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MRR-OWC-02:G2012-121 Robert Kennedy Northwest Forest:Compressor:H.264
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::: My name's Robert Kennedy. I'm an Assistant Professor in the Department of Earth and Environment at Boston University.:::All of these images are numbers.:::Now we can display them on a monitor as different colors.:::but what we work with, analytically, are the numbers themselves.:::When we're looking at how processes affect landscapes:::you need to understand how the processes unfold over time.:::Hindsight's 20/20. Landsat gives you that hindsight.:::In the Pacfic Northwest, known for its timber, right for producing lumber.:::So you've got a stable forest and it looks kind of the same to the satellite over time:::and then you come along and cut down all the trees – boom, it's a lot brighter.:::So you can think of sutracting one part of the information.:::And the other thing is that you've revealed something new which is the soil, the rocks.:::So you've added this soil in there, this signal that:::sort of bursts out at you like a flag.:::That soil signal that was there, that you saw right after the clear cut,:::immediately starts getting obscured - grass will come in, shrubs will come in....:::So as that happens the soil gets covered up. So you can actually watch that whole process happen,:::from an older forest to this bright soil to recovering vegetation::::::So the progression in the bark beetle case, we have a fairly stable lodgepole forest.:::There'll be sort of an explosion, and epidemic of these beetles. :::Our color scheme goes from stable forest which is in tones of blue:::to this bright red coming from the soil and from branches and things:::that are revealed when the trees lose their needles and when the needles change color.:::One of the insects thats increasingly important is:::Western Spruce Budworm. They don't go in and kill the tree outright,:::but come in and eat the buds or the young needles off a tree.:::So the satellite sees that as a bit of a darkening of the picture over time.:::By the end of the time period, we see pure yellow and that's associated with broadleaf shrubs,:::it could even be a shrub field, just dense.:::Those bugs have changed the environment for everything else there,:::and the Everything Else there in this part of the world are shrubs: rhododendrons, other shrubs:::that are usually hanging out underneath the trees:::where its kind of dark and shady. Boom, they get all this light, they love it, they grow like gangbusters.::::::One of the interesting things about managing forests in the Pacific northwest,:::you can see a very strict delineation on your landscape:::from the satellite's perspective, and that's just:::a manifestation of the policy differences, of the ownership differences.:::The idea behind science is to develop understanding,:::ultimately to be able to predict and understand processes.:::When we look at a change, when we look at those graphs of life histories:::of individual pixels, it's that the numbers that drive everything.:::It's the numbers that we use to look at how severe things are, it's the numbers that we to quantify how long did it take:::or when did that start or how big was that clear cut.:::The Landsat perspective is really the only tool that lets you look at what's going on:::at the scale that you're interested in where you can see individual events and:::harvests and roads and houses – and at the same time look at the whole landscape.::::::[beep]:::
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