WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:20.303 --> 00:00:21.137 >> HELLO, AND WELCOME TO NASA 2 00:00:21.137 --> 00:00:22.005 SCIENCE LIVE. 3 00:00:22.005 --> 00:00:23.773 AN OPPORTUNITY FOR YOU TO COME 4 00:00:23.773 --> 00:00:25.942 BEHIND THE SCENES AND TO GET TO 5 00:00:25.942 --> 00:00:27.377 KNOW YOUR SPACE AGENCY. 6 00:00:27.377 --> 00:00:29.145 I'M YOUR HOST SOPHIA ROBERTS. 7 00:00:29.145 --> 00:00:30.246 THIS SHOW IS ALL ABOUT YOU 8 00:00:30.246 --> 00:00:31.614 BEING ABLE TO INTERACT WITH 9 00:00:31.614 --> 00:00:33.249 NASA SCIENTISTS AND TO GET YOUR 10 00:00:33.249 --> 00:00:34.250 QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 11 00:00:34.250 --> 00:00:35.785 SO VISIT US ON FACEBOOK OR 12 00:00:35.785 --> 00:00:37.387 TWITTER AND ASK US A QUESTION 13 00:00:37.387 --> 00:00:39.556 USING THAT #ASKNASA. 14 00:00:39.556 --> 00:00:41.257 OR LEAVE A COMMENT OR QUESTION 15 00:00:41.257 --> 00:00:43.159 IN THE COMMENT BOX WHEREVER 16 00:00:43.159 --> 00:00:44.027 YOU'RE WATCHING THIS. 17 00:00:44.027 --> 00:00:45.195 HERE TO SHARE SOME OF THE 18 00:00:45.195 --> 00:00:46.596 LATEST UPDATES FROM AROUND THE 19 00:00:46.596 --> 00:00:50.567 GALAXY IS OUR COSMIC NEWS 20 00:00:50.567 --> 00:00:54.003 ANCHOR SCOTT BEDNAR, WHAT HAVE 21 00:00:54.003 --> 00:00:54.904 YOU GOT FOR US? 22 00:00:54.904 --> 00:00:56.973 >> I AM YOUR COSMIC NEWS ANCHOR 23 00:00:56.973 --> 00:00:59.976 SCOTT BEDNAR AND WE HAVE 24 00:00:59.976 --> 00:01:02.545 BREAKING NEWS JUST IN -- 25 00:01:02.545 --> 00:01:04.914 ARE YOU GOOD AT COUNTING ROCKS? 26 00:01:04.914 --> 00:01:07.350 >> WELL, YOU WON'T WANT TO MISS 27 00:01:07.350 --> 00:01:08.518 ON THIS OPPORTUNITY, JUST 28 00:01:08.518 --> 00:01:10.754 ANNOUNCED MOMENTS AGO, NASA IS 29 00:01:10.754 --> 00:01:12.388 INVITING YOU TO HELP FIND THE 30 00:01:12.388 --> 00:01:15.692 PERFECT SPOT ON ASTEROID VENUE 31 00:01:15.692 --> 00:01:21.531 WHERE THE OSIRIS ASTEROID WILL 32 00:01:21.531 --> 00:01:23.967 COUNT CATALOG AND CREATE A 33 00:01:23.967 --> 00:01:25.468 CURATION OF ROCKS ON THE 34 00:01:25.468 --> 00:01:26.770 ASTEROID BY JULY 10th. 35 00:01:26.770 --> 00:01:27.237 WHY? 36 00:01:27.237 --> 00:01:28.905 WITH YOUR MAD COUNTING SKILLS 37 00:01:28.905 --> 00:01:29.973 THIS WILL SPEED UP THE PROCESS 38 00:01:29.973 --> 00:01:31.975 IN DEVELOPING HAZARD MATS WHICH 39 00:01:31.975 --> 00:01:33.476 WILL BE USED TO SELECT THE 40 00:01:33.476 --> 00:01:36.746 FINAL SAMPLE SITE AND 41 00:01:36.746 --> 00:01:39.916 OSIRIS-REX IS GOING TO SWEEP UP 42 00:01:39.916 --> 00:01:41.851 ASTEROID BITS AND SEND THEM 43 00:01:41.851 --> 00:01:43.019 BACK TO EARTH. 44 00:01:43.019 --> 00:01:44.387 LOOK AT PICTURES OF THE 45 00:01:44.387 --> 00:01:46.156 ASTEROID AND TELL ME WHAT YOU 46 00:01:46.156 --> 00:01:46.689 SEE? 47 00:01:46.689 --> 00:01:47.857 TOO LONG TO READ? 48 00:01:47.857 --> 00:01:50.894 NASA IS HIRING FOR $0, SIGN UP 49 00:01:50.894 --> 00:01:51.294 TODAY. 50 00:01:51.294 --> 00:01:54.264 TIME TO TIGHTEN YOUR VAN ALLEN 51 00:01:54.264 --> 00:01:56.766 BELTS, WE'RE GOING BACK TO THE 52 00:01:56.766 --> 00:01:57.467 MOON. 53 00:01:57.467 --> 00:01:59.335 YOUR TWIN SISTER ARTEMIS IS IN 54 00:01:59.335 --> 00:02:00.570 TOWN AND HERE TO STAY. 55 00:02:00.570 --> 00:02:02.505 NASA'S NEXT MISSION HAS 56 00:02:02.505 --> 00:02:03.973 OFFICIALLY BEEN NAMED ARTEMIS 57 00:02:03.973 --> 00:02:05.809 AFTER THE GREEK GODDESS OF OUR 58 00:02:05.809 --> 00:02:07.710 NEAREST CELESTIAL NEIGHBOR. 59 00:02:07.710 --> 00:02:09.479 AND WHEN WE LAND IN 2024, THE 60 00:02:09.479 --> 00:02:11.314 FIRST WOMAN AND NEXT MAN WILL 61 00:02:11.314 --> 00:02:13.316 STEP FOOT WHERE NO ONE HAS BEEN 62 00:02:13.316 --> 00:02:14.918 BEFORE, THE MOON'S SOUTH POLE. 63 00:02:14.918 --> 00:02:15.885 SOMETHING FOR EVERYONE. 64 00:02:15.885 --> 00:02:17.587 BOOTS ON THE GROUND, FLAG 65 00:02:17.587 --> 00:02:19.355 PLANTING CONTESTS, ROCK 66 00:02:19.355 --> 00:02:21.758 CHISELLING COMPETITIONS, A 67 00:02:21.758 --> 00:02:23.359 REGULAR ROM-COM. 68 00:02:23.359 --> 00:02:24.160 HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO MARS? 69 00:02:24.160 --> 00:02:25.295 NO! 70 00:02:25.295 --> 00:02:27.797 HERE'S YOUR CHANCE, SORT OF. 71 00:02:27.797 --> 00:02:30.133 NASA IS SENDING A CAR-SIZED 72 00:02:30.133 --> 00:02:31.601 ROVER TO THE RED PLANET AND 73 00:02:31.601 --> 00:02:34.070 YOUR NAME PASSENGER IN TEENY 74 00:02:34.070 --> 00:02:36.339 TINY LETTERS, SUBMIT YOUR ALIAS 75 00:02:36.339 --> 00:02:38.808 AND STENCILLED ON A MICROCHIP 76 00:02:38.808 --> 00:02:41.211 AS IT MAKES ITS MARTIAN DEBUT. 77 00:02:41.211 --> 00:02:44.848 YOU WILL AMASS MUCHO FREQUENT 78 00:02:44.848 --> 00:02:46.416 FLIER MILES AND GET A BOARDING 79 00:02:46.416 --> 00:02:46.783 PASS. 80 00:02:46.783 --> 00:02:49.686 YOU CAN PULL IT OUT IN GLORY, 81 00:02:49.686 --> 00:02:51.654 POST IT ON SOCIAL, SLAP IT ON 82 00:02:51.654 --> 00:02:53.523 THE LOCKER, TACK IT ON THE TACK 83 00:02:53.523 --> 00:02:55.325 BOARD, THE POSSIBILITIES ARE 84 00:02:55.325 --> 00:02:56.960 LIMITLESS, ABSOLUTELY GLORIOUS. 85 00:02:56.960 --> 00:02:58.628 WELL, I'M DONE, BUT THAT WAS A 86 00:02:58.628 --> 00:02:59.796 TASTE OF SPACE. 87 00:02:59.796 --> 00:03:00.697 HUNGRY FOR MORE? 88 00:03:00.697 --> 00:03:04.033 A FULL-ON BRUNCH BUFFETT AT 89 00:03:04.033 --> 00:03:06.703 WWW.NASA.GOV. 90 00:03:06.703 --> 00:03:08.738 FEAST ON SCIENCE, BACK TO YOU, 91 00:03:08.738 --> 00:03:09.472 SOPHIA. 92 00:03:09.472 --> 00:03:10.406 >> THANKS, SCOTT. 93 00:03:10.406 --> 00:03:13.877 I ALREADY GOTTEN MY NAME ON IT, 94 00:03:13.877 --> 00:03:15.144 NEARLY A MILLION PEOPLE HAVE 95 00:03:15.144 --> 00:03:16.679 SUBMITTED THEIR NAMES, GO SEND 96 00:03:16.679 --> 00:03:17.714 YOURSELF TO MARS. 97 00:03:17.714 --> 00:03:19.515 ALL RIGHT, TO TODAY'S TOPIC, 98 00:03:19.515 --> 00:03:20.717 WE'RE TALKING ABOUT STORMS 99 00:03:20.717 --> 00:03:21.951 ACROSS THE SOLAR SYSTEM. 100 00:03:21.951 --> 00:03:25.154 AND WE'RE GOING TO START BY 101 00:03:25.154 --> 00:03:26.256 TALKING ABOUT HOW STORMS FORM 102 00:03:26.256 --> 00:03:28.024 ON EARTH, AND THEN WE'LL SEE 103 00:03:28.024 --> 00:03:28.892 THE CONDITIONS THAT CAUSE THEM 104 00:03:28.892 --> 00:03:30.894 TO HAPPEN ON OTHER PLANETS IN A 105 00:03:30.894 --> 00:03:32.428 WEATHER FORECAST FROM ACROSS 106 00:03:32.428 --> 00:03:34.864 THE SOLAR SYSTEM, AND FINALLY 107 00:03:34.864 --> 00:03:37.233 TAKE A LOOK HOW NASA STUDIES 108 00:03:37.233 --> 00:03:38.801 STORMS ON OUR OWN PLANET AND 109 00:03:38.801 --> 00:03:40.136 WE'RE GOING TO RELEASE A 110 00:03:40.136 --> 00:03:41.371 WEATHER BALLOON LIVE DURING 111 00:03:41.371 --> 00:03:42.438 THIS EPISODE. 112 00:03:42.438 --> 00:03:43.806 SO IF YOU WANT TO LEARN MORE 113 00:03:43.806 --> 00:03:46.009 ABOUT NASA'S EFFORT TO STUDY 114 00:03:46.009 --> 00:03:47.143 HURRICANES, VISIT 115 00:03:47.143 --> 00:03:51.848 NASA.GOV/HURRICANES OR VISIT 116 00:03:51.848 --> 00:03:53.283 NASA RAIN ON FACEBOOK AND 117 00:03:53.283 --> 00:03:53.650 TWITTER. 118 00:03:53.650 --> 00:03:56.719 OUR FRIENDS AT NASA FLIGHT 119 00:03:56.719 --> 00:03:58.588 FACILITY IN VIRGINIA HELP 120 00:03:58.588 --> 00:04:00.189 FORECASTERS AND FIRST 121 00:04:00.189 --> 00:04:02.191 RESPONDERS BY RELEASING THE 122 00:04:02.191 --> 00:04:04.127 HUGE BALLOONS EVERY 12 HOURS. 123 00:04:04.127 --> 00:04:05.962 ALL RIGHT, CHELSEA, YOU CAN 124 00:04:05.962 --> 00:04:06.930 HEAR ME? 125 00:04:06.930 --> 00:04:09.098 WHAT ARE YOU DOING OVER THERE? 126 00:04:09.098 --> 00:04:10.300 >> HEY, SOPHIA. 127 00:04:10.300 --> 00:04:11.868 YES, I CAN HEAR YOU LOUD AND 128 00:04:11.868 --> 00:04:12.201 CLEAR. 129 00:04:12.201 --> 00:04:15.972 WE'RE LOUD AT NASA'S FLIGHT 130 00:04:15.972 --> 00:04:17.373 FACILITY WHERE WE LOOK AT HOW 131 00:04:17.373 --> 00:04:19.108 WEATHER DATA IS TURNED INTO THE 132 00:04:19.108 --> 00:04:20.910 EASY FORECAST YOU GET ON THE 133 00:04:20.910 --> 00:04:22.612 PHONE'S WEATHER APP. 134 00:04:22.612 --> 00:04:23.713 WE'RE GOING TO BE LAUNCHING A 135 00:04:23.713 --> 00:04:24.647 WEATHER BALLOON TODAY. 136 00:04:24.647 --> 00:04:27.150 AS THE BALLOON ASCENDS UP TO 137 00:04:27.150 --> 00:04:30.853 100,000 FEET IN ALTITUDE IT'S 138 00:04:30.853 --> 00:04:32.255 TAKING MEASUREMENTS. 139 00:04:32.255 --> 00:04:34.791 HERE TO TALK ABOUT THAT IS ADAM 140 00:04:34.791 --> 00:04:35.291 THOMAS. 141 00:04:35.291 --> 00:04:37.160 WHAT DO WE HAVE BEHIND US 142 00:04:37.160 --> 00:04:37.827 TODAY? 143 00:04:37.827 --> 00:04:38.962 >> BALLOON INFLATION SHELTER 144 00:04:38.962 --> 00:04:42.332 AND KYLE PILLCHARD HAS INFLATED 145 00:04:42.332 --> 00:04:44.000 THAT BALLOON AND HOPEFULLY WE 146 00:04:44.000 --> 00:04:45.568 WILL RELEASE IT AT THE END OF 147 00:04:45.568 --> 00:04:46.336 THE SHOW TODAY. 148 00:04:46.336 --> 00:04:48.805 >> WHAT DATA IS IT LOOKING FOR, 149 00:04:48.805 --> 00:04:49.839 WHAT DO YOU HAVE IN YOUR HANDS 150 00:04:49.839 --> 00:04:50.273 HERE? 151 00:04:50.273 --> 00:04:53.076 >> A RADIO SONDE ATTACHED TO 152 00:04:53.076 --> 00:04:54.243 THE BALLOON AND HAS 153 00:04:54.243 --> 00:04:54.844 INSTRUMENTATION HERE, 154 00:04:54.844 --> 00:04:56.479 TEMPERATURE SENSOR, HUMIDITY, 155 00:04:56.479 --> 00:04:59.949 ALSO GPS TRACK, WE GET WIND 156 00:04:59.949 --> 00:05:01.951 SPEED AND DIRECTION IN THE 157 00:05:01.951 --> 00:05:03.820 DEVICE AS IT ASCENDS INTO THE 158 00:05:03.820 --> 00:05:04.387 ATMOSPHERE. 159 00:05:04.387 --> 00:05:06.055 >> HOW OFTEN DOES NASA LAUNCH 160 00:05:06.055 --> 00:05:07.357 THESE THINGS? 161 00:05:07.357 --> 00:05:09.993 >> TWICE A DAY HERE AT WALLOPS, 162 00:05:09.993 --> 00:05:11.861 TWICE A DAY EVERY DAY AND SOME 163 00:05:11.861 --> 00:05:13.262 INSTANCES MORE THAN TWICE A 164 00:05:13.262 --> 00:05:13.763 DAY. 165 00:05:13.763 --> 00:05:16.065 IF WE HAVE HURRICANE, SEVERE 166 00:05:16.065 --> 00:05:17.266 WEATHER OUTBREAKS, NATIONAL 167 00:05:17.266 --> 00:05:17.967 WEATHER SERVICE PROGRAM WILL 168 00:05:17.967 --> 00:05:19.969 ASK FOR MORE BALLOON RELEASES, 169 00:05:19.969 --> 00:05:21.637 SOMETIMES UP TO FOUR BALLOON 170 00:05:21.637 --> 00:05:23.006 RELEASES A DAY, ESPECIALLY FOR 171 00:05:23.006 --> 00:05:25.575 STORMS SUCH AS MARIA AND 172 00:05:25.575 --> 00:05:28.111 FLORENCE JUST RECENTLY WHERE WE 173 00:05:28.111 --> 00:05:30.079 HAD TO GET MORE DATA AND MORE 174 00:05:30.079 --> 00:05:31.914 UP TO DATE DATA WITH THE EXTRA 175 00:05:31.914 --> 00:05:32.849 BALLOON RELEASES. 176 00:05:32.849 --> 00:05:34.684 >> SO INTERESTING THAT THIS 177 00:05:34.684 --> 00:05:35.685 HAPPENS RIGHT HERE. 178 00:05:35.685 --> 00:05:37.687 SOUNDS LIKE WE NEED THE RADIO 179 00:05:37.687 --> 00:05:39.155 SONDE ATTACHED AND GET THE 180 00:05:39.155 --> 00:05:41.657 BALLOON UP READY FOR FLIGHT. 181 00:05:41.657 --> 00:05:43.326 IN THE MEANTIME, IF ANYBODY HAS 182 00:05:43.326 --> 00:05:44.927 QUESTIONS FOR ADAM, SEND THEM 183 00:05:44.927 --> 00:05:47.797 ON SOCIAL MEDIA USING #ASKNASA 184 00:05:47.797 --> 00:05:49.599 AND GET THEM ANSWERED LATER IN 185 00:05:49.599 --> 00:05:50.099 THE SHOW. 186 00:05:50.099 --> 00:05:52.201 WE'VE GOT A BALLOON TO SET UP. 187 00:05:52.201 --> 00:05:53.770 SOPHIA, BACK TO YOU. 188 00:05:53.770 --> 00:05:54.670 >> THANKS, CHELSEA. 189 00:05:54.670 --> 00:05:56.806 I AM SO EXCITED ABOUT THIS 190 00:05:56.806 --> 00:05:57.907 BALLOON AND LOOKING FORWARD TO 191 00:05:57.907 --> 00:05:59.842 IT BEING RELEASED LATER ON IN 192 00:05:59.842 --> 00:06:00.209 THE SHOW. 193 00:06:00.209 --> 00:06:02.912 SO TODAY I HAVE DALIA, A 194 00:06:02.912 --> 00:06:05.782 RESEARCH SCIENTIST AT GODDARD 195 00:06:05.782 --> 00:06:06.849 SPACEFLIGHT CENTER, AND COME 196 00:06:06.849 --> 00:06:08.618 BACK DOWN TO EARTH AND 197 00:06:08.618 --> 00:06:09.719 SOMETHING WE ARE FAMILIAR WITH. 198 00:06:09.719 --> 00:06:11.821 HOW DO STORMS FORM HERE? 199 00:06:11.821 --> 00:06:12.255 >> THAT'S RIGHT. 200 00:06:12.255 --> 00:06:14.090 SO TROPICAL CYCLONES IS 201 00:06:14.090 --> 00:06:16.859 ACTUALLY THE CATCHALL TERM, BUT 202 00:06:16.859 --> 00:06:18.461 THEY'RE CALLED DIFFERENT THINGS 203 00:06:18.461 --> 00:06:19.529 DEPENDING WHERE YOU LIVE. 204 00:06:19.529 --> 00:06:20.763 FOR EXAMPLE, IN THE ATLANTIC OR 205 00:06:20.763 --> 00:06:22.598 EASTERN PACIFIC, WE CALL THEM 206 00:06:22.598 --> 00:06:23.199 HURRICANES. 207 00:06:23.199 --> 00:06:25.368 IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC, WE CALL 208 00:06:25.368 --> 00:06:27.603 THEM TYPHOONS AND IN THE INDIAN 209 00:06:27.603 --> 00:06:29.705 OCEAN, WE CALL THEM CYCLONES. 210 00:06:29.705 --> 00:06:31.174 YOU NEED THREE DIFFERENT 211 00:06:31.174 --> 00:06:32.141 INGREDIENTS FOR A STORM TO 212 00:06:32.141 --> 00:06:32.442 FORM. 213 00:06:32.442 --> 00:06:34.343 YOU NEED REALLY WARM OCEAN 214 00:06:34.343 --> 00:06:34.644 WATER. 215 00:06:34.644 --> 00:06:36.512 YOU NEED PREEXISTING STORMS AND 216 00:06:36.512 --> 00:06:37.914 YOU NEED HUMID AIR. 217 00:06:37.914 --> 00:06:39.715 SO WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A STORM 218 00:06:39.715 --> 00:06:42.185 FORMS IS THAT HUMID AIR STARTS 219 00:06:42.185 --> 00:06:44.020 TO RISE, AND AS IT RISES, 220 00:06:44.020 --> 00:06:46.289 THERE'S MORE AIR THAT COMES 221 00:06:46.289 --> 00:06:48.024 INTO FILL IT INSIDE, AND SO WE 222 00:06:48.024 --> 00:06:50.259 START TO HAVE WARM AIR RISING. 223 00:06:50.259 --> 00:06:52.495 YOU GET A LOT OF CONVECTION 224 00:06:52.495 --> 00:06:54.363 WHICH CAUSES CLOUDS AND 225 00:06:54.363 --> 00:06:55.364 PRECIPITATION AND THAT MOVEMENT 226 00:06:55.364 --> 00:06:57.600 INWARD, UPWARD AND OUTWARD 227 00:06:57.600 --> 00:06:59.302 STARTS THE STORM MOVING. 228 00:06:59.302 --> 00:07:01.804 BUT BECAUSE THE STORM -- THE 229 00:07:01.804 --> 00:07:03.973 EARTH ROTATES ON AXIS, THAT 230 00:07:03.973 --> 00:07:05.775 CAUSES THE STORM TO ROTATE LIKE 231 00:07:05.775 --> 00:07:07.443 WE SEE THE EYE WALL AND EYE OF 232 00:07:07.443 --> 00:07:08.111 THE STORM. 233 00:07:08.111 --> 00:07:10.947 SO BECAUSE THAT STRONG POOL OF 234 00:07:10.947 --> 00:07:13.516 WARM WATER IS STARTING TO FUEL 235 00:07:13.516 --> 00:07:16.119 THE STORM JUST LIKE GAS FUELS 236 00:07:16.119 --> 00:07:18.121 OUR CAR, AS THE STORM BEGINS TO 237 00:07:18.121 --> 00:07:19.489 DEVELOP, IT STARTS MOVING 238 00:07:19.489 --> 00:07:21.757 FASTER AND FASTER WITH STRONGER 239 00:07:21.757 --> 00:07:23.459 WINDS AND MORE RAINFALL. 240 00:07:23.459 --> 00:07:24.894 AND SO WHAT WE SEE FROM SPACE 241 00:07:24.894 --> 00:07:27.230 IS WE CAN GET A VIEW HOW THE 242 00:07:27.230 --> 00:07:28.564 STORMS ARE MOVING AND CHANGING, 243 00:07:28.564 --> 00:07:30.266 ALL DEPENDING ON WHERE THE 244 00:07:30.266 --> 00:07:31.734 WINDS ARE BLOWING AND HOW WARM 245 00:07:31.734 --> 00:07:35.004 THE SURFACE OF THE OCEAN IS. 246 00:07:35.004 --> 00:07:36.105 >> GREAT, WE ALREADY HAVE 247 00:07:36.105 --> 00:07:40.443 QUESTIONS FOR YOU. 248 00:07:40.443 --> 00:07:40.810 >> SURE. 249 00:07:40.810 --> 00:07:41.744 >> WHAT IS THE BIGGEST 250 00:07:41.744 --> 00:07:43.112 HURRICANE WE'VE SEEN? 251 00:07:43.112 --> 00:07:43.846 >> WE'VE HAD SATELLITES AND 252 00:07:43.846 --> 00:07:44.981 BEFORE THAT INSTRUMENTS ON THE 253 00:07:44.981 --> 00:07:46.315 GROUND MEASURING THIS FOR A 254 00:07:46.315 --> 00:07:46.949 LONG TIME. 255 00:07:46.949 --> 00:07:48.818 BUT THE MOST INTENSE STORM WE 256 00:07:48.818 --> 00:07:52.455 EVER SAW IS TYPHOON KIP WHICH 257 00:07:52.455 --> 00:07:54.157 OCCURRED IN THE PHILIPPINES AND 258 00:07:54.157 --> 00:07:56.726 IT WAS 1300 MILES ACROSS. 259 00:07:56.726 --> 00:07:58.794 THAT'S HUMONGOUS! 260 00:07:58.794 --> 00:08:00.663 NOT ONLY A CATEGORY 5 BUT A 261 00:08:00.663 --> 00:08:02.198 SUPER TYPHOON WITH SUSTAINED 262 00:08:02.198 --> 00:08:04.200 WINDS OVER 160 MILES PER HOUR. 263 00:08:04.200 --> 00:08:05.067 >> WHOA! 264 00:08:05.067 --> 00:08:06.602 >> I KNOW. 265 00:08:06.602 --> 00:08:07.803 >> A FOLLOW-UP QUESTION FOR 266 00:08:07.803 --> 00:08:10.339 THAT IS HOW DAMAGING ARE THESE 267 00:08:10.339 --> 00:08:11.974 STORMS? 268 00:08:11.974 --> 00:08:12.708 >> A LOT OF THE DAMAGE IS 269 00:08:12.708 --> 00:08:14.877 CAUSED BY WINDS, WHICH IS 270 00:08:14.877 --> 00:08:15.945 WHAT'S HAPPENING IN THE EYE 271 00:08:15.945 --> 00:08:17.180 WALL OF THE STORM, THE WINDS 272 00:08:17.180 --> 00:08:18.681 ARE WHIPPING AROUND IN THE 273 00:08:18.681 --> 00:08:19.182 MIDDLE. 274 00:08:19.182 --> 00:08:20.650 EYE IS VERY CALM. 275 00:08:20.650 --> 00:08:22.852 BUT AS YOU GET FURTHER OUT, THE 276 00:08:22.852 --> 00:08:24.320 WINDS ARE IMPORTANT BUT THE 277 00:08:24.320 --> 00:08:26.022 RAIN AND THE RAIN BANDS AROUND 278 00:08:26.022 --> 00:08:28.024 IT TEND TO CAUSE A LOT OF THE 279 00:08:28.024 --> 00:08:29.959 FLOODING THAT WE SEE AS WELL AS 280 00:08:29.959 --> 00:08:32.295 THE STORM SURGE THAT PUSHES 281 00:08:32.295 --> 00:08:34.163 THAT WATER ONTO LAND WHEN IT 282 00:08:34.163 --> 00:08:35.097 MAKES LANDFALL. 283 00:08:35.097 --> 00:08:37.166 AND SO IT'S IMPORTANT TO 284 00:08:37.166 --> 00:08:38.301 FORECAST AND UNDERSTAND HOW THE 285 00:08:38.301 --> 00:08:40.369 STORMS MOVE AND INTENSIFY SO WE 286 00:08:40.369 --> 00:08:41.537 CAN REALLY UNDERSTAND HOW 287 00:08:41.537 --> 00:08:42.838 THEY'RE GOING TO IMPACT PEOPLE 288 00:08:42.838 --> 00:08:44.807 ONCE THEY HIT LAND. 289 00:08:44.807 --> 00:08:45.374 >> WOO! 290 00:08:45.374 --> 00:08:47.410 THAT'S A LOT TO DIGEST RIGHT 291 00:08:47.410 --> 00:08:48.110 THERE. 292 00:08:48.110 --> 00:08:50.780 ONE VERY QUICK QUESTION, WE 293 00:08:50.780 --> 00:08:52.281 TALKED ABOUT THE WIDTH A LITTLE 294 00:08:52.281 --> 00:08:52.882 BIT. 295 00:08:52.882 --> 00:08:54.317 BUT IS THERE ANYTHING UNUSUAL 296 00:08:54.317 --> 00:08:56.085 ABOUT HEIGHTS OR HOW HIGH UP 297 00:08:56.085 --> 00:08:56.819 THEY ARE? 298 00:08:56.819 --> 00:08:59.388 >> SURE, SO AS THESE STORMS -- 299 00:08:59.388 --> 00:09:01.490 THE AIR STARTS TO RISE, WE'RE 300 00:09:01.490 --> 00:09:04.293 ABLE TO SEE THREE DIMENSIONAL 301 00:09:04.293 --> 00:09:06.729 PROFILES OF STORMS UP TO 15 302 00:09:06.729 --> 00:09:07.930 KILOMETERS IN HEIGHT. 303 00:09:07.930 --> 00:09:09.999 THAT'S WAY HIGHER THAN WHERE 304 00:09:09.999 --> 00:09:10.900 PLANES FLY. 305 00:09:10.900 --> 00:09:12.368 SO WITH SATELLITES LIKE THE 306 00:09:12.368 --> 00:09:13.402 GLOBAL PRECIPITATION 307 00:09:13.402 --> 00:09:15.071 MEASUREMENT MISSION, WE CAN SEE 308 00:09:15.071 --> 00:09:16.906 THREE DIMENSIONALLY THROUGH THE 309 00:09:16.906 --> 00:09:18.374 CLOUDS ALL THE WAY UP INTO THE 310 00:09:18.374 --> 00:09:20.009 ATMOSPHERE, HOW THE STORM IS 311 00:09:20.009 --> 00:09:21.177 DISTRIBUTED IN TERMS OF THE 312 00:09:21.177 --> 00:09:21.911 HEAVY RAINFALL. 313 00:09:21.911 --> 00:09:23.412 AND THAT'S REALLY IMPORTANT TO 314 00:09:23.412 --> 00:09:26.182 PROVIDE CLUES TO FORECASTERS TO 315 00:09:26.182 --> 00:09:27.183 UNDERSTAND WHERE THE STORMS 316 00:09:27.183 --> 00:09:28.985 MIGHT GO AND IMPORTANTLY HOW 317 00:09:28.985 --> 00:09:30.653 INTENSE THEY MIGHT BE. 318 00:09:30.653 --> 00:09:32.521 >> THANKS, DALIA, AND WE'LL BE 319 00:09:32.521 --> 00:09:33.689 GETTING BACK TO YOU A LITTLE 320 00:09:33.689 --> 00:09:34.123 LATER. 321 00:09:34.123 --> 00:09:34.457 >> GREAT. 322 00:09:34.457 --> 00:09:35.825 >> YOU MAY HAVE HEARD OF 323 00:09:35.825 --> 00:09:37.827 JUPITER'S GREAT RED SPOT, ONLY 324 00:09:37.827 --> 00:09:39.595 THE LARGEST STORM IN THE SOLAR 325 00:09:39.595 --> 00:09:40.896 SYSTEM, BUT THERE ARE A LOT OF 326 00:09:40.896 --> 00:09:42.498 OTHER REALLY UNUSUAL STORMS IN 327 00:09:42.498 --> 00:09:43.933 OUR SOLAR SYSTEM AND BEYOND 328 00:09:43.933 --> 00:09:44.267 THAT. 329 00:09:44.267 --> 00:09:47.403 SO NASA'S CHIEF SCIENTIST JIM 330 00:09:47.403 --> 00:09:49.839 GREEN IS GOING TO TAKE US ON A 331 00:09:49.839 --> 00:09:52.308 TOUR OF SOME OF THE STORMS IN 332 00:09:52.308 --> 00:09:53.042 THE COSMIC NEIGHBORHOOD. 333 00:09:53.042 --> 00:09:54.543 LET'S FIND OUT, WHAT IS 334 00:09:54.543 --> 00:09:55.111 HAPPENING -- SORRY, WHAT'S 335 00:09:55.111 --> 00:09:57.213 HAPPENING ON VENUS, JIM? 336 00:09:57.213 --> 00:09:58.481 YOU KNOW WHAT? 337 00:09:58.481 --> 00:09:59.915 I CAN TELL YOU SOMETHING THAT'S 338 00:09:59.915 --> 00:10:01.117 HAPPENING ON SATURN RIGHT NOW, 339 00:10:01.117 --> 00:10:03.052 AS WE WAIT FOR JIM. 340 00:10:03.052 --> 00:10:05.087 ONE OF THE EXCITING THINGS WITH 341 00:10:05.087 --> 00:10:06.322 THE CASSINI SPACECRAFT, WE ARE 342 00:10:06.322 --> 00:10:07.690 ABLE TO SEE LIGHTNING AND HEAR 343 00:10:07.690 --> 00:10:09.225 IT ON THE SURFACE OF SATURN. 344 00:10:09.225 --> 00:10:09.725 >> WHOA! 345 00:10:09.725 --> 00:10:11.627 >> THE WAY WE CAN DO THAT IS 346 00:10:11.627 --> 00:10:13.029 SEE THE VISIBLE LIGHT AT NIGHT, 347 00:10:13.029 --> 00:10:14.997 AND THE STORM, IT'S CALLED THE 348 00:10:14.997 --> 00:10:16.766 GREAT WHITE SPOT, LIKE THE 349 00:10:16.766 --> 00:10:19.001 GREAT RED SPOT, IS ACTUALLY SO 350 00:10:19.001 --> 00:10:20.936 WHITE IT'S ALMOST AS LARGE AS 351 00:10:20.936 --> 00:10:21.504 EARTH. 352 00:10:21.504 --> 00:10:23.172 6200 MILES ACROSS. 353 00:10:23.172 --> 00:10:27.076 BUT WHAT'S UNIQUE ABOUT THE GAS 354 00:10:27.076 --> 00:10:28.711 GIANTS RELATIVE TO EARTH, ON 355 00:10:28.711 --> 00:10:30.346 EARTH WE HAVE WARM WATER HEATED 356 00:10:30.346 --> 00:10:32.281 FROM THE SUN THAT CAUSES AND 357 00:10:32.281 --> 00:10:33.716 FUELS THE STORMS LIKE HEAT 358 00:10:33.716 --> 00:10:34.050 ENGINES. 359 00:10:34.050 --> 00:10:35.985 ON THE BIG GAS GIANTS, WE THINK 360 00:10:35.985 --> 00:10:37.787 THAT THE INTERNAL HEAT IS 361 00:10:37.787 --> 00:10:39.288 FUELING THESE STORMS 362 00:10:39.288 --> 00:10:40.890 THEMSELVES. 363 00:10:40.890 --> 00:10:41.957 >> FROM THE CORE? 364 00:10:41.957 --> 00:10:43.626 >> JUST FROM THE HEAT FROM WHEN 365 00:10:43.626 --> 00:10:44.627 THEY WERE BORN. 366 00:10:44.627 --> 00:10:46.495 SO WE'RE STILL LEARNING A LOT 367 00:10:46.495 --> 00:10:47.930 MORE AND SOME OF NASA'S 368 00:10:47.930 --> 00:10:49.365 MISSIONS BOTH THAT ARE FLYING 369 00:10:49.365 --> 00:10:51.634 RIGHT NOW AS WELL AS IN ORBIT 370 00:10:51.634 --> 00:10:54.603 ARE GOING TO TELL US HOW THE 371 00:10:54.603 --> 00:10:56.205 STORMS FORM NOT JUST ON THEIR 372 00:10:56.205 --> 00:10:58.040 PLANET BUT ALL OVER THE GALAXY. 373 00:10:58.040 --> 00:10:59.342 >> HERE'S ANOTHER QUESTION FROM 374 00:10:59.342 --> 00:11:00.710 FACEBOOK, AND CHRISTA IS ASKING 375 00:11:00.710 --> 00:11:02.578 WHAT IS IT LIKE TO WORK FOR 376 00:11:02.578 --> 00:11:03.112 NASA? 377 00:11:03.112 --> 00:11:04.680 >> YOU KNOW, IT'S ONE OF MY 378 00:11:04.680 --> 00:11:05.681 FAVORITE QUESTIONS, WE WORK 379 00:11:05.681 --> 00:11:07.516 WITH AMAZING SCIENTISTS AND 380 00:11:07.516 --> 00:11:08.718 ENGINEERS EVERY DAY. 381 00:11:08.718 --> 00:11:10.453 AND SO ONE OF THE EXCITING 382 00:11:10.453 --> 00:11:12.488 THINGS ABOUT WORKING AT NASA IS 383 00:11:12.488 --> 00:11:14.857 WE HAVE LOTS OF EXCITING 384 00:11:14.857 --> 00:11:16.959 SATELLITE IMAGES, AND 385 00:11:16.959 --> 00:11:18.994 INFORMATION THAT BRINGS US TO 386 00:11:18.994 --> 00:11:21.197 MODEL THESE PHENOMENA ON EARTH. 387 00:11:21.197 --> 00:11:23.432 SO WHAT I DO IS I ACTUALLY USE 388 00:11:23.432 --> 00:11:25.468 SATELLITE DATA FROM NASA AND 389 00:11:25.468 --> 00:11:26.635 PARTNERS TO MODEL LANDSLIDES 390 00:11:26.635 --> 00:11:28.304 AND OTHER NATURAL DISASTERS ON 391 00:11:28.304 --> 00:11:28.637 EARTH. 392 00:11:28.637 --> 00:11:30.373 AND THESE PROVIDE IMPORTANT 393 00:11:30.373 --> 00:11:31.941 INFORMATION TO EMERGENCY 394 00:11:31.941 --> 00:11:33.409 RESPONDERS AND OTHER GROUPS 395 00:11:33.409 --> 00:11:36.479 THAT ARE HELPING TO UNDERSTAND, 396 00:11:36.479 --> 00:11:38.347 MITIGATE AND ULTIMATELY RECOVER 397 00:11:38.347 --> 00:11:41.484 AND BUILD RESILIENCE FOR THESE 398 00:11:41.484 --> 00:11:43.352 TYPES OF DISASTERS, AND SO IT'S 399 00:11:43.352 --> 00:11:44.320 BEEN REALLY EXCITING, AND I 400 00:11:44.320 --> 00:11:45.488 THINK IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT 401 00:11:45.488 --> 00:11:47.390 ALL OF NASA DATA IS FREE AND 402 00:11:47.390 --> 00:11:49.091 OPEN TO THE PUBLIC, AND THAT 403 00:11:49.091 --> 00:11:51.861 PROVIDES AN IMPORTANT SET OF 404 00:11:51.861 --> 00:11:53.262 INFORMATION FOR US TO REALLY 405 00:11:53.262 --> 00:11:55.598 UNDERSTAND AND MOVE FORWARD 406 00:11:55.598 --> 00:11:57.066 WITH CONTRIBUTING TO 407 00:11:57.066 --> 00:11:57.867 UNDERSTANDING DISASTERS AROUND 408 00:11:57.867 --> 00:12:00.202 THE WORLD. 409 00:12:00.202 --> 00:12:01.704 >> I MEAN, IT'S REALLY 410 00:12:01.704 --> 00:12:03.139 WONDERFUL THAT THIS DATA, WHICH 411 00:12:03.139 --> 00:12:08.077 IS CREATED FOR THE PUBLIC, IS 412 00:12:08.077 --> 00:12:10.479 AVAILABLE AFTER A COUPLE OF 413 00:12:10.479 --> 00:12:10.913 DAYS. 414 00:12:10.913 --> 00:12:11.414 >> THAT'S RIGHT. 415 00:12:11.414 --> 00:12:12.581 ANOTHER REALLY IMPORTANT THING 416 00:12:12.581 --> 00:12:14.216 IS THAT WE WORK VERY CLOSELY 417 00:12:14.216 --> 00:12:15.951 WITH OUR PARTNERS. 418 00:12:15.951 --> 00:12:18.621 WE WORK WITH GROUPS LIKE NOAA, 419 00:12:18.621 --> 00:12:20.122 PROVIDES OPERATIONAL FORECASTS 420 00:12:20.122 --> 00:12:22.191 FOR NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER, 421 00:12:22.191 --> 00:12:23.592 FOR EXAMPLE, OR THE JOINT 422 00:12:23.592 --> 00:12:25.027 TYPHOON WARNING CENTER, OR THE 423 00:12:25.027 --> 00:12:26.962 AIR FORCE, ALL OF WHOM PROVIDE 424 00:12:26.962 --> 00:12:27.696 OPERATIONAL FORECASTS. 425 00:12:27.696 --> 00:12:30.232 AND SO BY BEING ABLE TO HAVE 426 00:12:30.232 --> 00:12:31.534 INFORMATION LIKE, YOU KNOW, 427 00:12:31.534 --> 00:12:33.436 THIS HURRICANE HERE, WHERE WE 428 00:12:33.436 --> 00:12:35.337 CAN REALLY UNDERSTAND LAYER BY 429 00:12:35.337 --> 00:12:36.639 LAYER THROUGH THE STORMS, HOW 430 00:12:36.639 --> 00:12:38.507 AND WHY THESE STORMS ARE 431 00:12:38.507 --> 00:12:39.375 DEVELOPING? 432 00:12:39.375 --> 00:12:41.343 SO I KNOW THIS IS KIND OF A FUN 433 00:12:41.343 --> 00:12:42.845 TOOL, BUT WHAT IT REALLY IS 434 00:12:42.845 --> 00:12:44.346 SHOWING IS THE THREE 435 00:12:44.346 --> 00:12:45.648 DIMENSIONAL PROFILES OF THE 436 00:12:45.648 --> 00:12:47.450 STORMS, SO THE COLORS BELOW 437 00:12:47.450 --> 00:12:51.554 SHOW BASAL, BUT WE CAN SEE SNOW 438 00:12:51.554 --> 00:12:52.688 AT THE TOP OF THE HURRICANE, 439 00:12:52.688 --> 00:12:54.190 THE FIRST TIME WE'VE BEEN ABLE 440 00:12:54.190 --> 00:12:55.291 TO DO THAT. 441 00:12:55.291 --> 00:12:56.225 INFORMATION LIKE THIS IS 442 00:12:56.225 --> 00:12:57.560 IMPORTANT TO BRING INTO 443 00:12:57.560 --> 00:12:59.495 FORECAST MODELS, AND HELP US TO 444 00:12:59.495 --> 00:13:01.030 BETTER PREDICT THE TRAJECTORY, 445 00:13:01.030 --> 00:13:03.032 THE INTENSITY, AND THE IMPACTS 446 00:13:03.032 --> 00:13:04.700 THAT THE STORMS MIGHT HAVE 447 00:13:04.700 --> 00:13:06.735 LATER ON, BUT WE CAN'T DO IT 448 00:13:06.735 --> 00:13:08.871 ALONE AND OUR PARTNERS ARE 449 00:13:08.871 --> 00:13:09.972 CRITICAL IN ADVANCING OUR 450 00:13:09.972 --> 00:13:10.639 UNDERSTANDING. 451 00:13:10.639 --> 00:13:12.007 >> ALL RIGHT, THANKS, DALIA. 452 00:13:12.007 --> 00:13:14.009 IT LOOKS LIKE OUR CHIEF 453 00:13:14.009 --> 00:13:15.344 SCIENTIST JIM GREEN IS NOW 454 00:13:15.344 --> 00:13:16.412 AVAILABLE TO GIVE US OUR 455 00:13:16.412 --> 00:13:17.046 WEATHER FORECAST. 456 00:13:17.046 --> 00:13:18.464 SO, JIM, WHAT'S HAPPENING ON 457 00:13:18.464 --> 00:13:19.615 VENUS RIGHT NOW? 458 00:13:19.615 --> 00:13:21.150 >> THANKS, SOPHIA! 459 00:13:21.150 --> 00:13:23.085 I'M DYING TO TELL EVERYBODY 460 00:13:23.085 --> 00:13:24.220 ABOUT SOME OF THE WEATHER IN 461 00:13:24.220 --> 00:13:26.589 OUR SOLAR SYSTEM, AND IT CAN BE 462 00:13:26.589 --> 00:13:27.223 EXTREMES. 463 00:13:27.223 --> 00:13:29.558 LET'S START WITH THE 464 00:13:29.558 --> 00:13:32.394 INTERPLANET VENUS. 465 00:13:32.394 --> 00:13:35.130 NOW VENUS, BEAUTIFUL SET OF 466 00:13:35.130 --> 00:13:35.764 CLOUDS. 467 00:13:35.764 --> 00:13:37.032 WE CANNOT SEE THE GROUND 468 00:13:37.032 --> 00:13:39.468 BECAUSE THE CLOUDS ARE SO 469 00:13:39.468 --> 00:13:40.936 DENSE, AND THEY'RE MOVING 470 00:13:40.936 --> 00:13:43.205 RAPIDLY AROUND THE PLANET. 471 00:13:43.205 --> 00:13:44.807 IN SOME CASES, THERE ARE MORE 472 00:13:44.807 --> 00:13:48.077 THAN 225 MILES PER HOUR. 473 00:13:48.077 --> 00:13:49.712 THESE ARE REALLY RAPIDLY MOVING 474 00:13:49.712 --> 00:13:50.746 AROUND THE PLANET. 475 00:13:50.746 --> 00:13:52.248 BUT WHAT ABOUT THE SURFACE? 476 00:13:52.248 --> 00:13:54.617 LET'S GO DOWN TO THE SURFACE. 477 00:13:54.617 --> 00:13:56.886 HERE WE SEE THE GLOBAL SURFACE 478 00:13:56.886 --> 00:13:59.788 OF VENUS WHERE THE REDS ARE THE 479 00:13:59.788 --> 00:14:01.390 HIGHS AND THE BLUES ARE THE 480 00:14:01.390 --> 00:14:04.159 LOWS, AND SO YOU CAN SEE HUGE 481 00:14:04.159 --> 00:14:05.294 VARIATIONS IN ALTITUDE. 482 00:14:05.294 --> 00:14:07.730 BUT ONE THING TO REMEMBER IS 483 00:14:07.730 --> 00:14:08.964 THE TEMPERATURE ON THE SURFACE 484 00:14:08.964 --> 00:14:13.068 OF VENUS IS NEARLY THE SAME 485 00:14:13.068 --> 00:14:14.436 EVERYWHERE ON THE NEAR SIDE, 486 00:14:14.436 --> 00:14:16.438 BUT ALSO ON THE FAR SIDE. 487 00:14:16.438 --> 00:14:19.008 SO BOTH THE NIGHT AND THE DAY 488 00:14:19.008 --> 00:14:21.810 SIDE, AND THAT WEATHER CAN BE 489 00:14:21.810 --> 00:14:23.112 EXTREME. 490 00:14:23.112 --> 00:14:24.880 WE'RE LOOKING FOR LIGHTNING, WE 491 00:14:24.880 --> 00:14:26.382 HAVEN'T SEEN LIGHTNING ON THIS 492 00:14:26.382 --> 00:14:27.449 PLANET YET, BUT THE 493 00:14:27.449 --> 00:14:28.884 TEMPERATURES ARE ENORMOUSLY 494 00:14:28.884 --> 00:14:29.218 HOT. 495 00:14:29.218 --> 00:14:31.554 MORE THAN 800 DEGREES 496 00:14:31.554 --> 00:14:32.087 FAHRENHEIT. 497 00:14:32.087 --> 00:14:34.990 HOT ENOUGH TO MELT LEAD! 498 00:14:34.990 --> 00:14:36.258 IN ADDITION TO THAT, THE 499 00:14:36.258 --> 00:14:38.561 PRESSURE IS ENORMOUS. 500 00:14:38.561 --> 00:14:41.397 90 TIMES OUR OWN PRESSURE. 501 00:14:41.397 --> 00:14:43.599 LET'S MOVE FURTHER OUT IN THE 502 00:14:43.599 --> 00:14:44.099 SOLAR SYSTEM. 503 00:14:44.099 --> 00:14:45.401 LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT THE 504 00:14:45.401 --> 00:14:49.572 WEATHER ON MARS. 505 00:14:49.572 --> 00:14:52.007 MARS IS THIS BEAUTIFUL RED 506 00:14:52.007 --> 00:14:52.408 PLANET. 507 00:14:52.408 --> 00:14:55.177 WE HARDLY SEE ANY CLOUDS. 508 00:14:55.177 --> 00:14:56.412 WE CAN ACTUALLY LOOK THROUGH 509 00:14:56.412 --> 00:14:58.180 THE ATMOSPHERE OF MARS RIGHT 510 00:14:58.180 --> 00:14:59.982 DOWN TO THE SURFACE. 511 00:14:59.982 --> 00:15:01.650 BUT WHAT IS THE SURFACE WEATHER 512 00:15:01.650 --> 00:15:03.285 LIKE ON MARS? 513 00:15:03.285 --> 00:15:05.521 NOW EVERYBODY IS SEEING THE 514 00:15:05.521 --> 00:15:06.889 MOVIES AND IN THE MOVIES LIKE 515 00:15:06.889 --> 00:15:09.758 THE MARTIAN, YOU SEE THE HUGE 516 00:15:09.758 --> 00:15:12.461 DUST STORMS, THE EXTREMES THAT 517 00:15:12.461 --> 00:15:15.097 THEY THOUGHT MARS WAS LIKE, BUT 518 00:15:15.097 --> 00:15:16.498 IT'S NOT LIKE THAT AT ALL. 519 00:15:16.498 --> 00:15:20.269 THE DUST IS REALLY WISPY. 520 00:15:20.269 --> 00:15:21.503 IT'S REALLY HIGH IN THE 521 00:15:21.503 --> 00:15:26.508 ATMOSPHERE, AND HERE YOU SEE A 522 00:15:26.508 --> 00:15:28.210 BEFORE-AND-AFTER GLOBAL DUST 523 00:15:28.210 --> 00:15:29.678 STORM OCCURRING ON MARS LAST 524 00:15:29.678 --> 00:15:30.212 YEAR. 525 00:15:30.212 --> 00:15:32.881 AND IT LASTED FOR ABOUT THREE 526 00:15:32.881 --> 00:15:34.450 MONTHS, AND WHEN THAT DUST 527 00:15:34.450 --> 00:15:37.920 SETTLED OUT AND FELL ONTO THE 528 00:15:37.920 --> 00:15:40.255 GROUND, IT COATED MANY OF THE 529 00:15:40.255 --> 00:15:40.956 SURFACES. 530 00:15:40.956 --> 00:15:44.193 WE NOW HAVE OBSERVED ANOTHER 531 00:15:44.193 --> 00:15:46.161 SPECTACULAR PHENOMENA ON MARS, 532 00:15:46.161 --> 00:15:47.930 AND IT'S THESE DUST DEVILS. 533 00:15:47.930 --> 00:15:53.002 THESE DUST DEVILS SWIRL AROUND 534 00:15:53.002 --> 00:15:55.070 ATMOSPHERE, THESE ARE 535 00:15:55.070 --> 00:15:56.639 SPECTACULAR ATMOSPHERIC 536 00:15:56.639 --> 00:15:57.940 PHENOMENA THAT WE HAD TO GET 537 00:15:57.940 --> 00:15:59.875 DOWN ONTO THE SURFACE AND 538 00:15:59.875 --> 00:16:00.776 REALLY EXPERIENCE BEFORE WE 539 00:16:00.776 --> 00:16:01.910 COULD BELIEVE IT. 540 00:16:01.910 --> 00:16:05.180 WELL, OUR LANDER InSIGHT HAS A 541 00:16:05.180 --> 00:16:06.749 WEATHER CAPABILITY. 542 00:16:06.749 --> 00:16:08.651 IT HAS A WEATHER SYSTEM, IT 543 00:16:08.651 --> 00:16:09.918 MEASURES THE TEMPERATURE AND 544 00:16:09.918 --> 00:16:12.354 PRESSURE ON THE SURFACE OF 545 00:16:12.354 --> 00:16:14.490 MARS, AND THAT VARIATION IN ONE 546 00:16:14.490 --> 00:16:18.293 DAY CAN BE MORE THAN 175 547 00:16:18.293 --> 00:16:18.961 DEGREES. 548 00:16:18.961 --> 00:16:20.796 IT'S A HUGE VARIATION! 549 00:16:20.796 --> 00:16:23.932 BUT IT'S MOSTLY BELOW ZERO. 550 00:16:23.932 --> 00:16:24.867 IN FACT, THE AVERAGE 551 00:16:24.867 --> 00:16:28.070 TEMPERATURE ON MARS IS ABOUT 85 552 00:16:28.070 --> 00:16:30.072 DEGREES BELOW ZERO. 553 00:16:30.072 --> 00:16:32.675 SO BRING YOUR WINTER COAT. 554 00:16:32.675 --> 00:16:35.244 IT'S REALLY COLD ON MARS. 555 00:16:35.244 --> 00:16:37.746 WELL, AS WE GO FURTHER OUT IN 556 00:16:37.746 --> 00:16:39.415 THE SOLAR SYSTEM, LET'S LOOK AT 557 00:16:39.415 --> 00:16:42.084 THE WEATHER ON THIS PLANET, 558 00:16:42.084 --> 00:16:45.220 NEPTUNE. 559 00:16:45.220 --> 00:16:46.555 NEPTUNE, WHICH IS IN THE OUTER 560 00:16:46.555 --> 00:16:48.323 PART OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM IS 561 00:16:48.323 --> 00:16:50.659 WHAT WE CALL AN ICE GIANT. 562 00:16:50.659 --> 00:16:53.796 IT'S A FABULOUSLY BEAUTIFUL 563 00:16:53.796 --> 00:16:55.731 PLANET, TEN TIMES THE MASS OF 564 00:16:55.731 --> 00:16:59.435 OUR EARTH, AND WHEN THE VOYAGER 565 00:16:59.435 --> 00:17:02.871 II SPACECRAFT FLEW BY NEPTUNE 566 00:17:02.871 --> 00:17:05.074 IN THE LATE '80s IT SAW THIS 567 00:17:05.074 --> 00:17:07.376 BEAUTIFUL DARK SPOT, BUT THAT 568 00:17:07.376 --> 00:17:09.611 SPOT FADED AWAY OVER THE YEARS, 569 00:17:09.611 --> 00:17:12.448 BUT JUST RECENTLY A NEW ONE HAS 570 00:17:12.448 --> 00:17:13.015 APPEARED. 571 00:17:13.015 --> 00:17:15.017 THAT ONE HAS APPEARED IN THE 572 00:17:15.017 --> 00:17:16.385 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AND YOU CAN 573 00:17:16.385 --> 00:17:18.987 SEE IT IN THE TOP PART OF THE 574 00:17:18.987 --> 00:17:23.358 HUBBELL OBSERVATION IN 2018. 575 00:17:23.358 --> 00:17:23.892 THIS IS A SPECTACULAR 576 00:17:23.892 --> 00:17:24.259 HURRICANE. 577 00:17:24.259 --> 00:17:25.427 THIS DARK SPOT HAS WINDS THAT 578 00:17:25.427 --> 00:17:27.996 ARE MORE THAN 600 MILES PER 579 00:17:27.996 --> 00:17:28.831 HOUR! 580 00:17:28.831 --> 00:17:30.766 AND AROUND IT, THE CLOUDS ARE 581 00:17:30.766 --> 00:17:39.508 MOVING MORE THAN 1300 MILES PER 582 00:17:39.508 --> 00:17:40.209 HOUR! 583 00:17:40.209 --> 00:17:42.344 WOW, THE MOST BRISK WINDS ARE 584 00:17:42.344 --> 00:17:44.613 ON THE PLANET NEPTUNE. 585 00:17:44.613 --> 00:17:46.315 WHAT IS IT LIKE ON EARTH? 586 00:17:46.315 --> 00:17:47.516 SOPHIA, LET'S TALK ABOUT 587 00:17:47.516 --> 00:17:48.717 HURRICANES ON EARTH. 588 00:17:48.717 --> 00:17:50.018 >> ALL RIGHT, THANKS, JIM. 589 00:17:50.018 --> 00:17:52.154 AND I THINK OUR FRIENDS OVER AT 590 00:17:52.154 --> 00:17:53.322 WALLOPS ARE READY TO RELEASE 591 00:17:53.322 --> 00:17:55.157 THEIR WEATHER BALLOON. 592 00:17:55.157 --> 00:17:56.492 CHELSEA, HOW IS IT GOING OVER 593 00:17:56.492 --> 00:17:58.360 THERE? 594 00:17:58.360 --> 00:18:00.129 >> HEY, SOPHIA, AND WELCOME 595 00:18:00.129 --> 00:18:02.898 BACK TO NASA'S WALLOPS FLIGHT 596 00:18:02.898 --> 00:18:03.398 FACILITY. 597 00:18:03.398 --> 00:18:07.136 RADIO SONDE ATTACHED, BALLOON 598 00:18:07.136 --> 00:18:08.504 FULLY INFLATED AND READY FOR 599 00:18:08.504 --> 00:18:08.837 FLIGHT. 600 00:18:08.837 --> 00:18:10.472 BEFORE THAT, CAN YOU TELL US 601 00:18:10.472 --> 00:18:11.907 MORE ABOUT WHAT WE'RE ABOUT TO 602 00:18:11.907 --> 00:18:12.808 WITNESS TODAY? 603 00:18:12.808 --> 00:18:14.109 >> WE'VE GOT A BEAUTIFUL DAY 604 00:18:14.109 --> 00:18:16.111 FOR A BALLOON RELEASE AT 605 00:18:16.111 --> 00:18:16.445 WALLOPS. 606 00:18:16.445 --> 00:18:17.946 WE'RE GOING TO SEE THE BALLOON 607 00:18:17.946 --> 00:18:19.715 RELEASE IN A MINUTE OR SO, AND 608 00:18:19.715 --> 00:18:21.517 AS IT ASCENDS INTO THE 609 00:18:21.517 --> 00:18:22.618 ATMOSPHERE, WE'RE GOING TO SEE 610 00:18:22.618 --> 00:18:26.522 IT GO THROUGH THE TROPOSPHERE 611 00:18:26.522 --> 00:18:29.391 BEFORE IT REACHES 400 FEET OR 612 00:18:29.391 --> 00:18:31.293 SO AND WE'LL SEE IT POP AND SEE 613 00:18:31.293 --> 00:18:32.294 IT COME BACK DOWN. 614 00:18:32.294 --> 00:18:34.296 BUT WE'RE GOING TO GET A LOT OF 615 00:18:34.296 --> 00:18:35.964 DATA FROM THAT, SHOULD BE VERY 616 00:18:35.964 --> 00:18:36.665 INTERESTING. 617 00:18:36.665 --> 00:18:38.167 >> OTHER THAN SENDING THIS 618 00:18:38.167 --> 00:18:39.368 INFORMATION TO THE NATIONAL 619 00:18:39.368 --> 00:18:40.102 WEATHER SERVICE, WHAT ELSE IS 620 00:18:40.102 --> 00:18:41.937 THIS DATA USED FOR? 621 00:18:41.937 --> 00:18:44.540 >> AT WALLOPS WE DO ORBITAL AND 622 00:18:44.540 --> 00:18:46.108 SUBORBITAL LAUNCHES THAT 623 00:18:46.108 --> 00:18:47.709 REQUIRE US TO DO BALLOON 624 00:18:47.709 --> 00:18:49.011 RELEASES DURING THE COUNTDOWN. 625 00:18:49.011 --> 00:18:50.879 THAT PROVIDES A SAFETY GROUP 626 00:18:50.879 --> 00:18:52.481 HERE WITH A LOT OF INFORMATION, 627 00:18:52.481 --> 00:18:55.217 A LOT OF METEORLOGICAL DATA IS 628 00:18:55.217 --> 00:18:56.852 GIVEN TO THEM DURING THESE 629 00:18:56.852 --> 00:18:57.553 RELEASES. 630 00:18:57.553 --> 00:18:59.655 SO WE'LL DO ABOUT ONE BALLOON 631 00:18:59.655 --> 00:19:01.089 AN HOUR DURING THE COUNTDOWN 632 00:19:01.089 --> 00:19:04.293 AND CLOSER TO T-MINUS 0, ABOUT 633 00:19:04.293 --> 00:19:05.727 EVERY HALF AN HOUR. 634 00:19:05.727 --> 00:19:06.862 THEY HAVE A LOT OF INFORMATION 635 00:19:06.862 --> 00:19:09.064 TO DETERMINE IF WE ARE A GO OR 636 00:19:09.064 --> 00:19:10.799 NO GO FOR LAUNCH. 637 00:19:10.799 --> 00:19:12.668 >> WOW, HOW MANY LAUNCHES DOES 638 00:19:12.668 --> 00:19:14.503 THAT END UP BEING ALTOGETHER 639 00:19:14.503 --> 00:19:15.637 FOR A LAUNCH? 640 00:19:15.637 --> 00:19:17.272 >> GENERALLY, 10 OR 15, WITH 641 00:19:17.272 --> 00:19:18.774 THE LAST RESUPPLY MISSION TO 642 00:19:18.774 --> 00:19:19.675 THE SPACE STATION, WE ACTUALLY 643 00:19:19.675 --> 00:19:22.144 DID 15 BALLOON RELEASES 644 00:19:22.144 --> 00:19:23.078 THROUGHOUT THE COUNTDOWN. 645 00:19:23.078 --> 00:19:25.247 THE METEORLOGICAL TECHNICIANS 646 00:19:25.247 --> 00:19:26.181 ARE VERY BUSY. 647 00:19:26.181 --> 00:19:27.649 >> HEY, SPEAKING OF LAUNCHES, 648 00:19:27.649 --> 00:19:29.084 ARE WE ABOUT READY FOR THIS 649 00:19:29.084 --> 00:19:29.818 COUNTDOWN? 650 00:19:29.818 --> 00:19:31.253 >> I THINK SO, GET TO IT. 651 00:19:31.253 --> 00:19:32.454 >> ALL RIGHT, IS EVERYBODY 652 00:19:32.454 --> 00:19:32.888 READY. 653 00:19:32.888 --> 00:19:34.189 LET'S GET GOING. 654 00:19:34.189 --> 00:19:40.229 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. 655 00:19:40.229 --> 00:19:43.131 THERE IT GOES. 656 00:19:43.131 --> 00:19:45.200 SO AS THIS BALLOON ASCENDS WHAT 657 00:19:45.200 --> 00:19:47.169 DOES THE DATA LOOK LIKE AS IT 658 00:19:47.169 --> 00:19:48.704 COMES BACK TO YOU? 659 00:19:48.704 --> 00:19:50.672 >> WELL, THE FIRST DATA WE GET 660 00:19:50.672 --> 00:19:52.174 IN THE WEATHER OFFICE IS IN THE 661 00:19:52.174 --> 00:19:59.915 FORM OF A SKEW TEE DIAGRAM, 662 00:19:59.915 --> 00:20:01.650 ALSO WIND SPEED AND WIND 663 00:20:01.650 --> 00:20:02.951 DIRECTION AND WE LOOK AT THE 664 00:20:02.951 --> 00:20:04.486 DIAGRAM TO GET AN OVERALL 665 00:20:04.486 --> 00:20:05.787 ASSESSMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE SO 666 00:20:05.787 --> 00:20:07.222 IF IT'S A STABLE ATMOSPHERE 667 00:20:07.222 --> 00:20:08.590 LIKE TODAY, OR SOMETIMES WE 668 00:20:08.590 --> 00:20:11.360 HAVE AN UNSTABLE ATMOSPHERE 669 00:20:11.360 --> 00:20:12.527 WHERE WE HAVE THUNDERSTORM 670 00:20:12.527 --> 00:20:14.229 ACTIVITY, IT'S A VERY IMPORTANT 671 00:20:14.229 --> 00:20:16.398 PART OF DIAGNOSTICS THAT WE DO 672 00:20:16.398 --> 00:20:18.734 FOR WEATHER FORECASTING. 673 00:20:18.734 --> 00:20:20.435 >> WELL, IT SEEMS LIKE WE'RE 674 00:20:20.435 --> 00:20:22.337 ALMOST READY TO TAKE NASA'S 675 00:20:22.337 --> 00:20:24.907 SOCIAL QUESTIONS. 676 00:20:24.907 --> 00:20:26.642 BEFORE THAT, I HAVE A QUICK 677 00:20:26.642 --> 00:20:27.476 QUESTION FOR YOU. 678 00:20:27.476 --> 00:20:29.344 SEEMS LIKE A TON OF DATA WE'RE 679 00:20:29.344 --> 00:20:30.846 GETTING BACK, DOES THIS PAINT 680 00:20:30.846 --> 00:20:32.547 THE FULL PICTURE FOR WEATHER? 681 00:20:32.547 --> 00:20:33.882 >> NOT ENTIRELY, WE DO HAVE 682 00:20:33.882 --> 00:20:35.350 THIS RADIO SIGN INFORMATION 683 00:20:35.350 --> 00:20:37.152 GOING INTO THE COMPUTER MODELS, 684 00:20:37.152 --> 00:20:39.021 BUT THIS IS ALL SENT TO THE 685 00:20:39.021 --> 00:20:39.955 NATIONAL CENTER FOR 686 00:20:39.955 --> 00:20:41.490 ENVIRONMENTAL PREDICTION WITH 687 00:20:41.490 --> 00:20:42.057 NOAA. 688 00:20:42.057 --> 00:20:43.425 IN ADDITION TO THAT, WE HAVE 689 00:20:43.425 --> 00:20:45.460 NASA SATELLITES, WE ALSO HAVE 690 00:20:45.460 --> 00:20:47.462 NOAA SATELLITES FOR THE GOES 691 00:20:47.462 --> 00:20:51.800 AND POES SATELLITES, SURFACE 692 00:20:51.800 --> 00:20:53.101 OBSERVATIONS, RADAR DATA THAT 693 00:20:53.101 --> 00:20:54.903 ARE ALL INCLUDED WITH THE DATA 694 00:20:54.903 --> 00:20:55.270 SET. 695 00:20:55.270 --> 00:20:57.606 SO IT'S A BIG COLLABORATION OF 696 00:20:57.606 --> 00:20:59.508 DATA BUT THE BALLOON IS OUR 697 00:20:59.508 --> 00:21:02.177 HIGHEST RESOLUTION DATA THAT WE 698 00:21:02.177 --> 00:21:04.680 GET, GIVES DATA AT WALLOPS 699 00:21:04.680 --> 00:21:06.648 EVERY SECOND AS IT'S ASCENDING 700 00:21:06.648 --> 00:21:07.549 INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. 701 00:21:07.549 --> 00:21:08.684 >> WOW, THANK YOU FOR ANSWERING 702 00:21:08.684 --> 00:21:10.285 ALL THE QUESTIONS THAT I HAD. 703 00:21:10.285 --> 00:21:11.720 IT'S ABOUT TIME WE TAKE 704 00:21:11.720 --> 00:21:12.487 AUDIENCE QUESTIONS HERE. 705 00:21:12.487 --> 00:21:14.756 I WANT TO REMIND EVERYBODY, IF 706 00:21:14.756 --> 00:21:16.758 ANYBODY HAS QUESTIONS FOR ADAM, 707 00:21:16.758 --> 00:21:20.595 SEND THEM TO ADAM USING 708 00:21:20.595 --> 00:21:21.263 #ASKNASA. 709 00:21:21.263 --> 00:21:22.931 LET'S TAKE A LOOK WHAT WE HAVE 710 00:21:22.931 --> 00:21:23.298 HERE. 711 00:21:23.298 --> 00:21:24.666 SO LOOKS LIKE OUR FIRST 712 00:21:24.666 --> 00:21:25.734 QUESTION IS FROM TWITTER. 713 00:21:25.734 --> 00:21:27.869 WHO WANTS TO KNOW HOW BIG IS 714 00:21:27.869 --> 00:21:28.437 THE BALLOON? 715 00:21:28.437 --> 00:21:30.005 >> WELL, AS YOU CAN SEE WHEN WE 716 00:21:30.005 --> 00:21:31.206 JUST RELEASED IT. 717 00:21:31.206 --> 00:21:32.975 IT'S ABOUT SIX FEET IN 718 00:21:32.975 --> 00:21:33.308 DIAMETER. 719 00:21:33.308 --> 00:21:34.843 BUT THE INTERESTING PART IS 720 00:21:34.843 --> 00:21:36.845 WHEN IT GOES UP INTO THE 721 00:21:36.845 --> 00:21:37.946 ATMOSPHERE, THE PRESSURE DROPS 722 00:21:37.946 --> 00:21:40.682 SO THE BALLOON EXPANDS AS IT 723 00:21:40.682 --> 00:21:41.416 GOES UP IN HEIGHT. 724 00:21:41.416 --> 00:21:43.018 ON A SUCCESSFUL LAUNCH, IF WE 725 00:21:43.018 --> 00:21:45.053 GET UP TO 100,000 FEET, THE 726 00:21:45.053 --> 00:21:47.456 BALLOON WILL EXPAND TO 20 TO 25 727 00:21:47.456 --> 00:21:49.491 FEET IN DIAMETER, AS BIG AS A 728 00:21:49.491 --> 00:21:50.759 SMALL BUILDING IN SOME CASES 729 00:21:50.759 --> 00:21:52.227 BEFORE IT POPS. 730 00:21:52.227 --> 00:21:54.496 IT GETS VERY LARGE AS IT 731 00:21:54.496 --> 00:21:56.131 ASCENDS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. 732 00:21:56.131 --> 00:21:56.665 >> REALLY COOL. 733 00:21:56.665 --> 00:21:58.133 WE HAVE ANOTHER ONE FROM 734 00:21:58.133 --> 00:21:59.701 FACEBOOK USER KATIE WHO WANTS 735 00:21:59.701 --> 00:22:00.769 TO KNOW THE BALLOONS TAKE OFF 736 00:22:00.769 --> 00:22:01.937 IN OTHER PLACES? 737 00:22:01.937 --> 00:22:04.172 >> YES, ACTUALLY WE'RE ONE OF 738 00:22:04.172 --> 00:22:07.242 ABOUT 92 SITES IN THE UNITED 739 00:22:07.242 --> 00:22:08.677 STATES THAT HAVE A BALLOON 740 00:22:08.677 --> 00:22:10.445 PROGRAM WITH THE NATIONAL 741 00:22:10.445 --> 00:22:10.879 WEATHER SERVICE. 742 00:22:10.879 --> 00:22:13.715 SO WE DO TWO BALLOON RELEASES A 743 00:22:13.715 --> 00:22:17.319 DAY, HERE AT WALLOPS, IN OTHER 744 00:22:17.319 --> 00:22:19.821 SITES THEY DO TWO A DAY TO HAVE 745 00:22:19.821 --> 00:22:21.590 A FULL SCOPE OF DATA COMING 746 00:22:21.590 --> 00:22:23.859 FROM THE ENTIRE COUNTRY AND 747 00:22:23.859 --> 00:22:25.260 THROUGHOUT THE WORLD, MANY, 748 00:22:25.260 --> 00:22:26.828 MANY BALLOON RELEASES AS WELL. 749 00:22:26.828 --> 00:22:29.097 IT IS VERY IMPORTANT DATA THAT 750 00:22:29.097 --> 00:22:30.599 WE AS FORECASTERS USE EVERY 751 00:22:30.599 --> 00:22:31.299 DAY. 752 00:22:31.299 --> 00:22:32.768 >> WE'VE GOT GOOD ONES FROM 753 00:22:32.768 --> 00:22:33.168 TWITTER. 754 00:22:33.168 --> 00:22:36.238 HOW MUCH MASS CAN A BALLOON 755 00:22:36.238 --> 00:22:36.805 CARRY? 756 00:22:36.805 --> 00:22:38.073 >> WELL, IT DOESN'T NEED TO 757 00:22:38.073 --> 00:22:38.573 CARRY MUCH. 758 00:22:38.573 --> 00:22:41.676 THAT RADIO SONDE IS VERY LIGHT. 759 00:22:41.676 --> 00:22:43.311 AS IT GOES INTO THE ATMOSPHERE, 760 00:22:43.311 --> 00:22:44.679 IT ASCENDS AND BRINGS THE 761 00:22:44.679 --> 00:22:45.714 INSTRUMENT INTO THE ATMOSPHERE 762 00:22:45.714 --> 00:22:47.716 INTO THE STRATOSPHERE ACTUALLY 763 00:22:47.716 --> 00:22:50.152 TO 100,000 FEET. 764 00:22:50.152 --> 00:22:51.887 SO IT DOESN'T HAVE MUCH WEIGHT 765 00:22:51.887 --> 00:22:52.788 HANGING FROM THE BALLOON. 766 00:22:52.788 --> 00:22:53.755 >> VERY COOL. 767 00:22:53.755 --> 00:22:55.190 WE'VE GOT ANOTHER ONE HERE THAT 768 00:22:55.190 --> 00:22:57.192 ASKS CAN WE SEE WEATHER 769 00:22:57.192 --> 00:22:58.593 BALLOONS FROM SPACE OR FROM 770 00:22:58.593 --> 00:22:59.127 AIRPLANES? 771 00:22:59.127 --> 00:23:00.729 >> YOU CAN SEE THEM FROM 772 00:23:00.729 --> 00:23:01.530 AIRPLANES. 773 00:23:01.530 --> 00:23:02.998 ONE THING WE DEFINITELY WANT TO 774 00:23:02.998 --> 00:23:05.133 MAKE SURE OF WHEN WE DO RELEASE 775 00:23:05.133 --> 00:23:06.735 THESE BALLOONS IS TO GET 776 00:23:06.735 --> 00:23:07.936 CLEARANCE TO RELEASE THE 777 00:23:07.936 --> 00:23:08.336 BALLOONS. 778 00:23:08.336 --> 00:23:10.305 WE DON'T WANT AIRPLANES FLYING 779 00:23:10.305 --> 00:23:12.774 BY AS WE RELEASE THOSE 780 00:23:12.774 --> 00:23:13.175 BALLOONS. 781 00:23:13.175 --> 00:23:15.977 WE DO NOT WANT THEM GOING IN 782 00:23:15.977 --> 00:23:18.146 THROUGH THE ENGINES OF THESE 783 00:23:18.146 --> 00:23:19.548 AIRPLANES, SO DEFINITELY WANT 784 00:23:19.548 --> 00:23:21.516 THOSE CLEARED OUT OF THE WAY. 785 00:23:21.516 --> 00:23:22.617 YOU CAN SEE THEM FROM THE 786 00:23:22.617 --> 00:23:24.352 AIRPLANE, THEY KNOW WHEN WE'RE 787 00:23:24.352 --> 00:23:26.188 RELEASING BALLOONS, THEY DON'T 788 00:23:26.188 --> 00:23:27.789 RUN INTO THEM ASCENDING INTO 789 00:23:27.789 --> 00:23:28.323 THE ATMOSPHERE. 790 00:23:28.323 --> 00:23:29.724 >> IT'S NOT LIKELY WE'LL SEE 791 00:23:29.724 --> 00:23:31.093 ONE LOOKING OUT THE WINDOWS OF 792 00:23:31.093 --> 00:23:31.726 THE AIRPLANE. 793 00:23:31.726 --> 00:23:33.195 >> NOT VERY LIKELY, NOT VERY 794 00:23:33.195 --> 00:23:34.629 LIKELY. 795 00:23:34.629 --> 00:23:36.031 IF SO, IT WILL BE AT A 796 00:23:36.031 --> 00:23:36.364 DISTANCE. 797 00:23:36.364 --> 00:23:37.466 >> ANOTHER PERSON WANTED TO 798 00:23:37.466 --> 00:23:39.267 KNOW HOW HIGH DOES THE BALLOON 799 00:23:39.267 --> 00:23:41.036 TRAVEL AND WHERE DOES IT 800 00:23:41.036 --> 00:23:42.404 COLLECT THE DATA? 801 00:23:42.404 --> 00:23:44.539 >> ABOUT 100,000 FEET IS 802 00:23:44.539 --> 00:23:45.474 GENERALLY WHERE WE ARE 803 00:23:45.474 --> 00:23:46.508 SATISFIED WITH THE BALLOON. 804 00:23:46.508 --> 00:23:48.276 WE HAVE GOTTEN BALLOONS AS HIGH 805 00:23:48.276 --> 00:23:51.513 AS 15,000 OR 20,000 FEET, THE 806 00:23:51.513 --> 00:23:53.949 REQUIREMENT IS 400 MILLIBAR 807 00:23:53.949 --> 00:23:54.449 LEVEL. 808 00:23:54.449 --> 00:23:57.619 IF YOU GO BELOW THAT AND HAVE A 809 00:23:57.619 --> 00:23:59.354 FAILURE, WE HAVE TO DO ANOTHER 810 00:23:59.354 --> 00:23:59.654 BALLOON. 811 00:23:59.654 --> 00:24:00.856 THAT'S THE LEVEL THEY NEED IT 812 00:24:00.856 --> 00:24:02.457 TO GET TO IN ORDER TO BE 813 00:24:02.457 --> 00:24:02.958 SUCCESSFUL. 814 00:24:02.958 --> 00:24:03.658 >> REALLY COOL. 815 00:24:03.658 --> 00:24:05.427 THANK YOU, ADAM, FOR JOINING US 816 00:24:05.427 --> 00:24:06.695 AND ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS 817 00:24:06.695 --> 00:24:07.028 ONLINE. 818 00:24:07.028 --> 00:24:08.363 I THINK THAT'S ALL ABOUT THE 819 00:24:08.363 --> 00:24:09.364 TIME THAT WE HAD. 820 00:24:09.364 --> 00:24:11.333 WE HOPE YOU ENJOYED SEEING OUR 821 00:24:11.333 --> 00:24:11.633 BALLOON. 822 00:24:11.633 --> 00:24:12.634 WE'RE GOING TO BE DOING IT 823 00:24:12.634 --> 00:24:13.969 AGAIN THIS EVENING, RIGHT? 824 00:24:13.969 --> 00:24:16.104 >> THAT'S RIGHT, YEP. 825 00:24:16.104 --> 00:24:16.771 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR 826 00:24:16.771 --> 00:24:18.039 JOINING US AT WALLOPS. 827 00:24:18.039 --> 00:24:20.108 BACK TO YOU, SOPHIA. 828 00:24:20.108 --> 00:24:21.143 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH, CHELSEA. 829 00:24:21.143 --> 00:24:22.310 REALLY COOL TO SEE THE BALLOON 830 00:24:22.310 --> 00:24:23.512 BEING RELEASED. 831 00:24:23.512 --> 00:24:25.881 BUT WE'RE ALSO HERE BACK WITH 832 00:24:25.881 --> 00:24:26.615 DALIA. 833 00:24:26.615 --> 00:24:30.152 SO GO BACK TO SOME EARTH STORM 834 00:24:30.152 --> 00:24:30.485 STUFF. 835 00:24:30.485 --> 00:24:32.787 SO CAN YOU TELL US HOW WE STUDY 836 00:24:32.787 --> 00:24:34.022 STORMS WITH NASA? 837 00:24:34.022 --> 00:24:35.957 >> SURE, NASA AND PARTNERS, WE 838 00:24:35.957 --> 00:24:38.126 HAVE A LOT OF DIFFERENT ASSETS 839 00:24:38.126 --> 00:24:39.594 ALLOWING US TO LOOK AT STORMS 840 00:24:39.594 --> 00:24:41.396 IN THE TROPICS AND UP TO THE 841 00:24:41.396 --> 00:24:41.696 POLLS. 842 00:24:41.696 --> 00:24:43.498 WE HAVE SATELLITES LIKE THE 843 00:24:43.498 --> 00:24:45.934 NOAA-NASA GOES SATELLITE, 844 00:24:45.934 --> 00:24:48.803 22,000 MILES UP AND TAKING 845 00:24:48.803 --> 00:24:49.804 VIEWS OF THE EARTH AT THE SAME 846 00:24:49.804 --> 00:24:51.406 TIME, BEING ABLE TO LOOK AT THE 847 00:24:51.406 --> 00:24:52.574 TOP OF THE CLOUDS AND THE 848 00:24:52.574 --> 00:24:53.208 TEMPERATURE. 849 00:24:53.208 --> 00:24:54.776 FURTHER DOWN, WE CAN START TO 850 00:24:54.776 --> 00:24:56.444 LOOK AT HOW THE STORMS ARE 851 00:24:56.444 --> 00:24:56.845 DISTRIBUTED. 852 00:24:56.845 --> 00:24:59.414 WE TALKED ABOUT GPM A LITTLE 853 00:24:59.414 --> 00:25:00.682 EARLIER IN THE SHOW, BUT WE 854 00:25:00.682 --> 00:25:02.517 HAVE OTHER SATELLITES LIKE THE 855 00:25:02.517 --> 00:25:05.921 CYGNUS CONSTELLATION, SUPER 856 00:25:05.921 --> 00:25:06.221 COOL. 857 00:25:06.221 --> 00:25:08.290 WE CAN LOOK AT GLOBAL 858 00:25:08.290 --> 00:25:09.925 PRECIPITATION USING GPM AND 859 00:25:09.925 --> 00:25:11.159 OTHER PRODUCTS THAT TELLS US 860 00:25:11.159 --> 00:25:12.627 NOT ONLY ABOUT RAIN IN THE 861 00:25:12.627 --> 00:25:15.096 TROPICS BUT ALL THE WAY UP TO 862 00:25:15.096 --> 00:25:16.798 THE POLES, AND SATELLITES LIKE 863 00:25:16.798 --> 00:25:18.099 CYGNUS HAVE A CONSTELLATION 864 00:25:18.099 --> 00:25:23.038 THAT USES GPS TO TELL US ABOUT 865 00:25:23.038 --> 00:25:25.173 WIND SPEEDS IN THE STORMS. 866 00:25:25.173 --> 00:25:25.640 >> WHOA. 867 00:25:25.640 --> 00:25:26.508 >> YEAH. 868 00:25:26.508 --> 00:25:28.643 >> I'D ALSO MENTIONED EARLIER 869 00:25:28.643 --> 00:25:30.645 BUT THE DATA IS HELPING FIRST 870 00:25:30.645 --> 00:25:31.346 RESPONDER. 871 00:25:31.346 --> 00:25:32.714 SO CAN YOU TALK A LITTLE BIT 872 00:25:32.714 --> 00:25:33.515 ABOUT THAT? 873 00:25:33.515 --> 00:25:33.949 >> THAT'S RIGHT. 874 00:25:33.949 --> 00:25:36.184 SO BEING ABLE TO UNDERSTAND THE 875 00:25:36.184 --> 00:25:37.219 IMPACTS OF THESE STORMS. 876 00:25:37.219 --> 00:25:38.587 THE FIRST AND MOST IMPORTANT 877 00:25:38.587 --> 00:25:39.888 THING IS ABOUT FORECASTING 878 00:25:39.888 --> 00:25:40.655 THEM, RIGHT? 879 00:25:40.655 --> 00:25:42.290 SO NASA PROVIDES RESEARCH AND 880 00:25:42.290 --> 00:25:43.892 WITH OUR PARTNERS AT NOAA AND 881 00:25:43.892 --> 00:25:46.161 OTHER CENTERS, WE CAN PROVIDE 882 00:25:46.161 --> 00:25:48.063 ACCURATE FORECASTS OR THEY CAN 883 00:25:48.063 --> 00:25:49.397 PROVIDE FORECASTS WHERE STORMS 884 00:25:49.397 --> 00:25:49.965 ARE GOING. 885 00:25:49.965 --> 00:25:51.299 BUT THERE'S OTHER SATELLITES UP 886 00:25:51.299 --> 00:25:52.667 THERE AND AIRBORNE INFORMATION 887 00:25:52.667 --> 00:25:54.269 THAT CAN PROVIDE US ABOUT HOW 888 00:25:54.269 --> 00:25:56.371 THE STORMS MAY IMPACT PEOPLE. 889 00:25:56.371 --> 00:25:58.373 FOR EXAMPLE, WE CAN LOOK AT HOW 890 00:25:58.373 --> 00:26:01.276 VEGETATION CHANGES AS A STORM 891 00:26:01.276 --> 00:26:01.843 PASSES OVER. 892 00:26:01.843 --> 00:26:04.179 THIS IS AN EXAMPLE, WE CAN SEE 893 00:26:04.179 --> 00:26:05.480 BEFORE AND AFTER HURRICANE 894 00:26:05.480 --> 00:26:09.684 MARIA MOVED OVER BARBUDA, AND 895 00:26:09.684 --> 00:26:10.919 YOU CAN SEE THAT'S ALL OF THESE 896 00:26:10.919 --> 00:26:12.654 -- AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS AND 897 00:26:12.654 --> 00:26:14.189 THE LEAVES AND THE TREES IN THE 898 00:26:14.189 --> 00:26:15.890 AREAS WERE COMPLETELY BLOWN 899 00:26:15.890 --> 00:26:16.591 OFF. 900 00:26:16.591 --> 00:26:18.159 THAT AFFECTS ECOSYSTEMS AND THE 901 00:26:18.159 --> 00:26:19.394 RECOVERY OF AN AREA. 902 00:26:19.394 --> 00:26:22.130 ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF HOW WE CAN 903 00:26:22.130 --> 00:26:24.099 UNDERSTAND IMPACTS IS LOOKING 904 00:26:24.099 --> 00:26:25.700 AT RAINFALL ACCUMULATION. 905 00:26:25.700 --> 00:26:27.102 WE TALKED ABOUT THE RAIN BANDS 906 00:26:27.102 --> 00:26:28.470 IN THE STORMS CAUSE A VAST 907 00:26:28.470 --> 00:26:29.337 AMOUNT OF RAINFALL. 908 00:26:29.337 --> 00:26:33.074 HURRICANE HARVEY, FOR EXAMPLE, 909 00:26:33.074 --> 00:26:35.210 CAUSED OVER 40" OF RAIN TO FALL 910 00:26:35.210 --> 00:26:36.911 OVER THE HOUSTON, OVER THE 911 00:26:36.911 --> 00:26:39.414 TEXAS AREA, AND INLAND FLOODING 912 00:26:39.414 --> 00:26:40.482 IS CRITICAL FOR GROUPS TO 913 00:26:40.482 --> 00:26:42.617 UNDERSTAND, LIKE FEMA, TO 914 00:26:42.617 --> 00:26:46.321 PROVIDE INFORMATION AND SET AND 915 00:26:46.321 --> 00:26:48.056 HELP WHEN THE STORMS PASS. 916 00:26:48.056 --> 00:26:49.624 AND ALSO WE CAN LOOK HOW HUMANS 917 00:26:49.624 --> 00:26:51.159 ARE IMPACTED LOOKING AT THINGS 918 00:26:51.159 --> 00:26:52.494 LIKE POWER OUTAGES. 919 00:26:52.494 --> 00:26:58.066 FROM THE SUOMO NPP MISSION, 920 00:26:58.066 --> 00:27:01.102 THIS IS AFTER HURRICANE MARIA 921 00:27:01.102 --> 00:27:01.870 OVER THE ISLAND. 922 00:27:01.870 --> 00:27:03.838 THIS IS HOW THINGS HAVE CHANGED 923 00:27:03.838 --> 00:27:05.573 IN TERMS OF LOSS OF POWER AND 924 00:27:05.573 --> 00:27:07.942 SEE HOW POWER HAS BEEN RESTORED 925 00:27:07.942 --> 00:27:09.044 ACROSS THE ISLAND. 926 00:27:09.044 --> 00:27:10.912 REALLY IMPORTANT SIGNATURES FOR 927 00:27:10.912 --> 00:27:12.480 HOW WE CAN HELP IN THE RECOVERY 928 00:27:12.480 --> 00:27:13.815 EFFORT. 929 00:27:13.815 --> 00:27:14.949 >> YEAH, THAT'S REALLY GREAT 930 00:27:14.949 --> 00:27:16.518 WE'RE ABLE TO PROVIDE THAT 931 00:27:16.518 --> 00:27:18.653 INFORMATION TO THOSE USEFUL 932 00:27:18.653 --> 00:27:19.120 THINGS. 933 00:27:19.120 --> 00:27:21.189 WHAT OTHER STORMS -- I'M 934 00:27:21.189 --> 00:27:24.426 GETTING HERE -- DOES NASA STUDY 935 00:27:24.426 --> 00:27:25.827 OTHER THAN HURRICANES? 936 00:27:25.827 --> 00:27:27.062 >> HURRICANES AND TROPICAL 937 00:27:27.062 --> 00:27:28.797 CYCLONES OCCUR IN THE TROPICS 938 00:27:28.797 --> 00:27:30.999 TO MID LATITUDES BUT WE HAVE 939 00:27:30.999 --> 00:27:32.367 SATELLITES THAT GO ALL THE WAY 940 00:27:32.367 --> 00:27:34.135 UP TO THE POLLS OR ARCTIC AND 941 00:27:34.135 --> 00:27:35.970 ANTARCTIC CIRCLE TO LOOK HOW 942 00:27:35.970 --> 00:27:37.572 THE STORMS CHANGE FROM TROPICAL 943 00:27:37.572 --> 00:27:39.574 TO EXTRATROPICAL SYSTEMS, 944 00:27:39.574 --> 00:27:40.975 THAT'S IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND 945 00:27:40.975 --> 00:27:43.478 THINGS LIKE LIGHT RAINFALL AND 946 00:27:43.478 --> 00:27:44.379 SNOW AND ICE. 947 00:27:44.379 --> 00:27:47.749 YOU KNOW, THESE CRAZY WINTER 948 00:27:47.749 --> 00:27:49.651 STORMS, SUPERSTORM SANDY WHERE 949 00:27:49.651 --> 00:27:51.219 YOU HAD ALL OF THE CRAZY 950 00:27:51.219 --> 00:27:52.587 SYSTEMS COLLIDING IN ONE PLACE 951 00:27:52.587 --> 00:27:54.989 AND BEING ABLE TO WORK WITH OUR 952 00:27:54.989 --> 00:27:56.124 PARTNERS AND HAVE NASA 953 00:27:56.124 --> 00:27:57.625 SATELLITES AND AIRBORNE ASSETS 954 00:27:57.625 --> 00:27:59.160 TO UNDERSTAND THE STORMS, WE'RE 955 00:27:59.160 --> 00:28:00.395 ABLE TO LOOK AT EVERYTHING FROM 956 00:28:00.395 --> 00:28:01.696 THE TROPICS TO THE POLLS. 957 00:28:01.696 --> 00:28:02.931 >> ALL RIGHT, AND ONE REALLY 958 00:28:02.931 --> 00:28:03.732 QUICK QUESTION FOR YOU. 959 00:28:03.732 --> 00:28:04.799 WHAT IS YOUR FAVORITE THING 960 00:28:04.799 --> 00:28:05.834 ABOUT WORKING HERE? 961 00:28:05.834 --> 00:28:07.569 >> YOU KNOW, I LOVE WE ARE ABLE 962 00:28:07.569 --> 00:28:08.837 TO WORK TOGETHER EVERY DAY, AND 963 00:28:08.837 --> 00:28:12.006 YOU KNOW, I LIKE THAT WE'RE 964 00:28:12.006 --> 00:28:13.074 WORKING TOWARDS WHAT HAPPENED 965 00:28:13.074 --> 00:28:14.743 IN THE PAST USING SATELLITE 966 00:28:14.743 --> 00:28:16.344 DATA TO UNDERSTAND AND MODEL 967 00:28:16.344 --> 00:28:17.779 THE PAST AND LOOK AT WHAT'S 968 00:28:17.779 --> 00:28:18.646 HAPPENING IN THE FUTURE. 969 00:28:18.646 --> 00:28:20.181 UNDERSTANDING HOW CLIMATE 970 00:28:20.181 --> 00:28:21.816 CHANGE IMPACTS OUR EARTH SYSTEM 971 00:28:21.816 --> 00:28:24.419 IS OF CRITICAL IMPORTANCE. 972 00:28:24.419 --> 00:28:25.086 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR 973 00:28:25.086 --> 00:28:26.521 JOINING US, DALIA. 974 00:28:26.521 --> 00:28:27.055 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH. 975 00:28:27.055 --> 00:28:28.289 >> THAT IS ALL THE TIME WE HAVE 976 00:28:28.289 --> 00:28:28.890 FOR TODAY. 977 00:28:28.890 --> 00:28:30.392 BUT IF YOU WANT TO LEARN MORE, 978 00:28:30.392 --> 00:28:33.395 VISIT NASA.GOV/HURRICANE OR 979 00:28:33.395 --> 00:28:34.863 VISIT NASA HURRICANE OR NASA 980 00:28:34.863 --> 00:28:36.264 RAIN ON FACEBOOK AND TWITTER. 981 00:28:36.264 --> 00:28:39.234 AND BE SURE TO TUNE IN NEXT 982 00:28:39.234 --> 00:28:39.968 MONTH. 983 00:28:39.968 --> 00:28:42.137 ON JUNE 26th, WE'RE TALKING 984 00:28:42.137 --> 00:28:43.271 ABOUT SPACE ROCKS. 985 00:28:43.271 --> 00:28:45.640 WE'RE GOING TO DISCUSS HOW NASA 986 00:28:45.640 --> 00:28:48.143 DETECTS AND TRACKS ASTEROIDS 987 00:28:48.143 --> 00:28:49.210 AND VISIT A DARK SPACECRAFT 988 00:28:49.210 --> 00:28:51.846 BEING BUILT AND MORE.