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Hubble is profoundly significant

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I think for humanity.

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We work together, we launched this telescope

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that's now in orbit that's now in orbit Earth

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and has been in orbit for 25 years

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revealing things about the universe that we never knew before.

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So because of Hubble we been able to learn

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about other galaxies and even the expansion

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of the entire universe and details about our own 

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neighborhood and solar system with detail that we could never have had before.

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It was hoped from the outset that Hubble

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would help us understand how fast the universe was stretching apart

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and it has done that.

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But one surprise is that in recent years

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Hubble along with ground based telescopes

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have been used to determine

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that expansion rate is actually getting faster

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that expansion rate is actually getting faster, it's accelerating.

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Something we call "dark energy" is pushing the universe apart, 

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that's a big unexpected surprise.

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We're also doing things with Hubble that

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are innovative that weren't planned from the outset.

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One is, we're using Hubble to study the atmosphere's

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of planets outside our own solar system.

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So we have only known for a few years now

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that there are planets outside our solar system

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Hubble has not made most of those discoveries of exoplanets

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but what Hubble is doing is analyzing the 

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composition of some of those atmosphere of exoplanets.

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And that's a very innovative use of Hubble.

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Hubble, even after 25 years is actually

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working as well or better then ever

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and the reason that is the case is that

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the last servicing mission that astronauts did

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in 2009 was very successful.

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We were able through their hard work and

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hard work of many many people on the ground

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to install 2 brand new state of the art instruments.

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A new camera, a new spectrograph, 

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and also the astronauts repaired another camera

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and spectrograph already on the observatory.

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So now we have this full suite of several science instruments.

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We also have good batteries and gyroscopes

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all the things we need to keep the telescope pointing and operating stability.

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So we can get better science now from Hubble

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then ever before.

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In fact, scientist around the world are proposing

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to use Hubble at the highest rates ever in recent years.

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So, Hubble is bringing excellent science and we anticipate this for several years to come.

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I think Hubble has become a cultural icon

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because the beautiful images that it sends down

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and one thing I'm pleased that NASA has done

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and also the European Space Agency

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is to make these images easily available to the public.

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This is an image taken by pointing Hubble

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at a relatively boring position in the sky

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where there aren't any nearby star or galaxies 

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and Hubble was allowed to collect light

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for days on end, so you could see the faintest galaxies

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and faintest objects.

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What appeared in that image were thousands 

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of galaxies, most of them never discovered before

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and that's just in a soda straw area of the sky.

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If you imagine these galaxies extrapolated

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around the whole sky, you get a visual image for

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how many galaxies there are.

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We are always getting surprised by what we are discovering with Hubble.

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We are now looking into the atmospheres of exoplanets.

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These are planets outside our solar system.

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Nobody ever envisioned that for Hubble when it was first launched.

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We are able to watch and see

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how things change in our own solar system,

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we're able to see how planets and comets change,

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sometimes on a daily basis.

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That's very exciting and we are able to

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compare the make up of extremely distant galaxies,

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with galaxies like our own,

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using Hubble's sensitive cameras and spectrographs.

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Different kinds of telescopes have 

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different strengths and capabilites,

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so Hubble is very good at doing observations in

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visible optical light and some what into

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near infered light and ultraviolet light.

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But Hubble is not capable of looking far

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into infered light into these 

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reddened and lower energy light forms

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that are sometimes emitted from objects

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especially distant galaxies.

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The James Webb Space Telescope,

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to be launched in 2018,

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will be an infered observatory and

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it will be able to see galaxies that are farther away

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then what Hubble can see.

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It will also be able to peer into some of these

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dusty regions around stars where we think 

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dusty regions around stars where we think planets form.

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So James Webb will pick up on some of the science that Hubble

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has revealed and take us a little bit farther.

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So we're excited about James Webb and we hope it will overlap with Hubble some years.

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