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[music playing]:::[music playing]:::[Narrator] Planet Earth is an oasis of life, but without the Sun:::our home planet would little more than a frozen rock stranded in space.:::The Sun is a powerful blazing star.:::It radiates huge amounts of electromagnetic energy in all directions.:::Earth is only one small recipient of the Sun's energy.:::The Sun's rays extend far out into the solar system, illuminating all the other planets.:::The Sun warms the Earth and makes life possible here.:::Its energy also generates clouds, cleans our water,:::and drives ocean currents, thunderstorms, and hurricanes.:::For three decades, NASA scientists have investigated the unique relationship:::between the Sun and the Earth.:::They study the solar power arriving at Earth, :::and they examine how it breaks down into different wavelengths.:::30% of incoming solar power is reflected back into space:::by things like clouds, aerosols, ice, and snow.:::The remaining 70% is absorbed by the land, ocean, and atmosphere.:::And, this solar power is what drives the climate system.:::The Earth's energy budget is a delicate balance between incoming solar:::and outgoing thermal energy.:::[Robert Cahalan] It's the balance between those two forms of energy that determines:::the temperature of the planet.:::Our energy budget is a little bit out of balance now,:::and that's due to the carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.:::[Narrator] As humans burn fossil fuels, greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere:::and block the Earth's outgoing heat.:::The resulting imbalance will cause the Earth to heat-up over the next century,:::accelerating the melting of polar ice caps, causing sea level to rise,:::and creating more violent global weather patterns.:::Humans affect Earth's climate internally, and the Sun is the primary external influence.:::Sunspots and solar weather cause incoming solar power to vary.:::And, long-term fluctuations in the solar cycle can impact Earth's climate.:::As the Earth warms, scientists strive to better understand::: the Sun's direct and indirect affect on the Earth.:::The Total Irradiance Monitor, or TIM instrument, was launched in 2003:::as part of NASA's SORCE mission.:::TIM measures total solar irradiance with state-of-the-art accuracy:::and has been rebuilt as part of NASA's upcoming Glory mission.:::Glory will also collect data on aerosols,:::one of the least understood components of the climate puzzle.:::As our home planet changes in unprecedented ways,:::researchers will continue to rely on NASA missions to illuminate:::their understanding of the Earth and the Sun.:::[music playing]:::[wind blowing]:::
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