD STAR THAT IS ROTATING. 222 00:08:33.579 --> 00:08:35.982 ROTATING EVERY 6 MILLISECONDS 223 00:08:35.982 --> 00:08:37.850 AND SMALL AND HOT AND GIVING OFF 224 00:08:37.850 --> 00:08:40.386 ALL THESE RADIO EMISSIONS. 225 00:08:40.386 --> 00:08:43.956 VERY INHOSPITABLE TO LIFE. 226 00:08:43.956 --> 00:08:44.891 >> BRILLIANT. 227 00:08:44.891 --> 00:08:46.993 IT WAS A PLEASURE WORKING WITH 228 00:08:46.993 --> 00:08:48.027 YOU. 229 00:08:48.027 --> 00:08:49.762 REALLY ENJOYED IT. 230 00:08:49.762 --> 00:08:52.532 AMAZING TO SEE HOW IMPORTANT IT 231 00:08:52.532 --> 00:08:54.066 IS AND EXPLAINING THAT SCIENCE 232 00:08:54.066 --> 00:08:56.235 THAT CAN'T ALWAYS BE EXPLAINED 233 00:08:56.235 --> 00:08:57.069 VERY EASILY. 234 00:08:57.069 --> 00:09:01.140 CAN YOU TELL US HOW HAS FUN 235 00:09:01.140 --> 00:09:02.208 RESOURCES LIKE THESE PLANET 236 00:09:02.208 --> 00:09:04.610 POSTERS HELPED YOU EXPLAIN 237 00:09:04.610 --> 00:09:06.812 SCIENCE TO THE PUBLIC? 238 00:09:06.812 --> 00:09:08.848 PERSONALLY I'M PASSIONATE ABOUT 239 00:09:08.848 --> 00:09:11.017 BOTH ART AND SCIENCE SO IT'S AN 240 00:09:11.017 --> 00:09:12.018 AWESOME INTERSECTION. 241 00:09:12.018 --> 00:09:13.553 I LOVE -- WHAT I LOVE ABOUT 242 00:09:13.553 --> 00:09:15.788 THESE POSTERS THEY'RE ENGAGING 243 00:09:15.788 --> 00:09:17.356 NOT ONLY TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC 244 00:09:17.356 --> 00:09:20.660 BUT ALSO ASTRONOMERS AND SIGN 245 00:09:20.660 --> 00:09:22.361 ITS IT ACROSS THE BOARD EVEN 246 00:09:22.361 --> 00:09:23.863 PEOPLE WELL INTO EXOPLANET 247 00:09:23.863 --> 00:09:24.764 PLANET SCIENCE. 248 00:09:24.764 --> 00:09:26.632 IT'S NOT NICE NOT ONLY TO POINT 249 00:09:26.632 --> 00:09:29.001 OUT THE POSTERS FOR THE ARTISTIC 250 00:09:29.001 --> 00:09:30.236 ELEMENTS YOU BUT THE SCIENCE 251 00:09:30.236 --> 00:09:31.938 ELEMENTS INCORPORATED ARE LIKE 252 00:09:31.938 --> 00:09:33.906 LITTLE EASTER EGGS FOR PEOPLE TO 253 00:09:33.906 --> 00:09:34.206 FIND. 254 00:09:34.206 --> 00:09:35.641 THE SIZE OF THE PLANETS, IS THE 255 00:09:35.641 --> 00:09:36.809 PARTICLES IN THE SKY, ALL OF 256 00:09:36.809 --> 00:09:38.210 THOSE THINGS WE CAN DRAW FROM 257 00:09:38.210 --> 00:09:39.946 AND EXPLAINING NOT ONLY THE ARTS 258 00:09:39.946 --> 00:09:41.247 BUT ALSO THE SCIENCE THAT GOES 259 00:09:41.247 --> 00:09:44.083 INTO THESE PARTICULAR SYSTEMS. 260 00:09:44.083 --> 00:09:44.450 >> AMAZING. 261 00:09:44.450 --> 00:09:47.954 WE ARE GOING TO TAKE AN ASK NASA 262 00:09:47.954 --> 00:09:48.487 QUESTION. 263 00:09:48.487 --> 00:09:53.459 ZACK POWERS HERE ASKS, "SAY A 264 00:09:53.459 --> 00:09:55.294 PERSON ON ANOTHER PLANET FAR, 265 00:09:55.294 --> 00:09:57.530 FAR AWAY FROM ANOTHER GALAXY, 266 00:09:57.530 --> 00:09:59.498 CLEAR PICTURE OF EARTH, WHAT 267 00:09:59.498 --> 00:10:01.834 TIME PERIOD WAS THE PICTURE OF 268 00:10:01.834 --> 00:10:07.907 EARTH BE IN?" 269 00:10:07.907 --> 00:10:09.241 >> GREAT QUESTION. 270 00:10:09.241 --> 00:10:10.476 LIGHT TAKES TIME TO TRAVEL TO 271 00:10:10.476 --> 00:10:12.044 US, SO IN FACT WE'RE PEERING 272 00:10:12.044 --> 00:10:13.746 BACK IN TIME WHEN WE'RE 273 00:10:13.746 --> 00:10:15.982 RECEIVING TIME FROM AN EXISTING 274 00:10:15.982 --> 00:10:17.183 EXOPLANET PLANET SYSTEM. 275 00:10:17.183 --> 00:10:19.752 DEPENDING ON WHERE THAT OTHER 276 00:10:19.752 --> 00:10:21.253 DISTANT SYSTEM WAS LOOKING AT US 277 00:10:21.253 --> 00:10:22.622 THEY COULD BE PEERING INTO 278 00:10:22.622 --> 00:10:23.422 DIFFERENT TIME PERIODS. 279 00:10:23.422 --> 00:10:25.524 SOME GLACIAL AGE OR PRESENT DAY 280 00:10:25.524 --> 00:10:28.127 WHEN THE EARTH IS REALLY 281 00:10:28.127 --> 00:10:28.527 HOSPITABLE. 282 00:10:28.527 --> 00:10:30.463 IT COULD LOOK ANYWAY DEPENDING 283 00:10:30.463 --> 00:10:31.931 ON WHAT TIME THEY'RE PEERING 284 00:10:31.931 --> 00:10:33.265 INTO. 285 00:10:33.265 --> 00:10:34.000 >> AMAZING. 286 00:10:34.000 --> 00:10:36.502 WE HAVE TO ASK, CAN YOU TELL US 287 00:10:36.502 --> 00:10:37.937 WHAT IS GOING ON WITH YOUR 288 00:10:37.937 --> 00:10:39.405 OUTFIT AND HOW DOES IT HAVE TO 289 00:10:39.405 --> 00:10:40.640 RELATE TO EXOPLANETS? 290 00:10:40.640 --> 00:10:42.975 >> I'M GLAD YOU ASKED THALIA. 291 00:10:42.975 --> 00:10:45.244 THIS WIG HERE AND MY MAKE-UP 292 00:10:45.244 --> 00:10:46.345 REPRESENTS A TERMINATOR. 293 00:10:46.345 --> 00:10:50.016 SO I'VE GOT A REALLY HOT DAY ON 294 00:10:50.016 --> 00:10:51.517 THE RIGHT AND COLD NIGHT ON THE 295 00:10:51.517 --> 00:10:53.419 LEFT AND SO I TRIED TO MAKE THE 296 00:10:53.419 --> 00:10:55.488 MAKE-UP COMPANIES INCIDENT WITH 297 00:10:55.488 --> 00:10:57.189 THAT AND ALWAYS A GOOD 298 00:10:57.189 --> 00:11:00.026 OPPORTUNITY TO WEAR A CAT SPACE 299 00:11:00.026 --> 00:11:02.595 SHIRT. 300 00:11:02.595 --> 00:11:04.330 I WANTED TO ASK YOU ABOUT YOURS. 301 00:11:04.330 --> 00:11:05.598 >> I'M EVERYTHING AND ANYTHING. 302 00:11:05.598 --> 00:11:07.633 I I'M THE UNIVERSE AND I HAVE 303 00:11:07.633 --> 00:11:08.834 PLANETS HERE AND MY STARS HERE 304 00:11:08.834 --> 00:11:11.470 WHICH ONLY MAKE UP 5% OF IT AND 305 00:11:11.470 --> 00:11:13.506 REST IS DARK ENERGY AND DARK 306 00:11:13.506 --> 00:11:14.340 MATTER. 307 00:11:14.340 --> 00:11:15.541 WE'LL HEAD BACK TO THE STUDIO 308 00:11:15.541 --> 00:11:16.909 WITH YOU, SCOTT. 309 00:11:16.909 --> 00:11:17.777 THANK YOU SO MUCH. 310 00:11:17.777 --> 00:11:19.445 >> THANK YOU, BOTH. 311 00:11:19.445 --> 00:11:20.746 I UNDERSTAND THERE ARE BILLIONS 312 00:11:20.746 --> 00:11:22.915 AND BILLIONS OF PLANETS, 313 00:11:22.915 --> 00:11:23.949 EXOPLANETS IN THE KNOWN 314 00:11:23.949 --> 00:11:24.283 UNIVERSE. 315 00:11:24.283 --> 00:11:25.317 WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR YOUR 316 00:11:25.317 --> 00:11:26.652 WORK SCHEDULES? 317 00:11:26.652 --> 00:11:27.887 >> SO, THERE ARE BILLIONS AND 318 00:11:27.887 --> 00:11:29.255 BILLIONS OF PLANETS IN THE 319 00:11:29.255 --> 00:11:29.655 UNIVERSE. 320 00:11:29.655 --> 00:11:31.357 WHAT DOES THAT MEAN FOR OUR WORK 321 00:11:31.357 --> 00:11:31.724 SCHEDULE? 322 00:11:31.724 --> 00:11:33.592 FOR ME IT'S A LOT OF TRYING TO 323 00:11:33.592 --> 00:11:35.828 COMMUNICATE ALL OF THOSE WEIRD 324 00:11:35.828 --> 00:11:36.395 WORLDS OUT THERE. 325 00:11:36.395 --> 00:11:38.631 BUT FOR TIFFANY IT'S A LOT 326 00:11:38.631 --> 00:11:39.298 DIFFERENT. 327 00:11:39.298 --> 00:11:41.467 >> NEVER A DULL MOMENT. 328 00:11:41.467 --> 00:11:42.835 >> HAPPY HALLOWEEN TO BOTH YOU. 329 00:11:42.835 --> 00:11:44.503 YOU LOOK FANTASTIC. 330 00:11:44.503 --> 00:11:45.938 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH. 331 00:11:45.938 --> 00:11:48.240 >> BEFORE WE DIVE INTO THE 332 00:11:48.240 --> 00:11:49.909 SPOOKY MYSTERY OF DARK ENERGY 333 00:11:49.909 --> 00:11:52.111 AND DARK MATTER LET'S TALK 334 00:11:52.111 --> 00:11:52.645 PUMPKINS. 335 00:11:52.645 --> 00:11:54.080 WORKING AT NASA ISN'T YOU WILL 336 00:11:54.080 --> 00:11:54.747 SCIENCE AND MATH. 337 00:11:54.747 --> 00:11:56.248 IT CAN BE FUN AND GAMES TOO. 338 00:11:56.248 --> 00:11:58.117 FOR INSTANCE, I'M NOT ACTUALLY A 339 00:11:58.117 --> 00:11:59.985 STAR FLEET CAPTAIN. 340 00:11:59.985 --> 00:12:02.254 JET PROPULSION LABORATORY HOSTED 341 00:12:02.254 --> 00:12:04.223 THEIR ANNUAL EMPLOYEE PUMPKIN 342 00:12:04.223 --> 00:12:06.459 CARVING CONTEST AND OUR FRIEND 343 00:12:06.459 --> 00:12:08.928 KAITLYN SOARES HAS ALL THE 344 00:12:08.928 --> 00:12:09.261 DETAILS. 345 00:12:09.261 --> 00:12:11.630 LET'S GIVE THEM PUMPKIN TO TALK 346 00:12:11.630 --> 00:12:15.067 ABOUT ♪ 347 00:12:15.067 --> 00:12:17.336 >> EVERYBODY READY TO GO? 348 00:12:17.336 --> 00:12:20.172 >> OUR ANNUAL PUMPKIN CARVING 349 00:12:20.172 --> 00:12:31.650 CONTEST IS UNDERWAY. 350 00:12:31.650 --> 00:12:33.319 WHAT ARE YOU CARVING TODAY? 351 00:12:33.319 --> 00:12:33.586 >> 352 00:12:33.586 --> 00:12:37.256 >> WE'RE CARVING THE ADVANCED 353 00:12:37.256 --> 00:12:39.992 DEPLOYABLE STRUCTURES THE LAST 354 00:12:39.992 --> 00:12:42.261 10 YEARS PLUG INTO A PUMPKIN. 355 00:12:42.261 --> 00:12:43.329 >> WHAT ARE YOU WORK ON HERE 356 00:12:43.329 --> 00:12:43.796 TODAY? 357 00:12:43.796 --> 00:12:47.133 >> WE GOT OUR ROGUE ON VACATION 358 00:12:47.133 --> 00:12:51.170 TO OLYMPUS MONS THE LARGEST 359 00:12:51.170 --> 00:13:02.047 VOLCANO IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM. 360 00:13:02.047 --> 00:13:05.017 >> WHAT IS THE SCARECROW THERE? 361 00:13:05.017 --> 00:13:08.521 >> HE'S A BUTTERNUT SQUASH. 362 00:13:08.521 --> 00:13:10.456 >> WE TURN OR PUMPKIN INTO THE 363 00:13:10.456 --> 00:13:11.791 APOLLO LUNAR LANDER. 364 00:13:11.791 --> 00:13:13.058 SO WE GOT THE LANDER GOING DOWN 365 00:13:13.058 --> 00:13:15.161 AND WE ALSO HAVE REAL FOOTAGE OF 366 00:13:15.161 --> 00:13:17.963 THE MOON SHOWING UNDERNEATH IT. 367 00:13:17.963 --> 00:13:26.305 OUR JACK-O-LANDER LANDED SAFETY. 368 00:13:26.305 --> 00:13:27.807 >> DID YOU SEE THOSE PUMPKINS. 369 00:13:27.807 --> 00:13:29.775 I CAN'T EVEN PICK OUT A PUMPKIN 370 00:13:29.775 --> 00:13:33.979 WITHOUT HAVING A FULL BLOWN PAN 371 00:13:33.979 --> 00:13:36.649 PAN ATTACK. 372 00:13:36.649 --> 00:13:38.851 I'M JOINED BY TRUE NASA 373 00:13:38.851 --> 00:13:42.788 SCIENTIST REGINA AND DOMINIC. 374 00:13:42.788 --> 00:13:44.723 I WANT TO COMMEND YOU ON YOUR 375 00:13:44.723 --> 00:13:45.658 COSTUME WEARING. 376 00:13:45.658 --> 00:13:46.559 LOOKING WONDERFUL. 377 00:13:46.559 --> 00:13:48.327 >> THANK YOU. 378 00:13:48.327 --> 00:13:50.462 >> A QUESTION WE SHOULD START 379 00:13:50.462 --> 00:13:51.697 WITH, WHAT IS DARK MATTER AND 380 00:13:51.697 --> 00:13:54.166 WHAT IS DARK ENERGY? 381 00:13:54.166 --> 00:13:55.801 >> IT'S AN EXCELLENT QUESTION 382 00:13:55.801 --> 00:13:57.670 AND A GREAT WAY TO START. 383 00:13:57.670 --> 00:13:59.104 WHAT WE ACTUALLY DO KNOW ABOUT 384 00:13:59.104 --> 00:14:00.606 DARK MATTER. 385 00:14:00.606 --> 00:14:02.274 SO WE KNOW JUST LIKE NORMAL 386 00:14:02.274 --> 00:14:03.876 MATTER LIKE PUMPKINS AND 387 00:14:03.876 --> 00:14:07.713 PLANETS, BUT IT INTERACTS 388 00:14:07.713 --> 00:14:08.180 GRAVITY. 389 00:14:08.180 --> 00:14:10.182 THIS IS HOW WE FIRST DISCOVERED 390 00:14:10.182 --> 00:14:11.584 DARK MATTER. 391 00:14:11.584 --> 00:14:13.285 THERE IS ABOUT 5 TIMES MORE DARK 392 00:14:13.285 --> 00:14:15.387 MATTER OUT THERE THEN THERE IS 393 00:14:15.387 --> 00:14:16.188 REGULAR MATTER. 394 00:14:16.188 --> 00:14:17.556 HOWEVER ONE OF THE BIG 395 00:14:17.556 --> 00:14:18.724 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DARK MATTER 396 00:14:18.724 --> 00:14:21.160 AND REGULAR MATTER IS THAT DARK 397 00:14:21.160 --> 00:14:22.695 MATTER DOESN'T INTERACT WITH 398 00:14:22.695 --> 00:14:24.730 LIGHT OR FOE TONS. 399 00:14:24.730 --> 00:14:25.865 SO WE CAN'T SEE IT. 400 00:14:25.865 --> 00:14:30.236 WHICH IS WHY WE CALL IT, 401 00:14:30.236 --> 00:14:31.470 DARK. 402 00:14:31.470 --> 00:14:32.538 >> WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT DARK 403 00:14:32.538 --> 00:14:35.941 ENERGY IS ABOUT 2/3 OF THE TOTAL 404 00:14:35.941 --> 00:14:37.076 MASS AND ENERGY IN THE UNIVERSE 405 00:14:37.076 --> 00:14:38.544 IS IN THE FORM OF DARK ENERGY 406 00:14:38.544 --> 00:14:39.845 AND BEYOND THAT WE ACTUALLY 407 00:14:39.845 --> 00:14:40.813 DON'T KNOW VERY MUCH. 408 00:14:40.813 --> 00:14:42.414 AND SCOTT, THE OLDEST AND 409 00:14:42.414 --> 00:14:43.682 STRONGEST FEAR IS FEAR OF THE 410 00:14:43.682 --> 00:14:46.051 UNKNOWN AND ONE OF THE THINGS WE 411 00:14:46.051 --> 00:14:47.653 DO KNOW IS THAT THERE ARE 412 00:14:47.653 --> 00:14:48.854 BILLIONS OF DARK MATTER 413 00:14:48.854 --> 00:14:50.256 PARTICLES FLOODING THROUGH YOUR 414 00:14:50.256 --> 00:14:51.423 BODY AT THIS VERY MOMENT AND 415 00:14:51.423 --> 00:14:53.893 THAT DARK ENERGY DIFFUSES 416 00:14:53.893 --> 00:14:55.828 EVERYTHING AROUND US INCLUDING 417 00:14:55.828 --> 00:14:58.397 OURSELVES AND OUR OWN BODY. 418 00:14:58.397 --> 00:15:00.399 THEY MAY CHANGE WITH TIME. 419 00:15:00.399 --> 00:15:01.667 BILLIONS FLOODING THROUGH ME 420 00:15:01.667 --> 00:15:06.305 RIGHT NOW. 421 00:15:06.305 --> 00:15:07.473 >> YOU'RE TELLING ME THAT DARK 422 00:15:07.473 --> 00:15:09.141 MATTER AND DARK ENERGY IS PRETTY 423 00:15:09.141 --> 00:15:11.043 MUCH INVISIBLE OR IMPOSSIBLE TO 424 00:15:11.043 --> 00:15:11.343 SEE. 425 00:15:11.343 --> 00:15:13.078 HOW DO WE KNOW IT EXISTS? 426 00:15:13.078 --> 00:15:15.414 HOW DO YOU MEASURE SOMETHING YOU 427 00:15:15.414 --> 00:15:16.315 CAN'T SEE? 428 00:15:16.315 --> 00:15:17.983 >> THAT IS A GREAT QUESTION AND 429 00:15:17.983 --> 00:15:19.752 SOMETHING WE'RE TRYING TO DO TO 430 00:15:19.752 --> 00:15:21.553 MEASURE WHAT DARK MATTER IS AND 431 00:15:21.553 --> 00:15:22.421 WHERE IT IS. 432 00:15:22.421 --> 00:15:24.223 ONE OF THE THINGS WE DO IS WE 433 00:15:24.223 --> 00:15:26.325 GET -- WE HAVE A THEORY AS TO 434 00:15:26.325 --> 00:15:27.927 WHAT DARK MATTER COULD BE. 435 00:15:27.927 --> 00:15:30.963 IF DARK MATTER IS A WEEKLY 436 00:15:30.963 --> 00:15:32.231 INTERACTING MASSIVE PARTICLE, IT 437 00:15:32.231 --> 00:15:35.534 COULD ANNIHILATE TOGETHER IN THE 438 00:15:35.534 --> 00:15:37.036 UNIVERSE THEREFORE FORMING OTHER 439 00:15:37.036 --> 00:15:38.237 KINDS OF MATTER THAT WE COULD 440 00:15:38.237 --> 00:15:41.740 ACTUALLY OBSERVE LIKE PHOTONS. 441 00:15:41.740 --> 00:15:44.877 THIS IS ONE OF THE WAYS THAT THE 442 00:15:44.877 --> 00:15:46.912 GAMMA OBSERVATORY SEARCHES FOR 443 00:15:46.912 --> 00:15:48.981 DARK MATTER. 444 00:15:48.981 --> 00:15:50.382 >> WE MOSTLY UNDERSTAND WHAT IT 445 00:15:50.382 --> 00:15:52.318 IS BY LOOKING AT HOW IT AFFECTS 446 00:15:52.318 --> 00:15:53.352 EVERYTHING ELSE IN THE UNIVERSE 447 00:15:53.352 --> 00:15:54.987 AND THE UNIVERSE AS A WHOLE. 448 00:15:54.987 --> 00:15:57.089 DARK ENERGY HAS A REPULSIVE 449 00:15:57.089 --> 00:15:57.389 EFFECT. 450 00:15:57.389 --> 00:15:58.857 IT PUSHES EVERYTHING AWAY FROM 451 00:15:58.857 --> 00:15:59.425 EVERYTHING ELSE. 452 00:15:59.425 --> 00:16:01.427 IT PUSHES SPACE AWAY FROM ITSELF 453 00:16:01.427 --> 00:16:10.569 AND ALL THE GALAXIES AND WE WANT 454 00:16:10.569 --> 00:16:12.104 TO UNDERSTAND WHY IT'S DOING 455 00:16:12.104 --> 00:16:14.373 THAT AND WHAT IT'S GOING TO DO 456 00:16:14.373 --> 00:16:15.541 TO US IN THE FUTURE. 457 00:16:15.541 --> 00:16:16.475 >> YOU'RE TELLING ME THAT DARK 458 00:16:16.475 --> 00:16:18.043 ENERGY IS EXPANDING THE UNIVERSE 459 00:16:18.043 --> 00:16:19.611 AND THE DARK MATTER IS PULLING 460 00:16:19.611 --> 00:16:20.079 IT TOGETHER. 461 00:16:20.079 --> 00:16:21.880 THAT SOUNDS KIND OF 462 00:16:21.880 --> 00:16:23.248 CONTRADICTORY TO EACH OTHER. 463 00:16:23.248 --> 00:16:23.749 >> EXACTLY. 464 00:16:23.749 --> 00:16:25.317 DARK MATTER JUST LIKE REGULAR 465 00:16:25.317 --> 00:16:27.419 MATTER IS AN ATTRACTIVE FORCE. 466 00:16:27.419 --> 00:16:30.456 SO IT INTERACTS VIA GRAVITY BY 467 00:16:30.456 --> 00:16:31.490 PULLING THINGS TOGETHER. 468 00:16:31.490 --> 00:16:32.658 >> WHEN THE UNIVERSE WAS VERY, 469 00:16:32.658 --> 00:16:34.793 VERY YOUNG, DARK ENERGY WAS 470 00:16:34.793 --> 00:16:35.761 INSIGNIFICANT AND DARK MATTER 471 00:16:35.761 --> 00:16:36.495 WAS MORE IMPORTANT. 472 00:16:36.495 --> 00:16:38.197 SO THE UNIVERSE WAS EXPANDING 473 00:16:38.197 --> 00:16:40.032 AFTER THE BIG BANG AND THE DARK 474 00:16:40.032 --> 00:16:43.569 MATTER'S GRAVITY PULLED IT BACK 475 00:16:43.569 --> 00:16:44.203 IN. 476 00:16:44.203 --> 00:16:46.772 THAT WORKED FOR ABOUT 8 BILLION 477 00:16:46.772 --> 00:16:49.274 YEARS OR SO AND VERBALLY DARK 478 00:16:49.274 --> 00:16:51.343 ENERGY BECAME MORE IMPORTANT AND 479 00:16:51.343 --> 00:16:52.878 MORE DOMINANT AND STARTED TO 480 00:16:52.878 --> 00:16:54.046 ACCELERATE THE UNIVERSE AGAIN. 481 00:16:54.046 --> 00:16:56.982 SO THE UNIVERSE'S EXPANSION HAS 482 00:16:56.982 --> 00:16:58.484 BEEN SPEEDING UP AS IT GOES. 483 00:16:58.484 --> 00:16:59.852 >> DARK ENERGY IN THE LEAD. 484 00:16:59.852 --> 00:17:00.753 >> IT IS FOR RIGHT NOW. 485 00:17:00.753 --> 00:17:02.054 WHAT WE DON'T KNOW IS WHETHER 486 00:17:02.054 --> 00:17:02.988 DARK ENERGY CONTINUES IN THE 487 00:17:02.988 --> 00:17:04.723 LEAD OR WHETHER IT CHANGES. 488 00:17:04.723 --> 00:17:07.659 WE BELIEVE THAT THE SIMPLEST 489 00:17:07.659 --> 00:17:08.727 EXPLANATION IS SOMETHING THAT IS 490 00:17:08.727 --> 00:17:11.964 CONSTANT EVERYWHERE IN SPACE AND 491 00:17:11.964 --> 00:17:13.832 ALL TIMES AND AS THE SOON VERSE 492 00:17:13.832 --> 00:17:16.168 GETS BIGGER THERE IS MORE DARK 493 00:17:16.168 --> 00:17:17.036 ENERGY IN THE UNIVERSE. 494 00:17:17.036 --> 00:17:18.470 BUT WE COULD BE SEEING AN EFFECT 495 00:17:18.470 --> 00:17:21.573 THAT ACTUALLY IS DIFFERENT WITH 496 00:17:21.573 --> 00:17:22.808 SPACE AND TIME AND IT COULD BE 497 00:17:22.808 --> 00:17:24.443 THAT IT A HE EVOLVING AND 498 00:17:24.443 --> 00:17:26.045 UNIVERSE MIGHT ACCELERATE MORE 499 00:17:26.045 --> 00:17:26.945 OR LESS. 500 00:17:26.945 --> 00:17:28.313 WE HAVE TO LOOK BACK IN TIME TO 501 00:17:28.313 --> 00:17:29.715 UNDERSTAND WHAT HAS HAPPENED SO 502 00:17:29.715 --> 00:17:31.517 THAT WE KNOW WHAT WILL HAPPEN. 503 00:17:31.517 --> 00:17:33.919 >> IT'S ALL SO CONFUSING. 504 00:17:33.919 --> 00:17:36.088 LET'S MOVING TO THE ASK NASA 505 00:17:36.088 --> 00:17:38.123 SEGMENT WHERE WE GET TO ANSWER 506 00:17:38.123 --> 00:17:39.792 QUESTIONS SENT IN BY YOU. 507 00:17:39.792 --> 00:17:41.293 IF YOU WANT YOUR QUESTIONS 508 00:17:41.293 --> 00:17:50.969 ANSWERED BY REGINA OR DOMINIC 509 00:17:50.969 --> 00:17:58.977 ASK TO ASK NASA. 510 00:17:58.977 --> 00:18:00.813 >> ELIZABETH ON TWITTER WANTS TO 511 00:18:00.813 --> 00:18:02.081 KNOW WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THE 512 00:18:02.081 --> 00:18:03.782 FUTURE OF THE UNIVERSE IN 513 00:18:03.782 --> 00:18:05.551 REGARDS TO DARK ENERGY AND DARK 514 00:18:05.551 --> 00:18:06.118 MATTER? 515 00:18:06.118 --> 00:18:09.688 >> THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION. 516 00:18:09.688 --> 00:18:10.756 I WISH WE KNEW THE ANSWER. 517 00:18:10.756 --> 00:18:12.157 THAT'S ONE OF THE REASONS WHY 518 00:18:12.157 --> 00:18:13.892 WE'RE LAUNCHING NEW TELESCOPES 519 00:18:13.892 --> 00:18:15.127 TO TRY TO UNDERSTAND WHAT'S 520 00:18:15.127 --> 00:18:16.528 GOING TO HAPPEN IN THE FUTURE OF 521 00:18:16.528 --> 00:18:16.929 THE UNIVERSE. 522 00:18:16.929 --> 00:18:17.463 >> THAT'S TRUE. 523 00:18:17.463 --> 00:18:19.031 WE DON'T KNOW WHAT IS GOING TO 524 00:18:19.031 --> 00:18:19.331 HAPPEN. 525 00:18:19.331 --> 00:18:21.433 BUT WE KNOW WHICH KINDS OF 526 00:18:21.433 --> 00:18:22.301 SCENARIOS ARE POSSIBLE. 527 00:18:22.301 --> 00:18:24.503 IF DARK MATTER ENDS UP BEING THE 528 00:18:24.503 --> 00:18:25.737 DOMINANT COMPONENT OF THE 529 00:18:25.737 --> 00:18:27.706 UNIVERSE THEN THAT ACCELERATION 530 00:18:27.706 --> 00:18:29.741 I SPOKE OF WILL REVERSE AND 531 00:18:29.741 --> 00:18:32.177 EVENTUALLY IT WILL COME BACK. 532 00:18:32.177 --> 00:18:35.714 IT IF IS IMPERFECTLY IMBALANCED 533 00:18:35.714 --> 00:18:37.516 IT EXPANDS FOREVER BUT EXPANDS 534 00:18:37.516 --> 00:18:39.551 MORE AND MORE SLOWLY AS UNIVERSE 535 00:18:39.551 --> 00:18:39.985 AGES. 536 00:18:39.985 --> 00:18:40.719 ON THE OTHER HAND, IF DARK 537 00:18:40.719 --> 00:18:42.154 ENERGY THE PART THAT WINS AND IF 538 00:18:42.154 --> 00:18:44.289 IT IS ACCELERATING IT FASTER AND 539 00:18:44.289 --> 00:18:45.858 FASTER WITH TIME THEN EVENTUALLY 540 00:18:45.858 --> 00:18:47.559 IT TEARS APART THE UNIVERSE AND 541 00:18:47.559 --> 00:18:50.229 THE GALAXIES AND THEN THE SOLAR 542 00:18:50.229 --> 00:18:51.230 SYSTEMS AND THEN THE PLANET ALL 543 00:18:51.230 --> 00:18:52.965 THE WAY DOWN TO THE ATOMS UNTIL 544 00:18:52.965 --> 00:18:54.933 IT RIPS APART SPACE ITSELF. 545 00:18:54.933 --> 00:18:56.135 WE A GREAT NAME FOR IT. 546 00:18:56.135 --> 00:18:59.037 WE CALL THIS THE BIG RIP. 547 00:18:59.037 --> 00:19:00.506 THEN IN THE OTHER DIRECTION 548 00:19:00.506 --> 00:19:01.907 WHERE IT GOES THE OTHER WAY THE 549 00:19:01.907 --> 00:19:04.009 BIG CRUNCH WHERE EVERYTHING HE 550 00:19:04.009 --> 00:19:07.212 NESTLES BACK DOWN INTO A 551 00:19:07.212 --> 00:19:09.615 SINGULARITY WHERE IT'S THE END 552 00:19:09.615 --> 00:19:10.415 OF SOMETIME. 553 00:19:10.415 --> 00:19:14.219 THIS WON'T HAPPEN TENS OF 554 00:19:14.219 --> 00:19:14.953 MILLIONS OF YEARS. 555 00:19:14.953 --> 00:19:17.990 SO DON'T WORRY. 556 00:19:17.990 --> 00:19:19.324 >> JESSE WANTS TO KNOW ON 557 00:19:19.324 --> 00:19:21.059 FACEBOOK, IF THE UNIVERSE IS 558 00:19:21.059 --> 00:19:23.562 EXPANDING WHAT IS IT EXPANDING 559 00:19:23.562 --> 00:19:24.263 INTO? 560 00:19:24.263 --> 00:19:26.665 WHAT'S ON THE OTHER SIDE? 561 00:19:26.665 --> 00:19:27.566 >> THIS IS A QUESTION WE LOVE TO 562 00:19:27.566 --> 00:19:28.500 GET. 563 00:19:28.500 --> 00:19:30.102 IT'S GOOD THAT JESSE ASKED THAT 564 00:19:30.102 --> 00:19:31.270 BECAUSE IT GIVES US AN 565 00:19:31.270 --> 00:19:32.304 OPPORTUNITY TO TRY TO ANSWER 566 00:19:32.304 --> 00:19:34.806 SOMETHING THAT'S DIFFICULT TO 567 00:19:34.806 --> 00:19:35.340 CONCEPTUALIZE. 568 00:19:35.340 --> 00:19:37.976 I WOULD SUGGEST BY SAYING IT'S 569 00:19:37.976 --> 00:19:40.012 NOT EXPANDING INTO ANYTHING. 570 00:19:40.012 --> 00:19:42.814 IT'S AN EXPANSION OF SPACE AS 571 00:19:42.814 --> 00:19:44.516 SPACE EXPANDS IT'S PUSHING AWAY 572 00:19:44.516 --> 00:19:47.152 FROM ITSELF BUT IT'S EVERYWHERE. 573 00:19:47.152 --> 00:19:48.253 EVERY PART OF SPACE IS MOVE 574 00:19:48.253 --> 00:19:51.190 APART. 575 00:19:51.190 --> 00:19:55.294 >> I SO WANT TO KNOW, WE KNOW 576 00:19:55.294 --> 00:19:57.963 SOME STUFF ABOUT DARK MATTER AND 577 00:19:57.963 --> 00:19:58.497 DARK ENERGY. 578 00:19:58.497 --> 00:19:59.698 WHAT'S IN THE WORKS IN THE 579 00:19:59.698 --> 00:20:00.065 FUTURE? 580 00:20:00.065 --> 00:20:01.233 >> THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION. 581 00:20:01.233 --> 00:20:02.701 SO, ONE OF THE BIG QUESTIONS 582 00:20:02.701 --> 00:20:05.103 THAT WE TRY TO ANSWER IS HOW DO 583 00:20:05.103 --> 00:20:06.004 WE UNDERSTAND THESE QUESTIONS 584 00:20:06.004 --> 00:20:08.607 THAT WE KNOW EXIST BUT WE DON'T 585 00:20:08.607 --> 00:20:10.809 QUITE HAVE ALL THE ANSWERS YET 586 00:20:10.809 --> 00:20:13.812 FOR AND THAT'S BY DEVELOPING NEW 587 00:20:13.812 --> 00:20:15.180 TELESCOPES AND WAYS OF STUDYING 588 00:20:15.180 --> 00:20:15.480 THEM. 589 00:20:15.480 --> 00:20:17.983 I WORK ON FUTURE GAMMA RAY 590 00:20:17.983 --> 00:20:19.051 MISSIONS TO TRY TO LOOK FOR 591 00:20:19.051 --> 00:20:23.188 EVIDENCE OF DARK MATTER EYE 592 00:20:23.188 --> 00:20:24.256 ANNIHILATION IN THE UNIVERSE AND 593 00:20:24.256 --> 00:20:25.591 THAT'S ONE WAY OF UNDERSTANDING 594 00:20:25.591 --> 00:20:26.291 WHAT IT IS. 595 00:20:26.291 --> 00:20:27.859 >> YOU WORKED ON ONE OF THE 596 00:20:27.859 --> 00:20:29.061 PRIME TOOLS THAT WE HAVE RIGHT 597 00:20:29.061 --> 00:20:32.631 NOW FOR MEASURING DARK MATTER 598 00:20:32.631 --> 00:20:34.366 AND ONE OF THE TOOLS RIGHT NOW 599 00:20:34.366 --> 00:20:36.001 WE HAVE IS HUBBLE SPACE 600 00:20:36.001 --> 00:20:37.236 TELESCOPE BUT I WORK ON A 601 00:20:37.236 --> 00:20:38.770 MISSION CALLED WFIRST WHICH IS 602 00:20:38.770 --> 00:20:42.674 PLANNED ON PLANNED ON TAKING IT 603 00:20:42.674 --> 00:20:43.842 A STEP FURTHER. 604 00:20:43.842 --> 00:20:48.580 MAKES PICTURES 100 TIMES FASTER 605 00:20:48.580 --> 00:20:50.349 AND 1,000 TIMES FASTER AS IT 606 00:20:50.349 --> 00:20:54.353 PULLS GALAXY TOGETHER AND 607 00:20:54.353 --> 00:20:55.387 SCHEDULED TO LAUNCH IN THE 608 00:20:55.387 --> 00:20:57.289 MIDDLE OF NEXT DECADE AND 609 00:20:57.289 --> 00:20:58.890 PROVIDE A LOT OF DATA WE NEED TO 610 00:20:58.890 --> 00:20:59.524 ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. 611 00:20:59.524 --> 00:21:01.193 >> A LOT TO LOOK FORWARD TO. 612 00:21:01.193 --> 00:21:03.962 BACK TO YOUR ASK NASA QUESTIONS. 613 00:21:03.962 --> 00:21:05.464 BONNIE WALKER ON FACEBOOK ASKS, 614 00:21:05.464 --> 00:21:07.966 HOW CAN YOU TELL DARK MATTER OR 615 00:21:07.966 --> 00:21:09.635 ENERGY FROM LIGHT? 616 00:21:09.635 --> 00:21:12.037 IT'S AN INTERESTING QUESTION. 617 00:21:12.037 --> 00:21:13.572 >> THAT IS A GREAT QUESTION. 618 00:21:13.572 --> 00:21:16.508 LIGHT IS ONE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL 619 00:21:16.508 --> 00:21:21.079 FORCES OF THE FUNDAMENTAL FORCES 620 00:21:21.079 --> 00:21:21.747 THE UNIVERSE. 621 00:21:21.747 --> 00:21:23.215 THEY INTERACT WITH LIGHT. 622 00:21:23.215 --> 00:21:26.418 AND SO, DARK MATTER SOMEWHAT 623 00:21:26.418 --> 00:21:28.086 UNIQUELY DOESN'T INTERACT WITH 624 00:21:28.086 --> 00:21:28.553 LIGHT. 625 00:21:28.553 --> 00:21:30.022 AT LEAST THAT'S WHY WE CAN'T SEE 626 00:21:30.022 --> 00:21:30.255 IT. 627 00:21:30.255 --> 00:21:33.091 SO THE ONLY WAY THAT WE CAN TELL 628 00:21:33.091 --> 00:21:35.060 THAT DARK MATTER THERE IS BY 629 00:21:35.060 --> 00:21:39.131 LOOKING AT HOW IT EFFECTS THINGS 630 00:21:39.131 --> 00:21:39.564 GRAVITATIONALLY. 631 00:21:39.564 --> 00:21:41.767 WHEN WE LOOK AT A GALAXY WE CAN 632 00:21:41.767 --> 00:21:44.403 SEE THAT THERE'S SOME MATTER 633 00:21:44.403 --> 00:21:48.073 THERE, BUT WE CAN'T ACTUALLY SEE 634 00:21:48.073 --> 00:21:49.908 THE MATTER ITSELF LIKE WE WOULD 635 00:21:49.908 --> 00:21:51.310 WITH OUR EYES OR TELESCOPE. 636 00:21:51.310 --> 00:21:52.678 AND SO THAT'S HOW WE KNOW 637 00:21:52.678 --> 00:21:53.912 THERE'S SOMETHING THERE. 638 00:21:53.912 --> 00:21:55.547 WE JUST CAN'T SEE IT AND THAT'S 639 00:21:55.547 --> 00:21:57.049 HOW WE KNOW IT DOESN'T INTERACT 640 00:21:57.049 --> 00:21:57.549 WITH LIGHT. 641 00:21:57.549 --> 00:21:59.251 AT LEAST NOT IN A WAY THAT WE 642 00:21:59.251 --> 00:22:02.554 UNDERSTAND. 643 00:22:02.554 --> 00:22:03.822 >> I'M AFRAID WE HAVE COME TO 644 00:22:03.822 --> 00:22:04.690 THE END OF THE TIME HERE. I 645 00:22:04.690 --> 00:22:06.692 WANT TO THANK YOU BOTH SO MUCH 646 00:22:06.692 --> 00:22:07.726 FOR JOIN US TODAY. 647 00:22:07.726 --> 00:22:09.861 QUITE AN ENLIGHTENING 648 00:22:09.861 --> 00:22:11.229 CONVERSATION. 649 00:22:11.229 --> 00:22:12.564 ALWAYS A TERRIFYING 650 00:22:12.564 --> 00:22:13.065 CONVERSATION. 651 00:22:13.065 --> 00:22:14.666 IF YOU AT HOME WANT TO LEARN 652 00:22:14.666 --> 00:22:16.668 MORE ABOUT DARK MATTER AND DARK 653 00:22:16.668 --> 00:22:18.470 ENERGY GOOGLE IT OR GO TO 654 00:22:18.470 --> 00:22:23.642 NASA.GOV AND SEARCH THE SPOOKY 655 00:22:23.642 --> 00:22:24.276 SCIENTIST. 656 00:22:24.276 --> 00:22:25.577 FOR OUR NEXT SEGMENT WE'LL 657 00:22:25.577 --> 00:22:28.980 TRAVEL ACROSS THE CONTINENT AND 658 00:22:28.980 --> 00:22:31.817 NASA SCIENTIST MORGAN CABLE WILL 659 00:22:31.817 --> 00:22:34.453 USE US TO THE CREEPY SOUNDS WE 660 00:22:34.453 --> 00:22:36.054 CAPTURED IN OUR OWN SOLAR 661 00:22:36.054 --> 00:22:36.588 SYSTEM. 662 00:22:36.588 --> 00:22:38.290 MY GOOD FRIEND THALIA IS THERE 663 00:22:38.290 --> 00:22:39.191 WITH MORGAN. 664 00:22:39.191 --> 00:22:39.858 OFF TO YOU. 665 00:22:39.858 --> 00:22:42.961 TAKE IT AWAY. 666 00:22:42.961 --> 00:22:44.663 >> SO I AM BOOK HERE WITH 667 00:22:44.663 --> 00:22:49.267 DR. MORGAN CABLE, NASA SCIENTIST 668 00:22:49.267 --> 00:22:51.570 WHO WORKED ON THE CASSINI 669 00:22:51.570 --> 00:22:52.070 MISSION. 670 00:22:52.070 --> 00:22:54.172 LET'S TALK ABOUT THE SPOOKY 671 00:22:54.172 --> 00:22:57.709 SOUNDS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM. 672 00:22:57.709 --> 00:22:58.977 I UNDERSTAND WE HAVE RECORDED 673 00:22:58.977 --> 00:23:00.846 SOME OF THEM AND WE CAN HE HEAR 674 00:23:00.846 --> 00:23:01.646 THEM TODAY? 675 00:23:01.646 --> 00:23:02.881 >> I WAS LUCKY ENOUGH TO BE PART 676 00:23:02.881 --> 00:23:04.516 OF THE CASSINI MISSION WHICH WAS 677 00:23:04.516 --> 00:23:09.020 IN THE SATURN FOR 13 YEARS 678 00:23:09.020 --> 00:23:11.423 STUDYING ITS MOONS AND RINGS TO 679 00:23:11.423 --> 00:23:13.458 SOME BEAUTIFUL IMAGES WE 680 00:23:13.458 --> 00:23:15.127 COLLECTED EERIE SOUNDS FROM THE 681 00:23:15.127 --> 00:23:16.027 SATURN SYSTEM. 682 00:23:16.027 --> 00:23:16.561 >> WONDERFUL. 683 00:23:16.561 --> 00:23:18.363 WILL WE GET TO HEAR TODAY? 684 00:23:18.363 --> 00:23:19.264 >> YES, WE WILL. 685 00:23:19.264 --> 00:23:20.365 I THINK WE HAVE TWO DIFFERENT 686 00:23:20.365 --> 00:23:21.566 SOUNDS THAT WE'LL BE LISTENING 687 00:23:21.566 --> 00:23:22.634 TO TODAY. 688 00:23:22.634 --> 00:23:25.871 >> WHY DON'T WE LISTEN TO THE 689 00:23:25.871 --> 00:23:27.572 FIRST ONE. 690 00:23:27.572 --> 00:23:38.483 (EERIE SOUND) 691 00:23:38.483 --> 00:23:39.351 >> MY GOODNESS. 692 00:23:39.351 --> 00:23:40.619 THAT WAS A TERRIFYING SOUND. 693 00:23:40.619 --> 00:23:41.787 CAN YOU TELL US A LITTLE ABOUT 694 00:23:41.787 --> 00:23:42.554 WHAT WE HEARD? 695 00:23:42.554 --> 00:23:45.257 >> THAT WAS CRAZY, HUH? 696 00:23:45.257 --> 00:23:46.591 YOU MIGHT OF HEARD WHAT SOUNDED 697 00:23:46.591 --> 00:23:48.260 LIKE A SCREAMING INFRASTRUCTURE 698 00:23:48.260 --> 00:23:51.563 NOW YOU SAY THERE IS NO SOUND. 699 00:23:51.563 --> 00:23:52.330 CASSINI COULD. 700 00:23:52.330 --> 00:23:54.232 SO THERE'S A SCREAMING SOUND AND 701 00:23:54.232 --> 00:23:55.767 THIS SWOOPING SOUND. 702 00:23:55.767 --> 00:23:57.469 LET'S TALK ABOUT HOW OF THESE 703 00:23:57.469 --> 00:23:57.769 FORMED. 704 00:23:57.769 --> 00:23:59.337 THIS HAPPENED WHEN CASSINI WAS 705 00:23:59.337 --> 00:24:01.440 NEAR SATURN AND THIS WAS DURING 706 00:24:01.440 --> 00:24:05.143 THE TIME WHEN SATURN'S AURORA 707 00:24:05.143 --> 00:24:09.581 WAS REALLY ACTIVE. 708 00:24:09.581 --> 00:24:11.650 AURORAS FORM FROM -- IT ACTUALLY 709 00:24:11.650 --> 00:24:12.851 STARTS IN THE SUN. 710 00:24:12.851 --> 00:24:14.152 THE SUN IN ADDITION TO 711 00:24:14.152 --> 00:24:15.654 GENERATING LOTS OF LIGHT SPEWS 712 00:24:15.654 --> 00:24:17.189 ALL SORTS OF CHARGED PARTICLES 713 00:24:17.189 --> 00:24:19.157 IN WHAT'S CALLED THE SOLAR WIND. 714 00:24:19.157 --> 00:24:20.625 WHEN THOSE PARTICLES COME AND 715 00:24:20.625 --> 00:24:23.295 INTERACT WITH GASES IN THE 716 00:24:23.295 --> 00:24:26.131 ATMOSPHERE OF EARTH OR SATURN 717 00:24:26.131 --> 00:24:28.333 SOME OF THE GASES CAN GET 718 00:24:28.333 --> 00:24:30.469 EXCITED AND GLOW. 719 00:24:30.469 --> 00:24:32.804 IN THE EARTH'S CASE IT'S USUALLY 720 00:24:32.804 --> 00:24:34.272 OXYGEN AND IT CAUSES THE 721 00:24:34.272 --> 00:24:36.408 BEAUTIFUL AURORA IN THE NORTHERN 722 00:24:36.408 --> 00:24:37.242 REGIONS. 723 00:24:37.242 --> 00:24:42.547 IN SATELLITE IT'S HYDROGEN. 724 00:24:42.547 --> 00:24:44.382 DURING THIS TIME SATURN IS 725 00:24:44.382 --> 00:24:45.584 ACTIVE IN TERMS OF ITS RADIO 726 00:24:45.584 --> 00:24:46.885 EMISSIONS AND THAT'S WHAT WE ARE 727 00:24:46.885 --> 00:24:47.919 HEARING. 728 00:24:47.919 --> 00:24:49.621 IF YOU WERE LISTENING YOU 729 00:24:49.621 --> 00:24:51.022 WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO HEAR 730 00:24:51.022 --> 00:24:51.356 ANYTHING. 731 00:24:51.356 --> 00:24:52.624 WE HAD TO SHIFT THE SOUND IN 732 00:24:52.624 --> 00:24:54.993 ORDER FOR US TO BE ABLE TO HEAR 733 00:24:54.993 --> 00:24:56.428 IT WITH OUR OWN EARS. 734 00:24:56.428 --> 00:24:59.030 BUT SATURN'S EARS WERE ABLE TO 735 00:24:59.030 --> 00:24:59.431 PICK IT UP. 736 00:24:59.431 --> 00:25:01.733 WHAT YOU ARE HEARING IS SOME OF 737 00:25:01.733 --> 00:25:02.801 THE ELECTRONS THAT COME IN IN 738 00:25:02.801 --> 00:25:04.302 AND GET TRAPPED BY THE GIANT 739 00:25:04.302 --> 00:25:05.670 STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD. 740 00:25:05.670 --> 00:25:08.273 IF THEY MOVE ALONG THE MAGNETIC 741 00:25:08.273 --> 00:25:10.475 FIELD LINES THEN THEY FORM THAT 742 00:25:10.475 --> 00:25:11.576 HISSING, SCREAMING SOUND THAT 743 00:25:11.576 --> 00:25:12.310 THEY'RE HEARING. 744 00:25:12.310 --> 00:25:14.980 BUT SOME OF THOSE ELECTRONS ARE 745 00:25:14.980 --> 00:25:16.414 MOVING SIDEWAYS AND THEY GET 746 00:25:16.414 --> 00:25:19.951 KICKED OUT OF SATURN AND THAT'S 747 00:25:19.951 --> 00:25:21.052 THAT WHOOPING SOUND THAT YOU 748 00:25:21.052 --> 00:25:21.553 HEARD. 749 00:25:21.553 --> 00:25:23.788 >> VERY INTERESTING. 750 00:25:23.788 --> 00:25:25.657 DO OUR OWN AURORAS MAKE ANY 751 00:25:25.657 --> 00:25:26.258 SOUND? 752 00:25:26.258 --> 00:25:27.893 >> THEY DO ALTHOUGH YOU CAN'T 753 00:25:27.893 --> 00:25:28.827 HEAR IT FROM EARTH. 754 00:25:28.827 --> 00:25:31.296 YOU HAVE TO BE DEEP IN SPACE. 755 00:25:31.296 --> 00:25:35.133 IT'S CALLED OR AURORAL 756 00:25:35.133 --> 00:25:44.476 KILOMETRIC RADIATION. 757 00:25:44.476 --> 00:25:46.044 >> LET'S HEAR THE NEXT SOUND 758 00:25:46.044 --> 00:25:48.213 THAT YOU HAVE FOR US. 759 00:25:48.213 --> 00:25:59.758 (STRANGE SOUNDS) 760 00:25:59.758 --> 00:26:01.493 >> WHY DON'T YOU TELL US WHAT 761 00:26:01.493 --> 00:26:02.394 THAT SOUNDED LIKE. 762 00:26:02.394 --> 00:26:04.663 THAT SOUNDED CRAZY. 763 00:26:04.663 --> 00:26:06.498 >> THIS ONE IS CREEPY AND SAD TO 764 00:26:06.498 --> 00:26:08.033 ME PAUSE THIS HAPPENED TWO WEEKS 765 00:26:08.033 --> 00:26:10.735 BEFORE CASSINI'S FINAL GRAND 766 00:26:10.735 --> 00:26:12.671 FINALE PLUNGE INTO SATURN. 767 00:26:12.671 --> 00:26:14.472 SO THIS HAPPENED WHEN CASSINI 768 00:26:14.472 --> 00:26:16.508 WAS GOING BY ONE OF SATURN'S 769 00:26:16.508 --> 00:26:17.642 MOONS. 770 00:26:17.642 --> 00:26:19.911 TURNS OUT THAT SATURN'S MAGNETIC 771 00:26:19.911 --> 00:26:21.279 FIELD IS SO BIG A LOT OF THE 772 00:26:21.279 --> 00:26:24.215 MOONS OF SATURN'S SYSTEM FIT 773 00:26:24.215 --> 00:26:25.450 INSIDE OF IT. 774 00:26:25.450 --> 00:26:27.285 IT'S ONE OF MY FAVORITE PLACES. 775 00:26:27.285 --> 00:26:29.020 IT'S GOT A LIQUID WATER OCEAN 776 00:26:29.020 --> 00:26:30.689 AND SPEWING SOME OF THOSE 777 00:26:30.689 --> 00:26:33.425 MOLECULES INTO SPACE VIA THESE 778 00:26:33.425 --> 00:26:33.692 PLUME. 779 00:26:33.692 --> 00:26:35.026 WHEN THEY GET THERE THEY CAN 780 00:26:35.026 --> 00:26:36.494 INTERACT WITH THINGS LIKE THE 781 00:26:36.494 --> 00:26:38.096 SOLAR WIND AND SOMETIMES WHEN 782 00:26:38.096 --> 00:26:40.198 SOME OF THOSE MOLECULES GET HIT 783 00:26:40.198 --> 00:26:42.434 BY A PROTON THEY'LL PICK UP A 784 00:26:42.434 --> 00:26:44.035 CHARGE AND BECOME WHAT WE CALL 785 00:26:44.035 --> 00:26:44.703 IONS. 786 00:26:44.703 --> 00:26:47.272 WHEN THAT HAPPENS, NOW SATURN'S 787 00:26:47.272 --> 00:26:48.740 MAGNETIC FIELD CAN GRAB ONTO 788 00:26:48.740 --> 00:26:50.942 THEM AND PULL THEM IN LIKE A 789 00:26:50.942 --> 00:26:52.010 TRACTOR BEAM. 790 00:26:52.010 --> 00:26:56.047 AND WHEN THAT HAPPENS IT FORMS A 791 00:26:56.047 --> 00:26:57.716 FLUX TUBE AND WHAT YOU ARE 792 00:26:57.716 --> 00:26:59.417 HEARING IN THAT SOUND IS CASSINI 793 00:26:59.417 --> 00:27:01.720 ACTUALLY FLYING THROUGH THAT 794 00:27:01.720 --> 00:27:03.288 FLUX TUBE. THAT'S WHY YOU COULD 795 00:27:03.288 --> 00:27:06.791 HEAR IT GO UP AND THEN GO DOWN. 796 00:27:06.791 --> 00:27:08.293 >> CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT YOUR 797 00:27:08.293 --> 00:27:09.227 COSTUME TODAY? 798 00:27:09.227 --> 00:27:12.297 >> MY COSTUME, SOME FELLOW 799 00:27:12.297 --> 00:27:17.969 HUMANS IT'S QUITE CONVINCING. 800 00:27:17.969 --> 00:27:18.803 IS IT FLIPPING? 801 00:27:18.803 --> 00:27:19.504 IS IT OKAY? 802 00:27:19.504 --> 00:27:21.139 >> YOU COULD PROBABLY ADJUST IT. 803 00:27:21.139 --> 00:27:22.040 >> DON'T TELL ANYONE. 804 00:27:22.040 --> 00:27:24.009 >> I WON'T. 805 00:27:24.009 --> 00:27:25.310 >> ALL RIGHT, THANK YOU GUYS SO 806 00:27:25.310 --> 00:27:28.480 MUCH FOR JOINING MORGAN AND I. 807 00:27:28.480 --> 00:27:30.015 WE'LL BE HEADING BACK TO THE 808 00:27:30.015 --> 00:27:30.849 STUDIO WITH SCOTT. 809 00:27:30.849 --> 00:27:34.152 >> INCH THAT MORGAN AND THALIA. 810 00:27:34.152 --> 00:27:35.320 I'LL BE SLEEPING WITH THE LIGHTS 811 00:27:35.320 --> 00:27:35.887 ON TONIGHT. 812 00:27:35.887 --> 00:27:37.756 IF YOU OR A LOVED ONE WANT TO 813 00:27:37.756 --> 00:27:40.525 HEAR CREEPY SPACE SOUNDS GO TO 814 00:27:40.525 --> 00:27:47.499 GO.NASA.GOV/SPOOKYSPACESOUNDS. 815 00:27:47.499 --> 00:27:49.300 BEFORE WE SAY FAREWELL, LET'S GO 816 00:27:49.300 --> 00:27:50.669 AND SEE WHICH PHOTO IS IN THE 817 00:27:50.669 --> 00:27:52.303 LEAD FOR THE SCARIEST IMAGE IN 818 00:27:52.303 --> 00:27:53.738 OUR UNIVERSE CONTEST. 819 00:27:53.738 --> 00:27:55.740 JUST TO RECAP YOUR OPTIONS WERE, 820 00:27:55.740 --> 00:27:58.643 THE SKULL ASTEROID AND WITCH 821 00:27:58.643 --> 00:28:01.246 HEAD NEBULA AND COFFIN SPACED 822 00:28:01.246 --> 00:28:04.115 ICEBERG AND SPICY JACK-O-LANTERN 823 00:28:04.115 --> 00:28:04.616 SUN. 824 00:28:04.616 --> 00:28:07.052 SO FAR THE LEAD IS THE 825 00:28:07.052 --> 00:28:09.554 JACK-O-LANTERN SUN BUT THE POLLS 826 00:28:09.554 --> 00:28:10.288 HAVE NOT CLOSED. 827 00:28:10.288 --> 00:28:11.690 IF YOU HAVE NOT VOTED YOU HAVE 828 00:28:11.690 --> 00:28:12.824 THE OPPORTUNITY TO CHANGE THE 829 00:28:12.824 --> 00:28:14.025 COURSE OF HISTORY. 830 00:28:14.025 --> 00:28:15.460 THIS IS ARGUABLY THE MOST 831 00:28:15.460 --> 00:28:17.228 IMPORTANT THING YOU'LL DO TODAY. 832 00:28:17.228 --> 00:28:19.164 I LOVE THE DRAMATIC PROCESS. 833 00:28:19.164 --> 00:28:20.598 AND DON'T FOR GET TO SEND US 834 00:28:20.598 --> 00:28:22.267 THOSE PHOTOS OF YOU AND YOUR 835 00:28:22.267 --> 00:28:24.669 SPACE AND SCIENCE COST TOMBS 836 00:28:24.669 --> 00:28:28.306 USING THE #NASACOSTUME. 837 00:28:28.306 --> 00:28:29.574 THAT IS ALL THE TIME WE HAVE FOR 838 00:28:29.574 --> 00:28:29.908 YOU TODAY. 839 00:28:29.908 --> 00:28:31.810 IT HAS BEEN A HORRIFYING 840 00:28:31.810 --> 00:28:34.779 PLEASURE EXPLORING OUR GALAXY OF 841 00:28:34.779 --> 00:28:35.780 HORRORS OF HORRORS WITH YOU AND 842 00:28:35.780 --> 00:28:37.716 I HOPE EACH AND EVERY ONE OF YOU 843 00:28:37.716 --> 00:28:39.851 HAVE A PERFECTLY TERRIFYING 844 00:28:39.851 --> 00:28:40.819 HALLOWEEN.