{
    "count": 38,
    "next": null,
    "previous": null,
    "results": [
        {
            "id": 30363,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30363/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies",
            "description": "Sea-surface temperature is the temperature of the top millimeter of the ocean's surface. An anomaly is when something is different from normal, or average. A sea-surface temperature anomaly is how different the ocean temperature at a particular location at a particular time is from the normal temperatures for that place. Sea surface temperature anomalies can happen as part of normal ocean cycles or they can be a sign of long-term climate change, such as global warming. These maps show monthly sea-surface temperature anomalies from June 2002 to September 2011, as derived from Aqua’s Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) data. AMSR-E ended data collection in October 2011 due to problems with the rotation of its antenna. || ",
            "hits": 132
        },
        {
            "id": 30364,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30364/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Sea-Surface Temperatures",
            "description": "Sea-surface temperature is the temperature of the top millimeter of the ocean's surface. Sea-surface temperatures influence weather, including hurricanes, as well as plant and animal life in the ocean. Like Earth's land surface, sea-surface temperatures are warmer near the equator and colder near the poles. Currents like giant rivers move warm and cold water around the world's oceans. Some of these currents flow on the surface, and they are obvious in sea surface temperature images. Special microwave technology allows the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) sensor on NASA's Aqua satellite to measure sea-surface temperatures through clouds, something no satellite sensor before it was able to do across the whole globe. These maps show monthly sea-surface temperatures from June 2002 to September 2011, as derived from AMSR-E data. AMSR-E ended data collection in October 2011 due to problems with the rotation of its antenna. || ",
            "hits": 36
        },
        {
            "id": 30366,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30366/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Total Column Ozone",
            "description": "Ozone gas is a form of oxygen in which each molecule has three oxygen atoms instead of two. Near the ground, ozone is a pollutant that forms when byproducts of burning coal, oil, or gasoline mix with water vapor in the presence of sunlight. In the stratosphere, however, ozone forms naturally and absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation known as UV-B. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura satellite provides daily total-column ozone, which is how much ozone is present in a column of the atmosphere stretching from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. Therefore, it includes both ground-level and stratospheric ozone.These maps show monthly total-column ozone as measured by OMI from October 2004 to the present. Ozone concentrations are measured in Dobson Units. A Dobson Unit is the amount of ozone that would be required to create a layer of pure ozone 0.01 millimeters thick at the Earth’s surface, at a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 1 atmosphere. || ",
            "hits": 64
        },
        {
            "id": 30367,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30367/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Solar Insolation",
            "description": "These maps show Earth's average monthly solar insolation, or the rate of incoming sunlight reaching the surface, from July 2006 to the present as derived from Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) measurements of radiant energy escaping the top of Earth's atmosphere. The CERES instrument flies onboard NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites and makes these measurements every day on a global scale. The colors represent the kilowatt-hours of sunlight falling on every square meter of the surface per day, averaged over one month. Energy from the sun warms the surface, creating updrafts of air that carry warmth and moisture up into the atmosphere. Thus, knowing the rate of sunlight reaching the surface helps scientists understand weather and climate patterns. Exposure to sunlight is also a key limit to plant growth, particularly in tropical rainforests. Thus, insolation maps are also useful to scientists studying plant growth patterns in different parts of the world. || ",
            "hits": 198
        },
        {
            "id": 30369,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30369/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Net Radiation",
            "description": "The difference between how much solar energy enters the Earth system and how much heat energy escapes into space is called net radiation. Some places absorb more energy than they give off back to space, so they have an energy surplus. Other places lose more energy to space than they absorb, so they have an energy deficit. These maps show monthly net radiation from July 2006 to the present, from the Fast Longwave And Shortwave Radiative Fluxes, or FLASHFlux, Time Interpolation and Spatial Averaging (TISA) data product. The product contains daily observations collected by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) sensors on NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites. The colors show the net radiation (in Watts per square meter) that was contained in the Earth system. The maps illustrate the fundamental imbalance between net radiation surpluses at the equator (red areas), where sunlight is direct year-round, and net radiation deficits at high latitudes (blue areas), where direct sunlight is seasonal. || ",
            "hits": 196
        },
        {
            "id": 30370,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30370/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Reflected Shortwave Radiation",
            "description": "If you look at Mars in the night sky, the planet is little more than a glowing dot. From Mars, Earth would have the same star-like appearance. What gives the planets this light? Do they shine like a star? No. The light is mostly reflected sunlight. These images show how much sunlight Earth reflects. Bright parts of Earth like snow, ice, and clouds, reflect the most light; dark surfaces, like the oceans, reflect less light. Earth's average temperature is determined by the balance between how much sunlight Earth reflects, how much it absorbs, and how much heat it gives off. These maps show monthly reflected-shortwave radiation from July 2006 to the present, from the Fast Longwave And Shortwave Radiative Fluxes, or FLASHFlux, Time Interpolation and Spatial Averaging (TISA) data product. The product contains daily observations collected by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) sensors on NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites. The colors in the map show the amount of shortwave energy (in Watts per square meter) that was reflected by the Earth system. The brighter, whiter regions show where more sunlight is reflected, while green regions show intermediate values, and blue regions are lower values. || ",
            "hits": 145
        },
        {
            "id": 30371,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30371/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Albedo",
            "description": "When sunlight reaches the Earth’s surface, some of it is absorbed and some is reflected. The relative amount, or ratio, of light that a surface reflects compared to the total incoming sunlight is called albedo. Surfaces with high albedos include sand, snow and ice, and some urban surfaces, such as concrete. Surfaces with low albedos include forests, the ocean, and some urban surfaces, such as asphalt. These maps show monthly albedo from February 2000 to the present, on a scale from 0 (no incoming sunlight being reflected) to 0.9 (nearly all incoming light being reflected). Darker blue colors indicate that the surface is not reflecting much light, while paler blues indicate higher proportions of incoming light are being reflected. Black areas indicate “no data,” either over ocean or because persistent cloudiness prevented enough views of the surface. The observations are based on atmospherically corrected, cloud-cleared reflectance observations from the MODIS sensors on NASA’s Aqua and Terra satellites. || ",
            "hits": 99
        },
        {
            "id": 30372,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30372/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Snow Cover",
            "description": "Snow and ice cover most of the Earth's polar regions throughout the year, but the coverage at lower latitudes changes with the seasons. Northern Hemisphere snow cover changes dramatically throughout the year, but the only significant snow cover in the Southern Hemisphere is in Antarctica, which has very few snow-free areas at any time of the year. These maps show monthly snow cover data from February 2000 to the present, derived using observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard NASA's Terra satellite. The colors show the percent of land area that is covered with snow. The white areas show lands that were completely snow-covered, while the light blue shades show regions in which there was only partial snow cover. || ",
            "hits": 34
        },
        {
            "id": 30373,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30373/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Daytime Land-Surface Temperature",
            "description": "Scientists monitor land-surface temperature because the warmth rising off Earth's landscapes influences our world's weather and climate patterns. Likewise, land surface temperature is also influenced by changes in weather and climate patterns. These maps show monthly daytime land-surface temperatures from February 2000 to the present using thermal infrared measurements made by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument aboard NASA's Terra satellite. The measurements shown here represent the temperature of the \"skin\" (or top 1 millimeter) of the land surface during the daytime—including bare land, snow or ice cover, and cropland or forest canopy—and should not be confused with surface air temperature measurements that are given in a typical weather reports. Yellow shows the warmest temperatures (up to 45 degrees Celsius) and light blue shows the coldest temperatures (down to -25 degrees Celsius). Black means no data. || ",
            "hits": 56
        },
        {
            "id": 30374,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30374/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Nighttime Land Surface Temperature",
            "description": "Scientists monitor land-surface temperature because the warmth rising off Earth's landscapes influences our world's weather and climate patterns. Likewise, land surface temperature is also influenced by changes in weather and climate patterns. These maps show monthly nighttime land-surface temperatures from February 2000 to the present using thermal infrared measurements made by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA's Terra satellite. The measurements shown here represent the temperature of the \"skin\" (or top 1 millimeter) of the land surface during the nighttime—including bare land, snow or ice cover, and cropland or forest canopy—and should not be confused with surface air temperature measurements that are given in a typical weather reports. Yellow shows the warmest temperatures (up to 45 degrees Celsius) and light blue shows the coldest temperatures (down to -25 degrees Celsius). Black means no data. || ",
            "hits": 50
        },
        {
            "id": 30375,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30375/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "16-Day Vegetation Index",
            "description": "One of the primary interests of NASA's Earth Sciences Program is to study the role of terrestrial vegetation in large-scale processes with the goal of understanding how our world functions as a system. These maps show 16-day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values—a measure of the \"greenness\" of Earth's landscapes—from February 18, 2000 to the present. The values, derived using data collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard NASA's Terra satellite, range from -0.1 to 0.9 and have no unit. Rather, they are index values in which higher values (0.4 to 0.9) show lands covered by green, leafy vegetation and lower values (0 to 0.4) show lands where there is little or no vegetation. Dark green areas show where there was a lot of green leaf growth; light greens show where there was some green leaf growth; and tan areas show little or no growth. Black means no data. || ",
            "hits": 92
        },
        {
            "id": 30376,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30376/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Vegetation Index",
            "description": "One of the primary interests of NASA's Earth Sciences Program is to study the role of terrestrial vegetation in large-scale processes with the goal of understanding how our world functions as a system. These maps show monthly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values—a measure of the \"greenness\" of Earth's landscapes—from February 2000 to the present. The values, derived using data collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard NASA's Terra satellite, range from -0.1 to 0.9 and have no unit. Rather, they are index values in which higher values (0.4 to 0.9) show lands covered by green, leafy vegetation and lower values (0 to 0.4) show lands where there is little or no vegetation. Dark green areas show where there was a lot of green leaf growth; light greens show where there was some green leaf growth; and tan areas show little or no growth. Black means no data. || ",
            "hits": 57
        },
        {
            "id": 30378,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30378/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Active Fires",
            "description": "Using fire data collected globally every day by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA's Terra satellite, scientists produce maps like these to show the number and extent of fire around the world each month. The red, orange, and yellow pixels on these monthly maps from March 2000 to the present show the locations where the MODIS instrument detected actively burning fires. The colors represent a count of the number of fires each month observed within a 1000-square-kilometer (~385-square-mile) area. White pixels show the high end of the count—as many as 100 fires in a 1000-square-kilometer area per day. Yellow pixels show as many as 10 fires, orange shows as many as 5 fires, and red areas as few as 1 fire in a 1000-square-kilometer area per day. Active fire maps such as these are helping scientists to better understand Earth's environment and climate system. || ",
            "hits": 16
        },
        {
            "id": 30379,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30379/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Leaf Area Index",
            "description": "Have you ever wondered how many leaves there are in a forest? Today, scientists use NASA satellites to map leaf area index—images processed to show how much of an area is covered by leaves. For example, a leaf area index of 1 means the area is entirely covered by one layer of leaves. These maps show monthly leaf area index from February 2000 to the present, produced using data collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard NASA's Terra satellite. The colors in this palette range from tan, showing little or no leaf cover, to light green, indicating the area is entirely covered by one layer of leaves, to dark green showing thick forest canopies, where seven or more layers of leaves cover an area. Black means no data. Knowing the total area covered by leaves helps scientists monitor how much water, carbon, and energy the trees and plants are exchanging with the air above and the ground below. || ",
            "hits": 77
        },
        {
            "id": 30380,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30380/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Net Primary Productivity",
            "description": "Plants play an important role in the movements of carbon dioxide throughout Earth's environment. Living plants both take in carbon dioxide from the air and put out carbon dioxide to the air. Called net primary productivity, these maps show where and how much carbon dioxide is taken in by vegetation during photosynthesis minus how much carbon dioxide is released when plants respire on a monthly basis, from February 2000 to the present. Created using data from the Moderate Resolutions Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Terra satellite, the colors on these maps indicate how fast carbon was taken in for every square meter of land. Values range from -1.0 grams of carbon per square meter per day (tan) to 6.5 grams per square meter per day (dark green). A negative value means decomposition or respiration overpowered carbon absorption; more carbon was released to the atmosphere than the plants took in. Maps such as these allow scientists to routinely monitor plants' role in the global carbon cycle. || ",
            "hits": 467
        },
        {
            "id": 30381,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30381/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Aerosol Optical Thickness (Terra/MODIS)",
            "description": "Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are called aerosols. These particles are important to scientists because they represent an area of great uncertainty in their efforts to understand Earth's climate system. These maps show monthly aerosol optical thickness, derived using measurements from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor onboard NASA’s Terra satellite, from January 2005 to the present. Aerosol optical thickness is a measure of how much light the airborne particles prevent from traveling through the atmosphere. Aerosols absorb and scatter incoming sunlight, thus reducing visibility and increasing optical thickness. Dark orange pixels show high aerosol concentrations, while light orange pixels show lower concentrations, and light yellow areas show little or no aerosols. Black shows where the sensor could not make its measurement. An optical thickness of less than 0.1 (light yellow) indicates a crystal clear sky with maximum visibility, whereas a value of 1 (dark orange) indicates the presence of aerosols so dense that people would have difficulty seeing the sun. || ",
            "hits": 73
        },
        {
            "id": 30382,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30382/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Aerosol Particle Radius (Terra/MODIS)",
            "description": "Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are called aerosols. These particles are important to scientists because they can affect climate, weather, and people's health. Using satellites scientists can tell whether a given plume of aerosols came from a natural source or were produced by human activities. Two important clues about aerosols' sources are particle size and location of the plume. Natural aerosols (such as dust and sea salts) tend to be larger than man-made aerosols (such as smoke and industrial pollution). These maps show monthly aerosol particle radius from January 2005 to the present, derived using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor onboard NASA’s Terra satellite. Red areas show aerosol plumes made up of smaller particles. These red-colored plumes are over regions where we know humans produce pollution. Green areas show aerosol plumes made up of larger particles. These green-colored plumes are over regions where we know aerosols occur naturally. Yellow areas show plumes in which large and small aerosol particles are intermingling. Black shows where the satellite could not measure aerosols. Maps such as these allow scientists to estimate the location and size of aerosol particles present in the atmosphere. || ",
            "hits": 67
        },
        {
            "id": 30383,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30383/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Cirrus Reflectance (Terra/MODIS)",
            "description": "Cirrus clouds are thin, wispy clouds high in the sky that can be hard to see with the unaided eye. They typically form at an altitude of 6000 meters (20,000 feet) or higher, where the air temperature is below freezing. Cirrus clouds are composed mostly of tiny ice crystals. They are scientifically interesting because they allow most incoming sunlight to pass through them, but they help to contain heat emitted from the surface. Thus, cirrus clouds exert a warming influence on Earth's surface. These maps show monthly average cirrus cloud fraction over the Earth from January 2005 to the present, produced using data collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA's Terra satellite. The MODIS sensor has a unique band for measuring infrared light at a wavelength of 1.38 micrometers—a wavelength that NASA scientists recently found is highly sensitive to cirrus. Bright white pixels indicate regions completely covered by cirrus clouds. Greyish-white pixels show partial cirrus cover and dark pixels indicate little or no cirrus. || ",
            "hits": 164
        },
        {
            "id": 30384,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30384/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Cloud Fraction (Terra/MODIS)",
            "description": "Cloud fraction is the measurement scientists use to determine how much of the Earth is covered by clouds. The measurement is important because clouds play a large role in regulating the amount of energy that reaches the Earth from the sun as well as the amount of energy that the Earth reflects and emits back into space. These maps show monthly cloud fraction from January 2005 to the present, produced using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Terra satellite. Like a digital camera, MODIS collects information in gridded boxes or pixels. Each box covers one square kilometer. Cloud fraction is the portion of each pixel that is covered by clouds. Scientists make this measurement by counting the number of pixels in a 25-square-kilometer box (5 pixels tall by 5 pixels wide) that are cloudy and dividing that number by 25. Scientists use these measurements to better understand how much of the Earth is covered by clouds and how changes in Earth’s climate may alter the amount and types of clouds that form. || ",
            "hits": 73
        },
        {
            "id": 30385,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30385/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Cloud Optical Thickness (Terra/MODIS)",
            "description": "To better understand the role of clouds in the Earth's climate system, scientists need two important measurements: cloud optical thickness and cloud particle size. A cloud's optical thickness is a measure of attenuation of the light passing through the atmosphere due to the scattering and absorption by cloud droplets. Clouds do not absorb visible wavelengths of sunlight; rather, clouds scatter and reflect most visible light. The higher a cloud's optical thickness, the more sunlight the cloud is scattering and reflecting. These maps show monthly cloud optical thickness from January 2005 to the present, produced using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Terra satellite. Dark blue shades indicate areas where there are low cloud-optical-thickness values, while white shades indicate high values (i.e., greater attenuation caused by the scattering and absorption from cloud droplets). || ",
            "hits": 279
        },
        {
            "id": 30386,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30386/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Cloud Particle Radius (Terra/MODIS)",
            "description": "To better understand the role of clouds in the Earth's climate system, scientists need two important measurements: cloud optical thickness and cloud particle size. The size of cloud particles is important. In general, smaller particles produce brighter, more reflective clouds, which bounce more sunlight back into space and cool the planet. By carefully quantifying how much shortwave infrared sunlight clouds absorb, scientists can determine the size of the individual particles within clouds. Clouds with larger particles absorb more shortwave infrared light and, conversely, clouds with smaller particles absorb less shortwave infrared light. These maps show monthly cloud particle radius from January 2005 to the present, produced using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Terra satellite. White shades show where there are smaller cloud particles (between 4 and 11 micrometers in radius), while purple shades show where there are larger cloud particles (between 33 and 40 micrometers). || ",
            "hits": 31
        },
        {
            "id": 30387,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30387/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Cloud Water Content (Terra/MODIS)",
            "description": "Have you ever wondered how much water is in clouds? These maps show monthly cloud water content from January 2005 to the present, produced using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Terra satellite. Cloud water content is a measure of how many grams of water per square meter you would get if you drained all the water out of the clouds into a flat layer on the ground. Light pink to white shades show areas of clouds with as much as 1000 grams of water per square meter; pink shades show areas with about 500 grams of water per square meter, and dark purple shows areas with little or no cloud water content. In short, the more water in a cloud, the more it reflects sunlight back to space and the more it cools Earth's surface. Cloud water content as well as cloud particle size are also important for global studies of precipitation. || ",
            "hits": 28
        },
        {
            "id": 30388,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30388/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Water Vapor (Terra/MODIS)",
            "description": "Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere as it traps heat near the surface of the Earth making our planet warm enough to support life. Scientists monitor water vapor in the atmosphere because it influences Earth's weather patterns, and because it is a very important component of Earth's climate system. These maps show a monthly water vapor product from January 2005 to the present, derived using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Terra satellite. The water vapor product reveals the total amount of water vapor in a 1-kilometer by 1-kilometer column of the atmosphere. Dark blue shades indicate areas with high water vapor content, while light yellow shades indicate areas with little or no water vapor content. || ",
            "hits": 78
        },
        {
            "id": 30389,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30389/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Daytime Land Temperature Anomaly",
            "description": "Land-surface temperature is how hot the surface of the Earth would feel to touch. From a satellite’s perspective, the “surface” is whatever it sees when it looks through the atmosphere to the ground. It could be snow and ice, the grass, a rooftop, or the treetops in a forest. An anomaly is when something is different from normal, or average. These maps show monthly daytime land-surface-temperature anomalies from March 2000 to the present, compared to the average monthly temperatures from 2001-2010 as derived using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Terra satellite. Places that are warmer than average are red, places that are near-normal are white, and places that are cooler than average are blue. Black means there is no data. Some land-surface-temperature anomalies are simply transient weather phenomena, not part of a specific pattern or trend. Others anomalies are more meaningful. Widespread cold anomalies may be an indication of a harsh winter with lots of snow on the ground. Isolated warm (daytime) anomalies that appear in forests or other natural ecosystems may indicate deforestation or insect damage. Many urban areas also show up as hot spots in these maps because developed areas are often warmer in the daytime than surrounding natural ecosystem or farmland. || ",
            "hits": 58
        },
        {
            "id": 30390,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30390/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Nighttime Land Temperature Anomaly",
            "description": "Land-surface temperature is how hot the surface of the Earth would feel to touch. From a satellite’s perspective, the “surface” is whatever it sees when it looks through the atmosphere to the ground. It could be snow and ice, the grass, a rooftop, or the treetops in a forest. An anomaly is when something is different from normal, or average. These maps show monthly nighttime land-surface-temperature anomalies from March 2000 to the present, compared to the average monthly temperatures from 2001-2010 as derived using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Terra satellite. Places that are warmer than average are red, places that are near-normal are white, and places that are cooler than average are blue. Black means there is no data. Some land-surface-temperature anomalies are simply transient weather phenomena, not part of a specific pattern or trend. Others anomalies are more meaningful. Widespread cold anomalies may be an indication of a harsh winter with lots of snow on the ground. Many urban areas show up as hot spots in these maps because developed areas are often warmer at night than surrounding natural ecosystem or farmland. || ",
            "hits": 60
        },
        {
            "id": 30391,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30391/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Carbon Monoxide (Terra/MOPITT)",
            "description": "Colorless, odorless, and poisonous, carbon monoxide is a major air pollutant regulated in the United States and in many other nations around the world. When carbon-based fuels, such as coal, wood, and oil burn, they produce carbon monoxide. These maps show monthly averages of carbon monoxide at an altitude of about 12,000 feet from March 2000 to the present, as derived using data from the Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) sensor on NASA's Terra satellite. Concentrations of carbon monoxide are expressed in parts per billion by volume (ppbv). A concentration of 1 ppbv means that for every billion molecules of gas in the measured volume, one of them is a carbon monoxide molecule. In these maps, yellow areas have little or no carbon monoxide, while progressively higher concentrations are shown in orange, red, and dark red. In different parts of the world and in different seasons, the amounts and sources of atmospheric carbon monoxide change. In Africa, for example, the seasonal shifts in carbon monoxide are tied to the widespread agricultural burning that shifts north and south of the equator with the seasons. In the United States, Europe, and eastern Asia, on the other hand, the highest carbon monoxide concentrations occur around urban areas as a result of vehicle and industrial emissions. || ",
            "hits": 24
        },
        {
            "id": 30392,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30392/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Chlorophyll Concentrations",
            "description": "At the base of the ocean food web are single-celled algae and other plant-like organisms known as phytoplankton. Like plants on land, phytoplankton use chlorophyll and other light-harvesting pigments to carry out photosynthesis, absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide to produce sugars for fuel. Chlorophyll in the water changes the way it reflects and absorbs sunlight, allowing scientists to map the amount and location of phytoplankton. These measurements give scientists valuable insights into the health of the ocean environment, and help scientists study the ocean carbon cycle. These monthly chlorophyll maps show milligrams of chlorophyll per cubic meter of seawater from July 2002 to the present, derived using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Aqua satellite. Places where chlorophyll amounts were very low, indicating very low numbers of phytoplankton are blue. Places where chlorophyll concentrations were high, meaning many phytoplankton were growing, are yellow. Land is dark gray, and places where MODIS could not collect data because of sea ice, polar darkness, or clouds are light gray. The highest chlorophyll concentrations, where tiny surface-dwelling ocean plants are thriving, are in cold polar waters or in places where ocean currents bring cold water to the surface. || ",
            "hits": 74
        },
        {
            "id": 30393,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30393/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Sea Surface Temperature (Aqua/MODIS)",
            "description": "Sea-surface temperatures have a large influence on climate and weather. For example, ocean temperatures influence the development of tropical cyclones (hurricanes and typhoons), which draw energy from warm ocean waters to form and intensify. These maps show monthly sea-surface temperatures from July 2002 to the present, based on observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard NASA’s Aqua satellite. The satellite measures the temperature of the top millimeter of the ocean surface. The coolest waters appear as purple shades (approximately -2 degrees Celsius), while the warmest temperatures appear as yellow shades (45 degrees Celsius). Landmasses and the large area of sea ice around Antarctica appear in shades of gray, indicating no data were collected. The most obvious pattern shown in the time series is the year-round difference in sea surface temperatures between equatorial regions and the poles. Various warm and cool currents stand out even in monthly averages of sea surface temperature. A band of warm waters snakes up the East Coast of the United States and veers across the North Atlantic—known as the Gulf Stream. || ",
            "hits": 61
        },
        {
            "id": 30394,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30394/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Aerosol Optical Thickness (Aqua/MODIS)",
            "description": "Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are called aerosols. These particles are important to scientists because they represent an area of great uncertainty in their efforts to understand Earth's climate system.These maps show monthly aerosol optical thickness, derived using measurements from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor onboard NASA’s Aqua satellite, from July 2002 to the present. Aerosol optical thickness is a measure of how much light the airborne particles prevent from traveling through the atmosphere. Aerosols absorb and scatter incoming sunlight, thus reducing visibility and increasing optical thickness. Dark orange pixels show high aerosol concentrations, while light orange pixels show lower concentrations, and light yellow areas show little or no aerosols. Black shows where the sensor could not make its measurement. An optical thickness of less than 0.1 (light yellow) indicates a crystal clear sky with maximum visibility, whereas a value of 1 (dark orange) indicates the presence of aerosols so dense that people would have difficulty seeing the sun. || ",
            "hits": 70
        },
        {
            "id": 30395,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30395/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Aerosol Particle Radius (Aqua/MODIS)",
            "description": "Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are called aerosols. These particles are important to scientists because they can affect climate, weather, and people's health. Using satellites scientists can tell whether a given plume of aerosols came from a natural source or were produced by human activities. Two important clues about aerosols' sources are particle size and location of the plume. Natural aerosols (such as dust and sea salts) tend to be larger than man-made aerosols (such as smoke and industrial pollution). These maps show monthly aerosol particle radius from July 2002 to the present, derived using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor onboard NASA’s Aqua satellite. Red areas show aerosol plumes made up of smaller particles. These red-colored plumes are over regions where we know humans produce pollution. Green areas show aerosol plumes made up of larger particles. These green-colored plumes are over regions where we know aerosols occur naturally. Yellow areas show plumes in which large and small aerosol particles are intermingling. Black shows where the satellite could not measure aerosols. Maps such as these allow scientists to estimate the location and size of aerosol particles present in the atmosphere. || ",
            "hits": 93
        },
        {
            "id": 30396,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30396/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Cirrus Reflectance (Aqua/MODIS)",
            "description": "Cirrus clouds are thin, wispy clouds high in the sky that can be hard to see with the unaided eye. They typically form at an altitude of 6000 meters (20,000 feet) or higher, where the air temperature is below freezing. Cirrus clouds are composed mostly of tiny ice crystals. They are scientifically interesting because they allow most incoming sunlight to pass through them, but they help to contain heat emitted from the surface. Thus, cirrus clouds exert a warming influence on Earth's surface. These maps show monthly average cirrus cloud fraction over the Earth from July 2002 to the present, produced using data collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA's Aqua satellite. The MODIS sensor has a unique band for measuring infrared light at a wavelength of 1.38 micrometers—a wavelength that NASA scientists recently found is highly sensitive to cirrus. Bright white pixels indicate regions completely covered by cirrus clouds. Greyish-white pixels show partial cirrus cover and dark pixels indicate little or no cirrus. || ",
            "hits": 119
        },
        {
            "id": 30397,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30397/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Cloud Fraction (Aqua/MODIS)",
            "description": "Cloud fraction is the measurement scientists use to determine how much of the Earth is covered by clouds. The measurement is important because clouds play a large role in regulating the amount of energy that reaches the Earth from the sun as well as the amount of energy that the Earth reflects and emits back into space. These maps show monthly cloud fraction from July 2002 to the present, produced using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Terra satellite. Like a digital camera, MODIS collects information in gridded boxes or pixels. Each box covers one square kilometer. Cloud fraction is the portion of each pixel that is covered by clouds. Scientists make this measurement by counting the number of pixels in a 25-square-kilometer box (5 pixels tall by 5 pixels wide) that are cloudy and dividing that number by 25. Scientists use these measurements to better understand how much of the Earth is covered by clouds and how changes in Earth’s climate may alter the amount and types of clouds that form. || ",
            "hits": 32
        },
        {
            "id": 30398,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30398/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Cloud Optical Thickness (Aqua/MODIS)",
            "description": "To better understand the role of clouds in the Earth's climate system, scientists need two important measurements: cloud optical thickness and cloud particle size. A cloud's optical thickness is a measure of attenuation of the light passing through the atmosphere due to the scattering and absorption by cloud droplets. Clouds do not absorb visible wavelengths of sunlight; rather, clouds scatter and reflect most visible light. The higher a cloud's optical thickness, the more sunlight the cloud is scattering and reflecting. These maps show monthly cloud optical thickness from July 2002 to the present, produced using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Aqua satellite. Dark blue shades indicate areas where there are low cloud-optical-thickness values, while white shades indicate high values (i.e., greater attenuation caused by the scattering and absorption from cloud droplets). || ",
            "hits": 118
        },
        {
            "id": 30399,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30399/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Cloud Particle Radius (Aqua/MODIS)",
            "description": "To better understand the role of clouds in the Earth's climate system, scientists need two important measurements: cloud optical thickness and cloud particle size. The size of cloud particles is important. In general, smaller particles produce brighter, more reflective clouds, which bounce more sunlight back into space and cool the planet. By carefully quantifying how much shortwave infrared sunlight clouds absorb, scientists can determine the size of the individual particles within clouds. Clouds with larger particles absorb more shortwave infrared light and, conversely, clouds with smaller particles absorb less shortwave infrared light. These maps show monthly cloud particle radius from July 2002 to the present, produced using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Aqua satellite. White shades show where there are smaller cloud particles (between 4 and 11 micrometers in radius), while purple shades show where there are larger cloud particles (between 33 and 40 micrometers). || ",
            "hits": 34
        },
        {
            "id": 30400,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30400/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Cloud Water Content (Aqua/MODIS)",
            "description": "Have you ever wondered how much water is in clouds? These maps show monthly cloud water content from July 2002 to the present, produced using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Aqua satellite. Cloud water content is a measure of how many grams of water per square meter you would get if you drained all the water out of the clouds into a flat layer on the ground. Light pink to white shades show areas of clouds with as much as 1000 grams of water per square meter; pink shades show areas with about 500 grams of water per square meter, and dark purple shows areas with little or no cloud water content. In short, the more water in a cloud, the more it reflects sunlight back to space and the more it cools Earth's surface. Cloud water content as well as cloud particle size are also important for global studies of precipitation. || ",
            "hits": 198
        },
        {
            "id": 30401,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30401/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Water Vapor (Aqua/MODIS)",
            "description": "Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere as it traps heat near the surface of the Earth making our planet warm enough to support life. Scientists monitor water vapor in the atmosphere because it influences Earth's weather patterns, and because it is a very important component of Earth's climate system. These maps show a monthly water vapor product from July 2002 to the present, derived using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Aqua satellite. The water vapor product reveals the total amount of water vapor in a 1-kilometer by 1-kilometer column of the atmosphere. Dark blue shades indicate areas with high water vapor content, while light yellow shades indicate areas with little or no water vapor content. || ",
            "hits": 80
        },
        {
            "id": 30402,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30402/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Total Rainfall",
            "description": "Globally, rain is the main source of fresh water for plants and animals. Rainfall is essential for life across Earth’s landscapes. In addition to moving tremendous amounts of water through Earth’s atmosphere, rain clouds also move tremendous amounts of energy. When water evaporates from the surface and rises as vapor into the atmosphere, it carries heat from the sun-warmed surface with it. Later, when the water vapor condenses to form cloud droplets and rain, the heat is released into the atmosphere. This heating is a major part of Earth's energy budget and climate. These maps show monthly total rainfall amounts in millimeters from January 1998 to the present, derived using data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite, which is a joint mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. High rain totals are represented as blue shades, while little to no rainfall totals are shown in white. TRMM measures rainfall in the tropics. High-latitude regions, where TRMM does not record rainfall, are gray. The most obvious pattern in these total rainfall maps is seasonal change. A band of heavy rain moves north and south of the Equator seasonally. || ",
            "hits": 51
        },
        {
            "id": 30368,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30368/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-23T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monthly Outgoing Longwave Radiation",
            "description": "Light energy travels in waves, but not all the waves are the same. The kind of light our eyes can see is only a tiny part of the energy that exists in the universe. Other kinds of energy are invisible, like the energy that makes our hands feel warm when we hold them over a fire, or the energy that cooks our food in the microwave. When Earth absorbs sunlight, it heats up. The heat, or \"outgoing longwave radiation,\" radiates back into space. Satellites measure this radiation as it leaves the top of Earth's atmosphere. The hotter a place is, the more energy it radiates. These maps show monthly outgoing longwave radiation from July 2006 to the present, from the Fast Longwave And Shortwave Radiative Fluxes, or FLASHFlux, Time Interpolation and Spatial Averaging (TISA) data product. The product contains daily observations collected by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) sensors on NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites. The colors show the amount of outgoing longwave radiation leaving Earth's atmosphere (in Watts per square meter). Bright yellow and orange indicate greater heat emission, purple and blue indicate intermediate emissions, and white shows little or no heat emission. || ",
            "hits": 209
        }
    ]
}