WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:13.296 --> 00:00:16.066 >> HEY, WE'RE LIVE AT NASA'S 2 00:00:16.066 --> 00:00:17.667 GODDARD SPACE CENTER AND WE'RE 3 00:00:17.667 --> 00:00:20.136 INSIDE THE ROBOTICS OPERATION 4 00:00:20.136 --> 00:00:20.837 CENTER. 5 00:00:20.837 --> 00:00:22.839 THERE'S SOME OF THE TOOLS AND 6 00:00:22.839 --> 00:00:24.808 TECHNOLOGY FOR ROBOTIC 7 00:00:24.808 --> 00:00:25.075 SERVICING. 8 00:00:25.075 --> 00:00:27.043 SO WE'RE CELEBRATING 25 YEARS OF 9 00:00:27.043 --> 00:00:29.312 HUBBLE SERVICING TODAY. 10 00:00:29.312 --> 00:00:32.682 25 YEARS AGO THE FIRST ASTRONAUT 11 00:00:32.682 --> 00:00:35.952 MISSION TO THE HUBBLE SPACE 12 00:00:35.952 --> 00:00:37.420 TELESCOPE TO UPGRADE ITS 13 00:00:37.420 --> 00:00:38.555 COMPONENTS LAUNCHED AND WE'RE 14 00:00:38.555 --> 00:00:39.823 HERE TO TALK ABOUT IT AND 15 00:00:39.823 --> 00:00:42.425 SATELLITE SERVICING PAST, 16 00:00:42.425 --> 00:00:43.827 PRESENT AND FUTURE. 17 00:00:43.827 --> 00:00:45.428 SO YOU MAY BE WONDERING WHAT IS 18 00:00:45.428 --> 00:00:46.329 SATELLITE SERVICING? 19 00:00:46.329 --> 00:00:48.364 THE SAME WAY YOU TAKE YOUR CAR 20 00:00:48.364 --> 00:00:51.201 IN TO GET SERVICED TO GET THE 21 00:00:51.201 --> 00:00:53.770 TIRES ROTATED, THE OIL CHANGED 22 00:00:53.770 --> 00:00:54.804 OR FUELED UP. 23 00:00:54.804 --> 00:00:55.672 SOMETIMES OUR SATELLITES IN 24 00:00:55.672 --> 00:00:56.940 SPACE NEED A LITTLE HELP. 25 00:00:56.940 --> 00:00:59.175 AND THAT'S WHERE WE'VE GOT 26 00:00:59.175 --> 00:01:00.977 ASTRONAUTS AND TOOLS AND 27 00:01:00.977 --> 00:01:02.178 ROBOTICS MAY ALL COME IN. 28 00:01:02.178 --> 00:01:04.114 I'M SURE YOU'VE GOT A TON OF 29 00:01:04.114 --> 00:01:06.616 QUESTIONS AND I DO, TOO. 30 00:01:06.616 --> 00:01:12.722 SEND THEM IN TO #ASK NASA FROM 31 00:01:12.722 --> 00:01:15.291 TWITTER, INSTAGRAM AND TWITCH. 32 00:01:15.291 --> 00:01:18.928 WE HAVE GOT OUR FIRST GUEST, YOU 33 00:01:18.928 --> 00:01:21.664 MAY HAVE HEARD OF HIM, CHARLIE 34 00:01:21.664 --> 00:01:24.067 BOLDEN, AND HE'S A FORMER 35 00:01:24.067 --> 00:01:26.102 ASTRONAUT AND HERE AT NASA. 36 00:01:26.102 --> 00:01:28.071 >> THANK YOU. 37 00:01:28.071 --> 00:01:33.510 >> FIRST AND FOREMOST, TELL OUR 38 00:01:33.510 --> 00:01:35.044 AUDIENCE WHY WE PUT SATELLITES 39 00:01:35.044 --> 00:01:35.478 INTO SPACE. 40 00:01:35.478 --> 00:01:36.946 >> EVERYBODY THINKS ABOUT TV AND 41 00:01:36.946 --> 00:01:39.015 FAR MORE THAN THAT WE USE IT FOR 42 00:01:39.015 --> 00:01:41.017 DISASTER PLANNING AND RELIEF. 43 00:01:41.017 --> 00:01:42.685 USE IT TO HELP FARMERS WHEN 44 00:01:42.685 --> 00:01:43.787 THEY'RE TRYING TO FIGURE OUT HOW 45 00:01:43.787 --> 00:01:44.888 MUCH TO WATER THEIR FIELDS. 46 00:01:44.888 --> 00:01:46.956 WE CAN GET THAT DATA THROUGH 47 00:01:46.956 --> 00:01:47.257 SATELLITES. 48 00:01:47.257 --> 00:01:49.526 VERY SIMPLE THINGS LIKE MAKING 49 00:01:49.526 --> 00:01:52.162 YOUR FITBIT WORK AND OTHER KINDS 50 00:01:52.162 --> 00:01:53.797 OF STUFF, THAT'S SATELLITE DATA. 51 00:01:53.797 --> 00:01:55.465 WHAT WE'VE DONE OVER THE YEARS 52 00:01:55.465 --> 00:01:58.902 IS MADE SATELLITES MORE AND MORE 53 00:01:58.902 --> 00:01:59.769 CAPABLE, AS YOU MENTIONED 54 00:01:59.769 --> 00:02:01.104 EARLIER IN YOUR INTRO, SUCH THAT 55 00:02:01.104 --> 00:02:03.106 THEY DO A LOT OF THE WORK THAT 56 00:02:03.106 --> 00:02:04.641 WE WANT HUMANS TO BE ABLE TO DO, 57 00:02:04.641 --> 00:02:06.276 BUT WE DON'T WANT TO PUT THE 58 00:02:06.276 --> 00:02:07.477 HUMANS AT RISK. 59 00:02:07.477 --> 00:02:09.445 SO, SATELLITES AND ROBOTIC 60 00:02:09.445 --> 00:02:11.181 DEVICES HAVE ENABLED US TO GET 61 00:02:11.181 --> 00:02:13.650 INTO PLACES WHERE IF IT WEREN'T 62 00:02:13.650 --> 00:02:16.719 FOR THE SATELLITE WE'D PROBABLY 63 00:02:16.719 --> 00:02:18.588 HAVE TO SEND A HUMAN TO GET THE 64 00:02:18.588 --> 00:02:19.556 ANSWERS THAT WE WANT. 65 00:02:19.556 --> 00:02:21.758 >> HUBBLE WAS DESIGNED TO BE 66 00:02:21.758 --> 00:02:23.693 SERVICES AND WE SEND ASTRONAUTS 67 00:02:23.693 --> 00:02:25.562 UP FIVE DIFFERENT TIMES TO DO 68 00:02:25.562 --> 00:02:25.862 SO. 69 00:02:25.862 --> 00:02:27.463 WHAT EXACTLY DOES A HUMAN 70 00:02:27.463 --> 00:02:28.131 SERVICING MISSION LOOK LIKE? 71 00:02:28.131 --> 00:02:30.867 >> WELL, I DID NOT FLY ON ONE OF 72 00:02:30.867 --> 00:02:33.970 THE SERVICING MISSIONS. 73 00:02:33.970 --> 00:02:38.474 I WAS THE PILOT ON SCS 31 WHEN 74 00:02:38.474 --> 00:02:41.244 IT NEEDED TO BE SERVICE, IT HAD 75 00:02:41.244 --> 00:02:43.479 A SPHERICAL ABBERATION TO CAUSE 76 00:02:43.479 --> 00:02:45.815 IT TO NEED GLASSES LIKE I DO. 77 00:02:45.815 --> 00:02:48.351 AND WE HAD A DEVICE THAT WAS A 78 00:02:48.351 --> 00:02:51.654 BIG TELEPHONE BOOTH LOOKING 79 00:02:51.654 --> 00:02:55.191 THINGS WITH OPTICS, AND REMOVE 80 00:02:55.191 --> 00:02:58.094 THE INSTRUMENTS AND PUT THE NEW 81 00:02:58.094 --> 00:03:00.063 OPTICS IN AND REPLACE THE SOLAR 82 00:03:00.063 --> 00:03:02.599 ARRAYS AND GET IT WORKING AND 83 00:03:02.599 --> 00:03:05.301 SEEING THE WAY THAT IT WAS 84 00:03:05.301 --> 00:03:06.569 INTENDED WHEN WII FIRST WERE UP 85 00:03:06.569 --> 00:03:08.271 THERE AND THAT'S THE PURPOSE OF 86 00:03:08.271 --> 00:03:10.940 THE FIRST SERVICING MISSION. 87 00:03:10.940 --> 00:03:13.476 AND THAT DIDN'T HAPPEN TERRIBLY 88 00:03:13.476 --> 00:03:14.744 LONG AFTER IT LAUNCHED. 89 00:03:14.744 --> 00:03:17.447 >> DEPENDS HOW YOU LOOK AT IT, 90 00:03:17.447 --> 00:03:21.050 FROM THE STANDPOINT OF NASA AND 91 00:03:21.050 --> 00:03:22.352 ASTRONOMERS AND GETTING DATA 92 00:03:22.352 --> 00:03:25.622 FROM HUBBLE, TOOK WITH A TOO 93 00:03:25.622 --> 00:03:26.122 LONG. 94 00:03:26.122 --> 00:03:27.257 FROM SOMEBODY AT GODDARD, 95 00:03:27.257 --> 00:03:28.524 PLANNING THE MISSIONS, IT WAS 96 00:03:28.524 --> 00:03:29.292 PRETTY QUICK. 97 00:03:29.292 --> 00:03:30.560 TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHAT WE 98 00:03:30.560 --> 00:03:33.863 NEEDED TO DO, WHAT KIND OF TOOLS 99 00:03:33.863 --> 00:03:35.899 WE NEEDED TO COME UP WITH AND 100 00:03:35.899 --> 00:03:37.967 YOU'RE GOING TO TALK TO A COUPLE 101 00:03:37.967 --> 00:03:41.204 OF THEM, JEFF AND JOHN LATER, 102 00:03:41.204 --> 00:03:43.306 WHO HAD BEEN WITH HUBBLE YEARS 103 00:03:43.306 --> 00:03:45.308 BEFORE WE FLEW IT AND ENVISIONED 104 00:03:45.308 --> 00:03:47.010 THE KIND OF TOOLS YOU WOULD NEED 105 00:03:47.010 --> 00:03:51.514 IF YOU'RE GOING TO DO CERTAIN 106 00:03:51.514 --> 00:03:54.317 OPERATIONS, CHANGING BATTERIES, 107 00:03:54.317 --> 00:03:56.853 GYROS AND SOLAR ARRAYS. 108 00:03:56.853 --> 00:04:01.224 AND COLD STAR WAS NOT IN THE 109 00:04:01.224 --> 00:04:03.860 PLANS AND THE FOLKS GOT HERE AND 110 00:04:03.860 --> 00:04:05.395 TOOK EXTRA TIME DESIGNING THE 111 00:04:05.395 --> 00:04:08.598 NEW TOOLS WE WOULD NEED AND THE 112 00:04:08.598 --> 00:04:12.502 TACTICS, TECHNIQUES AND 113 00:04:12.502 --> 00:04:13.836 PROCEDURES THAT THE ASTRONAUTS 114 00:04:13.836 --> 00:04:17.006 NEEDED WHEN THEY GOT TO THE 115 00:04:17.006 --> 00:04:17.273 TELESCOPE. 116 00:04:17.273 --> 00:04:18.775 >> YOU HAVE AN INTERESTING 117 00:04:18.775 --> 00:04:20.843 HISTORY WITH NASA. 118 00:04:20.843 --> 00:04:23.880 AN ASTRONAUT AND DEPLOYED HUBBLE 119 00:04:23.880 --> 00:04:25.448 AND AN AN ADMINISTRATOR. 120 00:04:25.448 --> 00:04:26.416 TALK ABOUT YOUR EXPERIENCE. 121 00:04:26.416 --> 00:04:27.617 >> SOMETIMES I THINK THE 122 00:04:27.617 --> 00:04:29.719 PRESIDENT LOOKED BACK WHO DID 123 00:04:29.719 --> 00:04:32.488 THE WORST CAUSING US TROUBLE. 124 00:04:32.488 --> 00:04:34.057 BUT I WAS PRIVILEGED TO SERVE 125 00:04:34.057 --> 00:04:36.592 FOR ALMOST ALL EIGHT YEARS OF 126 00:04:36.592 --> 00:04:42.332 PRESIDENT OBAMA'S YEARS AS NASA 127 00:04:42.332 --> 00:04:42.799 ADMINISTRATOR. 128 00:04:42.799 --> 00:04:45.134 LEADING UP TO THAT I HAD TIME TO 129 00:04:45.134 --> 00:04:46.903 SPEND TIME AT GODDARD AND SIT IN 130 00:04:46.903 --> 00:04:48.805 AND BE BRIEFED ON A LOT OF THE 131 00:04:48.805 --> 00:04:50.239 ROBOTIC MISSIONS THAT WE WANTED 132 00:04:50.239 --> 00:04:51.674 TO FLY. 133 00:04:51.674 --> 00:04:53.309 THINGS LIKE RESTORE THAT WERE 134 00:04:53.309 --> 00:04:55.778 HERE, WHERE WE'RE GOING TO 135 00:04:55.778 --> 00:04:56.980 SERVICE IS SATELLITE THAT MAYBE 136 00:04:56.980 --> 00:04:58.881 NEEDED TO BE REFUELED OR 137 00:04:58.881 --> 00:04:59.749 SERVICED BECAUSE SOME COMPONENT 138 00:04:59.749 --> 00:05:02.285 WASN'T WORKING AND WE GOT TO SEE 139 00:05:02.285 --> 00:05:04.387 QUITE A BIT OF THAT DURING MY 140 00:05:04.387 --> 00:05:05.989 TIME AS A NASA ADMINISTRATOR AND 141 00:05:05.989 --> 00:05:06.556 IT WAS CHALLENGING. 142 00:05:06.556 --> 00:05:08.524 >> SO THE LAST SERVICING 143 00:05:08.524 --> 00:05:08.758 MISSION. 144 00:05:08.758 --> 00:05:08.992 >> YEAH. 145 00:05:08.992 --> 00:05:11.561 >> I UNDERSTAND THAT THERE WAS A 146 00:05:11.561 --> 00:05:15.164 MAYBE DO-MAYBE DON'T SITUATION, 147 00:05:15.164 --> 00:05:15.431 TELL THAT. 148 00:05:15.431 --> 00:05:17.200 >> SEEMS TO POP UP IN THE 149 00:05:17.200 --> 00:05:17.867 STRANGEST PLACES. 150 00:05:17.867 --> 00:05:20.737 >> AFTER I RETIRED FROM THE 151 00:05:20.737 --> 00:05:22.171 MARINE CORPS IN 2003, 152 00:05:22.171 --> 00:05:23.172 UNFORTUNATELY THE NEXT MONTH WE 153 00:05:23.172 --> 00:05:24.440 HAD THE COLUMBIA ACCIDENT AND 154 00:05:24.440 --> 00:05:26.676 THAT CAUSED THE PRESIDENT-- 155 00:05:26.676 --> 00:05:27.610 THE NASA ADMINISTRATOR AT THE 156 00:05:27.610 --> 00:05:29.145 TIME TO CANCEL THE HUBBLE 157 00:05:29.145 --> 00:05:29.979 SERVICING MISSION THAT WAS 158 00:05:29.979 --> 00:05:32.115 SCHEDULED AND IT WAS GOING TO BE 159 00:05:32.115 --> 00:05:33.716 THE LAST PLANNED MISSION. 160 00:05:33.716 --> 00:05:35.752 WE WERE GOING TO TRY TO USE 161 00:05:35.752 --> 00:05:37.820 ROBOTIC THE TO SERVICE THE 162 00:05:37.820 --> 00:05:38.588 SATELLITE AND-- 163 00:05:38.588 --> 00:05:40.790 OR THE OBSERVATORY AND I SERVED 164 00:05:40.790 --> 00:05:41.891 ON A COMMITTEE THAT ACTUALLY 165 00:05:41.891 --> 00:05:44.160 LOOKED AT IT AND THE TECHNOLOGY 166 00:05:44.160 --> 00:05:44.861 WASN'T THERE AT THE TIME AND WE 167 00:05:44.861 --> 00:05:46.929 HAD TO GO IN AND TALK TO THE 168 00:05:46.929 --> 00:05:47.764 NASA ADMINISTRATOR AND EXPLAIN 169 00:05:47.764 --> 00:05:49.899 TO HIM THE SAFEST AND SUREST WAY 170 00:05:49.899 --> 00:05:52.502 TO SAVE HUBBLE WAS TO ACCEPT THE 171 00:05:52.502 --> 00:05:54.937 RISK OF FLYING ONE MORE CRUDE 172 00:05:54.937 --> 00:05:57.140 MISSION TO SERVICE HUBBLE AND 173 00:05:57.140 --> 00:05:59.342 THAT ONE LIKE THE LAST TWO WAS 174 00:05:59.342 --> 00:06:01.244 ABOUT AS AMBITIOUS AS YOU COULD 175 00:06:01.244 --> 00:06:03.513 GET, WE HAD FIVE DAYS IN A ROW 176 00:06:03.513 --> 00:06:06.983 OF BACK TO BACK TO BACK TO BACK 177 00:06:06.983 --> 00:06:09.419 EVA'S WITH TREMENDOUS CREWS AND 178 00:06:09.419 --> 00:06:10.553 THINGS GOING WRONG EVERY ONCE IN 179 00:06:10.553 --> 00:06:11.154 A WHILE. 180 00:06:11.154 --> 00:06:13.156 BECAUSE YOU HAD THE COMBINATION 181 00:06:13.156 --> 00:06:14.557 OF PEOPLE ON BOARD WE WORKED 182 00:06:14.557 --> 00:06:16.192 THROUGH IT AND HAD TWO 183 00:06:16.192 --> 00:06:17.760 INCREDIBLY SUCCESSFUL MISSIONS 184 00:06:17.760 --> 00:06:19.762 AND LEFT HUBBLE IN MUCH BETTER 185 00:06:19.762 --> 00:06:21.864 SHAPE TODAY THAN I THINK IT WAS 186 00:06:21.864 --> 00:06:23.199 ENVISIONED TO BE BY ITS ORIGINAL 187 00:06:23.199 --> 00:06:23.466 DESIGNERS. 188 00:06:23.466 --> 00:06:25.101 >> AND THEN ANOTHER THING THAT 189 00:06:25.101 --> 00:06:26.269 WE HAVE TALKED ABOUT WHEN IT 190 00:06:26.269 --> 00:06:28.704 COMES TO SATELLITE SERVICING IS 191 00:06:28.704 --> 00:06:29.672 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 192 00:06:29.672 --> 00:06:31.274 BECAUSE IT WAS QUITE A FEAT. 193 00:06:31.274 --> 00:06:33.776 SO CAN YOU TALK ABOUT WHERE THE 194 00:06:33.776 --> 00:06:34.577 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 195 00:06:34.577 --> 00:06:37.980 FALLS IN ON THE TIMELINE OF NEAR 196 00:06:37.980 --> 00:06:39.482 THE FIRST SERVICING MISSION TO 197 00:06:39.482 --> 00:06:41.350 HUBBLE AND EVOLUTION OF 198 00:06:41.350 --> 00:06:41.617 SERVICING? 199 00:06:41.617 --> 00:06:42.985 >> SOME PEOPLE REMEMBER, WE 200 00:06:42.985 --> 00:06:43.319 WERE-- 201 00:06:43.319 --> 00:06:45.922 WHEN WE DID THE FIRST SERVICING 202 00:06:45.922 --> 00:06:47.156 MISSION TO HUBBLE. 203 00:06:47.156 --> 00:06:49.058 WE WERE LOOKING AT A SPACE 204 00:06:49.058 --> 00:06:51.027 STATION, THERE WAS NO CONCEPT OF 205 00:06:51.027 --> 00:06:53.196 AN INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 206 00:06:53.196 --> 00:06:54.530 ACTUALLY THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 207 00:06:54.530 --> 00:06:56.232 STATION CAME SOME TIME LATER, 208 00:06:56.232 --> 00:06:57.834 BUT WHAT IT DID ALLOW US TO DO 209 00:06:57.834 --> 00:07:00.203 WHEN WE FINALLY MADE THE 210 00:07:00.203 --> 00:07:01.404 DECISION WITH OUR PARTNER 211 00:07:01.404 --> 00:07:02.472 AGENCIES AND THERE ARE FIVE 212 00:07:02.472 --> 00:07:03.506 PARTNER AGENCIES INCLUDING THE 213 00:07:03.506 --> 00:07:05.508 U.S., WHEN THE DECISION WAS 214 00:07:05.508 --> 00:07:07.810 FINALLY MADE TO BUILD THE SPACE 215 00:07:07.810 --> 00:07:09.212 STATION, ONE OF THE SIDE 216 00:07:09.212 --> 00:07:11.013 BENEFITS OF IT WAS IT GAVE US A 217 00:07:11.013 --> 00:07:13.816 PLATFORM WHERE WE COULD ACTUALLY 218 00:07:13.816 --> 00:07:16.285 DEMONSTRATE SOME OF THE NEW 219 00:07:16.285 --> 00:07:18.955 TECHNOLOGIES IN ROBOTICS, FOR 220 00:07:18.955 --> 00:07:21.624 EXAMPLE THE ROBOTIC REFUELING 221 00:07:21.624 --> 00:07:22.492 MISSION, SOMETHING A PRIZE OF 222 00:07:22.492 --> 00:07:24.527 THE FOLK HERE AT GODDARD AND I 223 00:07:24.527 --> 00:07:27.063 UNDERSTAND WE JUST LAUNCHED RM 224 00:07:27.063 --> 00:07:27.263 3. 225 00:07:27.263 --> 00:07:29.232 SO WE HAVE NOW LEARNED HOW TO 226 00:07:29.232 --> 00:07:31.601 REMOVE CAPS AND REPLACE CAPS, TO 227 00:07:31.601 --> 00:07:32.869 CLIP WIRES AND TWIST WIRES AND 228 00:07:32.869 --> 00:07:35.037 NOW WE'RE GETTING READY TO 229 00:07:35.037 --> 00:07:37.306 ACTUALLY USE THE MISSION TO 230 00:07:37.306 --> 00:07:40.209 REFUEL THE LAND SET SATELLITE 231 00:07:40.209 --> 00:07:42.812 MAYBE, BUT WE'RE GOING TO 232 00:07:42.812 --> 00:07:45.715 DEMONSTRATE THAT WE CAN IN FACT 233 00:07:45.715 --> 00:07:48.985 TRANSFER CRYO GENIC MATERIAL AND 234 00:07:48.985 --> 00:07:50.453 PROBABLY THE NEXT STEP WE NEED 235 00:07:50.453 --> 00:07:52.255 TO DO A COMPLETELY ROBOTIC 236 00:07:52.255 --> 00:07:54.157 MISSION TO SERVICE A SATELLITE 237 00:07:54.157 --> 00:07:57.994 ON ORBIT WHICH IS SOMETHING WE 238 00:07:57.994 --> 00:07:59.662 REALLY WANT TO DO. 239 00:07:59.662 --> 00:08:00.897 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 240 00:08:00.897 --> 00:08:03.633 PROVIDE THE LABORATORY OR 241 00:08:03.633 --> 00:08:05.868 WORKSHOP IN SPACE TO GIVE US 242 00:08:05.868 --> 00:08:07.837 VERY GOOD CONFIDENCE THE THINGS 243 00:08:07.837 --> 00:08:09.005 WE SAW IN THE LAB REALLY WERE 244 00:08:09.005 --> 00:08:10.873 GOING TO WORK WHEN WE GOT THEM 245 00:08:10.873 --> 00:08:12.141 INTO THE MICROGRAVITY OF SPACE. 246 00:08:12.141 --> 00:08:12.842 >> THAT'S GREAT. 247 00:08:12.842 --> 00:08:14.243 I KNOW WE'VE GOT QUESTIONS FOR 248 00:08:14.243 --> 00:08:15.378 YOU COMING IN, BUT I UNDERSTAND 249 00:08:15.378 --> 00:08:17.146 THAT WE'RE GOING TO MEET UP WITH 250 00:08:17.146 --> 00:08:18.548 YOU AGAIN LATER SO HOLD OFF AND 251 00:08:18.548 --> 00:08:19.982 LET PEOPLE CONTINUE TO SEND IN 252 00:08:19.982 --> 00:08:21.484 THEIR QUESTIONS. 253 00:08:21.484 --> 00:08:21.884 >> GREAT. 254 00:08:21.884 --> 00:08:24.754 >> AND CHARLIE'S GOT A ROBOT 255 00:08:24.754 --> 00:08:25.221 DEMO LATER. 256 00:08:25.221 --> 00:08:26.889 >> I'M HOPING THAT YOU'LL SPEND 257 00:08:26.889 --> 00:08:29.392 A LOT OF TIME WITH JOHN AND JEFF 258 00:08:29.392 --> 00:08:33.396 HOFFMAN AND SHOW THAT SO I DON'T 259 00:08:33.396 --> 00:08:35.598 HAVE THE CHANCE TO SCREW UP THE 260 00:08:35.598 --> 00:08:35.932 ROBOT. 261 00:08:35.932 --> 00:08:37.033 I'M LOOKING FORWARD TO IT. 262 00:08:37.033 --> 00:08:40.269 AS A PILOT I DIDN'T GET AN 263 00:08:40.269 --> 00:08:42.939 OPPORTUNITY TO USE THE ROBOT, 264 00:08:42.939 --> 00:08:44.407 BUT I'LL PLY MY TRADE. 265 00:08:44.407 --> 00:08:45.241 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH. 266 00:08:45.241 --> 00:08:46.175 WE ARE GOING TO BE DOWN THERE 267 00:08:46.175 --> 00:08:46.842 LATER, BUT SEND IN YOUR 268 00:08:46.842 --> 00:08:49.579 QUESTIONS AND WE'LL GET TO THEM 269 00:08:49.579 --> 00:08:52.081 THROUGHOUT THE SHOW USE THE #ASK 270 00:08:52.081 --> 00:08:54.483 NASA, WE'RE ON TWITTER, 271 00:08:54.483 --> 00:08:56.152 FACEBOOK, INSTAGRAM, TWITCH. 272 00:08:56.152 --> 00:08:57.620 LIKE CHARLIE ALSO MENTIONED 273 00:08:57.620 --> 00:08:58.955 WE'VE GOT TWO OF THE HUBBLE 274 00:08:58.955 --> 00:09:00.623 ASTRONAUTS HERE WITH US TODAY 275 00:09:00.623 --> 00:09:03.392 THAT ACTUALLY WENT UP AND 276 00:09:03.392 --> 00:09:06.996 SERVICED THE TELESCOPE MULTIPLE 277 00:09:06.996 --> 00:09:07.196 TIMES. 278 00:09:07.196 --> 00:09:10.399 WE'VE GOT JOHN GRUNSFELD AND 279 00:09:10.399 --> 00:09:11.267 JOHN HOFFMAN WITH US. 280 00:09:11.267 --> 00:09:16.138 THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE, GUYS. 281 00:09:16.138 --> 00:09:18.608 >> GREAT TO BE BACK AT GODDARD 282 00:09:18.608 --> 00:09:19.809 AND SPENT HAPPY HOURS GETTING 283 00:09:19.809 --> 00:09:21.043 READY FOR THE FIRST MISSION. 284 00:09:21.043 --> 00:09:22.078 >> JOHN SPENT MORE TIME. 285 00:09:22.078 --> 00:09:23.446 >> I ALWAYS LOVE TO PLAY WITH 286 00:09:23.446 --> 00:09:23.646 TOOLS. 287 00:09:23.646 --> 00:09:25.114 >> I'M SURE YOU DO. 288 00:09:25.114 --> 00:09:27.216 WE'VE GOT A BUNCH OVER HERE AND 289 00:09:27.216 --> 00:09:28.551 LOOKS LIKE YOU MAY KNOW WHAT TO 290 00:09:28.551 --> 00:09:29.385 DO WITH THEM. 291 00:09:29.385 --> 00:09:31.387 IF YOU DON'T MIND SHOWING OUR 292 00:09:31.387 --> 00:09:31.621 VIEWERS. 293 00:09:31.621 --> 00:09:32.121 >> SURE. 294 00:09:32.121 --> 00:09:34.457 YOU SEE THE SIGN, ESP WORK AREA 295 00:09:34.457 --> 00:09:35.791 AND I DON'T WANT TO SHOCK, BUT 296 00:09:35.791 --> 00:09:37.727 YOU YOU KNOW HOW YOU RUB ON A 297 00:09:37.727 --> 00:09:40.196 RUG AND TOUCH THE DOOR HANDLE 298 00:09:40.196 --> 00:09:41.564 AND GET THE SPARK? 299 00:09:41.564 --> 00:09:43.733 THERE'S SENSITIVE STUFF BACK 300 00:09:43.733 --> 00:09:45.301 HERE, ELECTRONICS AND TOOLS THAT 301 00:09:45.301 --> 00:09:46.535 WE DON'T WANT TO BREAK AND WE 302 00:09:46.535 --> 00:09:49.939 ARE GOING TO PUT ON WRISTBANDS 303 00:09:49.939 --> 00:09:51.641 BECAUSE THAT'S THAT PUTS THE 304 00:09:51.641 --> 00:09:52.842 ELECTRICITY TO GROUND AND WE 305 00:09:52.842 --> 00:09:55.611 DON'T WANT DUST TO GET INTO THE 306 00:09:55.611 --> 00:09:57.280 DELICATE COMPONENTS SO WE'LL PUT 307 00:09:57.280 --> 00:09:58.681 ON SMALL POX SO WE DON'T GET 308 00:09:58.681 --> 00:09:59.515 THEM DIRTY. 309 00:09:59.515 --> 00:10:04.320 >> PUT ON THE WRISTBANDS. 310 00:10:04.320 --> 00:10:04.520 AND-- 311 00:10:04.520 --> 00:10:05.655 >> AWESOME. 312 00:10:05.655 --> 00:10:08.224 >> NOW, OF COURSE, WHEN WE'RE 313 00:10:08.224 --> 00:10:09.759 WORKING WITH HUBBLE ON THE 314 00:10:09.759 --> 00:10:11.560 INSTRUMENTS THERE WAS A LOT OF 315 00:10:11.560 --> 00:10:15.031 VERY, VERY SENSITIVE OPTICS, SO, 316 00:10:15.031 --> 00:10:18.100 CONTAMINATION WAS CRITICAL. 317 00:10:18.100 --> 00:10:20.836 WE HAD TO PUT ON MORON THAT THE 318 00:10:20.836 --> 00:10:22.038 SMOCKS, FULL HEAD GEAR. 319 00:10:22.038 --> 00:10:23.706 I HAD A MUSTACHE AT THE TIME AND 320 00:10:23.706 --> 00:10:26.042 JOHN STILL HAS, AND THAT HAD TO 321 00:10:26.042 --> 00:10:28.577 BE COVERED UP AND LITTLE 322 00:10:28.577 --> 00:10:28.978 BOOTIES. 323 00:10:28.978 --> 00:10:31.614 FOR WOMEN, MAYBE FOR MEN, TOO, 324 00:10:31.614 --> 00:10:35.318 NO MAKEUP 'CAUSE THAT MAKEUP 325 00:10:35.318 --> 00:10:38.187 CONTAMINATES THE HUBBLE OPTICS. 326 00:10:38.187 --> 00:10:40.456 >> I DIDN'T WEAR ANY MAKEUP, 327 00:10:40.456 --> 00:10:41.957 WASN'T A PROBLEM. 328 00:10:41.957 --> 00:10:42.692 >> YOU DIDN'T? 329 00:10:42.692 --> 00:10:42.992 LOOK GREAT. 330 00:10:42.992 --> 00:10:45.294 WHEEL YOU'RE SMOCKING UP, CAN 331 00:10:45.294 --> 00:10:46.429 YOU TELL ABOUT THE MISSIONS YOU 332 00:10:46.429 --> 00:10:48.197 WERE ON WITH RESPECT TO HUBBLE? 333 00:10:48.197 --> 00:10:50.533 >> I WAS ON THE VERY FIRST 334 00:10:50.533 --> 00:10:51.233 SERVICING MISSION. 335 00:10:51.233 --> 00:10:53.102 YOU KNOW, CHARLIE BOLDEN WAS ON 336 00:10:53.102 --> 00:10:55.538 THE MISSION THAT PUT HUBBLE IN 337 00:10:55.538 --> 00:10:57.573 ORBIT, AND THEN WHEN WE 338 00:10:57.573 --> 00:10:59.675 DISCOVERED THAT IT COULDN'T 339 00:10:59.675 --> 00:11:02.812 FOCUS PROPERLY, THAT, OF COURSE, 340 00:11:02.812 --> 00:11:04.680 BECAME A REAL DISASTER. 341 00:11:04.680 --> 00:11:06.382 IT HAD ALWAYS BEEN PLANNED THAT 342 00:11:06.382 --> 00:11:08.250 EVERY TWO OR THREE YEARS A CREW 343 00:11:08.250 --> 00:11:09.618 WOULD GO UP TO SERVICE HUBBLE 344 00:11:09.618 --> 00:11:12.388 AND SO, WE WENT UP ABOUT TWO AND 345 00:11:12.388 --> 00:11:15.024 A HALF YEARS AFTER HUBBLE WAS 346 00:11:15.024 --> 00:11:16.392 LAUNCHED, BUT AT THAT POINT THE 347 00:11:16.392 --> 00:11:17.593 PURPOSE OF THE MISSION WAS NOT 348 00:11:17.593 --> 00:11:20.529 JUST TO PUT IN A NEW INSTRUMENT, 349 00:11:20.529 --> 00:11:22.231 WHICH IT ALWAYS HAD BEEN IN THE 350 00:11:22.231 --> 00:11:24.567 PLAN, BUT ACTUALLY TO FIX ALL OF 351 00:11:24.567 --> 00:11:27.536 THE OPTICS, PLUS ABOUT A DOZEN 352 00:11:27.536 --> 00:11:31.874 THINGS THAT HAD BROKEN ON HUBBLE 353 00:11:31.874 --> 00:11:34.677 AND HAD TO BE FIXED IT ENDED UP 354 00:11:34.677 --> 00:11:36.145 BEING THE MOST COMPLEX SHUTTLE 355 00:11:36.145 --> 00:11:37.279 MISSION THAT HAD BEEN PLANNED 356 00:11:37.279 --> 00:11:39.248 AND GIVEN THE SUCCESS OF IT, I 357 00:11:39.248 --> 00:11:41.650 THINK IT REALLY GAVE PEOPLE THE 358 00:11:41.650 --> 00:11:44.420 CONFIDENCE THAT COMPLEX 359 00:11:44.420 --> 00:11:46.188 SERVICING TASKS WERE POSSIBLE 360 00:11:46.188 --> 00:11:48.257 AND I THINK LED THE WAY TO SOME 361 00:11:48.257 --> 00:11:49.892 OF THE EVEN MORE COMPLEX THINGS 362 00:11:49.892 --> 00:11:52.161 THAT JOHN AND HIS CREW MATES DID 363 00:11:52.161 --> 00:11:53.596 ON SOME OF THEIR HUBBLE 364 00:11:53.596 --> 00:11:53.863 MISSIONS. 365 00:11:53.863 --> 00:11:54.697 >> SO WHICH MISSIONS WERE YOU 366 00:11:54.697 --> 00:11:55.631 ON, JOHN? 367 00:11:55.631 --> 00:11:56.999 >> I WAS ON THREE HUBBLE 368 00:11:56.999 --> 00:11:58.467 MISSIONS, THE LAST THREE, IN 369 00:11:58.467 --> 00:11:58.868 FACT. 370 00:11:58.868 --> 00:12:02.138 WE DID A MISSION IN 1999 AND 371 00:12:02.138 --> 00:12:04.707 2002, AND MOST RECENT ONE 2009. 372 00:12:04.707 --> 00:12:07.042 AND AMAZINGLY, HUBBLE IS STILL 373 00:12:07.042 --> 00:12:08.010 WORKING GREAT. 374 00:12:08.010 --> 00:12:09.311 AND I THINK-- 375 00:12:09.311 --> 00:12:11.547 >> AS GOOD AS NEW WHEN THEY 376 00:12:11.547 --> 00:12:12.214 FIXED IT. 377 00:12:12.214 --> 00:12:13.082 >> WHAT WE LEARNED ALMOST 378 00:12:13.082 --> 00:12:15.418 ANYTHING YOU CAN DO ON THE 379 00:12:15.418 --> 00:12:17.319 GROUND, MAYBE WEARING THESE 380 00:12:17.319 --> 00:12:19.522 SUITS AND GLOVES TO PROTECT, BUT 381 00:12:19.522 --> 00:12:20.756 ANYTHING YOU CAN DO ON THE 382 00:12:20.756 --> 00:12:22.191 GROUND, WE CAN LEARN HOW TO DO 383 00:12:22.191 --> 00:12:24.326 IN THE BIG BULKY SPACESUITS, OF 384 00:12:24.326 --> 00:12:25.928 COURSE TAKES US LONGER TO GET 385 00:12:25.928 --> 00:12:27.196 THOSE SUITS ON THAN THE SMOCKS, 386 00:12:27.196 --> 00:12:28.664 BUT ANYTHING YOU CAN DO ON THE 387 00:12:28.664 --> 00:12:31.100 GROUND, YOU CAN FIND A WAY TO DO 388 00:12:31.100 --> 00:12:33.169 IT IN SPACE IF YOU HAVE THE 389 00:12:33.169 --> 00:12:33.969 RIGHT TOOLS. 390 00:12:33.969 --> 00:12:35.704 >> SO THAT'S PROBABLY A GOOD CUE 391 00:12:35.704 --> 00:12:37.706 FOR US TO GO IN AND SHOW THE 392 00:12:37.706 --> 00:12:39.108 PEOPLE WHAT IT IS THAT WE DO. 393 00:12:39.108 --> 00:12:41.610 >> I CHECKED YOUR STATIC OUT, 394 00:12:41.610 --> 00:12:42.144 YOU'RE DO. 395 00:12:42.144 --> 00:12:44.013 >> GIVE THE PEOPLE WHAT THEY 396 00:12:44.013 --> 00:12:44.213 WANT. 397 00:12:44.213 --> 00:12:46.182 >> WE'RE PLUGGED IN HERE AND 398 00:12:46.182 --> 00:12:46.449 GROUNDED. 399 00:12:46.449 --> 00:12:46.949 >> AWESOME. 400 00:12:46.949 --> 00:12:49.218 I GUESS WE'LL START ON THE FAR 401 00:12:49.218 --> 00:12:51.020 SIDE WITH JEFF SINCE YOU WERE 402 00:12:51.020 --> 00:12:52.788 THE ON THE FIRST SERVICING 403 00:12:52.788 --> 00:12:53.022 MISSION. 404 00:12:53.022 --> 00:12:54.490 ANY TOOLS ON THE TABLE, WERE 405 00:12:54.490 --> 00:12:56.358 THEY USED FOR THAT. 406 00:12:56.358 --> 00:12:58.027 >> THIS ONE I HAVE FOND MEMORIES 407 00:12:58.027 --> 00:12:58.360 OF. 408 00:12:58.360 --> 00:12:59.762 THEY'RE ALL POWER TOOLS. 409 00:12:59.762 --> 00:13:01.664 WE DID HAVE MANUAL TOOLS AND ON 410 00:13:01.664 --> 00:13:04.433 A FEW OCCASIONS WE DID USE 411 00:13:04.433 --> 00:13:06.168 MANUAL TOOLS, BUT POWER TOOLS 412 00:13:06.168 --> 00:13:08.771 YOU CAN GET THE JOB DONE SO MUCH 413 00:13:08.771 --> 00:13:12.741 FASTER AND WHEN YOU'RE ON AN EVA 414 00:13:12.741 --> 00:13:15.911 MISSION LIKE THIS, REALLY, 415 00:13:15.911 --> 00:13:17.313 ASTRONAUT TIME OUTSIDE DOING 416 00:13:17.313 --> 00:13:19.548 USEFUL WORK IN THE SPACESUIT IS, 417 00:13:19.548 --> 00:13:21.116 THAT'S THE MOST VALUABLE 418 00:13:21.116 --> 00:13:22.084 CONSUMABLE THAT YOU HAVE. 419 00:13:22.084 --> 00:13:23.219 AND SO ANYTHING YOU CAN DO TO 420 00:13:23.219 --> 00:13:25.054 SPEED UP THE PROCESS, SO, WE DO 421 00:13:25.054 --> 00:13:27.289 USE A LOT OF POWER TOOLS. 422 00:13:27.289 --> 00:13:30.459 NOW, THIS WAS FIRST GENERATION 423 00:13:30.459 --> 00:13:30.793 FOR HUBBLE. 424 00:13:30.793 --> 00:13:34.363 WE WOULD HAVE TOOL CARRIERS AND 425 00:13:34.363 --> 00:13:36.565 I COULD PLUG THIS IN. 426 00:13:36.565 --> 00:13:38.000 IT'S PRETTY HEAVY NOW, BUT 427 00:13:38.000 --> 00:13:39.735 DOESN'T WEIGH ANYTHING UP THERE. 428 00:13:39.735 --> 00:13:48.110 BUT, EVERYTHING HAS TETHERRED 429 00:13:48.110 --> 00:13:50.145 AND YOU HAVE BOLT DRIVERS AND 430 00:13:50.145 --> 00:13:53.082 PINS AND EVERY ONE OF THOSE 431 00:13:53.082 --> 00:13:58.654 DRIVERS HAVE TO HAVE A SEPARATE 432 00:13:58.654 --> 00:13:59.021 TETHERS. 433 00:13:59.021 --> 00:14:01.624 JUST MANAGING THE TETHERS TOOK 434 00:14:01.624 --> 00:14:01.824 TIME. 435 00:14:01.824 --> 00:14:03.492 >> YOU CAN'T AFFORD TO LOSE A 436 00:14:03.492 --> 00:14:03.692 TOOL. 437 00:14:03.692 --> 00:14:05.728 >> BOY, WHEN WE WERE TOOLING THE 438 00:14:05.728 --> 00:14:07.363 TRAINING IN THE POOL, IF YOUR 439 00:14:07.363 --> 00:14:10.466 INSTRUCTOR SAW YOU HADN'T DONE A 440 00:14:10.466 --> 00:14:12.234 TETHER PROPERLY, THEY'D GET ON 441 00:14:12.234 --> 00:14:12.835 YOUR CASE. 442 00:14:12.835 --> 00:14:14.637 AND THE OTHER THING THAT WE'D 443 00:14:14.637 --> 00:14:15.971 USE A TORQUE LIMITER, OF COURSE 444 00:14:15.971 --> 00:14:19.308 GO ON THE END OF THIS BETWEEN 445 00:14:19.308 --> 00:14:20.209 THIS AND THE ACTUAL BOLT THAT 446 00:14:20.209 --> 00:14:22.344 YOU WERE WORKING WITH A 447 00:14:22.344 --> 00:14:24.446 TELESCOPE AND THE REASON FOR 448 00:14:24.446 --> 00:14:29.818 THAT IS, WANT TO JUST PUT THE 449 00:14:29.818 --> 00:14:32.621 BOLT IN WITH ENOUGH FORCE THAT 450 00:14:32.621 --> 00:14:34.356 IT WON'T COME OUT AND YOU DON'T 451 00:14:34.356 --> 00:14:36.659 WANT TO OVERDRIVE IT SO IT MIGHT 452 00:14:36.659 --> 00:14:39.094 GET STUCK OR WORST CASE YOU 453 00:14:39.094 --> 00:14:40.729 COULD ACTUALLY FRACTURE THE BOLT 454 00:14:40.729 --> 00:14:41.764 IN WHICH CASE YOU'RE NEVER GOING 455 00:14:41.764 --> 00:14:43.232 TO GET IT OUT. 456 00:14:43.232 --> 00:14:45.367 SO, WE WERE VERY CAREFUL. 457 00:14:45.367 --> 00:14:46.902 FOR EVERY JOB WE HAD THERE WOULD 458 00:14:46.902 --> 00:14:48.103 BE AN INDICATION IN THE 459 00:14:48.103 --> 00:14:49.905 CHECKLIST, YOU KNOW, SET YOUR 460 00:14:49.905 --> 00:14:52.741 TORQUE LIMITER TO SUCH AND SUCH 461 00:14:52.741 --> 00:14:55.544 A LEVEL AND THEN-- 462 00:14:55.544 --> 00:14:58.113 >> TORQUE IS HOW HARD YOU TURN 463 00:14:58.113 --> 00:14:58.380 SOMETHING. 464 00:14:58.380 --> 00:14:59.348 >> RIGHT. 465 00:14:59.348 --> 00:15:03.052 AND THEN ALSO, 19 TURNS 466 00:15:03.052 --> 00:15:05.154 CLOCK-WISE, AND JUST TO LET THE 467 00:15:05.154 --> 00:15:05.387 PEOPLE-- 468 00:15:05.387 --> 00:15:06.322 >> NOT 20, NOT 18. 469 00:15:06.322 --> 00:15:07.856 >> AND WE WOULD ACTUALLY COUNT 470 00:15:07.856 --> 00:15:08.591 THEM OUT. 471 00:15:08.591 --> 00:15:11.126 I'D BE THERE DOING THE THING AND 472 00:15:11.126 --> 00:15:14.296 YOU KNOW, ONE, TWO, AND SO ON. 473 00:15:14.296 --> 00:15:16.265 SO THAT THE PEOPLE ON THE GROUND 474 00:15:16.265 --> 00:15:17.333 COULD REALLY FOLLOW WHAT WE WERE 475 00:15:17.333 --> 00:15:18.534 DOING AND THAT WAS CRITICAL. 476 00:15:18.534 --> 00:15:20.536 BUT THEN, OF COURSE, THIS WAS 477 00:15:20.536 --> 00:15:21.637 THE FIRST GENERATION AND WHEN 478 00:15:21.637 --> 00:15:24.540 YOU GUYS WENT UP, YOU HAD SOME 479 00:15:24.540 --> 00:15:25.074 MORE DEVELOPMENT. 480 00:15:25.074 --> 00:15:26.709 >> AND THAT'S ONE OF THE 481 00:15:26.709 --> 00:15:28.844 FEATURES OF THE HUBBLE PROGRAM 482 00:15:28.844 --> 00:15:31.080 AT LARGE IS AS ASTRONAUTS WE GOT 483 00:15:31.080 --> 00:15:34.283 TO WORK ON A DAILY BASIS WITH 484 00:15:34.283 --> 00:15:36.085 ENGINEERS AND EXCHANGE IDEAS AND 485 00:15:36.085 --> 00:15:36.318 WORK. 486 00:15:36.318 --> 00:15:37.987 SOME THINGS WORKED AND SOME 487 00:15:37.987 --> 00:15:39.755 THINGS DIDN'T SO THIS IS THE 488 00:15:39.755 --> 00:15:42.024 ASTRONAUT DEATH RAY LASER-- 489 00:15:42.024 --> 00:15:42.257 NO. 490 00:15:42.257 --> 00:15:45.527 THIS IS A POWER TOOL THAT'S THE 491 00:15:45.527 --> 00:15:46.929 NEXT GENERATION AND THIS MAY 492 00:15:46.929 --> 00:15:48.430 LOOK MORE LIKE A POWER 493 00:15:48.430 --> 00:15:49.698 SCREWDRIVER THAT YOU HAVE AT 494 00:15:49.698 --> 00:15:50.766 HOME AND INCORPORATES THE 495 00:15:50.766 --> 00:15:51.033 FEATURES. 496 00:15:51.033 --> 00:15:55.504 >> THIS WAS THE BATTERY FOR 497 00:15:55.504 --> 00:15:55.704 THIS. 498 00:15:55.704 --> 00:15:57.039 >> AND THE BATTERY IS NOW IN 499 00:15:57.039 --> 00:15:58.641 HERE AND TORQUE LIMITER IS HERE 500 00:15:58.641 --> 00:16:00.242 AND LAST ELECTRONICS THAT COUNTS 501 00:16:00.242 --> 00:16:01.644 THE TURNS AND TELLS YOU WHAT 502 00:16:01.644 --> 00:16:03.412 THEY ARE, RECORDS WHAT WAS 503 00:16:03.412 --> 00:16:05.247 TORQUED AND SO THIS IS NOW THE 504 00:16:05.247 --> 00:16:06.081 STANDARD WORK TOOL FOR 505 00:16:06.081 --> 00:16:07.650 ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE. 506 00:16:07.650 --> 00:16:10.552 NOW, IT'S PRETTY HEAVY HERE, IN 507 00:16:10.552 --> 00:16:13.055 SPACE EVERYTHING FLOATS. 508 00:16:13.055 --> 00:16:16.992 THIS IS A TOOL THAT'S USED ON 509 00:16:16.992 --> 00:16:18.927 VIRTUALLY EVERY INTERNATIONAL 510 00:16:18.927 --> 00:16:20.829 SPACE STATION SPACE WALK. 511 00:16:20.829 --> 00:16:22.564 WHAT WE DEVELOPED FOR HUBBLE IS 512 00:16:22.564 --> 00:16:23.766 USED ACROSS THE SPACE PROGRAM. 513 00:16:23.766 --> 00:16:25.300 IT DOESN'T NECESSARILY WORK FOR 514 00:16:25.300 --> 00:16:25.768 EVERYTHING. 515 00:16:25.768 --> 00:16:27.169 THIS WAS STILL TOO BIG AND 516 00:16:27.169 --> 00:16:28.504 DIDN'T HAVE THE CAPABILITIES WE 517 00:16:28.504 --> 00:16:30.072 NEEDED FOR SOME OTHER REPAIRS 518 00:16:30.072 --> 00:16:33.108 THAT WE DID ON THE LAST MISSION. 519 00:16:33.108 --> 00:16:36.645 I HAD TO REMOVE A LOT OF TINY 520 00:16:36.645 --> 00:16:38.647 SCREWS IN SPACE AND WHAT DO YOU 521 00:16:38.647 --> 00:16:42.918 NEED TO REMOVE TINY SCREWS IN 522 00:16:42.918 --> 00:16:43.118 SPACE? 523 00:16:43.118 --> 00:16:44.253 A TINY SCREWDRIVER. 524 00:16:44.253 --> 00:16:47.856 >> WE HAD THAT PROBLEM ON THE 525 00:16:47.856 --> 00:16:49.858 FIRST MISSION WITH OUR FINAL EVA 526 00:16:49.858 --> 00:16:52.094 WITH THE SOLAR DRIVE, THAT WE 527 00:16:52.094 --> 00:16:54.797 HAD 2 MILLIMETER SCREWS WE 528 00:16:54.797 --> 00:17:00.402 COULDN'T USE THIS FOR IT, TOO 529 00:17:00.402 --> 00:17:00.569 BIG. 530 00:17:00.569 --> 00:17:04.540 >> WE DEVELOPED THE MINI TOOL 531 00:17:04.540 --> 00:17:06.709 DRIVER, AND ALLOWED US TO DO THE 532 00:17:06.709 --> 00:17:08.677 REPAIRS AND WE THINK OF THE 533 00:17:08.677 --> 00:17:10.145 AMAZING HUBBLE IMAGES, AND JEFF 534 00:17:10.145 --> 00:17:12.381 AND I ARE BOTH ASTRONOMERS AND 535 00:17:12.381 --> 00:17:13.215 LOVE THE SCIENCE. 536 00:17:13.215 --> 00:17:15.451 WE WOULDN'T HAVE ANY OF THAT 537 00:17:15.451 --> 00:17:17.052 UNLESS ON THE FIRST SERVICING 538 00:17:17.052 --> 00:17:19.722 MISSION THEY REPAIRED THE OPTICS 539 00:17:19.722 --> 00:17:21.423 AND PUT NEW INSTRUMENTS IN. 540 00:17:21.423 --> 00:17:23.392 ON EVERY MISSION WE PUT NEW 541 00:17:23.392 --> 00:17:24.193 INSTRUMENTS IN. 542 00:17:24.193 --> 00:17:26.395 >> OF COURSE, EVERY NEW MISSION, 543 00:17:26.395 --> 00:17:29.098 WE WOULD BUILD ON THE 544 00:17:29.098 --> 00:17:30.966 CAPABILITIES THAT HAD BEEN 545 00:17:30.966 --> 00:17:32.301 DEMONSTRATED ON THE PREVIOUS 546 00:17:32.301 --> 00:17:33.535 MISSION SO THAT, YOU KNOW, BY 547 00:17:33.535 --> 00:17:35.604 THE TIME YOU GOT TO THE FINAL 548 00:17:35.604 --> 00:17:36.939 MISSION, WHICH I THINK YOU'RE 549 00:17:36.939 --> 00:17:38.173 GOING TO TALK ABOUT. 550 00:17:38.173 --> 00:17:39.041 >> SURE. 551 00:17:39.041 --> 00:17:41.243 >> THE ACF, BUT YOU DID THINGS 552 00:17:41.243 --> 00:17:43.112 THAT HAD PEOPLE SUGGESTED THAT 553 00:17:43.112 --> 00:17:44.146 THEY COULD HAVE BEEN DONE AT THE 554 00:17:44.146 --> 00:17:45.748 FIRST SERVICING MISSION, THEY'D 555 00:17:45.748 --> 00:17:47.182 HAVE GOTTEN KICKED OUT OF THE 556 00:17:47.182 --> 00:17:47.616 ROOM. 557 00:17:47.616 --> 00:17:49.151 YOU KNOW, THAT'S WAY BEYOND THE 558 00:17:49.151 --> 00:17:50.853 SCOPE OF WHAT ANYBODY COULD DO, 559 00:17:50.853 --> 00:17:52.121 BUT WE DID IT. 560 00:17:52.121 --> 00:17:53.555 >> YEP. 561 00:17:53.555 --> 00:17:54.323 TYPICALLY IF AN INSTRUMENT 562 00:17:54.323 --> 00:17:59.862 FAILED WE'D BRING UP A WHOLE NEW 563 00:17:59.862 --> 00:18:05.300 INSTRUMENT THE SIZE OF A BULKY 564 00:18:05.300 --> 00:18:06.335 REFRIGERATOR. 565 00:18:06.335 --> 00:18:08.170 WE BROUGHT UP, BUT FAILED. 566 00:18:08.170 --> 00:18:11.707 AND WE WERE ABLE TO REPAIR WITH 567 00:18:11.707 --> 00:18:13.509 SPECIAL TOOLS, ALLOWED US TO CUT 568 00:18:13.509 --> 00:18:16.078 A METAL PLATE, TO REMOVE ALL OF 569 00:18:16.078 --> 00:18:17.079 THOSE TINY SCREWS. 570 00:18:17.079 --> 00:18:18.247 >> WITHOUT HAVING THEM FLOAT 571 00:18:18.247 --> 00:18:18.447 AWAY. 572 00:18:18.447 --> 00:18:20.215 >> RIGHT, WE USED A SPECIALIZED 573 00:18:20.215 --> 00:18:22.417 PIECE OF EQUIPMENT THAT KEPT THE 574 00:18:22.417 --> 00:18:24.820 SCREWS ATTACHED SO THAT WE COULD 575 00:18:24.820 --> 00:18:26.555 REMOVE ALL OF THOSE SCREWS. 576 00:18:26.555 --> 00:18:28.090 GET A METAL PLATE OFF, MAYBE I 577 00:18:28.090 --> 00:18:31.927 CAN GET THE PLATE OFF, MAYBE 578 00:18:31.927 --> 00:18:32.094 NOT. 579 00:18:32.094 --> 00:18:34.229 >> DO YOU HAVE ANY FINGERNAILS? 580 00:18:34.229 --> 00:18:37.499 >> I HAVE VERY SMALL 581 00:18:37.499 --> 00:18:38.367 FINGERNAILS. 582 00:18:38.367 --> 00:18:39.601 WE CAN ALWAYS TURN IT OVER. 583 00:18:39.601 --> 00:18:42.137 >> CAN'T DO THAT IN SPACE. 584 00:18:42.137 --> 00:18:43.572 >> INSIDE THERE WERE FOUR 585 00:18:43.572 --> 00:18:45.741 CIRCUIT CUTTERS AND WE WERE ABLE 586 00:18:45.741 --> 00:18:46.475 TO PULL THOSE OUT. 587 00:18:46.475 --> 00:18:48.377 >> THE IDEA OF BEING ABLE TO 588 00:18:48.377 --> 00:18:50.145 WORK ON THE LEVEL OF REMOVING 589 00:18:50.145 --> 00:18:53.248 AND REPLACING CIRCUIT BOARDS, IT 590 00:18:53.248 --> 00:18:55.651 WOULD JUST WOULD HAVE BEEN 591 00:18:55.651 --> 00:18:56.718 UNTHINKABLE WHEN PEOPLE FIRST 592 00:18:56.718 --> 00:18:57.820 STARTED TO THINK ABOUT WHAT 593 00:18:57.820 --> 00:18:59.822 ASTRONAUTS COULD DO IN 594 00:18:59.822 --> 00:19:01.824 SERVICING, BUT AS WE GRADUALLY 595 00:19:01.824 --> 00:19:03.292 GOT MORE CONFIDENCE ONE MISSION 596 00:19:03.292 --> 00:19:04.793 AFTER THE OTHER, YOU ACTUALLY 597 00:19:04.793 --> 00:19:06.128 DID IT. 598 00:19:06.128 --> 00:19:09.064 >> AND EACH MISSION WE DID TRY 599 00:19:09.064 --> 00:19:10.732 THINGS, FOLKS SAID, NO, YOU 600 00:19:10.732 --> 00:19:11.834 CAN'T DO THAT. 601 00:19:11.834 --> 00:19:13.068 WE WOULD GO DO IT. 602 00:19:13.068 --> 00:19:14.102 THIS IS SORT OF THE STATE OF THE 603 00:19:14.102 --> 00:19:15.971 ART FOR PEOPLE IN SPACE NOW AND 604 00:19:15.971 --> 00:19:17.439 SOMETHING I THINK IN THE REALM 605 00:19:17.439 --> 00:19:19.474 OF TODAY, YOU REALLY NEED THE 606 00:19:19.474 --> 00:19:20.542 HUMAN DEXTERITY TO DO, BUT I 607 00:19:20.542 --> 00:19:23.679 THINK A LOT OF THE TASKS THAT WE 608 00:19:23.679 --> 00:19:25.681 DID, REMOVING THE LARGE BULKY 609 00:19:25.681 --> 00:19:26.949 OBJECTS, TODAY WE COULD DO THAT 610 00:19:26.949 --> 00:19:27.583 WITH ROBOTS. 611 00:19:27.583 --> 00:19:30.986 >> WE COULD, OUR ROBOTS HAVE 612 00:19:30.986 --> 00:19:32.254 GOTTEN A LOT MORE SOPHISTICATED 613 00:19:32.254 --> 00:19:34.723 AND THEY'RE WORKING ON ROBOTIC 614 00:19:34.723 --> 00:19:37.392 SERVICING HERE IN GODDARD, THIS 615 00:19:37.392 --> 00:19:44.099 IS THE LAN SATS AND REFUELING. 616 00:19:44.099 --> 00:19:46.235 I LOVE PUTTING ON A SPACESUIT 617 00:19:46.235 --> 00:19:47.002 AND GOING OUTSIDE. 618 00:19:47.002 --> 00:19:48.637 IF THERE'S SOMETHING THAT CAN BE 619 00:19:48.637 --> 00:19:50.939 DONE BY ROBOTS WE OUGHT TO LET 620 00:19:50.939 --> 00:19:53.876 THE ROBOTS DO IT, DESIGN IT FOR 621 00:19:53.876 --> 00:19:54.276 REBOTS. 622 00:19:54.276 --> 00:19:57.346 IF YOU RUN INTO SOMETHING ROBOTS 623 00:19:57.346 --> 00:19:59.414 CAN'T DO IT, THEN A SIMPLER 624 00:19:59.414 --> 00:20:00.549 INTERFACE FOR THE PEOPLE TO DO 625 00:20:00.549 --> 00:20:00.716 IT. 626 00:20:00.716 --> 00:20:02.918 >> IF YOU LOOK AT ROBOTIC TOOLS, 627 00:20:02.918 --> 00:20:04.620 THEY LOOK KIND OF LIKE 628 00:20:04.620 --> 00:20:07.890 EVOLUTIONARY TOOLS FROM THE HAND 629 00:20:07.890 --> 00:20:09.758 TOOLS THAT WE USE, THEY'RE BUILT 630 00:20:09.758 --> 00:20:11.026 IN THE HAND OF THE ROBOT. 631 00:20:11.026 --> 00:20:13.262 I'M EXCITED ABOUT THAT 632 00:20:13.262 --> 00:20:13.562 DEVELOPMENT. 633 00:20:13.562 --> 00:20:16.198 >> I MEAN, WE -- THE IDEA OF 634 00:20:16.198 --> 00:20:19.568 BEING ABLE TO RECYCLE SATELLITES 635 00:20:19.568 --> 00:20:21.236 AND TO IMPROVE THE CAPABILITIES, 636 00:20:21.236 --> 00:20:24.539 WITH IS -- 637 00:20:24.539 --> 00:20:26.208 WHICH IS WHAT WE'VE DONE WITH 638 00:20:26.208 --> 00:20:28.243 HUBBLE, IT'S BEEN A GAME-CHANGER 639 00:20:28.243 --> 00:20:29.745 FOR HUBBLE AND HOPEFULLY AS WE 640 00:20:29.745 --> 00:20:31.313 GO INTO THE FUTURE AND THE 641 00:20:31.313 --> 00:20:32.848 LATTER PART OF THE 21ST CENTURY, 642 00:20:32.848 --> 00:20:34.883 THAT'S GOING TO BE STANDARD 643 00:20:34.883 --> 00:20:35.450 OPERATING PROCEDURE. 644 00:20:35.450 --> 00:20:35.851 >> YES. 645 00:20:35.851 --> 00:20:36.652 >> SO MUCH MORE EFFICIENT. 646 00:20:36.652 --> 00:20:38.153 >> MAKES A LOT OF SENSE AND OF 647 00:20:38.153 --> 00:20:40.055 COURSE, AS WE GO OUT AND EXPLORE 648 00:20:40.055 --> 00:20:41.757 PLANETS, MARS, YOU'RE GOING TO 649 00:20:41.757 --> 00:20:43.992 WANT ROBOTS OUT EXPLORING BEFORE 650 00:20:43.992 --> 00:20:44.893 WE CAN GET THERE, EVEN WHEN 651 00:20:44.893 --> 00:20:46.662 WE'RE THERE AND YOU'LL NEED 652 00:20:46.662 --> 00:20:47.796 REBOTS TO REPAIR THE ROBOTS. 653 00:20:47.796 --> 00:20:49.698 >> THAT WAS AWESOME, THANK YOU 654 00:20:49.698 --> 00:20:50.465 SO MUCH FOR SHARING THOSE TOOLS 655 00:20:50.465 --> 00:20:52.567 AND WE'VE GOT A BUNCH OF 656 00:20:52.567 --> 00:20:53.902 QUESTIONS COMING IN FROM SOCIAL 657 00:20:53.902 --> 00:20:54.503 MEDIA. 658 00:20:54.503 --> 00:20:57.072 YOU'RE SENDING THEM IN ON 659 00:20:57.072 --> 00:20:59.341 FACEBOOK, INSTAGRAM, TWITTER AND 660 00:20:59.341 --> 00:20:59.942 TWITCH. 661 00:20:59.942 --> 00:21:02.878 WE'VE GOT GOOD ONES. 662 00:21:02.878 --> 00:21:03.845 JEFF, THE FIRST QUESTION FOR 663 00:21:03.845 --> 00:21:04.012 YOU. 664 00:21:04.012 --> 00:21:05.514 WHAT WAS THE EXPERIENCE 665 00:21:05.514 --> 00:21:07.416 EMOTIONALLY BEING ON THE FIRST 666 00:21:07.416 --> 00:21:09.017 SERVICING MISSION? 667 00:21:09.017 --> 00:21:12.654 >> OF COURSE, EVERYBODY KNEW HOW 668 00:21:12.654 --> 00:21:15.490 CRITICAL THIS SITUATION WAS AND 669 00:21:15.490 --> 00:21:19.261 AS AN ASTRONOMER I HAVE LOTS OF 670 00:21:19.261 --> 00:21:19.895 ASTRONOMER FRIENDS WHO WOULD 671 00:21:19.895 --> 00:21:22.397 CALL US UP AND SAY, CAN NASA 672 00:21:22.397 --> 00:21:24.866 REALLY FIX THIS? 673 00:21:24.866 --> 00:21:26.768 PEOPLE WHO HAD DEVOTED LARGE 674 00:21:26.768 --> 00:21:29.438 PARTS OF THEIR CAREER TO HUBBLE. 675 00:21:29.438 --> 00:21:30.739 FIRST OF ALL, IT WAS REALLY 676 00:21:30.739 --> 00:21:33.675 EXCITING BEING PUT ON THE CREW. 677 00:21:33.675 --> 00:21:35.944 THIS WAS A PRIMO MISSION, 678 00:21:35.944 --> 00:21:37.713 EVERYBODY KNEW HOW IMPORTANT IT 679 00:21:37.713 --> 00:21:38.013 WAS. 680 00:21:38.013 --> 00:21:40.215 AND THEN YOU KNOW AS AN 681 00:21:40.215 --> 00:21:41.984 ASTRONOMER AND AS AN ASTRONAUT, 682 00:21:41.984 --> 00:21:43.318 YOU MUST HAVE HAD THIS, YOU 683 00:21:43.318 --> 00:21:46.521 KNOW, TO BE ABLE TO PUT TWO 684 00:21:46.521 --> 00:21:48.190 HANDS ON THE GREATEST TELESCOPE 685 00:21:48.190 --> 00:21:50.459 IN THE WORLD UP IN SPACE, I 686 00:21:50.459 --> 00:21:51.893 MEAN, THAT'S SOMETHING I'LL 687 00:21:51.893 --> 00:21:52.494 NEVER FORGET. 688 00:21:52.494 --> 00:21:53.028 THAT'S THE-- 689 00:21:53.028 --> 00:21:55.597 >> I THINK I SAW YOUR HAND 690 00:21:55.597 --> 00:21:57.032 PRINTS ON THE HUBBLE. 691 00:21:57.032 --> 00:21:57.532 [LAUGHTER] 692 00:21:57.532 --> 00:21:58.867 >> I DID HAVE A SIMILAR 693 00:21:58.867 --> 00:21:59.601 EXPERIENCE. 694 00:21:59.601 --> 00:22:01.670 WE GOT UP TO HUBBLE AND IT WAS 695 00:22:01.670 --> 00:22:03.705 MY THIRD SPACE FLIGHT, BUT MY 696 00:22:03.705 --> 00:22:05.240 FIRST SPACE WALK. 697 00:22:05.240 --> 00:22:06.274 YOU'D ALREADY DONE A SPACE WALK. 698 00:22:06.274 --> 00:22:06.575 >> YEAH. 699 00:22:06.575 --> 00:22:08.810 >> AND I WAS ON THE ROBOTIC ARM 700 00:22:08.810 --> 00:22:09.644 AND MOVED BACK TOWARDS THE 701 00:22:09.644 --> 00:22:10.746 HUBBLE AND THERE WAS A MOMENT 702 00:22:10.746 --> 00:22:13.181 THERE, YOU KNOW, WHICH IS THE 703 00:22:13.181 --> 00:22:13.982 PINCH-ME MOMENT WHERE I REACHED 704 00:22:13.982 --> 00:22:16.018 OUT WITH A FINGER AND OF COURSE 705 00:22:16.018 --> 00:22:17.486 I'M WEARING A GLOVE AND 706 00:22:17.486 --> 00:22:19.321 SPACESUIT AND I REACHED OUT WITH 707 00:22:19.321 --> 00:22:21.023 A FINGER AND TOUCHED THE HUBBLE 708 00:22:21.023 --> 00:22:22.391 TO MAKE SURE IT WAS ALL REAL. 709 00:22:22.391 --> 00:22:25.927 >> I MEAN, IT'S A BEAUTIFUL 710 00:22:25.927 --> 00:22:26.194 TELESCOPE. 711 00:22:26.194 --> 00:22:29.297 IT'S COVERED WITH REFLECTIVE 712 00:22:29.297 --> 00:22:30.732 MATERIAL THAT REFLECTS THE 713 00:22:30.732 --> 00:22:34.703 COLORS OF THE EARTH BELOW IT AND 714 00:22:34.703 --> 00:22:38.073 I MEAN, FOR THOSE OF US WHO GOT 715 00:22:38.073 --> 00:22:40.208 TO PLAY A PART IN THE HISTORY OF 716 00:22:40.208 --> 00:22:41.543 THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE, I 717 00:22:41.543 --> 00:22:44.379 THINK FOR ALL OF US, IT WAS THE 718 00:22:44.379 --> 00:22:45.313 HIGHLIGHT OF OUR CAREERS. 719 00:22:45.313 --> 00:22:47.182 >> WE'VE GOT ONE MORE QUESTION 720 00:22:47.182 --> 00:22:49.684 AND I'LL SEND IT OVER TO JOHN. 721 00:22:49.684 --> 00:22:51.853 SO, YOU DID IT THREE TIMES, BUT 722 00:22:51.853 --> 00:22:55.057 HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO GET TO 723 00:22:55.057 --> 00:22:55.290 HUBBLE? 724 00:22:55.290 --> 00:22:57.926 >> WELL, THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION 725 00:22:57.926 --> 00:23:00.762 BECAUSE LAUNCHING FROM PLANET 726 00:23:00.762 --> 00:23:03.632 EARTH TO GET TO EARTH ORBIT ONLY 727 00:23:03.632 --> 00:23:05.133 TAKES EIGHT AND A HALF MINUTES. 728 00:23:05.133 --> 00:23:06.635 KIND OF A ROUGH RIDE, BUT ONCE 729 00:23:06.635 --> 00:23:08.503 YOU GET THERE, IT TOOK US A 730 00:23:08.503 --> 00:23:10.839 COUPLE OF DAYS TO RECONFIGURE 731 00:23:10.839 --> 00:23:12.407 THE SHUTTLE AND TO CHASE DOWN 732 00:23:12.407 --> 00:23:14.743 HUBBLE SO THAT ON THE THIRD DAY, 733 00:23:14.743 --> 00:23:17.145 WE GRABBED THE HUBBLE WITH THE 734 00:23:17.145 --> 00:23:18.180 ROBOTIC ARM OF THE SHUTTLE AND 735 00:23:18.180 --> 00:23:20.415 PUT IT INTO THE PAYLOAD BASE SO 736 00:23:20.415 --> 00:23:23.318 WOO -- 737 00:23:23.318 --> 00:23:25.087 WE COULD WORK ON IT AND TAKES 738 00:23:25.087 --> 00:23:26.321 ABOUT THREE DAYS AND THEN DAY 739 00:23:26.321 --> 00:23:26.955 FOUR THE SPACE WALK. 740 00:23:26.955 --> 00:23:28.223 >> THIS HE KEEP YOU BUSY THERE. 741 00:23:28.223 --> 00:23:30.292 >> IT'S EXCITING WHEN YOU'RE 742 00:23:30.292 --> 00:23:31.927 DOING THAT RENDEZVOUS. 743 00:23:31.927 --> 00:23:33.795 WHEN YOU GET YOUR FIRST GLIMPSE 744 00:23:33.795 --> 00:23:35.464 OF THE TELESCOPE AND IT'S JUST A 745 00:23:35.464 --> 00:23:37.032 LITTLE POINT OF LIGHT, AND THEN 746 00:23:37.032 --> 00:23:39.101 EVERY ORBIT YOU GET A LITTLE 747 00:23:39.101 --> 00:23:41.403 CLOSER AND THEN YOU CAN START TO 748 00:23:41.403 --> 00:23:43.138 SEE ITS FORM AND IT GETS BIGGER 749 00:23:43.138 --> 00:23:44.573 AND WHEN IT FINALLY GETS CLOSE 750 00:23:44.573 --> 00:23:47.242 TO YOU, IT'S BIG, YOU KNOW, 50 751 00:23:47.242 --> 00:23:50.011 FEET FROM TOP TO BOTTOM AND IT'S 752 00:23:50.011 --> 00:23:50.745 REALLY EXCITING. 753 00:23:50.745 --> 00:23:53.849 >> THANK YOU GUYS SO MUCH FOR 754 00:23:53.849 --> 00:23:54.149 BEING HERE. 755 00:23:54.149 --> 00:23:56.418 SO EVERYBODY, IF YOU JUST TUNED 756 00:23:56.418 --> 00:23:57.052 IN. 757 00:23:57.052 --> 00:23:58.954 WE'VE GOT HUBBLE ASTRONAUTS, 758 00:23:58.954 --> 00:24:00.889 JEFF AND JOHN TALKING ABOUT 759 00:24:00.889 --> 00:24:01.389 HUBBLE TOOLS. 760 00:24:01.389 --> 00:24:01.790 THANK YOU SO MUCH. 761 00:24:01.790 --> 00:24:05.827 >> OUR PLEASURE, WE LOVE IT. 762 00:24:05.827 --> 00:24:08.864 >> IT'S BEEN FUN, NOSTALGIC 763 00:24:08.864 --> 00:24:10.432 PICKING THESE UP AGAIN. 764 00:24:10.432 --> 00:24:12.968 WISH I COULD TAKE IT INTO SPACE 765 00:24:12.968 --> 00:24:15.437 AND WE'LL LEAVE IT FOR YOUNGER 766 00:24:15.437 --> 00:24:15.637 GUYS. 767 00:24:15.637 --> 00:24:16.705 >> WE'LL PHONE A FRIEND. 768 00:24:16.705 --> 00:24:20.075 WE'RE HERE IN THE ROBOTICS AREA 769 00:24:20.075 --> 00:24:22.177 FOR GODDARD AND WE TALKED ABOUT 770 00:24:22.177 --> 00:24:23.178 HUBBLE AND WE HAVE TALKED ABOUT 771 00:24:23.178 --> 00:24:26.681 SERVICING AND WE TALKED ABOUT 772 00:24:26.681 --> 00:24:28.116 HUMANS, BUT NOW WE'RE READY TO 773 00:24:28.116 --> 00:24:30.819 TALK ABOUT THE FUTURE AND WHAT 774 00:24:30.819 --> 00:24:32.087 SERVICING MAY LOOK LIKE FROM 775 00:24:32.087 --> 00:24:33.522 HERE ON OUT. 776 00:24:33.522 --> 00:24:35.157 AND TO DO THAT, WE'VE GOT THE 777 00:24:35.157 --> 00:24:37.292 FOLKS WHO ACTUALLY WORK ON SOME 778 00:24:37.292 --> 00:24:38.727 OF THESE INSTRUMENTS THAT YOU'RE 779 00:24:38.727 --> 00:24:40.128 SEEING IN HERE AND TODAY WITH 780 00:24:40.128 --> 00:24:42.130 ME, I'VE GOT BEN REED FROM 781 00:24:42.130 --> 00:24:43.031 SATELLITE SERVICING. 782 00:24:43.031 --> 00:24:45.333 THANKS FOR BEING HERE, BEN. 783 00:24:45.333 --> 00:24:45.867 >> OF COURSE. 784 00:24:45.867 --> 00:24:48.136 >> SO LET'S TALK ABOUT ROBOTIC 785 00:24:48.136 --> 00:24:48.403 SERVICING. 786 00:24:48.403 --> 00:24:51.773 WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USING 787 00:24:51.773 --> 00:24:52.007 ROBOTS? 788 00:24:52.007 --> 00:24:55.143 >> SO, THE ADVANTAGE OF USING 789 00:24:55.143 --> 00:24:57.445 ROBOTS IS THE SAME AS USING 790 00:24:57.445 --> 00:24:59.181 ROBOTS HERE ON THE GROUND. 791 00:24:59.181 --> 00:25:02.350 WE LIKE TO USE THEM IN PLACES, 792 00:25:02.350 --> 00:25:04.019 THE TRADITIONAL PEOPLE LIKE TO 793 00:25:04.019 --> 00:25:05.754 SAY, DUMB, DIRTY AND DANGEROUS. 794 00:25:05.754 --> 00:25:09.090 SO, LET'S FOCUS ON THE 795 00:25:09.090 --> 00:25:09.558 DANGEROUS. 796 00:25:09.558 --> 00:25:10.792 ASTRONAUTS ARE ABSOLUTELY 797 00:25:10.792 --> 00:25:11.126 FABULOUS. 798 00:25:11.126 --> 00:25:13.562 I LOVE THE ASTRONAUT CORPS. 799 00:25:13.562 --> 00:25:16.298 UNFORTUNATELY, WE DON'T HAVE THE 800 00:25:16.298 --> 00:25:18.333 TECHNOLOGY TO PROTECT ASTRONAUTS 801 00:25:18.333 --> 00:25:22.771 FROM RADIATION IN, FOR EXAMPLE, 802 00:25:22.771 --> 00:25:24.639 POLAR ORBIT AROUND THE NORTH AND 803 00:25:24.639 --> 00:25:26.441 SOUTH POLE OF THE EARTH. 804 00:25:26.441 --> 00:25:28.076 RADIATION IS WORSE THERE THAN AT 805 00:25:28.076 --> 00:25:29.477 THE LOWER LATITUDES. 806 00:25:29.477 --> 00:25:33.014 AS A RESULT, WE CAN'T WORK ON 807 00:25:33.014 --> 00:25:34.983 MISSIONS SENDING ASTRONAUTS TO 808 00:25:34.983 --> 00:25:36.251 POLAR ORBIT. 809 00:25:36.251 --> 00:25:37.919 IT WOULDN'T BE GOOD FOR THEIR 810 00:25:37.919 --> 00:25:39.688 HEALTH SO WE'RE NOT CONSIDERING 811 00:25:39.688 --> 00:25:40.689 IT, BUT THAT IS A RIPE 812 00:25:40.689 --> 00:25:43.091 OPPORTUNITY TO DEVELOP ROBOTIC 813 00:25:43.091 --> 00:25:45.327 TECHNOLOGY, BECAUSE THERE ARE A 814 00:25:45.327 --> 00:25:48.129 LOT OF SATELLITES IN LOW EARTH 815 00:25:48.129 --> 00:25:52.100 ORBIT, POLAR, LEE POLAR, IN 816 00:25:52.100 --> 00:25:57.205 FACT, ONE SATELLITE BEEN THERE 817 00:25:57.205 --> 00:26:02.077 SINCE 1999 IS LANCET. 818 00:26:02.077 --> 00:26:05.614 WHAT YOU SEE IS FULL SCALE 819 00:26:05.614 --> 00:26:07.449 MOCKUP OF LANCET 7. 820 00:26:07.449 --> 00:26:09.484 22 FEET LONG AND WE'RE NOT 821 00:26:09.484 --> 00:26:14.456 CONSIDERING SENDING ASTRONAUTS 822 00:26:14.456 --> 00:26:16.358 TO WORK IN THAT ENVIRONMENT. 823 00:26:16.358 --> 00:26:18.059 SO IT'S A PERFECT OPPORTUNITY TO 824 00:26:18.059 --> 00:26:22.230 DEVELOP ROBOTIC TECHNOLOGY TO 825 00:26:22.230 --> 00:26:24.232 SERVICE A SATELLITE LIKE LANCET 826 00:26:24.232 --> 00:26:24.766 7. 827 00:26:24.766 --> 00:26:28.036 WE DON'T VIEW IT AS ROBOTS OR 828 00:26:28.036 --> 00:26:28.570 ASTRONAUTS. 829 00:26:28.570 --> 00:26:30.272 EACH ARE UNIQUE AND EACH HAVE 830 00:26:30.272 --> 00:26:31.640 THE CAPABILITIES THAT OTHERS DO 831 00:26:31.640 --> 00:26:36.845 NOT DUPLICATE. 832 00:26:36.845 --> 00:26:39.881 THEY EACH HAVE DIFFERENT JOBS. 833 00:26:39.881 --> 00:26:41.383 >> HERE, YOU HAVE A COUPLE OF 834 00:26:41.383 --> 00:26:42.851 DIFFERENT WAYS TO SIMULATE BEING 835 00:26:42.851 --> 00:26:43.385 IN SPACE. 836 00:26:43.385 --> 00:26:44.753 CAN YOU EXPLAIN TO THE AUDIENCE 837 00:26:44.753 --> 00:26:46.955 WHAT SOME OF THE WAYS ARE? 838 00:26:46.955 --> 00:26:48.256 >> SURE. 839 00:26:48.256 --> 00:26:50.025 SO, WE HAVE A VACUUM CHAMBER 840 00:26:50.025 --> 00:26:52.460 DOWN THE HALL IN THIS COMPLEX 841 00:26:52.460 --> 00:26:53.461 HERE AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT 842 00:26:53.461 --> 00:26:55.797 CENTER AND THAT'S WHERE WE 843 00:26:55.797 --> 00:26:57.232 SIMULATE THE VACUUM OF SPACE. 844 00:26:57.232 --> 00:26:59.434 IN THIS ROOM WE NEED TO SIMULATE 845 00:26:59.434 --> 00:27:02.137 OTHER ASPECTS OF SPACE, SO, WHAT 846 00:27:02.137 --> 00:27:03.071 IS ANOTHER ASPECT? 847 00:27:03.071 --> 00:27:03.672 IT'S DARK. 848 00:27:03.672 --> 00:27:06.641 IF THE SUN IS NOT SHINING ON YOU 849 00:27:06.641 --> 00:27:07.909 BECAUSE YOU'RE ON THE NIGHT SIDE 850 00:27:07.909 --> 00:27:09.878 OF EARTH, SPACE IS VERY, VERY, 851 00:27:09.878 --> 00:27:10.378 VERY DARK. 852 00:27:10.378 --> 00:27:12.947 AS YOU ALL KNOW, WHEN YOU GO 853 00:27:12.947 --> 00:27:13.615 OUTSIDE AT NIGHT. 854 00:27:13.615 --> 00:27:16.918 THAT'S WHY YOU SEE ALL OF THESE 855 00:27:16.918 --> 00:27:19.487 BLACK CURTAINS, WE NEED TO 856 00:27:19.487 --> 00:27:22.290 SIMULATE A ROBOT WORKING ON A 857 00:27:22.290 --> 00:27:23.725 SATELLITE IN THE ABSENCE OF 858 00:27:23.725 --> 00:27:24.059 LIGHT. 859 00:27:24.059 --> 00:27:26.328 SO WE DO LIGHTS OUT TESTING IN 860 00:27:26.328 --> 00:27:27.595 THIS LABORATORY. 861 00:27:27.595 --> 00:27:28.763 WE KILL ALL THE LIGHTS AND IF 862 00:27:28.763 --> 00:27:33.401 YOU LOOK AT BELOW THE MOCKUP OF 863 00:27:33.401 --> 00:27:36.071 LANCET 7, THESE LIGHTS YOU SEE 864 00:27:36.071 --> 00:27:37.138 THERE THAT'S THE EXACT SAME 865 00:27:37.138 --> 00:27:38.139 LIGHTING THAT WE WOULD USE 866 00:27:38.139 --> 00:27:40.241 DURING A ROBOTIC SERVICING 867 00:27:40.241 --> 00:27:43.878 MISSION OF LANCET 7, 868 00:27:43.878 --> 00:27:45.914 ILLUMINATING THE WORK SITE JUST 869 00:27:45.914 --> 00:27:47.716 AS IT WOULD BE ILLUMINATED IN 870 00:27:47.716 --> 00:27:47.916 SPACE. 871 00:27:47.916 --> 00:27:49.617 THAT'S ONE ASPECT HOW WE 872 00:27:49.617 --> 00:27:50.518 SIMULATE SPACE. 873 00:27:50.518 --> 00:27:53.054 A MORE DIFFICULT ASPECT OF SPACE 874 00:27:53.054 --> 00:27:55.123 THAT WE NEED TO SIMULATE SO THAT 875 00:27:55.123 --> 00:27:57.992 WE CAN BE TESTING IN AS 876 00:27:57.992 --> 00:27:59.127 REALISTIC AN ENVIRONMENT AS 877 00:27:59.127 --> 00:28:01.196 POSSIBLE IS GRAVITY. 878 00:28:01.196 --> 00:28:02.530 NOW, IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO 879 00:28:02.530 --> 00:28:03.498 TURN OFF GRAVITY. 880 00:28:03.498 --> 00:28:06.501 IN FACT, NO ONE KNOWS HOW. 881 00:28:06.501 --> 00:28:08.970 BUT WE CAN SIMULATE NO GRAVITY 882 00:28:08.970 --> 00:28:11.539 BY A ROBOTIC PLATFORM THAT CAN 883 00:28:11.539 --> 00:28:12.941 MOVE OBJECTS AROUND AS IF THEY 884 00:28:12.941 --> 00:28:15.710 WERE FLOATING IN SPACE, AND LET 885 00:28:15.710 --> 00:28:18.179 ME SHOW YOU WHAT OURS LOOKS 886 00:28:18.179 --> 00:28:18.380 LIKE. 887 00:28:18.380 --> 00:28:20.014 COME WITH ME THIS WAY, ERIN. 888 00:28:20.014 --> 00:28:21.883 >> I'M WITH YOU. 889 00:28:21.883 --> 00:28:24.185 >> ALL RIGHT. 890 00:28:24.185 --> 00:28:27.055 SO, FIRST LET ME BACK UP A HALF 891 00:28:27.055 --> 00:28:29.424 A STEP AND POINT OUT THE FACT 892 00:28:29.424 --> 00:28:32.994 THAT EVERY SATELLITE IN SPACE AT 893 00:28:32.994 --> 00:28:34.195 ONE POINT OR ANOTHER WAS BLASTED 894 00:28:34.195 --> 00:28:39.401 UP BOO I -- BY A ROCKET. 895 00:28:39.401 --> 00:28:41.136 YOU NEED TO ATTACH THE TWO 896 00:28:41.136 --> 00:28:42.103 TOGETHER SO THE SATELLITE 897 00:28:42.103 --> 00:28:43.905 DOESN'T FALL OFF DURING LAUNCH. 898 00:28:43.905 --> 00:28:44.539 AND THE-- 899 00:28:44.539 --> 00:28:46.374 HOW THEY'RE ATTACHED TO EACH 900 00:28:46.374 --> 00:28:48.610 OTHER IS DONE WITH WHAT'S CALLED 901 00:28:48.610 --> 00:28:53.782 A MARMON RING. 902 00:28:53.782 --> 00:28:54.983 WHAT WE HAVE HERE IS THE LOWER 903 00:28:54.983 --> 00:28:57.118 END OF A SATELLITE AND HERE IS 904 00:28:57.118 --> 00:28:59.020 THE MARMON RING. 905 00:28:59.020 --> 00:29:02.023 SO THIS BIG RING HERE IS THE 906 00:29:02.023 --> 00:29:03.024 MARMON RING. 907 00:29:03.024 --> 00:29:05.427 WE HAVE THIS SATELLITE MOCKUP ON 908 00:29:05.427 --> 00:29:08.096 THIS HYDRAULIC STEWART PLATFORM 909 00:29:08.096 --> 00:29:12.233 THAT WE CALL A HEXIPOD. 910 00:29:12.233 --> 00:29:14.502 AND WE HAVE A ROBOT IN FRONT OF 911 00:29:14.502 --> 00:29:16.271 IT AND THE ROBOT WOULD REACH OUT 912 00:29:16.271 --> 00:29:18.907 AND TOUCH IT AND IT NEEDS TO 913 00:29:18.907 --> 00:29:19.107 REACT. 914 00:29:19.107 --> 00:29:21.176 IT NEEDS TO BOUNCE OFF AND FLOAT 915 00:29:21.176 --> 00:29:23.578 AWAY AS IF IT WERE IN SPACE. 916 00:29:23.578 --> 00:29:25.947 SO, WE HAVE DEVELOPED A VERY 917 00:29:25.947 --> 00:29:27.982 SOPHISTICATED TECHNIQUE TO 918 00:29:27.982 --> 00:29:30.652 SIMULATE SPACE CONTACT DYNAMICS 919 00:29:30.652 --> 00:29:33.021 TO PUT A SATELLITE IN MOTION. 920 00:29:33.021 --> 00:29:34.889 SO I'M GOING TO SHOUT ACROSS TO 921 00:29:34.889 --> 00:29:36.758 A FABULOUS ENGINEER, BRIAN 922 00:29:36.758 --> 00:29:38.827 GREGORY, AND HE IS GOING TO PUT 923 00:29:38.827 --> 00:29:39.761 THIS SATELLITE INTO MOTION. 924 00:29:39.761 --> 00:29:54.209 TAKE IT AWAY, BRIAN! 925 00:29:54.209 --> 00:30:06.988 SO, IT'S NOT OFTEN THAT YOU GET 926 00:30:06.988 --> 00:30:09.958 TO SEE SPACE SIMULATED IN GREEN 927 00:30:09.958 --> 00:30:11.359 BELT, MARYLAND, BUT IT ACTUALLY 928 00:30:11.359 --> 00:30:13.862 IS A COMMON OCCURRENCE THAT 929 00:30:13.862 --> 00:30:15.563 RIGHT HERE AT GODDARD SPACE 930 00:30:15.563 --> 00:30:17.699 FLIGHT CENTER WE SIMULATE SPACE 931 00:30:17.699 --> 00:30:20.535 ON THE GROUND IN OUR ROBOTICS 932 00:30:20.535 --> 00:30:20.702 LAB. 933 00:30:20.702 --> 00:30:21.870 >> VERY COOL. 934 00:30:21.870 --> 00:30:23.004 THAT'S AWESOME. 935 00:30:23.004 --> 00:30:25.139 I CAN'T IMAGINE THAT OUT IN 936 00:30:25.139 --> 00:30:30.011 SPACE NOW. 937 00:30:30.011 --> 00:30:30.612 >> THAT'S RIGHT. 938 00:30:30.612 --> 00:30:33.181 >> AND OBVIOUSLY IN THIS 939 00:30:33.181 --> 00:30:34.883 FACILITY DEVELOPED THIS 940 00:30:34.883 --> 00:30:35.817 TECHNOLOGY, THE HUMAN AND 941 00:30:35.817 --> 00:30:37.252 TECHNOLOGY AND YOU KNOW, YOU SEE 942 00:30:37.252 --> 00:30:40.355 THE HORROR FILMS, YOU KNOW, 943 00:30:40.355 --> 00:30:42.090 HUMAN VERSUS ROBOT, BUT REALLY 944 00:30:42.090 --> 00:30:43.625 WHEN THEY COME TOGETHER, THEY 945 00:30:43.625 --> 00:30:44.459 CREATE AMAZING THINGS. 946 00:30:44.459 --> 00:30:46.528 CAN YOU TELL US A LITTLE ABOUT 947 00:30:46.528 --> 00:30:48.196 THAT INTERACTION BETWEEN HUMANS 948 00:30:48.196 --> 00:30:51.399 AND ROBOTICS AND HOW IT MAKES 949 00:30:51.399 --> 00:30:54.269 SUCH A SUCCESSFUL PRODUCT? 950 00:30:54.269 --> 00:30:55.803 >> THAT'S AN EXCELLENT 951 00:30:55.803 --> 00:30:57.005 OBSERVATION. 952 00:30:57.005 --> 00:30:58.506 SO GOING BACK TO THE HUBBLE 953 00:30:58.506 --> 00:30:58.740 MISSION. 954 00:30:58.740 --> 00:31:01.042 IN EVERY HUBBLE SERVICING 955 00:31:01.042 --> 00:31:04.412 MISSION WE HAD HUMANS AND ROBOTS 956 00:31:04.412 --> 00:31:05.613 WORKING TOGETHER. 957 00:31:05.613 --> 00:31:09.384 WE HAVE TRAINED, INCREDIBLY 958 00:31:09.384 --> 00:31:10.885 BRILLIANT, FANTASTICICALLY 959 00:31:10.885 --> 00:31:13.221 DEXTEROUS ASTRONAUTS WORKING IN 960 00:31:13.221 --> 00:31:17.191 THE SHUTTLE PAYLOAD BAY WITH A 961 00:31:17.191 --> 00:31:17.792 ROBOTIC ARM. 962 00:31:17.792 --> 00:31:20.628 THE SHUTTLE HAD A ROBOTIC ARM IN 963 00:31:20.628 --> 00:31:22.263 THE PAYLOAD BAY AND THEY WOULD 964 00:31:22.263 --> 00:31:27.368 WORK WITH THAT ARM IN 965 00:31:27.368 --> 00:31:28.303 MANEUVERING THE OBJECTS AROUND 966 00:31:28.303 --> 00:31:30.238 THAT THEY REPLACED INSIDE 967 00:31:30.238 --> 00:31:30.805 HUBBLE. 968 00:31:30.805 --> 00:31:32.907 TODAY, AS WE THINK ABOUT ROBOTS 969 00:31:32.907 --> 00:31:36.444 GOING INTO, FOR EXAMPLE, LEO 970 00:31:36.444 --> 00:31:39.280 POLAR TO WORK ON SATELLITES LIKE 971 00:31:39.280 --> 00:31:40.982 LANCET 7, WE'RE GOING TO KEEP 972 00:31:40.982 --> 00:31:43.952 THE ASTRONAUTS OR THE HUMANS ON 973 00:31:43.952 --> 00:31:44.452 THE GROUND AND THEY WILL 974 00:31:44.452 --> 00:31:47.221 REMOTELY CONTROL THE ROBOT FROM 975 00:31:47.221 --> 00:31:49.424 THE SAFETY OF PLANET EARTH WITH 976 00:31:49.424 --> 00:31:51.726 A ROBOTIC ARMS BEING IN SPACE 977 00:31:51.726 --> 00:31:52.660 AND I CAN SHOW YOU THAT IN THE 978 00:31:52.660 --> 00:31:53.194 BACK EVER THE LAB. 979 00:31:53.194 --> 00:31:59.300 SO IF YOU'LL COME WITH ME, ERIN. 980 00:31:59.300 --> 00:32:01.469 AND WHILE WE'RE WALKING I WILL 981 00:32:01.469 --> 00:32:04.005 POINT OUT AS WE WALK ACROSS THE 982 00:32:04.005 --> 00:32:05.506 LAB, YOU CAN SEE ON 983 00:32:05.506 --> 00:32:06.708 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, 984 00:32:06.708 --> 00:32:08.643 WHICH IS WHAT THESE VIDEO FEEDS 985 00:32:08.643 --> 00:32:11.879 ARE OF, ROBOTIC ARMS ON 986 00:32:11.879 --> 00:32:12.914 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION SO 987 00:32:12.914 --> 00:32:14.582 NASA HAS A LONG HISTORY OF 988 00:32:14.582 --> 00:32:17.285 ROBOTIC ARMS ON THE SHUTTLE. 989 00:32:17.285 --> 00:32:18.987 ROBOTIC ARMS ON THE SPACE 990 00:32:18.987 --> 00:32:20.955 STATION, ROBOTIC ARMS ON THE 991 00:32:20.955 --> 00:32:22.223 SURFACE OF MARS AND I'LL SHOW 992 00:32:22.223 --> 00:32:27.128 YOU THE LATEST GENERATION OF 993 00:32:27.128 --> 00:32:29.397 ROBOTIC ARMS ON THIS WALL OF 994 00:32:29.397 --> 00:32:29.664 MONITORS. 995 00:32:29.664 --> 00:32:30.398 >> GETTING CLOSE. 996 00:32:30.398 --> 00:32:31.232 GETTING CLOSE. 997 00:32:31.232 --> 00:32:32.834 ALL RIGHT. 998 00:32:32.834 --> 00:32:35.570 SO, HERE WE ARE IN THE NEXT PART 999 00:32:35.570 --> 00:32:39.374 OF OUR TOUR WITH OUR SPACE ARM 1000 00:32:39.374 --> 00:32:43.611 AND OUR TWO ROBOTIC ARM 1001 00:32:43.611 --> 00:32:44.846 OPERATORS. 1002 00:32:44.846 --> 00:32:46.547 CHARLIE, WHO YOU ALREADY MET. 1003 00:32:46.547 --> 00:32:50.785 SO, THIS ROBOTIC ARM IS FLIGHT 1004 00:32:50.785 --> 00:32:51.052 LIKE. 1005 00:32:51.052 --> 00:32:53.221 WHAT DOES IT MEAN? 1006 00:32:53.221 --> 00:32:55.223 IT'S GOT SIMILAR MATERIALS, 1007 00:32:55.223 --> 00:32:57.392 FINISH, ELECTRONICS THAT CAN ALL 1008 00:32:57.392 --> 00:32:59.694 WITHSTAND THE RIGORS OF SPACE. 1009 00:32:59.694 --> 00:33:01.829 SO THIS FLIGHT LIKE ROBOTIC ARM, 1010 00:33:01.829 --> 00:33:03.264 JOE AND CHARLIE ARE GOING TO GO 1011 00:33:03.264 --> 00:33:05.667 AHEAD AND PUT IT INTO MOTION. 1012 00:33:05.667 --> 00:33:06.367 >> OKAY. 1013 00:33:06.367 --> 00:33:09.871 >> AND THIS IS THE FREEDOM ARM. 1014 00:33:09.871 --> 00:33:10.972 WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? 1015 00:33:10.972 --> 00:33:13.474 WHAT IT MEANS THE SHOULDER, 1016 00:33:13.474 --> 00:33:16.411 ELBOW AND WRIST HAVE SEVEN 1017 00:33:16.411 --> 00:33:19.647 ARTICULATING JOINTS, SO THREE AT 1018 00:33:19.647 --> 00:33:21.149 THE SHOULDER, IT'S DOING A 1019 00:33:21.149 --> 00:33:23.117 SHOULDER ROLL RIGHT NOW. 1020 00:33:23.117 --> 00:33:25.653 TWO AT THE ELBOW AND TWO AT THE 1021 00:33:25.653 --> 00:33:28.222 WRIST, THREE PLUS TWO, PLUS TWO, 1022 00:33:28.222 --> 00:33:31.025 YES, NASA ARITHMETIC FOR YOU, 1023 00:33:31.025 --> 00:33:32.994 THAT'S SEVEN AND YOU SEE THEY'RE 1024 00:33:32.994 --> 00:33:35.063 CHANGING THE ORIENTATION OF THE 1025 00:33:35.063 --> 00:33:37.198 END DEFECTOR TO POINT RIGHT AT 1026 00:33:37.198 --> 00:33:37.732 US. 1027 00:33:37.732 --> 00:33:40.034 SO WITH TWO DIFFERENT HAND 1028 00:33:40.034 --> 00:33:43.638 CONTROLLERS ASTRONAUT, RETIRED 1029 00:33:43.638 --> 00:33:47.241 MARINE CORPS GENERAL CHARLIE 1030 00:33:47.241 --> 00:33:52.947 BOLDEN IS POINTING THAT RIGHT 1031 00:33:52.947 --> 00:33:53.681 AT THE CAMERA. 1032 00:33:53.681 --> 00:33:56.317 AND IT'S AT THIS ROBOTIC CONTROL 1033 00:33:56.317 --> 00:33:58.086 STATION THAT WE WILL BE 1034 00:33:58.086 --> 00:33:59.253 MANIPULATING ROBOTS IN THE 1035 00:33:59.253 --> 00:34:02.023 FUTURE TO PERFORM SERVICING 1036 00:34:02.023 --> 00:34:04.592 OPERATIONS LIKE REFUELING ON 1037 00:34:04.592 --> 00:34:06.127 MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR ASSETS IN 1038 00:34:06.127 --> 00:34:07.762 SPACE, EXTENDING THEIR LIFE, 1039 00:34:07.762 --> 00:34:10.565 GETTING MORE VALUE OUT OF THE 1040 00:34:10.565 --> 00:34:13.968 TAXPAYERS' INVESTMENT WITH THIS 1041 00:34:13.968 --> 00:34:14.268 TECHNOLOGY. 1042 00:34:14.268 --> 00:34:15.503 >> THAT IS AMAZING. 1043 00:34:15.503 --> 00:34:16.537 THANK YOU FOR SHOWING US YOUR 1044 00:34:16.537 --> 00:34:18.206 TOYS AND THANKS, CHARLIE FOR 1045 00:34:18.206 --> 00:34:19.006 VOLUNTEERING TO PLAY. 1046 00:34:19.006 --> 00:34:19.340 [LAUGHTER] 1047 00:34:19.340 --> 00:34:21.542 >> WE'VE GOT A BUNCH OF 1048 00:34:21.542 --> 00:34:21.809 QUESTIONS. 1049 00:34:21.809 --> 00:34:22.210 >> AND JOE. 1050 00:34:22.210 --> 00:34:24.812 >> AND THANK JOE, COME ON. 1051 00:34:24.812 --> 00:34:26.280 >> YES, THANK YOU. 1052 00:34:26.280 --> 00:34:27.982 >> THANK YOU FOR TEACHING 1053 00:34:27.982 --> 00:34:28.950 CHARLIE EVERYTHING HE KNOWS 1054 00:34:28.950 --> 00:34:31.285 ABOUT ROBOTICS. 1055 00:34:31.285 --> 00:34:31.619 [LAUGHTER] 1056 00:34:31.619 --> 00:34:32.987 >> DEFINITELY. 1057 00:34:32.987 --> 00:34:34.689 >> LIKE I SAID BEFORE WE'VE GOT 1058 00:34:34.689 --> 00:34:37.258 QUESTIONS COMING IN FROM SOCIAL 1059 00:34:37.258 --> 00:34:38.860 MEDIA AND GOT SOME FOR BOTH OF 1060 00:34:38.860 --> 00:34:40.995 OUR FRIENDS OVER HERE. 1061 00:34:40.995 --> 00:34:43.331 SO, LET'S START WITH BEN. 1062 00:34:43.331 --> 00:34:45.032 SO WHAT OTHER SATELLITES ARE 1063 00:34:45.032 --> 00:34:46.734 DESIGNED TO BE SERVICED IN SPACE 1064 00:34:46.734 --> 00:34:47.702 BY ROBOTS? 1065 00:34:47.702 --> 00:34:50.605 >> IT'S AN EXCELLENT QUESTION. 1066 00:34:50.605 --> 00:34:53.574 SO DESIGNED TO BE SERVICED IS 1067 00:34:53.574 --> 00:34:55.443 REALLY ONLY TWO. 1068 00:34:55.443 --> 00:34:56.711 HUBBLE AND THE INTERNATIONAL 1069 00:34:56.711 --> 00:34:57.378 SPACE STATION. 1070 00:34:57.378 --> 00:34:59.547 BOTH DESIGNED WITH HUMAN 1071 00:34:59.547 --> 00:35:02.016 SERVICING IN MIND. 1072 00:35:02.016 --> 00:35:04.252 SO THOSE ARE VERY NOTABLE 1073 00:35:04.252 --> 00:35:04.752 SATELLITES. 1074 00:35:04.752 --> 00:35:07.822 IF WE WENT TO THE LOCAL GROCERY 1075 00:35:07.822 --> 00:35:10.758 STORE AND ASKED THE AVERAGE 1076 00:35:10.758 --> 00:35:12.226 SHOPPER NAME TWO SATELLITES, 1077 00:35:12.226 --> 00:35:13.795 PROBABLY THE TWO THEY'D NAME, 1078 00:35:13.795 --> 00:35:15.897 HUBBLE AND ISS. 1079 00:35:15.897 --> 00:35:17.765 BUT THERE ARE 1800 OTHER 1080 00:35:17.765 --> 00:35:19.200 SATELLITES OPERATING IN SPACE AS 1081 00:35:19.200 --> 00:35:21.202 WE SPEAK TODAY. 1082 00:35:21.202 --> 00:35:22.770 1,800 THEREABOUTS, TWO OF WHICH 1083 00:35:22.770 --> 00:35:24.372 WERE DESIGNED TO BE SERVICE, SO 1084 00:35:24.372 --> 00:35:27.341 A TECHNIQUE, A CAPABILITY THAT 1085 00:35:27.341 --> 00:35:28.810 WE ARE ACTIVELY WORKING ON WITH 1086 00:35:28.810 --> 00:35:31.112 THE HARDWARE HERE IN THIS LAB IS 1087 00:35:31.112 --> 00:35:32.814 THE ABILITY TO SERVICE A 1088 00:35:32.814 --> 00:35:34.115 SATELLITE THAT WASN'T DESIGNED 1089 00:35:34.115 --> 00:35:36.717 FOR SERVICING IN MIND. 1090 00:35:36.717 --> 00:35:39.387 99%, NOT JUST THE 1%. 1091 00:35:39.387 --> 00:35:41.522 THAT'S VERY MUCH WITHIN OUR 1092 00:35:41.522 --> 00:35:44.692 ACTIVE PROGRAM DESIGN HERE IS TO 1093 00:35:44.692 --> 00:35:46.994 WORK ON TECHNOLOGIES AND 1094 00:35:46.994 --> 00:35:49.463 CAPABILITIES FOR THE MANY NOT 1095 00:35:49.463 --> 00:35:49.964 JUST THE FEW. 1096 00:35:49.964 --> 00:35:52.166 >> AND CHARLIE, I KNOW I LEFT 1097 00:35:52.166 --> 00:35:54.735 YOU OUT OF THE QUESTION EARLIER, 1098 00:35:54.735 --> 00:35:58.539 BUT WE HAVE GOT A BUNCH FOR YOU 1099 00:35:58.539 --> 00:35:58.706 NOW. 1100 00:35:58.706 --> 00:36:00.208 FROM INSTAGRAM HOW LONG HUBBLE 1101 00:36:00.208 --> 00:36:01.609 IS PROJECTED TO BE IN SERVICE. 1102 00:36:01.609 --> 00:36:03.744 >> THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION. 1103 00:36:03.744 --> 00:36:04.579 YOU ASK ME I THINK-- 1104 00:36:04.579 --> 00:36:06.214 I DON'T KNOW WHAT WE'RE TALKING 1105 00:36:06.214 --> 00:36:09.917 ABOUT NOW IN TERMS OF THE FINITE 1106 00:36:09.917 --> 00:36:12.486 END OF IT. 1107 00:36:12.486 --> 00:36:17.658 HUBBLE IS IN GREAT SHAPE. 1108 00:36:17.658 --> 00:36:19.560 EVERY TIME THERE'S HUBBLE IT 1109 00:36:19.560 --> 00:36:21.495 GOES INTO SAFE MODE. 1110 00:36:21.495 --> 00:36:22.864 I WILL NOT VENTURE TO GUESS WHEN 1111 00:36:22.864 --> 00:36:24.232 HUBBLE'S LIFE WILL BE OVER. 1112 00:36:24.232 --> 00:36:25.399 THE FINAL DECISION WILL PROBABLY 1113 00:36:25.399 --> 00:36:26.601 BE MADE BY THE BUDGET GUYS. 1114 00:36:26.601 --> 00:36:30.738 I HATE TO SAY. 1115 00:36:30.738 --> 00:36:31.939 ONCE WE HAVE JAMES WEBB IN PLACE 1116 00:36:31.939 --> 00:36:33.274 AND OPERATING IT WAS INTENDED TO 1117 00:36:33.274 --> 00:36:35.543 BE THE REPLACEMENT FOR HUBBLE. 1118 00:36:35.543 --> 00:36:37.411 MY GUESS IS YOU'RE GOING TO SEE 1119 00:36:37.411 --> 00:36:41.048 THE BUDGET GUYS AND THE 1120 00:36:41.048 --> 00:36:43.217 ASTROPHYSICISTS AND THE 1121 00:36:43.217 --> 00:36:44.418 ASTRONOMERS GO AT IT BECAUSE 1122 00:36:44.418 --> 00:36:47.054 HUBBLE WILL CONTINUE TO GIVE US 1123 00:36:47.054 --> 00:36:49.223 DATA THAT WE CAN USE TO FEED 1124 00:36:49.223 --> 00:36:51.492 INTO TELESCOPES LIKE JAMES WEBB 1125 00:36:51.492 --> 00:36:52.827 TO MAKE THEM EVEN MORE 1126 00:36:52.827 --> 00:36:53.094 EFFICIENT. 1127 00:36:53.094 --> 00:36:55.162 I WOULD SAY HUBBLE'S GOT A LOT 1128 00:36:55.162 --> 00:36:56.631 MORE LIFE THAN WE ARE GOING TO 1129 00:36:56.631 --> 00:36:58.466 GIVE IT TO BE QUITE HONEST. 1130 00:36:58.466 --> 00:37:00.234 >> YOU MENTIONED SOMETHING 1131 00:37:00.234 --> 00:37:00.902 INTERESTING. 1132 00:37:00.902 --> 00:37:02.336 THERE'S THINGS THAT WE CAN DO 1133 00:37:02.336 --> 00:37:04.205 FROM THE GROUND NOT WITH 1134 00:37:04.205 --> 00:37:06.574 ASTRONAUTS OR WITH ROBOTS TO 1135 00:37:06.574 --> 00:37:08.609 EXTEND THE LIFE OF HUBBLE? 1136 00:37:08.609 --> 00:37:09.310 WHAT IS THAT? 1137 00:37:09.310 --> 00:37:10.611 >> I WASN'T SAYING WE COULD DO 1138 00:37:10.611 --> 00:37:13.648 ANYTHING TO EXTEND THE LIFE OF 1139 00:37:13.648 --> 00:37:15.616 HUBBLE, BUT WHAT I WAS SAYING 1140 00:37:15.616 --> 00:37:17.685 BEFORE WAS THE WAY WE LEFT IT 1141 00:37:17.685 --> 00:37:19.720 AFTER THE FINAL SERVICING 1142 00:37:19.720 --> 00:37:21.989 MISSION, IT WAS IN MUCH BETTER 1143 00:37:21.989 --> 00:37:22.957 SHAPE THAN IT WAS DESIGNED TO BE 1144 00:37:22.957 --> 00:37:23.791 WHEN IT WAS BUILT. 1145 00:37:23.791 --> 00:37:27.161 SO IT'S A MUCH MORE CAPABLE 1146 00:37:27.161 --> 00:37:28.696 OBSERVATORY TODAY THAN ANYBODY 1147 00:37:28.696 --> 00:37:30.531 EVERYBODY IMAGINED IT WOULD BE. 1148 00:37:30.531 --> 00:37:31.532 THAT'S WHY I THINK THERE'S 1149 00:37:31.532 --> 00:37:32.667 PROBABLY SOMEBODY IN THIS 1150 00:37:32.667 --> 00:37:34.936 BUILDER WHO WILL VENTURE A GUESS 1151 00:37:34.936 --> 00:37:36.203 AS TO HUBBLE'S LIFETIME. 1152 00:37:36.203 --> 00:37:38.306 I'M NOT ONE OF THEM BECAUSE IT'S 1153 00:37:38.306 --> 00:37:40.107 NOT THE SAME OBSERVATORY THAT, 1154 00:37:40.107 --> 00:37:41.876 YOU KNOW, WE DESIGNED AND BUILT 1155 00:37:41.876 --> 00:37:45.112 BACK IN THE '70S, '80S AND '90S. 1156 00:37:45.112 --> 00:37:47.615 SO I THINK IT HAS MORE 1157 00:37:47.615 --> 00:37:49.283 CAPABILITY THAN WE COULD 1158 00:37:49.283 --> 00:37:49.884 IMAGINE. 1159 00:37:49.884 --> 00:37:50.484 BEN, YOU MAY KNOW. 1160 00:37:50.484 --> 00:37:56.190 >> WELL, THERE'S A PHRASE WE USE 1161 00:37:56.190 --> 00:37:58.592 WITH ALL COMPLEX EQUIPMENT, 1162 00:37:58.592 --> 00:38:02.096 HUBBLE BEING ONE, INFANT 1163 00:38:02.096 --> 00:38:03.097 MORTALITY. 1164 00:38:03.097 --> 00:38:06.667 INFANT MORTALITY BIT HUBBLE IN A 1165 00:38:06.667 --> 00:38:08.302 COUPLE OF WAYS. 1166 00:38:08.302 --> 00:38:12.707 SOLAR ARRAYS HAD ISSUES, GYROS 1167 00:38:12.707 --> 00:38:16.744 HAD ISSUES AND OPTICS THAT 1168 00:38:16.744 --> 00:38:18.980 WEREN'T BY DESIGN. 1169 00:38:18.980 --> 00:38:19.213 HUBBLE. 1170 00:38:19.213 --> 00:38:20.748 ONE OF THE FRU EXCEPTIONS WE 1171 00:38:20.748 --> 00:38:22.083 HAVE THROUGH SERVICING MISSIONS 1172 00:38:22.083 --> 00:38:23.584 AND SMART ENGINEERS ON THE 1173 00:38:23.584 --> 00:38:25.486 GROUND OVERCOME THAT INFANT 1174 00:38:25.486 --> 00:38:26.921 MORTALITY AND NOW IT'S GOING 1175 00:38:26.921 --> 00:38:28.189 LIKE GANG BUSTERS. 1176 00:38:28.189 --> 00:38:30.091 I HAVE TO AGREE 100% WITH 1177 00:38:30.091 --> 00:38:30.324 CHARLIE. 1178 00:38:30.324 --> 00:38:31.559 IT IS FAR MORE POWERFUL THAN THE 1179 00:38:31.559 --> 00:38:33.127 DAY IT LAUNCHED. 1180 00:38:33.127 --> 00:38:35.963 IN FACT, I BELIEVE THE NUMBER IS 1181 00:38:35.963 --> 00:38:39.533 FOUR ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE MORE 1182 00:38:39.533 --> 00:38:41.802 POWERFUL THAN THE DAY IT 1183 00:38:41.802 --> 00:38:42.069 LAUNCHED. 1184 00:38:42.069 --> 00:38:43.471 BECAUSE MOORE'S LAW ADVANCES 1185 00:38:43.471 --> 00:38:44.705 TECHNOLOGY HERE ON THE GROUND. 1186 00:38:44.705 --> 00:38:46.607 THE CAMERAS PUT IN BY THE 1187 00:38:46.607 --> 00:38:47.174 CAPABLE ASTRONAUTS. 1188 00:38:47.174 --> 00:38:49.543 SO IT'S FAR BETTER THAN THE DAY 1189 00:38:49.543 --> 00:38:50.745 IT WAS LAUNCHED AND KNOCK ON 1190 00:38:50.745 --> 00:38:53.180 WOOD, WE ARE GOING TO KEEP THE 1191 00:38:53.180 --> 00:38:53.848 SCIENCE DISCOVERIES COMING. 1192 00:38:53.848 --> 00:38:56.684 >> I'VE GOT ONE MORE SPECIFIC 1193 00:38:56.684 --> 00:38:57.618 QUESTION FOR BEN. 1194 00:38:57.618 --> 00:39:01.255 SO ARE THERE APPLICATIONS FOR 1195 00:39:01.255 --> 00:39:04.258 THESE TECHNOLOIES LIKE THE 1196 00:39:04.258 --> 00:39:06.127 ROBOTIC ARM BEYOND SATELLITE 1197 00:39:06.127 --> 00:39:06.394 SERVICING? 1198 00:39:06.394 --> 00:39:08.796 >> SURE, WE WANT TO DISCOVER OUR 1199 00:39:08.796 --> 00:39:10.164 PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE AND ONE 1200 00:39:10.164 --> 00:39:15.636 WAY TO DO THAT IS TO GO TO 1201 00:39:15.636 --> 00:39:17.872 PLANETARY BODIES, COMETS, 1202 00:39:17.872 --> 00:39:19.940 ASTEROIDS, SURFACE OF THE MOON, 1203 00:39:19.940 --> 00:39:23.210 THE SURFACE OF MARS AND COLLECT 1204 00:39:23.210 --> 00:39:23.844 SAMPLES. 1205 00:39:23.844 --> 00:39:25.913 COLLECTING SAMPLES AND ANALYZING 1206 00:39:25.913 --> 00:39:28.416 THEM WHEN WE'RE THERE, AS MARS 1207 00:39:28.416 --> 00:39:31.185 CURIOSITY ROVER IS DOING. 1208 00:39:31.185 --> 00:39:33.087 WE FLEW THE CHEMISTRY LAB TO THE 1209 00:39:33.087 --> 00:39:34.055 SURFACE OF MARS AND THAT 1210 00:39:34.055 --> 00:39:36.323 REQUIRED A LOT OF WORK AND AN 1211 00:39:36.323 --> 00:39:37.091 INCREDIBLE ACHIEVEMENT. 1212 00:39:37.091 --> 00:39:38.793 JUST THINK WHAT WE COULD DO IF 1213 00:39:38.793 --> 00:39:40.094 WE COULD BRING A SAMPLE BACK 1214 00:39:40.094 --> 00:39:43.097 FROM THE SURFACE OF MARS OR AN 1215 00:39:43.097 --> 00:39:45.633 ASTEROID OR COMET BACK TO EARTH, 1216 00:39:45.633 --> 00:39:47.334 A BIG SAMPLE NOT A FEW GRAINS 1217 00:39:47.334 --> 00:39:49.537 WHICH WE'VE ALREADY DONE FROM A 1218 00:39:49.537 --> 00:39:50.204 COMET. 1219 00:39:50.204 --> 00:39:52.840 SO, THE ABILITY TO HAVE ADVANCED 1220 00:39:52.840 --> 00:39:55.409 ROBOTICS TO HAVE THESE 1221 00:39:55.409 --> 00:39:57.144 TREMENDOUS CAPABILITIES THAT 1222 00:39:57.144 --> 00:39:58.612 ENGINEERS LIKE JOE ARE HELPING 1223 00:39:58.612 --> 00:40:00.448 US DEVELOP AND USE THOSE FOR 1224 00:40:00.448 --> 00:40:03.484 OTHER EXPLORATION MISSIONS TO 1225 00:40:03.484 --> 00:40:05.653 HELP ASTRONAUTS GOING FURTHER 1226 00:40:05.653 --> 00:40:06.320 INTO SOLAR SYSTEM. 1227 00:40:06.320 --> 00:40:09.190 WE ARE FOCUSING ON THAT AS PART 1228 00:40:09.190 --> 00:40:11.725 OF OUR MISSION SET NOT JUST 1229 00:40:11.725 --> 00:40:12.293 SATELLITES. 1230 00:40:12.293 --> 00:40:14.161 EVEN THOUGH THAT'S A BROAD THING 1231 00:40:14.161 --> 00:40:14.862 TO SAY. 1232 00:40:14.862 --> 00:40:18.065 WE'RE LOOKING AT THE ENTIRE 1233 00:40:18.065 --> 00:40:18.332 SPECTRUM. 1234 00:40:18.332 --> 00:40:19.800 >> AND A GOOD EXAMPLE OF WHAT 1235 00:40:19.800 --> 00:40:21.302 BEN WAS TALKING ABOUT, WE HAVE A 1236 00:40:21.302 --> 00:40:23.037 MISSION THAT JUST ACCOMPLISHED 1237 00:40:23.037 --> 00:40:23.204 ONE. 1238 00:40:23.204 --> 00:40:24.972 MAJOR MILESTONES, IT GOT KIND OF 1239 00:40:24.972 --> 00:40:26.841 LOST BECAUSE IT CAME ON THE 1240 00:40:26.841 --> 00:40:40.020 HEELS OF INSIGHT'S LANDING, O 1241 00:40:40.020 --> 00:40:40.321 OCYRUS-REX. 1242 00:40:40.321 --> 00:40:42.556 IT'S LOOKING FOR A PLACE TO LAND 1243 00:40:42.556 --> 00:40:45.526 AND GET A SAMPLE AND COME BACK. 1244 00:40:45.526 --> 00:40:46.560 AND FOR THE FIRST TIME WE WILL 1245 00:40:46.560 --> 00:40:48.195 HAVE A SAMPLE, IF YOU WILL, FROM 1246 00:40:48.195 --> 00:40:50.498 AN ASTEROID THAT WILL HELP US 1247 00:40:50.498 --> 00:40:51.699 UNDERSTAND MORE ABOUT OUR SOLAR 1248 00:40:51.699 --> 00:40:52.399 SYSTEM AND OUR PLANET EARTH 1249 00:40:52.399 --> 00:40:53.934 SINCE IT STARTED FROM THE SAME 1250 00:40:53.934 --> 00:40:54.135 PLACE. 1251 00:40:54.135 --> 00:40:56.403 YOU KNOW, THE STUFF THAT JOE AND 1252 00:40:56.403 --> 00:40:58.439 THE GUYS HERE ARE DOING WITH THE 1253 00:40:58.439 --> 00:40:59.940 SATELLITES THAT THEY'RE WORKING 1254 00:40:59.940 --> 00:41:01.342 ON RIGHT NOW, IT'S-- 1255 00:41:01.342 --> 00:41:03.210 I WOULD NOT EVEN VENTURE TO SAY 1256 00:41:03.210 --> 00:41:05.279 WHAT IT IS THAT WE CANNOT DO 1257 00:41:05.279 --> 00:41:09.116 WITH SATELLITES AND ROBOTIC 1258 00:41:09.116 --> 00:41:09.416 SPACECRAFT. 1259 00:41:09.416 --> 00:41:10.384 >> I LOVE THAT. 1260 00:41:10.384 --> 00:41:12.520 NOI THAT THE ASTRONAUTS KIND OF 1261 00:41:12.520 --> 00:41:13.754 ANSWERED FROM THEIR PERSPECTIVE, 1262 00:41:13.754 --> 00:41:15.823 BUT FROM YOUR PERSPECTIVE, WHAT 1263 00:41:15.823 --> 00:41:17.758 LESSONS FROM HUBBLE DID YOU 1264 00:41:17.758 --> 00:41:19.293 INCORPORATE INTO THE SERVICING 1265 00:41:19.293 --> 00:41:20.394 TECHNOLOGY THAT YOU'RE WORKING 1266 00:41:20.394 --> 00:41:20.928 ON RIGHT NOW? 1267 00:41:20.928 --> 00:41:23.264 >> OH, THAT HE IS A GREAT 1268 00:41:23.264 --> 00:41:23.931 QUESTION. 1269 00:41:23.931 --> 00:41:25.432 I'LL GIVE YOU THE GENERAL ANSWER 1270 00:41:25.432 --> 00:41:27.668 AND THEN THE SPECIFIC ANSWER. 1271 00:41:27.668 --> 00:41:32.439 SO THE GENERAL ANSWER IS HUBBLE 1272 00:41:32.439 --> 00:41:34.742 HAS BEEN IN ORBIT FOR MANY 1273 00:41:34.742 --> 00:41:34.942 YEARS. 1274 00:41:34.942 --> 00:41:36.544 WHEN WE GOT TO HUBBLE, THERE 1275 00:41:36.544 --> 00:41:38.646 WERE ITEMS ON IT THAT WEREN'T 1276 00:41:38.646 --> 00:41:40.514 EXACTLY LIKE THEY WERE WHEN WE 1277 00:41:40.514 --> 00:41:42.149 LEFT IT, ESPECIALLY ON THE 1278 00:41:42.149 --> 00:41:42.449 OUTSIDE. 1279 00:41:42.449 --> 00:41:45.319 SPACE IS AN INCREDIBLY HARSH 1280 00:41:45.319 --> 00:41:48.756 ENVIRONMENT, RADIATION, 1281 00:41:48.756 --> 00:41:50.925 MICROMETEORITES, ORBITAL DEBRIS, 1282 00:41:50.925 --> 00:41:52.493 THERMAL CYCLING. 1283 00:41:52.493 --> 00:41:57.831 IT TAKES ITS TOLL ON THE 1284 00:41:57.831 --> 00:41:58.265 SATELLITE. 1285 00:41:58.265 --> 00:42:00.768 EVERY TELESCOPE FACES THESE 1286 00:42:00.768 --> 00:42:01.068 CHALLENGES. 1287 00:42:01.068 --> 00:42:02.536 WHAT WE DID WITH HUBBLE, WE 1288 00:42:02.536 --> 00:42:04.371 DESIGNED OUR TOOLS AND 1289 00:42:04.371 --> 00:42:05.673 TECHNIQUES AND TRAINED THE 1290 00:42:05.673 --> 00:42:08.409 ASTRONAUTS TO ACCOMMODATE A RIDE 1291 00:42:08.409 --> 00:42:09.843 RANGE OF CONDITIONS WHEN YOU 1292 00:42:09.843 --> 00:42:10.077 ARRIVE. 1293 00:42:10.077 --> 00:42:12.313 ONE TECHNIQUE WE USED IF YOU'RE 1294 00:42:12.313 --> 00:42:14.048 NOT SURE THE CONDITION OF THE A 1295 00:42:14.048 --> 00:42:16.016 COMPONENT, WHAT IT'S GOING TO 1296 00:42:16.016 --> 00:42:17.685 BE, BRING UP YOUR OWN 1297 00:42:17.685 --> 00:42:18.719 REPLACEMENT THAT WAY YOU CAN BE 1298 00:42:18.719 --> 00:42:21.488 SURE WHAT YOU LEAVE BEHIND IS 1299 00:42:21.488 --> 00:42:22.923 PRISTINE OR WILL WORK PROPERLY. 1300 00:42:22.923 --> 00:42:24.825 SO, ROBOTIC SERVICING, WE ARE 1301 00:42:24.825 --> 00:42:29.129 GOING TO BE GOING TO A 1302 00:42:29.129 --> 00:42:29.930 22-YEAR-OLD SATELLITE. 1303 00:42:29.930 --> 00:42:30.931 OLD ENOUGH TO DRINK. 1304 00:42:30.931 --> 00:42:31.298 [LAUGHTER] 1305 00:42:31.298 --> 00:42:34.768 >> WHEN WE GO TO REFUEL IT. 1306 00:42:34.768 --> 00:42:37.271 IT HAS BLANKETING ON THE OUTSIDE 1307 00:42:37.271 --> 00:42:38.739 THAT SHINY GOLD BLANKETING THAT 1308 00:42:38.739 --> 00:42:39.607 YOU SAW EARLIER. 1309 00:42:39.607 --> 00:42:41.242 WE DON'T KNOW IF WE'RE GOING TO 1310 00:42:41.242 --> 00:42:44.211 MESS UP THE BLANKETING WHEN WE 1311 00:42:44.211 --> 00:42:45.512 ROBOTICALLY CUT A HOLE INTO IT 1312 00:42:45.512 --> 00:42:47.314 TO GET ACCESS TO THE FUELING 1313 00:42:47.314 --> 00:42:47.514 VALVE. 1314 00:42:47.514 --> 00:42:48.916 WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO? 1315 00:42:48.916 --> 00:42:51.919 WE ARE GOING TO BRING UP OUR OWN 1316 00:42:51.919 --> 00:42:54.221 THERMAL COVER IN CASE THAT 1317 00:42:54.221 --> 00:42:55.356 BLANKET IS GETTING MANGLED. 1318 00:42:55.356 --> 00:42:57.458 AND WE'RE LEARNING BY DOING, WE 1319 00:42:57.458 --> 00:42:59.393 MIGHT MAKE A MISTAKE. 1320 00:42:59.393 --> 00:43:02.029 BY BRINGING YOUR OWN THERMAL 1321 00:43:02.029 --> 00:43:05.232 COVER, A FIVE-SIDED TOP HAT SO 1322 00:43:05.232 --> 00:43:06.467 TO SPEAK, WE WILL LEAVE THE 1323 00:43:06.467 --> 00:43:09.637 SATELLITE IN A THERMALLY STABLE 1324 00:43:09.637 --> 00:43:11.105 CONFIGURATION WITH OUR OWN 1325 00:43:11.105 --> 00:43:11.605 THERMAL COVER. 1326 00:43:11.605 --> 00:43:12.973 AN EXAMPLE WHAT WE LEARNED WITH 1327 00:43:12.973 --> 00:43:14.008 HUBBLE, IF YOU CAN'T TRUST IT, 1328 00:43:14.008 --> 00:43:16.043 BRING YOUR OWN, WE'RE GOING TO 1329 00:43:16.043 --> 00:43:17.177 DO THAT WITH REBOTS AS WELL. 1330 00:43:17.177 --> 00:43:19.513 >> UNFORTUNATELY WE'VE ONLY GOT 1331 00:43:19.513 --> 00:43:21.582 TIME FOR ONE MORE QUESTION. 1332 00:43:21.582 --> 00:43:22.583 HOW ARE HUMANS ALSO INVOLVED IN 1333 00:43:22.583 --> 00:43:24.351 THE ROBOTIC SERVICING THAT WE'RE 1334 00:43:24.351 --> 00:43:26.553 SEEING HERE IN THIS LAB? 1335 00:43:26.553 --> 00:43:29.089 WHAT IS THE HUMAN COMPONENT 1336 00:43:29.089 --> 00:43:29.290 HERE? 1337 00:43:29.290 --> 00:43:32.893 >> HUMAN JUDGMENT, HUMAN 1338 00:43:32.893 --> 00:43:34.295 DEXTERITY, HUMAN SKILL. 1339 00:43:34.295 --> 00:43:35.796 GUYS LIKE JOE RUNNING THE HAND 1340 00:43:35.796 --> 00:43:36.697 CONTROLLERS, HE'S GOING TO BE 1341 00:43:36.697 --> 00:43:38.365 DOING THAT WITH VIDEO COMING 1342 00:43:38.365 --> 00:43:40.534 BACK DOWN FROM OUR TOOLS, ALL OF 1343 00:43:40.534 --> 00:43:42.336 OUR ROBOTIC TOOLS HAVE CAMERAS 1344 00:43:42.336 --> 00:43:42.803 ON THEM. 1345 00:43:42.803 --> 00:43:44.672 JOE IS GOING TO BE USING THE 1346 00:43:44.672 --> 00:43:46.774 CAMERA VIEWS COMING BACK ON HIS 1347 00:43:46.774 --> 00:43:48.208 SCREEN HERE AND DECIDING HOW 1348 00:43:48.208 --> 00:43:49.710 MUCH TO MOVE THE JOY STICK IN 1349 00:43:49.710 --> 00:43:52.046 WHAT DIRECTION, SO, ROBOTS ARE 1350 00:43:52.046 --> 00:43:53.047 NOT SMART. 1351 00:43:53.047 --> 00:43:55.382 THEY ARE NOT SMART AT ALL. 1352 00:43:55.382 --> 00:43:56.850 GUYS LIKE JOE ARE SMART, THEY'VE 1353 00:43:56.850 --> 00:43:59.086 GOT JUDGMENT, THEY'VE GOT 1354 00:43:59.086 --> 00:44:00.020 EXPERIENCE, AND THAT IS HOW 1355 00:44:00.020 --> 00:44:02.122 WE'RE GOING TO MAKE SURE THAT 1356 00:44:02.122 --> 00:44:04.258 THE BEST QUALITIES OF HUMANS AND 1357 00:44:04.258 --> 00:44:05.993 THE BEST QUALITIES ARE MARRIED 1358 00:44:05.993 --> 00:44:07.695 TOGETHER IN THE FUTURE MISSIONS. 1359 00:44:07.695 --> 00:44:09.563 >> NOW YOU MADE IT HARD FOR JOE 1360 00:44:09.563 --> 00:44:11.799 TO GET AROUND THE LAB THE REST 1361 00:44:11.799 --> 00:44:12.733 OF THE AFTERNOON. 1362 00:44:12.733 --> 00:44:14.768 >> EVERYWHERE WILL GET OUT OF 1363 00:44:14.768 --> 00:44:16.036 HIS WAY, JOE. 1364 00:44:16.036 --> 00:44:17.171 >> EVERYTHING FOR JOE. 1365 00:44:17.171 --> 00:44:18.839 THANK YOU ALL SO MUCH FOR BEING 1366 00:44:18.839 --> 00:44:19.973 HERE AND FOR ANSWERING ALL OF 1367 00:44:19.973 --> 00:44:21.842 THESE QUESTIONS AND FOR GIVING 1368 00:44:21.842 --> 00:44:24.311 US THIS WONDERFUL DEMO AND THE 1369 00:44:24.311 --> 00:44:25.979 SPACE TO HOST THE SHOW. 1370 00:44:25.979 --> 00:44:27.114 WE'RE VERY GRATEFUL, BUT THE 1371 00:44:27.114 --> 00:44:29.750 PARTY IS NOT OVER YET, TWO MORE 1372 00:44:29.750 --> 00:44:31.352 LIVE SHOWS TOMORROW WITH 1373 00:44:31.352 --> 00:44:31.652 ASTRONAUTS. 1374 00:44:31.652 --> 00:44:33.187 WE'VE GOT TWO ASTRONAUTS FROM 1375 00:44:33.187 --> 00:44:34.254 SERVICING MISSION ONE TALKING 1376 00:44:34.254 --> 00:44:36.290 ABOUT THEIR EXPERIENCE ON THE 1377 00:44:36.290 --> 00:44:39.493 FIRST EVER HUMAN SERVICING 1378 00:44:39.493 --> 00:44:40.561 MISSION TO HUBBLE. 1379 00:44:40.561 --> 00:44:41.929 HOW DID THAT GO? 1380 00:44:41.929 --> 00:44:43.063 FIND OUT TOMORROW ON FACEBOOK, 1381 00:44:43.063 --> 00:44:45.065 OUR FACEBOOK, SPECIFICALLY AND 1382 00:44:45.065 --> 00:44:46.800 THEN, WE ALSO HAVE A SHOW IN THE 1383 00:44:46.800 --> 00:44:48.535 AFTERNOON OF ASTRONAUTS FROM ALL 1384 00:44:48.535 --> 00:44:50.270 THE FIVE SERVICING MISSIONS, 1385 00:44:50.270 --> 00:44:52.106 PLUS WE'VE GOT CHARLIE WILL BE 1386 00:44:52.106 --> 00:44:52.740 WITH US, TOO. 1387 00:44:52.740 --> 00:44:55.008 SO YOU'RE GOING TO WANT TO TUNE 1388 00:44:55.008 --> 00:44:56.243 IN AND WANT TO SEND IN YOUR 1389 00:44:56.243 --> 00:44:57.611 QUESTIONS AND WE WILL SEE YOU 1390 00:44:57.611 --> 00:44:58.946 THEN, BUT IN THE MEANTIME IF YOU 1391 00:44:58.946 --> 00:45:00.798 WANT MORE HUBBLE FIND US ON 1392 00:45:00.798 --> 00:45:02.032 NASA.GOV/HUBBLE OR SOCIAL 1393 00:45:02.032 --> 00:45:03.133 MEDIA AT HUBBLE. 1394 00:45:03.133 --> 00:45:04.501 THANK YOU FOR TUNING IN. 1395 00:45:08.856 --> 00:45:18.048 FIVE, FOUR, THREE, TWO, ONE AND 1396 00:45:18.048 --> 00:45:20.284 LIFT-OFF OF THE SPACE SHUTTLE 1397 00:45:20.284 --> 00:45:21.118 "DISCOVERY" WITH THE HUBBLE 1398 00:45:21.118 --> 00:45:21.752 SPACE TELESCOPE. 1399 00:45:21.752 --> 00:45:28.726 OUR WINDOW ON THE EARTH. 1400 00:45:28.726 --> 00:45:46.543 ♪ 1401 00:45:46.543 --> 00:46:25.349 ♪ 1402 00:46:25.349 --> 00:46:46.403 ♪ 1403 00:46:46.403 --> 00:46:51.141 >> COUPLERS SATELLITE, IT'S 1404 00:46:51.141 --> 00:46:53.410 ABOUT HUMANITY'S QUEST FOR 1405 00:46:53.410 --> 00:46:53.677 KNOWLEDGE. 1406 00:46:53.677 --> 00:46:55.412 THE ONLY WAY FINDING THE LIMITS 1407 00:46:55.412 --> 00:46:56.880 OF THE POSSIBLE IS GOING BEYOND 1408 00:46:56.880 --> 00:46:58.315 THEM INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE. 1409 00:46:58.315 --> 00:47:00.350 I WANT TO WISH HUBBLE ITS OWN 1410 00:47:00.350 --> 00:47:02.452 SET OF ADVENTURES THAT IT MAY 1411 00:47:02.452 --> 00:47:03.420 UNLOCK FURTHER MYSTERIES OF THE 1412 00:47:03.420 --> 00:47:03.687 UNIVERSE. 1413 00:47:03.687 --> 00:47:07.391 THE 1414 00:47:07.391 --> 00:47:12.663 ♪ 1415 00:47:12.663 --> 00:47:19.069 HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE IMAGING 1416 00:47:19.069 --> 00:47:20.804 LOOKS FOR BLACK HOLES AND 1417 00:47:20.804 --> 00:47:22.072 LOOKING FOR PLANETS ORBITING 1418 00:47:22.072 --> 00:47:23.273 OTHER STARS. 1419 00:47:23.273 --> 00:47:25.742 AFTER THIS THE SYSTEM HAD A 1420 00:47:25.742 --> 00:47:29.346 POWER FAILURE IN 2004, THEY 1421 00:47:29.346 --> 00:47:32.082 REPLACED DAMAGED BOARDS 2009 1422 00:47:32.082 --> 00:47:33.917 WHICH TURNED OUT TO BE A 1423 00:47:33.917 --> 00:47:35.986 MEMORABLE DAY FOR EVERYONE 1424 00:47:35.986 --> 00:47:40.724 INVOLVED. 1425 00:47:40.724 --> 00:47:40.858 . 1426 00:47:40.858 --> 00:47:42.392 SO FOR ABOUT TWO YEARS I SPENT 1427 00:47:42.392 --> 00:47:44.828 ALMOST EVERY DAY WITH THE EVA 1428 00:47:44.828 --> 00:47:45.028 TEAM. 1429 00:47:45.028 --> 00:47:46.663 >> WE PRACTICED THAT REPAIR 1430 00:47:46.663 --> 00:47:48.498 MANY, MANY TIMES AND WE HAD 1431 00:47:48.498 --> 00:47:49.733 PRACTICED IT IN THE WATER START 1432 00:47:49.733 --> 00:47:51.101 TO FINISH IN THE POOL, MANY 1433 00:47:51.101 --> 00:47:51.301 TIMES. 1434 00:47:51.301 --> 00:47:53.070 >> WE SPENT HOURS AND DAYS AND 1435 00:47:53.070 --> 00:47:54.771 WEEKS AND MONTHS GOING THROUGH 1436 00:47:54.771 --> 00:47:56.740 WHAT IF THIS FAILS? 1437 00:47:56.740 --> 00:47:59.209 WHAT IF THE CABLE DOESN'T MATE. 1438 00:47:59.209 --> 00:48:01.378 SO WE COVERED AS MUCH AS WE 1439 00:48:01.378 --> 00:48:05.682 COULD HAVE THOUGHT OF GOING INTO 1440 00:48:05.682 --> 00:48:08.518 THIS EVA. 1441 00:48:08.518 --> 00:48:11.655 >> SO WE CAME IN TO WORK HERE AT 1442 00:48:11.655 --> 00:48:14.191 THE SPACE TELESCOPE OPERATIONS 1443 00:48:14.191 --> 00:48:15.225 CONTROL CENTER AT GODDARD. 1444 00:48:15.225 --> 00:48:16.526 >> OUR MECHANICAL RESPONSE TEAM 1445 00:48:16.526 --> 00:48:18.495 WAS WATCHING THE EVA IN A 1446 00:48:18.495 --> 00:48:19.396 CONFERENCE ROOM IN BUILDING 29. 1447 00:48:19.396 --> 00:48:21.632 >> I WAS LOCATED DOWN AT JOHNSON 1448 00:48:21.632 --> 00:48:23.000 SPACE CENTER ALONG WITH 1449 00:48:23.000 --> 00:48:23.734 SERVICING MISSION MANAGER. 1450 00:48:23.734 --> 00:48:25.802 >> THE DAY STARTED OUT REALLY 1451 00:48:25.802 --> 00:48:26.103 WELL. 1452 00:48:26.103 --> 00:48:27.771 I WAS TRYING TO MAKE IT A 1453 00:48:27.771 --> 00:48:28.572 PERFECT DAY, NO PROBLEMS. 1454 00:48:28.572 --> 00:48:29.940 >> TO GET TO THE SECTION WHERE 1455 00:48:29.940 --> 00:48:32.175 WE HAVE TO REMOVE THE HANDRAIL 1456 00:48:32.175 --> 00:48:34.044 AND YOU HAVE TO REMOVE THIS 1457 00:48:34.044 --> 00:48:35.045 HANDRAIL DESIGNED ACTUALLY TO 1458 00:48:35.045 --> 00:48:37.681 HELP REMOVE AND INSTALL THE 1459 00:48:37.681 --> 00:48:39.583 ENTIRE INSTRUMENT IN ORDER TO 1460 00:48:39.583 --> 00:48:42.486 ACCESS THE ELECTRONIC BOARD 1461 00:48:42.486 --> 00:48:42.786 UNDERNIGHT. 1462 00:48:42.786 --> 00:48:43.754 >> AND WE WATCHED MIKE ATTEMPT 1463 00:48:43.754 --> 00:48:46.123 TO DO A RATHER SIMPLE TEST, ALL 1464 00:48:46.123 --> 00:48:48.258 HE'S GOING TO DO IS REMOVE FOUR 1465 00:48:48.258 --> 00:48:50.227 SCREWS FROM THE HANDRAIL. 1466 00:48:50.227 --> 00:48:52.963 >> THE TWO SCREWS AT THE TOP 1467 00:48:52.963 --> 00:48:56.667 FINE, BOTTOM LEFT, FINE AND 1468 00:48:56.667 --> 00:48:57.067 BOTTOM RIGHT. 1469 00:48:57.067 --> 00:48:59.169 >> WE COULD SEE THE TOOL 1470 00:48:59.169 --> 00:49:00.404 SPINNING IN THE BOLTHEAD AND THE 1471 00:49:00.404 --> 00:49:01.438 BOLT WASN'T COMING OUT. 1472 00:49:01.438 --> 00:49:03.941 >> I DON'T WANT TO STRIP THE 1473 00:49:03.941 --> 00:49:04.141 THING. 1474 00:49:04.141 --> 00:49:07.377 >> OH, MY GOD, THAT'S THE FIRST 1475 00:49:07.377 --> 00:49:11.214 THING, WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO? 1476 00:49:11.214 --> 00:49:13.984 THIS IS A SHOW STOPPER HERE. 1477 00:49:13.984 --> 00:49:16.353 >> FOR A WHILE, PROBABLY AN HOUR 1478 00:49:16.353 --> 00:49:17.487 OR SO TRYING DIFFERENT BITS ON 1479 00:49:17.487 --> 00:49:18.789 THE POWER TOOL AND TRYING ALL 1480 00:49:18.789 --> 00:49:19.589 KINDS OF THINGS. 1481 00:49:19.589 --> 00:49:20.991 >> ONE THING THAT CROSSED MY 1482 00:49:20.991 --> 00:49:22.192 MIND, WHAT WOULD YOU DO, WHAT 1483 00:49:22.192 --> 00:49:23.493 WOULD YOU DO AT HOME? 1484 00:49:23.493 --> 00:49:24.695 WHAT WOULD YOU DO IN YOUR GARAGE 1485 00:49:24.695 --> 00:49:26.463 AND THINKING BACK TO MY GARAGE 1486 00:49:26.463 --> 00:49:27.798 AND WHAT WOULD I DO? 1487 00:49:27.798 --> 00:49:30.801 AND I KIND OF USED THE BRUTE 1488 00:49:30.801 --> 00:49:31.001 FORCE. 1489 00:49:31.001 --> 00:49:32.035 WHAT ABOUT TRYING TO BREAK IT. 1490 00:49:32.035 --> 00:49:33.870 >> IT DIDN'T OCCUR TO A LOT OF 1491 00:49:33.870 --> 00:49:34.104 US. 1492 00:49:34.104 --> 00:49:35.305 THIS IS SOMETHING YOU'RE NOT 1493 00:49:35.305 --> 00:49:36.506 EVER TRAINED TO DO OR THINK OF. 1494 00:49:36.506 --> 00:49:38.008 >> ONE OF THE THINGS I DID I 1495 00:49:38.008 --> 00:49:39.476 CALLED BACK TO JAMES COOPER BACK 1496 00:49:39.476 --> 00:49:40.210 HERE AT GODDARD. 1497 00:49:40.210 --> 00:49:42.412 >> JAMES COOPER CALLED US ON THE 1498 00:49:42.412 --> 00:49:44.448 SPEAKER PHONE AND SAID, HEY, 1499 00:49:44.448 --> 00:49:45.816 GUYS, YOU'RE WATCHING, RIGHT? 1500 00:49:45.816 --> 00:49:46.950 >> OF COURSE. 1501 00:49:46.950 --> 00:49:48.518 >> AND WE FOUND OUT WE DID HAVE 1502 00:49:48.518 --> 00:49:50.554 A MOCKUP OF THE FRONT PANEL WITH 1503 00:49:50.554 --> 00:49:51.922 THE HANDRAIL ON IT. 1504 00:49:51.922 --> 00:49:55.125 >> WE CAME UP WITH A QUICK PLAN 1505 00:49:55.125 --> 00:49:57.227 AND BILL MITCHELL SAID I HAVE 1506 00:49:57.227 --> 00:49:59.663 TWO HANDRAILS IN THE CLEAN ROOM 1507 00:49:59.663 --> 00:50:02.899 AND BILL DICKENSON AND I FIGURED 1508 00:50:02.899 --> 00:50:06.003 OUT FOR A TEST AND SCOURED THE 1509 00:50:06.003 --> 00:50:07.537 BUILDING FOR THE MATERIALS WE 1510 00:50:07.537 --> 00:50:07.738 NEED. 1511 00:50:07.738 --> 00:50:08.638 IT WAS A SUNDAY NOBODY AROUND 1512 00:50:08.638 --> 00:50:09.973 AND LITERALLY RUNNING THROUGH 1513 00:50:09.973 --> 00:50:12.442 THE HALLS AND RUN TO WHERE THE 1514 00:50:12.442 --> 00:50:15.545 TECHS WOULD BE AND FIND A GUY, 1515 00:50:15.545 --> 00:50:17.414 GENE WAS IN THE BUILDING WORKING 1516 00:50:17.414 --> 00:50:18.248 ON ANOTHER PROJECT. 1517 00:50:18.248 --> 00:50:19.483 WHAT DO YOU NEED. 1518 00:50:19.483 --> 00:50:21.785 HE SEEN THE PICKUP ON MY BODY 1519 00:50:21.785 --> 00:50:23.420 LANGUAGE BEFORE I ASKED THE 1520 00:50:23.420 --> 00:50:23.687 QUESTION. 1521 00:50:23.687 --> 00:50:25.455 I NEED A TORQUE WRETCH AND I 1522 00:50:25.455 --> 00:50:26.623 NEED A DIGITAL SCALE. 1523 00:50:26.623 --> 00:50:29.192 >> AND HE TAKES OFF TO GET IT 1524 00:50:29.192 --> 00:50:33.196 AND 190, KEN DICKENSON IS THERE 1525 00:50:33.196 --> 00:50:35.032 AND WITHIN MINUTES BILL MITCHELL 1526 00:50:35.032 --> 00:50:36.533 BUSTING THROUGH THE DOOR 1527 00:50:36.533 --> 00:50:39.369 CARRYING THE HANDRAIL IN HIS 1528 00:50:39.369 --> 00:50:41.104 BUNNY SUIT AND CLEAN RAIL 1529 00:50:41.104 --> 00:50:43.173 GARMENT AND GET IT SET UP AND 1530 00:50:43.173 --> 00:50:44.207 READY TO GO AND TEXT PICTURES 1531 00:50:44.207 --> 00:50:45.942 BACK AND FORTH AND JAMES GIVES 1532 00:50:45.942 --> 00:50:46.943 US THE GREEN LIGHT AND GENE 1533 00:50:46.943 --> 00:50:49.479 STANDS UP ON THE TABLE AND 1534 00:50:49.479 --> 00:50:50.914 STARTS PULLING THE HANDRAIL AND 1535 00:50:50.914 --> 00:50:54.251 WHEN HE GOT TO 60 POUNDS, IT 1536 00:50:54.251 --> 00:50:55.652 SNAPPED AND THE BOLT WENT 1537 00:50:55.652 --> 00:50:55.886 FLYING. 1538 00:50:55.886 --> 00:50:58.021 >> ONCE WE'D DONE THAT TEST AND 1539 00:50:58.021 --> 00:51:02.592 I GO THE GOT ON THE 1540 00:51:02.592 --> 00:51:03.627 COMMUNICATION LOOP AND JAMES 1541 00:51:03.627 --> 00:51:05.195 SAID TAKES ABOUT 60 POUNDS OF 1542 00:51:05.195 --> 00:51:07.431 FORCE FOR THEM TO BREAK IT OFF. 1543 00:51:07.431 --> 00:51:08.632 >> SO THEY SENT THE INFORMATION 1544 00:51:08.632 --> 00:51:10.734 TO US AND WE TALKED TO THE 1545 00:51:10.734 --> 00:51:11.868 FLIGHT DIRECTOR ABOUT IT TO GET 1546 00:51:11.868 --> 00:51:12.269 IT COMFORTABLE. 1547 00:51:12.269 --> 00:51:14.638 >> DID YOU COPY THAT? 1548 00:51:14.638 --> 00:51:20.177 60 POUNDS LENNAR AT THE-- 1549 00:51:20.177 --> 00:51:21.244 LINEAR AT THE TOP. 1550 00:51:21.244 --> 00:51:23.680 I THINK YOU'VE GOT IT OFF THAT. 1551 00:51:23.680 --> 00:51:26.683 >> WHAT IF HE PULLS IT OFF AND 1552 00:51:26.683 --> 00:51:28.452 THERE'S DEBRIS. 1553 00:51:28.452 --> 00:51:29.920 OR TAKES FORCE AND HITS HIM. 1554 00:51:29.920 --> 00:51:31.955 >> HE WAS ABLE TO PUT TAPE OVER 1555 00:51:31.955 --> 00:51:33.857 THE HEAD OF THE BOLT TO CONTAIN 1556 00:51:33.857 --> 00:51:36.293 THE DEBRIS THAT MIGHT GO FLYING. 1557 00:51:36.293 --> 00:51:38.061 >> SO I TAPED AS BEST I COULD 1558 00:51:38.061 --> 00:51:39.596 AND WITH ME HELPING ME TO TAPE 1559 00:51:39.596 --> 00:51:40.163 THAT THING. 1560 00:51:40.163 --> 00:51:41.565 >> WE DON'T HAVE VIDEO RIGHT 1561 00:51:41.565 --> 00:51:42.732 NOW, BUT WE'RE READY. 1562 00:51:42.732 --> 00:51:44.000 >> OKAY. 1563 00:51:44.000 --> 00:51:44.968 HAVE A GO. 1564 00:51:44.968 --> 00:51:46.536 >> HERE WE GO. 1565 00:51:46.536 --> 00:51:50.140 >> PULL. 1566 00:51:50.140 --> 00:51:52.809 >> DISPOSE OF THAT-- 1567 00:51:52.809 --> 00:51:55.278 >> EVERYONE ERUPTED IN CHEERS. 1568 00:51:55.278 --> 00:51:57.347 BECAUSE WHEN HE PULLED IT OFF HE 1569 00:51:57.347 --> 00:51:59.916 DIDN'T SEE ANY DEBRIS AND DIDN'T 1570 00:51:59.916 --> 00:52:02.652 HAVE TO TOUCH POTENTIAL SHARP 1571 00:52:02.652 --> 00:52:04.621 EDGES AND WE COULD PUT THE PLATE 1572 00:52:04.621 --> 00:52:04.788 ON. 1573 00:52:04.788 --> 00:52:06.123 >> THE REST OF THE REPAIR WENT 1574 00:52:06.123 --> 00:52:08.792 FAIRLY WELL, IT WAS FINE, 1575 00:52:08.792 --> 00:52:10.327 ACTUALLY, AND WAS WORKING. 1576 00:52:10.327 --> 00:52:11.962 >> THAT ONE OR TWO HOURS THAT I 1577 00:52:11.962 --> 00:52:14.264 WORKED ON BREAKING THE HANDRAIL, 1578 00:52:14.264 --> 00:52:15.699 THAT TASK, THAT VERY WELL COULD 1579 00:52:15.699 --> 00:52:18.368 GO DOWN AS A HIGHLIGHT OF MY 1580 00:52:18.368 --> 00:52:18.602 CAREER. 1581 00:52:18.602 --> 00:52:20.770 >> SO THE GODDARD TEAM DID A 1582 00:52:20.770 --> 00:52:24.908 GREAT JOB AND I'M FOREVER IN 1583 00:52:24.908 --> 00:52:32.782 THEIR DEBT. 1584 00:52:32.782 --> 00:52:34.851 ♪ 1585 00:52:34.851 --> 00:52:39.956 >> WE'RE ALL EXPLORERS. 1586 00:52:39.956 --> 00:52:46.296 IT'S IN OUR DNA. 1587 00:52:46.296 --> 00:52:50.901 WE EXPLORE THE DEPTHS OF OUR 1588 00:52:50.901 --> 00:52:54.871 OCEANS, OUR PLANET'S INNER 1589 00:52:54.871 --> 00:52:57.974 REGIONS, AND ITS DESOLATE 1590 00:52:57.974 --> 00:53:00.110 OUTPOSTS. 1591 00:53:00.110 --> 00:53:11.788 WE NEVER STOP EXPLORING. 1592 00:53:11.788 --> 00:53:15.125 GALILEO OPENED OUR EYES TO THE 1593 00:53:15.125 --> 00:53:17.661 HEAVENS WITH THE USE OF A NEWLY 1594 00:53:17.661 --> 00:53:20.230 DEVELOPED INSTRUMENT, THE 1595 00:53:20.230 --> 00:53:20.497 TELESCOPE. 1596 00:53:20.497 --> 00:53:22.766 HE STARTED A RENAISSANCE 1597 00:53:22.766 --> 00:53:24.401 EXPLORATION OF THE SKY. 1598 00:53:24.401 --> 00:53:27.070 IT WOULD TAKE US TO THE MOON AND 1599 00:53:27.070 --> 00:53:30.207 BEYOND. 1600 00:53:30.207 --> 00:53:32.542 FOR OVER A QUARTER CENTURY, THE 1601 00:53:32.542 --> 00:53:34.211 HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE HAS BEEN 1602 00:53:34.211 --> 00:53:36.813 UNLOCKING THE MYSTERIES OF THE 1603 00:53:36.813 --> 00:53:39.950 UNIVERSE. 1604 00:53:39.950 --> 00:53:43.486 ALLOWING US TO EXPLORE THE EDGES 1605 00:53:43.486 --> 00:53:50.527 OF SPACE AND TIME. 1606 00:53:50.527 --> 00:53:59.669 FROM NEBULAS, TO GALAXIES. 1607 00:53:59.669 --> 00:54:04.841 FROM NEWBORN STARS TO PLANET 1608 00:54:04.841 --> 00:54:06.843 FORMATION. 1609 00:54:06.843 --> 00:54:11.915 FROM EXOPLANETS TO OUR OWN 1610 00:54:11.915 --> 00:54:15.018 PLANET. 1611 00:54:15.018 --> 00:54:20.156 AND FROM DARK MATTER TO DARK 1612 00:54:20.156 --> 00:54:24.594 ENERGY. 1613 00:54:24.594 --> 00:54:29.399 HUBBLE HAS ALLOWED US TO SEE THE 1614 00:54:29.399 --> 00:54:30.800 BREATHTAKING DETAILS OF THE 1615 00:54:30.800 --> 00:54:34.137 UNIVERSE NEVER BEFORE SEEN. 1616 00:54:34.137 --> 00:54:35.472 WE SALUTE THE THOUSANDS OF MEN 1617 00:54:35.472 --> 00:54:38.508 AND WOMEN FROM AROUND THE WORLD 1618 00:54:38.508 --> 00:54:40.744 AND IN SPACE THAT HAVE GIVEN 1619 00:54:40.744 --> 00:54:42.946 HUMANITY THIS INCREDIBLE 1620 00:54:42.946 --> 00:54:46.883 EXPLORATION MACHINE WHILE WE 1621 00:54:46.883 --> 00:54:50.654 CELEBRATE ITS PAST AND DREAM OF 1622 00:54:50.654 --> 00:54:56.192 ITS FUTURE DISCOVERIES. 1623 00:54:56.192 --> 00:55:00.297 THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE, 1624 00:55:00.297 --> 00:55:01.064 INSPIRING THE EXPLORER IN ALL OF 1625 00:55:01.064 --> 00:55:08.371 US. 1626 00:55:08.371 --> 00:55:15.278 ♪ 1627 00:55:15.278 --> 00:55:16.513 ENGINEERS AT THE GODDARD SPACE 1628 00:55:16.513 --> 00:55:18.014 FLIGHT CENTER DISCOVERED THERE 1629 00:55:18.014 --> 00:55:19.983 WAS A VERY SMALL FAULT IN THE 1630 00:55:19.983 --> 00:55:20.450 POWER CONTROL UNIT. 1631 00:55:20.450 --> 00:55:24.220 >> YOU KNOW, IT'S THE HEART OF 1632 00:55:24.220 --> 00:55:24.654 HUBBLE. 1633 00:55:24.654 --> 00:55:26.589 ALL THE POWER RUNS THROUGH THAT 1634 00:55:26.589 --> 00:55:26.756 BOX. 1635 00:55:26.756 --> 00:55:28.658 >> YOU ACTUALLY HAVE TO TURN OFF 1636 00:55:28.658 --> 00:55:29.626 THE TELESCOPE AND THIS IS 1637 00:55:29.626 --> 00:55:31.461 SOMETHING THAT WE'VE NEVER EVER 1638 00:55:31.461 --> 00:55:32.696 DONE, TURNED THE TELESCOPE 1639 00:55:32.696 --> 00:55:33.730 COMPLETELY OFF BECAUSE WHEN YOU 1640 00:55:33.730 --> 00:55:35.865 TURN THE POWER OFF OF HUBBLE, IT 1641 00:55:35.865 --> 00:55:36.433 STARTS GETTING COLD. 1642 00:55:36.433 --> 00:55:39.569 >> YOU KNOW, SPACE IS A CRUEL 1643 00:55:39.569 --> 00:55:41.571 ENVIRONMENT AND SO THE 1644 00:55:41.571 --> 00:55:42.939 TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF THE 1645 00:55:42.939 --> 00:55:45.075 TELESCOPE IS VERY IMPORTANT. 1646 00:55:45.075 --> 00:55:48.111 I WAS BROUGHT IN ON TO DEVELOP A 1647 00:55:48.111 --> 00:55:49.446 PROCEDURE WHICH WOULD TURN THE 1648 00:55:49.446 --> 00:55:50.880 TELESCOPE OFF AS QUICKLY AS WE 1649 00:55:50.880 --> 00:55:51.281 POSSIBLY COULD. 1650 00:55:51.281 --> 00:55:53.183 >> FOR MONTHS WE ANALYZED 1651 00:55:53.183 --> 00:55:54.017 DIFFERENT SCENARIOS. 1652 00:55:54.017 --> 00:55:55.218 >> WE THOUGHT THROUGH EVERYTHING 1653 00:55:55.218 --> 00:55:56.219 THAT COULD POSSIBLY GO WRONG. 1654 00:55:56.219 --> 00:55:57.887 >> YOU KNOW, WE FELT CONFIDENT 1655 00:55:57.887 --> 00:56:03.293 THAT WE HAD A REAM OF ANALYSIS. 1656 00:56:03.293 --> 00:56:05.261 >> I ARRIVED LATE AT NIGHT FOR 1657 00:56:05.261 --> 00:56:06.196 THE START OF THE ORBIT SHIFT. 1658 00:56:06.196 --> 00:56:07.831 >> SO THE TEAM IS VERY PREPARED 1659 00:56:07.831 --> 00:56:09.399 AND VERY FOCUSED ON WHAT WE HAD 1660 00:56:09.399 --> 00:56:10.033 TO DO THAT NIGHT. 1661 00:56:10.033 --> 00:56:11.368 >> YOU KNOW, EVERYTHING WAS 1662 00:56:11.368 --> 00:56:11.668 PRETTY CALM. 1663 00:56:11.668 --> 00:56:14.904 EVERYTHING WAS, YOU KNOW, YOU'RE 1664 00:56:14.904 --> 00:56:15.472 NERVOUS, BUT EVERYTHING WAS 1665 00:56:15.472 --> 00:56:16.439 GOING ACCORDING TO PLAN. 1666 00:56:16.439 --> 00:56:18.074 >> JOHN IS GETTING INTO THE 1667 00:56:18.074 --> 00:56:19.809 SUIT, GETTING INTO THE AIR LOCK. 1668 00:56:19.809 --> 00:56:21.311 GOING THROUGH THEIR CHECKLIST 1669 00:56:21.311 --> 00:56:22.412 AND WE ARE SENDING COMMANDS AND 1670 00:56:22.412 --> 00:56:24.481 IT'S LIKE WE'RE STARTING DOWN 1671 00:56:24.481 --> 00:56:25.749 ROLLERCOASTER RIDE. 1672 00:56:25.749 --> 00:56:27.784 THE GOAL WAS ALWAYS TO HAVE THE 1673 00:56:27.784 --> 00:56:28.952 WORK SITE READY TO GO WITH 1674 00:56:28.952 --> 00:56:30.320 WHATEVER POWER NEEDED TO BE 1675 00:56:30.320 --> 00:56:32.155 REMOVED FOR SAFETY 1676 00:56:32.155 --> 00:56:33.022 CONSIDERATIONS, JUST WHEN THE 1677 00:56:33.022 --> 00:56:37.093 CREW GOT TO THE WORK SITE, ALL 1678 00:56:37.093 --> 00:56:39.863 OF A SUDDEN WE HEAR OVER THE 1679 00:56:39.863 --> 00:56:41.531 LOOP WE HEAR JOHN SAY, I HAVE A 1680 00:56:41.531 --> 00:56:41.731 LEAK. 1681 00:56:41.731 --> 00:56:43.800 >> WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? 1682 00:56:43.800 --> 00:56:45.969 >> A WATER LEAK IN A SUIT, YOU 1683 00:56:45.969 --> 00:56:47.904 KNOW, THAT'S NOT GOOD. 1684 00:56:47.904 --> 00:56:50.140 >> AND AL COMES ON THE LOOP AND 1685 00:56:50.140 --> 00:56:51.941 TELLS US, STOP DOING THE 1686 00:56:51.941 --> 00:56:52.776 COMMANDING, WE NEED TO FIGURE 1687 00:56:52.776 --> 00:56:54.144 OUT WHAT WE'RE GOING TO DO FROM 1688 00:56:54.144 --> 00:56:54.878 THIS POINT. 1689 00:56:54.878 --> 00:56:57.647 WHAT WE NEEDILY DID WAS STARTED 1690 00:56:57.647 --> 00:56:59.349 TO ASSESS WHAT COMPONENTS WE'VE 1691 00:56:59.349 --> 00:56:59.883 POWERED OFF. 1692 00:56:59.883 --> 00:57:02.118 >> YOU KNOW, THESE THINGS DON'T 1693 00:57:02.118 --> 00:57:04.921 HAVE A MARGIN, WE'RE UP TO THE 1694 00:57:04.921 --> 00:57:05.121 LINE. 1695 00:57:05.121 --> 00:57:06.256 >> OUR THERMAL ENGINEERS WOULD 1696 00:57:06.256 --> 00:57:07.791 TELL US, GIVEN THE CONDITION AND 1697 00:57:07.791 --> 00:57:08.992 THE CURRENT TEMPERATURES, WE'VE 1698 00:57:08.992 --> 00:57:11.361 GOT A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF TIME. 1699 00:57:11.361 --> 00:57:13.463 >> SAID, OKAY, TURN ON THIS. 1700 00:57:13.463 --> 00:57:16.065 TURN ON THIS INSTRUMENT. 1701 00:57:16.065 --> 00:57:17.634 TURN ON THESE BUS HEATERS. 1702 00:57:17.634 --> 00:57:19.936 >> AT THE SAME TIME THE 1703 00:57:19.936 --> 00:57:21.304 ASTRONAUTS ARE WORKING 1704 00:57:21.304 --> 00:57:23.173 FRANTICALLY TO CHANGE OUST 1705 00:57:23.173 --> 00:57:25.975 JOHN'S SUIT GET HIM READY. 1706 00:57:25.975 --> 00:57:27.811 >> WE'VE GOT IT FIXED, THE NEXT 1707 00:57:27.811 --> 00:57:28.278 THING WE HEAR. 1708 00:57:28.278 --> 00:57:30.980 >> WE'RE WORKING WELL AND TURNED 1709 00:57:30.980 --> 00:57:32.215 RIGHT BACK AROUND AND SHUTTING 1710 00:57:32.215 --> 00:57:33.183 THINGS BACK OFF. 1711 00:57:33.183 --> 00:57:35.218 >> WE WERE RIGHT BACK ON THE 1712 00:57:35.218 --> 00:57:36.219 ROLLERCOASTER OF POWERING DOWN 1713 00:57:36.219 --> 00:57:36.419 AGAIN. 1714 00:57:36.419 --> 00:57:38.788 >> IT WAS A RELIEF TO ME WE'RE 1715 00:57:38.788 --> 00:57:40.590 BACK ON TRACK, BACK TO THE 1716 00:57:40.590 --> 00:57:41.124 ORIGINAL PLAN. 1717 00:57:41.124 --> 00:57:43.026 >> LUCKILY WE HAD EVERYTHING 1718 00:57:43.026 --> 00:57:45.061 RECONFIGURED IN TIME BY THE TIME 1719 00:57:45.061 --> 00:57:47.263 THAT JOHN GOT TO THE DOOR AND 1720 00:57:47.263 --> 00:57:50.400 READY TO BE WORKING ON IT. 1721 00:57:50.400 --> 00:57:53.102 >> POWERED DOWN. 1722 00:57:53.102 --> 00:57:59.375 >> PEOPLE, YOU'RE GENIUSES. 1723 00:57:59.375 --> 00:58:02.078 >> IT WAS COMPLETELY OFF. 1724 00:58:02.078 --> 00:58:07.050 >> TO WATCH THE TEMPERATURES, 1725 00:58:07.050 --> 00:58:10.086 WATCH THE VOLTAGES AND POWER, 1726 00:58:10.086 --> 00:58:10.787 WATCHING EVERYTHING WHILE 1727 00:58:10.787 --> 00:58:13.056 THEY'RE WORKING ON THE HUBBLE 1728 00:58:13.056 --> 00:58:13.323 TELESCOPE. 1729 00:58:13.323 --> 00:58:14.624 WE HAD NONE OF THAT. 1730 00:58:14.624 --> 00:58:16.626 >> AND WE WATCHED JOHN PERFORM 1731 00:58:16.626 --> 00:58:20.196 THE MOST EVA OF ALL TIME, LIKE 1732 00:58:20.196 --> 00:58:29.906 WATCHING POETRY IN MOTION. 1733 00:58:29.906 --> 00:58:33.610 BEFORE WE KNEW IT, IT WAS TIME 1734 00:58:33.610 --> 00:58:36.112 TO POWER THINGS BACK ON. 1735 00:58:36.112 --> 00:58:39.382 >> AND WE GIVE US THE CALL TO GO 1736 00:58:39.382 --> 00:58:42.819 FOR THE TEST AND ASSUME COMMAND 1737 00:58:42.819 --> 00:58:44.554 AND TURN THE TELESCOPE BACK ON. 1738 00:58:44.554 --> 00:58:48.791 >> ALL OF A SUDDEN, THIS FLOOD 1739 00:58:48.791 --> 00:58:51.528 OF TELEMETRY COMES FROM THE 1740 00:58:51.528 --> 00:58:51.794 TELESCOPE. 1741 00:58:51.794 --> 00:58:53.196 >> POWER WAS RUNNING THROUGH IT, 1742 00:58:53.196 --> 00:58:54.364 THE BATTERIES WERE CHARGING AND 1743 00:58:54.364 --> 00:58:55.231 FOR ME, THE TEMPERATURES WERE 1744 00:58:55.231 --> 00:58:56.065 LOOKING IN A SAFE, YOU KNOW, 1745 00:58:56.065 --> 00:58:56.432 RANGE. 1746 00:58:56.432 --> 00:58:57.116 >> EVERYONE IS LOOKING AT THEIR 1747 00:58:57.116 --> 00:58:57.884 SCREENS AND IT WAS PRETTY MUCH 1748 00:58:57.884 --> 00:58:59.953 JUST GREEN ACROSS THE BOARD.