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[music]:::[music] Narrator: If you looked at the moon over the course of a few weeks, you'd probably:::notice that it looks slightly different every day. The change in its shadow is based on:::where the moon is in its orbit. We call this cycle the phases of the moon, and it occurs:::roughly once a month. At least twice a year, however, something quite different:::happens. The moon passes through the shadow cast by the Earth, causing it to look extremely:::unusual for a short period of time. From the Earth, the moon will appear to:::darken and turn a deep red before eventually returning to normal. This is called a lunar:::eclipse. If we were to look at what happens from space during an eclipse, it would go:::something like this. First, the moon passes through what's called the penumbra,:::where the Sun's light is only partially obscured. This results in only a slight darkening:::of the moon. As the moon continues along its path, however, it enters what's:::called the umbra, where all direct light from the Sun is blocked. But if the Sun is blocked,:::why does the moon turn red? When light from the Sun goes by the side of the Earth,:::it passes through a long and thick layer of Earth's atmosphere. Shorter wavelengths:::of sunlight, like blue, are scattered by the atmosphere, so by the time the light has:::finished its trip to the moon, more of the longer wavelengths, like red, are left over.:::On the Earth, the same thing happens at sunset as the ground you stand on gradually:::passes into night. As the eclipse ends, the moon leaves the umbra, returns:::to its normal color, and then leaves the penumbra, brightening and resuming its original:::cycle. Overall, the whole process lasts only from a few minutes to a few hours,:::so you'll have to be quick if you want to see it. But--as long as you're willing to stay:::awake--you'll catch the moon as you won't see it too often.:::[music, beeping]:::[music, beeping]:::[music]:::[silence]:::
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