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        {
            "id": 5616,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5616/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2026-03-09T13:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Global Views of ICESat-2 Data",
            "description": "ICESat-2 data products on a rotating Earth. Together they illustrate the satellite’s measurements of Earth’s land, ice, oceans, forests, and atmosphere.",
            "hits": 341
        },
        {
            "id": 14945,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14945/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2026-01-09T09:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "NASA’s Pandora Satellite to Explore Exoplanets and Stars",
            "description": "Artist’s concept of NASA’s Pandora mission, which will help scientists untangle the signals from exoplanets’ atmospheres — worlds beyond our solar system — and their stars.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterAlt text: The Pandora spacecraft with an exoplanet and two stars in the backgroundImage description: A metallic spacecraft takes up most of this image. Its body is made of a cylindrical telescope attached to a square base. Inside the telescope is the reflection of an orange star. A line of three solar panels extends from the right side of the spacecraft at a 45-degree angle. On the right side of the background is a large planet streaked with purple, pink, and white. To the left of the planet are two stars. One is small, yellow, and very close to the planet. The other is white and is almost totally eclipsed by the spacecraft. || Pandora_Graphic_No_Text.jpg (6000x3000) [3.5 MB] || Pandora_Graphic_No_Text.png (6000x3000) [22.7 MB] || ",
            "hits": 486
        },
        {
            "id": 5592,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5592/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2025-12-29T13:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "ICESat-2 Winter Sea Ice Thickness (2020-2025)",
            "description": "A view of the Arctic Ocean with ICESat-2 monthly average winter sea ice thickness data from 2020 to 2025",
            "hits": 197
        },
        {
            "id": 5572,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5572/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2025-08-08T14:00:02-04:00",
            "title": "GEOS Aerosols",
            "description": "Aerosols are tiny solid or liquid particles that float in the atmosphere and can travel long distances, affecting air quality and visibility far from their sources. This visualization covers the period from August 1 to September 14, 2024, and is based on NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model, which delivers realistic, high-resolution weather and aerosol data that enable customized environmental prediction and advances in AI research.",
            "hits": 969
        },
        {
            "id": 5425,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5425/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2025-02-27T09:45:00-05:00",
            "title": "Perpetual Ocean 2: Western Boundary Currents",
            "description": "This is the 'beauty shot version' of Perpetual Ocean 2: Western Boundary Currents.  The visualization starts with a rotating globe showing ocean currents.  The camera then zooms into the Kuroshio current, moves over the Indian Ocean to the Agulhas Current, then over to the Gulf Stream. The flows from the surface down to 600 meters deep are all white.   Flows below 600 meters depth use the blue-cyan-white color table below.",
            "hits": 1454
        },
        {
            "id": 14754,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14754/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2025-01-16T10:14:00-05:00",
            "title": "NASA’s Pandora Mission Closer To Probing Alien Atmospheres",
            "description": "Basic overview of NASA's Pandora mission, which will revolutionize the study of exoplanet atmospheres.",
            "hits": 166
        },
        {
            "id": 5217,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5217/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2024-12-09T10:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Northern California Fires in September 2020",
            "description": "This visualization shows the lightning over California on August 16 and 17, 2020 that caused 38 separate fires to ignite. These eventually combined into the August  Complex fire, the first recorded gigafire in California history, which burned until November 12 consuming 1,614 square miles (4,180 square kilometers). As the lightning fades, a series of images shows the smoke emanating from the fires on September 8 of that year. The visible smoke is followed by a series showing the Aerosol Optical Depth (a unitless quantitative metric of how much smoke is present in the atmosphere) as the smoke particles were transported across the Western US and Canada over a 10 day period. || geoxo_fires_v049_2024-02-21_0939.04321_print.jpg (1024x576) [185.9 KB] || geoxo_fires_v049_2024-02-21_0939.04321_searchweb.png (320x180) [78.6 KB] || geoxo_fires_v049_2024-02-21_0939.04321_thm.png (80x40) [5.6 KB] || geoxo_fires_v049_2024-02-21_0939_p30_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [101.5 MB] || geoxo_fires_v049_2024-02-21_0939_1080p60.mp4 (1920x1080) [110.3 MB] || composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || geoxo_fires_v049_2024-02-21_0939_2160p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [333.3 MB] || geoxo_fires_v049_2024-02-21_0939_p30_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [322.9 MB] || geoxo_fires_v049_2024-02-21_0939_p30_2160p30.mp4.hwshow || ",
            "hits": 111
        },
        {
            "id": 5394,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5394/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2024-11-27T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "How much does the Gulf of Mexico Contribute to the Gulf Stream?",
            "description": "Animation 1: Lagrangian particles colored by temperature viewed from above with fixed camera. || GM_experiment22_2024-11-01_1336_final_flatT.01638_print.jpg (1024x576) [232.7 KB] || GM_experiment22_2024-11-01_1336_final_flatT.01638_searchweb.png (320x180) [103.9 KB] || GM_experiment22_2024-11-01_1336_final_flatT.01638_thm.png (80x40) [6.5 KB] || GM_experiment_flatT_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [58.9 MB] || flatT [0 Item(s)] || GM_experiment22_final_flatT.mp4 (3840x2160) [196.8 MB] || GM_experiment22_final_flatT.mp4.hwshow [193 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 215
        },
        {
            "id": 31297,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31297/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2024-07-17T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Korean Peninsula imagery",
            "description": "Landsat imagery of the Korean peninsula updated from stories originally published on Earth Observatory. || ",
            "hits": 63
        },
        {
            "id": 5505,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5505/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2024-03-25T12:18:00-04:00",
            "title": "Perpetual Ocean 2: Equirectangular",
            "description": "This page contains equirectangular versions of Perpetual Ocean 2's 'beauty version'.",
            "hits": 235
        },
        {
            "id": 14379,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14379/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2023-06-29T13:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Landsat Next Defined",
            "description": "Landsat Next is on the horizon—the new mission will not only ensure continuity of the longest space-based record of Earth’s land surface, it will fundamentally transform the breadth and depth of actionable information freely available to end users. || LNext_Thumb.png (1280x720) [553.8 KB] || LNext_JPG.png (1280x720) [553.8 KB] || NASA_LNext_Final.02354_print.jpg (1024x576) [75.2 KB] || NASA_LNext_Final.02354_searchweb.png (320x180) [49.6 KB] || NASA_LNext_Final.mp4 (1920x1080) [1.5 GB] || NASA_LNext_Final.webm (1920x1080) [86.7 MB] || LandsatNext.en_US.srt [20.8 KB] || LandsatNext.en_US.vtt [19.8 KB] || ",
            "hits": 91
        },
        {
            "id": 14351,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14351/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2023-05-17T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "The Science of Snow: Digging for Data",
            "description": "Complete transcript available. || thumbnail2.jpg (1920x1080) [643.5 KB] || thumbnail2_searchweb.png (320x180) [89.4 KB] || thumbnail2_web.png (320x180) [89.4 KB] || thumbnail2_thm.png (80x40) [7.8 KB] || SnowEx_2023_Final_Export.webm (1920x1080) [2.6 MB] || SnowEx_Transcript.mp4 [22.6 MB] || SnowEx_2023_Final_Export.mp4 (1920x1080) [1.4 GB] || ",
            "hits": 46
        },
        {
            "id": 5099,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5099/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2023-05-01T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Daily Polar Sea Ice, Two Year History",
            "description": "Polar daily sea ice, two years' history, with dates || polar_sea_ice_sxs_w_date.2023172_print.jpg (1024x512) [109.3 KB] || polar_sea_ice_sxs_w_date.2023172_searchweb.png (320x180) [76.3 KB] || polar_sea_ice_sxs_w_date.2023172_thm.png (80x40) [6.7 KB] || polar_sea_ice_sxs_w_date_2048p30_h265.mp4 (4096x2048) [39.5 MB] || polar_sea_ice_sxs_w_date_2048p30_h265.webm (4096x2048) [6.2 MB] || w_dates (4320x2160) [0 Item(s)] ||",
            "hits": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 5100,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5100/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2023-04-25T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "ICESat-2 Sea Ice Thickness 2023",
            "description": "A view of the Arctic Ocean with ICESat-2 monthly average sea ice thickness data from November 2018 to April 2022. Low values are depicted in light blue, and higher values (5 meters) are depicted in magenta.",
            "hits": 91
        },
        {
            "id": 5064,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5064/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2023-01-17T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Daily Antarctic Sea Ice, By Year",
            "description": "Summary",
            "hits": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 5046,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5046/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2022-11-28T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Daily Arctic Sea Ice, By Year",
            "description": "Summary",
            "hits": 0
        },
        {
            "id": 40447,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/visualizationsfor-educators/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2022-08-17T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Visualizations for Educators",
            "description": "Phenomena are observable events that occur in nature. Data visualizations can offer new ways for students to experience and explore Earth and space phenomena that happen over large scales of time and at great distances. This gallery includes visualizations of phenomena that support topics that are taught in middle and high school and are aligned with select Next Generation Science Standards.\n\n\nThis gallery was curated by Anne Arundle County Science Teachers Margaret Graham and Jeremy Milligan with support from Dr. Rachel Connolly during the summer of 2022. A video showing how Jeremy Milligan uses SVS resources to develop a phenomena-based lesson is also available.",
            "hits": 331
        },
        {
            "id": 4988,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4988/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2022-04-08T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "ICESat-2 Sea Ice Thickness 2022",
            "description": "A view of the Arctic Ocean with ICESat-2 monthly average sea ice thickness data from November 2018 to April 2021. Low values are depicted in light blue, and higher values (5 meters) are depicted in magenta. || sea_ice_thickness_2022.1000_print.jpg (1024x576) [159.6 KB] || sea_ice_thickness_2022.1000_searchweb.png (320x180) [74.6 KB] || sea_ice_thickness_2022.1000_thm.png (80x40) [6.1 KB] || sea_ice_thickness_2022_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [27.3 MB] || sea_ice_thickness_2022_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [3.9 MB] || sea_ice_2022 (5760x3240) [0 Item(s)] || sea_ice_thickness_2022_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [66.4 MB] || ",
            "hits": 82
        },
        {
            "id": 13907,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13907/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2021-08-12T10:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Go Now! Landsat & the Calypso Caper",
            "description": "During the summer of 1975, Jacques Cousteau and his divers helped NASA determine if Landsat could measure the depth of shallow ocean waters. The story of this NASA-led satellite bathymetry experiment unfolds through the photography and expedition documents preserved by David Lychenheim, the expedition’s communications engineer. Research done during that expedition determined that in certain conditions Landsat could measure depths up to 22 meters (72 feet), which gave birth to the field of satellite-derived bathymetry. This new technology enabled charts in clear water areas around the world to be revised, helping boats and deep-drafted supertankers avoid running aground on hazardous shoals or seamounts.Music: “Science of Life,” “Moving In Thought,” and “The Right Move” by Andrew Michael Britton [PRS] & David Stephen Goldsmith [PRS], “Midsummer” by Uwe Buschkotter [GEMA], “The Grand Opening” by Laurent Dury [SACEM], “Drifting Satellite” by Théo Boulenger [SACEM], “Man and Machine” by Larry Groupe [BMI], “A Little Optimism 1” by Joel Goodman [ASCAP], “Easy Does It” by Alchemist [SIAE], “Variations” by Stephan Sechi [ASCAP], “Bright and Playful” by Oscar Lo Brutto [PRS]; via Universal Production MusicComplete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || 13907_Landsat_Cousteau_poster.png (1920x1080) [3.1 MB] || 13907_Landsat_Cousteau_poster_print.jpg (1024x576) [287.2 KB] || 13907_Landsat_Cousteau_poster_searchweb.png (320x180) [114.6 KB] || 13907_Landsat_Cousteau_poster_thm.png (80x40) [8.1 KB] || 13907_Landsat_Cousteau-pr.mov (1920x1080) [7.2 GB] || 13907_Landsat_Cousteau-yt.mp4 (1920x1080) [938.3 MB] || 13907_Landsat_Cousteau-tw.mp4 (1280x720) [301.1 MB] || 13907_Landsat_Cousteau-tw.webm (1280x720) [59.6 MB] || 13907_Landsat_Cousteau-captions.en_US.srt [11.3 KB] || 13907_Landsat_Cousteau-captions.en_US.vtt [10.8 KB] || ",
            "hits": 79
        },
        {
            "id": 12772,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12772/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2021-05-05T10:25:00-04:00",
            "title": "2017 Hurricanes and Aerosols Simulation",
            "description": "Tracking aerosols over land and water from August 1 to November 1, 2017.  Hurricanes and tropical storms are obvious from the large amounts of sea salt particles caught up in their swirling winds. The dust blowing off the Sahara, however, gets caught by water droplets and is rained out of the storm system.  Smoke from the massive fires in the Pacific Northwest region of North America are blown across the Atlantic to the UK and Europe.  This visualization is a result of combining NASA satellite data with sophisticated mathematical models that describe the underlying physical processes.Music: Elapsing Time by Christian Telford [ASCAP], Robert Anthony Navarro [ASCAP]Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || 12772_hurricanes_and_aerosols_1080p_youtube_1080.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [161.7 KB] || 12772_hurricanes_and_aerosols_1080p_youtube_1080.00001_searchweb.png (180x320) [108.8 KB] || 12772_hurricanes_and_aerosols_1080p_youtube_1080.00001_thm.png (80x40) [7.5 KB] || 12772_hurricanes_and_aerosols_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [78.1 MB] || 12772_hurricanes_and_aerosols_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [34.1 MB] || 12772_hurricanes_and_aerosols.webm (960x540) [65.0 MB] || 12772_hurricanes_and_aerosols_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [78.1 MB] || 12772_hurricanes_and_aerosols_1080p_large.mp4 (1920x1080) [163.1 MB] || 12772_hurricanes_and_aerosols_facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [184.9 MB] || 12772_hurricanes_and_aerosols_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [247.2 MB] || 12772_hurricanes_and_aerosols_youtube_720.mp4 (1280x720) [247.9 MB] || 12772_hurricanes_aerosols_captions.en_US.srt [3.1 KB] || 12772_hurricanes_aerosols_captions.en_US.vtt [3.1 KB] || 12772_hurricanes_and_aerosols_UHD.mp4 (3840x2160) [739.9 MB] || 12772_hurricanes_and_aerosols_1080p-prores.mov (1920x1080) [4.3 GB] || 12772_hurricanes_and_aerosols_UHD_4444.mov (3840x2160) [40.1 GB] || ",
            "hits": 244
        },
        {
            "id": 4823,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4823/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2020-09-11T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Draining the Oceans",
            "description": "Data visualization of the draining of the Earth's oceans. The visualization simulates an incremental drop of 10 meters of the water’s level on Earth’s surface. As time progresses and the oceans drain, it becomes evident that underwater mountain ranges are bigger in size and trenches are deeper in comparison to those on dry land. While water drains quickly closer to continents, it drains slowly in our planet’s deepest trenches. || OceanDrain_3840x2160_60fps_0837_print.jpg (1024x576) [259.5 KB] || OceanDrain_3840x2160_60fps_0837_print_searchweb.png (320x180) [97.8 KB] || OceanDrain_3840x2160_60fps_0837_print_thm.png (80x40) [7.8 KB] || OceanDrain_1920x1080_30fps.mp4 (1920x1080) [44.2 MB] || OceanDrain_1920x1080_30fps.webm (1920x1080) [4.3 MB] || OceanDrain (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || OceanDrain (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || OceanDrain_3840x2160_60fps_0837.tif (3840x2160) [31.6 MB] || OceanDrain_3840x2160_30fps.mp4 (3840x2160) [154.1 MB] || OceanDrain_1920x1080_30fps.mp4.hwshow [192 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 816
        },
        {
            "id": 4802,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4802/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2020-04-21T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Earth Day 2020: Gulf Stream ocean current pull out to Earth observing fleet",
            "description": "Ocean currents from the ECCO-2 model: starting underwater, then pulling back to see the Gulf Stream, pulling back farther revealing the Earth observing fleetThis video is also available on our YouTube channel. || gulf_stream_to_fleet_final01.4300_print.jpg (1024x576) [274.9 KB] || gulf_stream_to_fleet_final01.4300_searchweb.png (320x180) [138.0 KB] || gulf_stream_to_fleet_final01.4300_thm.png (80x40) [8.1 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || gulf_stream_to_fleet_final01_1080p60.webm (1920x1080) [13.8 MB] || gulf_stream_to_fleet_final01_1080p60.mp4 (1920x1080) [140.9 MB] || gulf_stream_to_fleet_final01.mp4 (1920x1080) [203.9 MB] || 9600x3240_16x9_30p (9600x3240) [0 Item(s)] || captions_silent.29348.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || gulf_stream_to_fleet_final01.mp4.hwshow [448 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 121
        },
        {
            "id": 4734,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4734/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-09-06T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Measuring Sea Ice Thickness with ICESat-2",
            "description": "This visualization depicts sea ice thickness in the Arctic Ocean as measured by ICESat-2 over the course of several months.  The visualization begins with a global view of the north pole as individual tracks are drawn over time representing each time the satellite passes overhead and collects sea ice data.  A closeup view of one track is revealed, showing how the ICESat-2 laser can measure ice freeboard (height above sea level), which can be used to calculate total ice thickness.  The visualization concludes by showing monthly average of sea ice thickness from November 2018 to March 2019. || sea_ice_thickness_comp_0665_print.jpg (1024x576) [89.1 KB] || sea_ice_thickness_comp_0665_searchweb.png (320x180) [59.6 KB] || sea_ice_thickness_comp_0665_thm.png (80x40) [5.1 KB] || ICESat-2_sea_ice_thickness_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [62.7 MB] || ICESat-2_sea_ice_thickness_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [10.1 MB] || sea_ice_comp (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ICESat-2_sea_ice_thickness_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [173.8 MB] || ICESat-2_sea_ice_thickness_1080p30.mp4.hwshow || ",
            "hits": 80
        },
        {
            "id": 4688,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4688/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2019-03-25T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Jakobshavn's Interrupted Thinning Explained",
            "description": "This visualization shows a variety of data from the oceans and ice to help explain why the Jakobshavn glacier grew thicker and advanced between 2016 and 2017.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || Jakob_comp_final.3462_print.jpg (1024x576) [311.2 KB] || Jakob_comp_final_1080p30.webmhd.webm (1080x606) [30.5 MB] || Jakobshavn_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [15.9 MB] || final_composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Jakobshavn_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [110.0 MB] || Jakobshavn_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [201.3 MB] || Jakobshavn_youtube_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [241.5 MB] || captions_silent.26988.en_US.srt [43 bytes] || captions_silent.26988.en_US.vtt [56 bytes] || Jakobshavn_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [184 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 64
        },
        {
            "id": 13119,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13119/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2018-12-13T13:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Cryosphere | Episode 2: The Snow Below",
            "description": "Music: \"Cristal Delight,\" Fred Dubois [SACEM]; \"Life Defrosts,\" Richard Andrew Canavan [PRS]; \"Locate,\" Neil Pollard [PRS]; \"CSI,\" Anthony Edwin Phillips [PRS]; \"Swish,\" Charles Stephens III [ASCAP], Stephan Sechi [ASCAP]; \"Natural Beauty,\" Benjamin Stefanski [PRS]Watch this video on the NASA.gov Video YouTube channel. || CRYO_EP2_Titlecard_print.jpg (1024x576) [230.7 KB] || CRYO_EP2_Titlecard_searchweb.png (320x180) [144.2 KB] || CRYO_EP2_Titlecard_thm.png (80x40) [8.6 KB] || CRYO_EP2_Snow_Below_prores.mov (1920x1080) [5.3 GB] || CRYOEP2v6.mp4 (1920x1080) [391.0 MB] || CRYO_EP2_Snow_Below_prores.webm (1920x1080) [41.6 MB] || CRYOEP2v6.en_US.srt [7.2 KB] || CRYOEP2v6.en_US.vtt [7.2 KB] || ",
            "hits": 31
        },
        {
            "id": 12876,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12876/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2018-05-16T13:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "For 15 Years, GRACE Tracked Freshwater Movements Around the World",
            "description": "NASA scientists used GRACE data to identify regional trends of freshwater movement, and combined that information with data from other satellites, climate models and precipitation measurements to determine the causes of major regional trends in freshwater storage. || ",
            "hits": 82
        },
        {
            "id": 4582,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4582/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2017-07-27T18:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Aerosol Optical Thickness Updating Forecast",
            "description": "The atmosphere is made up of gases like oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor, but it also contains tiny particles called aerosols. Aerosols come from both natural and human sources and include things like sea salt, dust, soot, and sulfates. Aerosols often contribute to air pollution and poor visibility. Once they are in the atmosphere, they can travel long distances, affecting air quality far from their source. Aerosols also absorb or reflect energy (light), influencing temperatures in the atmosphere and on the ground. Satellites measure aerosols by how much light can pass through them. A thick layer of aerosols will block the ground from view, while a thin layer allows enough light through to see the ground. The measurement is called aerosol optical thickness.The GEOS model is built on satellite data and provides a forecast of aerosol optical thickness (among other things). This animation shows a daily updated 10-day forecast of aerosol optical thickness from GEOS. The date and timestamp are in the lower left corner. In general, brighter colors are thick aerosols, while dull darker colors are thin aerosols. Blue represents sea salt (sea salt extinction aerosol optical thickness, 550 nm). Winds blowing across the ocean kicks up ocean spray, which includes sea salt. In the animation, pale blue to white colors reflect stormy conditions. Individual large storms like tropical cyclones (hurricanes, typhoons) are visible as swirling circles of thick sea salt. Red represents dust (dust extinction aerosol optical thickness, 550 nm). The Saharan Desert of northern Africa is the largest source of dust, but dust can be seen across the globe. Saharan dust often interacts with tropical cyclones.Green represents the sum of aerosol optical thickness for organic carbon, black carbon, and sulfate. Organic and black carbon come from burning biomass or fossil fuels. Sources include fires, power plants, vehicles, and other combustion engines that run on fossil fuel. Sulfate particles come mostly from burning fossil fuels, but also from volcanoes. || gmao_aerosols_print.jpg (1024x576) [201.6 KB] || gmao_aerosols_searchweb.png (320x180) [108.3 KB] || gmao_aerosols.00001_thm.png (80x40) [7.0 KB] || gmao_aerosols.mp4 (1920x962) [16.2 MB] || gmao_aerosols.webm (1920x962) [1.5 MB] || latest-wdates (2239x1123) [0 Item(s)] || latest-nodates (2239x1123) [0 Item(s)] || gmao_aerosols.mp4.hwshow [191 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 75
        },
        {
            "id": 4544,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4544/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2017-05-26T10:30:00-04:00",
            "title": "2015-2016 El Niño: Daily Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly and Ocean Currents",
            "description": "This visualization shows 2015-2016 El Nino through changes in sea surface temperature and ocean currents.  Blue regions represent colder temperatures and red regions represent warmer temperatures when compared with normal conditions.  Yellow arrows illustrate eastward currents and white arrows are westward currents. || GMAO_elNino_oceanTemperatureAnomaly_currents__1300_print.jpg (1024x576) [175.5 KB] || GMAO_elNino_oceanTemperatureAnomaly_currents__1300_searchweb.png (320x180) [97.1 KB] || GMAO_elNino_oceanTemperatureAnomaly_currents__1300_thm.png (80x40) [6.7 KB] || GMAO_elNino_oceanTemperatureAnomaly_currents_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [163.5 KB] || with_colorbar (3840x2160) [256.0 KB] || GMAO_elNino_oceanTemperatureAnomaly_currents_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [159.4 MB] || GMAO_oceanTemperatureAnomaly_withColorbar.mp4 (3840x2160) [166.0 MB] || ",
            "hits": 91
        },
        {
            "id": 12601,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12601/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2017-05-26T10:30:00-04:00",
            "title": "A 3D Look at the 2015 El Niño",
            "description": "Scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center have combined ocean measurements with cutting-edge supercomputer simulations to analyze the 2015-2016 El Niño in three dimensions.  This visualization looks at the top 225 meters of the ocean, showing warmer than normal water in red, colder than normal water in blue.  In the second half, current information is included, with east-flowing currents in yellow and west-flowing currents in white.Music: Bourrée from Handel's Water MusicWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || 12601-El-Nino-3D-print.jpg (3840x2160) [2.7 MB] || 12601-El-Nino-3D-print_searchweb.png (320x180) [93.3 KB] || 12601-El-Nino-3D-print_thm.png (80x40) [7.1 KB] || 12601-El-Nino-3D-UHD.mp4 (3840x2160) [381.6 MB] || 12601-El-Nino-3D-captions.en_US.srt [1.7 KB] || 12601-El-Nino-3D-captions.en_US.vtt [1.7 KB] || 12601-El-Nino-3D-UHD.webm (3840x2160) [24.9 MB] || ",
            "hits": 56
        },
        {
            "id": 12549,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12549/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2017-03-24T13:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "How a NASA Science Flight is No Ordinary Journey",
            "description": "A group of scientists and pilots conducted a series of science flights over Western Colorado for a new five-year NASA-led airborne mission called SnowEx.SnowEx is exploring better ways to measuring how much water is stored in snow-covered regions with the goal of eventually creating a future snow satellite mission. More accurate snow measurements will help scientists and decisions-makers better understand our world’s water supply and better predict floods and droughts. Data acquired from the SnowEx campaign will be stored at the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colorado, and will be available to anyone to order at no cost, as is the case with all NASA data.For more information:NASA's SnowEx Challenges the Sensing Techniques...'Until They Break'NASA: Snow Science in Support of Our Nation's Water Supply || ",
            "hits": 46
        },
        {
            "id": 12496,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12496/",
            "result_type": "B-Roll",
            "release_date": "2017-02-22T17:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "SnowEx Field Campaign: 4K B-roll From The P-3 Orion Aircraft",
            "description": "SnowEx is a NASA led multi-year research campaign to improve measurements of how much snow is on the ground at any given time and how much liquid water is contained in that snow.Five aircraft with a total of ten different sensors will participate in the SnowEx campaign. From a base of operations at Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado Springs, SnowEx will deploy a P-3 Orion aircraft operated by the Scientific Development Squadron ONE (VXS-1), based at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland. A King Air plane will fly out of Grand Junction, Colorado, while high-altitude NASA jets will fly from Johnson Space Center in Houston.The planes will carry passive and active microwave sensors that are good at measuring snow-water equivalent in dry snow, but are less optimal for measuring snow forests or light snow cover. The campaign will also deploy an airborne laser instrument to measure snow depth, and airborne sensors to measure surface temperature and reflected light from snow.Data acquired from the SnowEx campaign will be stored at the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colorado, and will be available to anyone to order at no cost, as is the case with all NASA data.For more information: https://www.nasa.gov/earthexpeditions || ",
            "hits": 49
        },
        {
            "id": 12489,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12489/",
            "result_type": "B-Roll",
            "release_date": "2017-02-14T02:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "SnowEx Field Campaign: B-roll From The P-3 Orion Aircraft",
            "description": "SnowEx is a NASA led multi-year research campaign to improve measurements of how much snow is on the ground at any given time and how much liquid water is contained in that snow.Five aircraft with a total of ten different sensors will participate in the SnowEx campaign. From a base of operations at Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado Springs, SnowEx will deploy a P-3 Orion aircraft operated by the Scientific Development Squadron ONE (VXS-1), based at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland. A King Air plane will fly out of Grand Junction, Colorado, while high-altitude NASA jets will fly from Johnson Space Center in Houston. The planes will carry passive and active microwave sensors that are good at measuring snow-water equivalent in dry snow, but are less optimal for measuring snow forests or light snow cover. The campaign will also deploy an airborne laser instrument to measure snow depth, and airborne sensors to measure surface temperature and reflected light from snow.Data acquired from the SnowEx campaign will be stored at the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colorado, and will be available to anyone to order at no cost, as is the case with all NASA data.For more information: https://www.nasa.gov/earthexpeditions || ",
            "hits": 42
        },
        {
            "id": 12490,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12490/",
            "result_type": "B-Roll",
            "release_date": "2017-02-13T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "SnowEx Field Campaign: B-roll From Grand Mesa",
            "description": "SnowEx is a NASA led multi-year research campaign to improve measurements of how much snow is on the ground at any given time and how much liquid water is contained in that snow.Starting in February, teams of 50 researchers are stationed at Grand Mesa and Senator Beck Basin over a three-week period to measure snow using a variety of snow-sensing instruments and techniques.Ground measurements will allow the team to validate the remotely-sensed measurements acquired by the multiple sensors on the various aircraft.Data acquired from the SnowEx campaign will be stored at the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colorado, and will be available to anyone to order at no cost, as is the case with all NASA data. For more information: https://www.nasa.gov/earthexpeditions/ || ",
            "hits": 34
        },
        {
            "id": 12497,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12497/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2017-02-08T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Snow Live Shots (Feb. 17, 2017)",
            "description": "B-roll for NASA interviews on Friday, February 17, 2017. || B-Roll.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [182.9 KB] || B-Roll.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [86.4 KB] || B-Roll.00001_web.png (320x180) [86.4 KB] || B-Roll.00001_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || B-Roll.webm (1280x720) [47.7 MB] || B-Roll.mov (1280x720) [6.2 GB] || ",
            "hits": 44
        },
        {
            "id": 12310,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12310/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2016-07-18T17:20:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA Releases Global Temperatures for First Half Of 2016",
            "description": "B-roll that goes along with the live shot || broll.png (1278x692) [1.0 MB] || broll_print.jpg (1024x554) [97.9 KB] || broll_web.png (320x173) [80.3 KB] || broll_thm.png (80x40) [6.9 KB] || broll_searchweb.png (320x180) [82.6 KB] || Temp_broll.webm (1280x720) [20.3 MB] || Temp_broll_1.mp4 (1280x720) [316.2 MB] || Temp_broll.mov (1280x720) [2.7 GB] || ",
            "hits": 36
        },
        {
            "id": 12302,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12302/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2016-07-13T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Aerosol Optical Thickness, MODIS, 2000-2016",
            "description": "Aerosol optical depth from Terra/MODIS, 1-month composite.In the maps shown here, dark brown pixels show high aerosol concentrations, while tan pixels show lower concentrations, and light yellow areas show little or no aerosols. Black shows where the sensor could not make its measurement.Aerosol optical depth is the degree to which aerosols prevent the transmission of light by absorption or scattering of light. || MODIS_Aerosol_Optical_Depth_youtube_hq.00001_print.jpg (1024x512) [184.9 KB] || MODIS_Aerosol_Optical_Depth_youtube_hq.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [92.7 KB] || MODIS_Aerosol_Optical_Depth_youtube_hq.00001_thm.png (80x40) [6.7 KB] || MODIS_Aerosol_Optical_Depth.webm (960x540) [42.2 MB] || 3600x1800_2x1_30p (3600x1800) [16.0 KB] || GSFC_20160713_MODIS_m12302_Aerosol.en_US.vtt [64 bytes] || MODIS_Aerosol_Optical_Depth_large.mp4 (3600x1800) [233.1 MB] || MODIS_Aerosol_Optical_Depth_youtube_hq.mov (3600x1800) [511.0 MB] || MODIS_Aerosol_Optical_Depth_prores720.mov (1280x720) [1.7 GB] || MODIS_Aerosol_Optical_Depth_prores.mov (3600x1800) [11.1 GB] || ",
            "hits": 83
        },
        {
            "id": 12242,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12242/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2016-05-05T20:22:00-04:00",
            "title": "El Niño Evolution",
            "description": "Computer models help scientists see El Niño unfold in the Pacific. || c-1024.jpg (1024x576) [238.4 KB] || c-1280.jpg (1280x720) [351.4 KB] || c-1920.jpg (1920x1080) [605.7 KB] || c-1024_print.jpg (1024x576) [252.3 KB] || c-1024_searchweb.png (320x180) [100.5 KB] || c-1024_web.png (320x180) [100.5 KB] || c-1024_thm.png (80x40) [17.1 KB] || ",
            "hits": 119
        },
        {
            "id": 30767,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30767/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2016-04-12T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "OMG Maps Greenland Sea Floor Depth",
            "description": "This image shows a region off the coast of northwest Greenland mapped as part of the fall 2015 campaign of NASA's Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) mission. This mission will test the connection between ocean warming and ice loss in Greenland. The data, shown here on a backdrop of Landsat-8 scenes from the same time period, will be used to understand the pathways by which warm water can reach glacier edges. The color overlay on the water shows the depth of the sea floor, with deep blue colors representing depths of more than 1,000 meters. In the second image the color overlay on the land show the icesheet velocity from InSAR data (MEaSUREs Greenland Ice Sheet Velocity Map from InSAR Data) || ",
            "hits": 62
        },
        {
            "id": 40262,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/hubble-space-telescope/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2015-12-04T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Hubble Space Telescope",
            "description": "Since its launch in 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope has changed our fundamental understanding of the universe.  Hubble’s unique design, allowing it to be repaired and upgraded with advanced technology by astronauts, has made it one of NASA’s longest-living and most valuable observatories.  Today, Hubble continues to provide views of cosmic wonders never before seen and is still at the forefront of astronomy.\nThe Hubble Space Telescope is an international collaboration between NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA).For more information visit us at https://nasa.gov/hubble or follow us on social media @NASAHubble.",
            "hits": 486
        },
        {
            "id": 12039,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12039/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2015-11-03T11:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "The Long Dry Spell",
            "description": "NASA satellites provide a new view from space of Brazil's ongoing drought. || c-1920.jpg (1920x1080) [251.6 KB] || c-1280.jpg (1280x720) [163.6 KB] || c-1024.jpg (1024x576) [115.0 KB] || c-1024_print.jpg (1024x576) [125.0 KB] || c-1024_searchweb.png (320x180) [72.7 KB] || c-1024_web.png (320x180) [72.7 KB] || c-1024_thm.png (80x40) [13.7 KB] || ",
            "hits": 39
        },
        {
            "id": 12035,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12035/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2015-10-28T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Brazil’s Extreme Drought Seen From Space",
            "description": "Empty water reservoirs, severe water rationing, and electrical blackouts are the new status quo in major cities across southeastern Brazil where the worst drought in 35 years has desiccated the region. A new NASA study estimates that the region has lost an average of 15 trillion gallons of water per year from 2012 to 2015. Eastern Brazil as a whole has lost on average 28 trillion gallons of water per year over the same time period.Augusto Getirana, a hydrologist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland, analyzed the amount of water stored in aquifers and rivers across Brazil from 2002 to 2015, interested in understanding the depth of the current drought.A new data visualization of 13 years of GRACE data shows the distribution of water across Brazil. Blues indicate increases in water, mostly occurring in the western regions of Brazil in the rainforest. Meanwhile red and orange shows where water stores have declined, occurring mainly in the north and southeast. At the beginning of the data collection, in 2002, Brazil was just coming out of a drought that began in 2000. A wet period followed until 2012 when dry conditions set in again due to a lack of precipitation and higher than usual temperatures, according to supplemental data.Southeastern Brazil was hardest hit by drought conditions, said Getirana. To make matters worse, Brazil relies on rivers that feed into reservoirs and dams that generate about 75 percent of the electrical power for the country. By September 2014, for example, the Cantareira reservoir system that provides water for 8.8 million people in São Paulo's metro region reported that it was filled to 10.7 percent of its total capacity, a situation that has led to major water rationing.Research: Extreme water deficit in Brazil detected from space.Journal: Hydrometeorology, October 27, 2015.Link to paper: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JHM-D-15-0096.1Here is the YouTube video.Additional footage from: Itaipu Binacional Files. || ",
            "hits": 43
        },
        {
            "id": 12036,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12036/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2015-10-28T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Instagram: Brazil's Extreme Drought Seen From Space",
            "description": "Empty water reservoirs, severe water rationing, and electrical blackouts are the new status quo in major cities across southeastern Brazil where the worst drought in 35 years has desiccated the region. A new NASA study estimates that the region has lost an average of 15 trillion gallons of water per year from 2012 to 2015. Eastern Brazil as a whole has lost on average 28 trillion gallons of water per year over the same time period.Augusto Getirana, a hydrologist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland, analyzed the amount of water stored in aquifers and rivers across Brazil from 2002 to 2015, interested in understanding the depth of the current drought.A new data visualization of 13 years of GRACE data shows the distribution of water across Brazil. Blues indicate increases in water, mostly occurring in the western regions of Brazil in the rainforest. Meanwhile red and orange shows where water stores have declined, occurring mainly in the north and southeast. At the beginning of the data collection, in 2002, Brazil was just coming out of a drought that began in 2000. A wet period followed until 2012 when dry conditions set in again due to a lack of precipitation and higher than usual temperatures, according to supplemental data.Southeastern Brazil was hardest hit by drought conditions, said Getirana. To make matters worse, Brazil relies on rivers that feed into reservoirs and dams that generate about 75 percent of the electrical power for the country. By September 2014, for example, the Cantareira reservoir system that provides water for 8.8 million people in São Paulo's metro region reported that it was filled to 10.7 percent of its total capacity, a situation that has led to major water rationing.Research: Extreme water deficit in Brazil detected from space.Journal: Hydrometeorology, October 27, 2015.Link to paper: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JHM-D-15-0096.1Here is the YouTube video.Additional footage from: Itaipu Binacional Files. || ",
            "hits": 28
        },
        {
            "id": 4379,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4379/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2015-10-09T14:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Making Video Games for NASA",
            "description": "This gallery was created for Earth Science Week 2015 and beyond. It includes a quick start guide for educators and first-hand stories (blogs) for learners of all ages by NASA visualizers, scientists and educators. We hope that your understanding and use of NASA's visualizations will only increase as your appreciation grows for the beauty of the science they portray, and the communicative power they hold. Read all the blogs and find educational resources for all ages at: the Earth Science Week 2015 page.How would you like to fly alongside a NASA satellite and see the Earth as the satellite's instruments see it? You can, with a free app called NASA's Eyes on the Earth. It includes NASA's entire fleet of Earth-observing satellites. Ride along virtually with any of them in real time or at super-speed. || ",
            "hits": 42
        },
        {
            "id": 11934,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11934/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2015-09-24T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Dwindling Diatoms",
            "description": "A NASA study shows a decline in populations of tiny plants in the world's oceans. || c-1920.jpg (1920x1080) [282.0 KB] || c-1280.jpg (1280x720) [164.7 KB] || c-1024.jpg (1024x576) [103.4 KB] || c-1024_print.jpg (1024x576) [112.6 KB] || c-1024_searchweb.png (320x180) [64.0 KB] || c-1024_web.png (320x180) [64.0 KB] || c-1024_thm.png (80x40) [11.9 KB] || ",
            "hits": 59
        },
        {
            "id": 12009,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12009/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2015-09-23T09:30:00-04:00",
            "title": "Earth’s Oceans Show Decline In Microscopic Plant Life",
            "description": "The world's oceans have seen significant declines in certain types of microscopic plant-life at the base of the marine food chain, according to a new NASA study. The research is the first to look at global, long-term phytoplankton community trends based on a model driven by NASA satellite data. Diatoms, the largest type of phytoplankton algae, have declined more than 1 percent per year from 1998 to 2012 globally, with significant losses occurring in the North Pacific, North Indian and Equatorial Indian oceans. The reduction in population may have an impact on the amount of carbon dioxide drawn out of the atmosphere and transferred to the deep ocean for long-term storage. || ",
            "hits": 70
        },
        {
            "id": 11973,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11973/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2015-08-17T18:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Lakes On A Glacier",
            "description": "A view of Greenland's ice sheet from the NASA/USGS Landsat 8 satellite, narrated by Dr. Allen Pope.  The data enables Dr. Pope to measure the depth of the lakes that form on the surface every summer as the snow and ice melts.  The data in this image are from July 12, 2014, and shows the area just south of the Jakobshavn Glacier.For complete transcript, click here.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || G2015-056_Lakes_On_A_Glacier-print.jpg (1024x576) [430.4 KB] || G2015-056_Lakes_On_A_Glacier_MASTER_youtube_hq_searchweb.png (180x320) [71.3 KB] || G2015-056_Lakes_On_A_Glacier_MASTER_youtube_hq_thm.png (80x40) [4.8 KB] || G2015-056_Lakes_On_A_Glacier_MASTER_youtube_1920.mp4 (1920x1080) [132.4 MB] || G2015-056_Lakes_On_A_Glacier_MASTER_youtube_hq.mov (1280x720) [391.1 MB] || G2015-056_Lakes_On_A_Glacier_MASTER_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [78.9 MB] || G2015-056_Lakes_On_A_Glacier_MASTER.mpeg (1280x720) [560.6 MB] || G2015-056_Lakes_On_A_Glacier_MASTER_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [80.6 MB] || G2015-056_Lakes_On_A_Glacier_MASTER_prores.mov (1280x720) [2.3 GB] || G2015-056_Lakes_On_A_Glacier_MASTER_prores-1920.mov (1920x1080) [4.3 GB] || G2015-056_Lakes_On_A_Glacier_MASTER.webm (960x540) [67.1 MB] || G2015-056_Lakes_On_A_Glacier_MASTER_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [79.0 MB] || G2015-056_Lakes_On_A_Glacier-captions.en_US.srt [3.0 KB] || G2015-056_Lakes_On_A_Glacier-captions.en_US.vtt [3.0 KB] || G2015-056_Lakes_On_A_Glacier_MASTER_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [28.0 MB] || ",
            "hits": 51
        },
        {
            "id": 11760,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11760/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2015-03-31T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "A Once-Blue Planet",
            "description": "NASA research suggests an ocean once covered the surface of Mars. || c-1280.jpg (1280x720) [229.4 KB] || c-1024.jpg (1024x576) [157.9 KB] || c-1024_print.jpg (1024x576) [150.3 KB] || c-1024_searchweb.png (320x180) [80.7 KB] || c-1024_print_thm.png (80x40) [18.5 KB] || ",
            "hits": 123
        },
        {
            "id": 30583,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30583/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2015-02-13T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "AXIOM-1 Sea Surface Salinity, Sea Ice Thickness and Atmospheric Precipitable Water",
            "description": "This animation shows sea surface sailinity, sea ice thickness, and atmospheric precipitable water. || 0001_print.jpg (1024x576) [234.1 KB] || 0001_searchweb.png (180x320) [120.0 KB] || 0001_web.png (320x180) [120.0 KB] || 0001_thm.png (80x40) [8.0 KB] || sss-1920x1080.webm (1920x1080) [16.1 MB] || axiom_salinity_h265_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [109.1 MB] || axiom_salinity_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [166.0 MB] || sss-1920x1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [976.2 MB] || sss (5760x3240) [128.0 KB] || axiom_salinity_h265_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [1.0 GB] || ocean+salinity_ice_thickness_precip_water_30583.key [983.1 MB] || ocean+salinity_ice_thickness_precip_water_30583.pptx [979.9 MB] || axiom_salinity_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [1.5 GB] || ",
            "hits": 32
        },
        {
            "id": 30584,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30584/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2015-02-13T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "AXIOM-1 Ocean chlorophyll, Sea Ice Thickness and Atmospheric Precipitable Water",
            "description": "This animation shows ocean surface chlorophyll concentration, sea ice thickness, and atmospheric precipitable water. || 0001_print.jpg (1024x576) [236.0 KB] || 0001_searchweb.png (320x180) [121.0 KB] || 0001_web.png (320x180) [121.0 KB] || 0001_thm.png (80x40) [8.0 KB] || chl-1920x1080.webm (1920x1080) [15.9 MB] || axiom_chl_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [161.2 MB] || axiom_chl_h265_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [105.5 MB] || chl-1920x1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [889.5 MB] || chl (5760x3240) [128.0 KB] || axiom_chl_h265_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [913.8 MB] || chlorophyll_ice_thickness_precip_water_30584.key [896.4 MB] || chlorophyll_ice_thickness_precip_water_30584.pptx [893.1 MB] || axiom_chl_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [1.4 GB] || ",
            "hits": 38
        },
        {
            "id": 30524,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30524/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2014-11-03T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "AXIOM-1 Sea Surface Temperature",
            "description": "This animation shows sea surface temperature, ice thickness, and atmospheric precipitable water. || 0001_print.jpg (1024x576) [212.3 KB] || 0001_searchweb.png (320x180) [102.5 KB] || 0001_web.png (320x180) [102.5 KB] || 0001_thm.png (80x40) [7.0 KB] || sst-1920x1080.webm (1920x1080) [41.7 MB] || sst (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || sst (5760x3240) [128.0 KB] || sst-1920x1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [1.3 GB] || sst_ice_thickness_precip_water_30524.key [1.3 GB] || sst_ice_thickness_precip_water_30524.pptx [1.3 GB] || sst-5760x3240.mp4 (5760x3240) [9.0 GB] || ",
            "hits": 23
        },
        {
            "id": 11611,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11611/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2014-07-17T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Briefing Materials: NASA Field Campaign to Probe Ocean Ecology, Carbon Cycle",
            "description": "NASA will host a media teleconference at 1 p.m. EDT Thursday, July 17, to discuss new fieldwork using coordinated ship and aircraft observations aimed at advancing the technology needed to measure microscopic plankton in the ocean from space.Press release: http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/july/nasa-kicks-off-field-campaign-to-probe-ocean-ecology-carbon-cycle/Briefing SpeakersIntroduction 1: Paula Bontempi, ocean biology and biogeochemistry program scientist, NASA Headquarters, WashingtonIntroduction 2: Michael Behrenfeld, ocean plant ecologist, Oregon State University, CorvallisChris Hostetler, atmospheric scientist, NASA's Langley Research Center, Hampton, VirginiaJacek Chowdhary, research scientist, Columbia University, New YorkAlex Gilerson, ocean imager, City College of New YorkIvona Cetinic, ocean ecologist, University of Maine, WalpolePresenter 1: Paula Bontempi || ",
            "hits": 22
        },
        {
            "id": 4168,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4168/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2014-05-29T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "West Antarctic Collapse",
            "description": "A new study by researchers at NASA and the University of California, Irvine, finds a rapidly melting section of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet appears to be in an irreversible state of decline, with nothing to stop the glaciers in this area from melting into the sea according to glaciologist and lead author Eric Rignot, of UC Irvine and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.Three major lines of evidence point to the glaciers' eventual demise: the changes in their flow speeds, how much of each glacier floats on seawater, and the slope and depth of the terrain they are flowing over.  In a paper in April, Rignot's research group discussed the steadily increasing flow speeds of these glaciers over the past 40 years. This new study examines the other two lines of evidence.As glaciers flow out from land to the ocean, large expanses of ice behind their leading edges float on the seawater. The point on a glacier where it first loses contact with land is called the grounding line. Nearly all glacier melt occurs on the underside of the glacier beyond the grounding line, on the section floating on seawater.  The Antarctic glaciers studied have thinned so much they are now floating above places where they used to sit solidly on land, which means their grounding lines are retreating inland.—><!——><!—Above: Move bar to compare the grounding line of the Smith Glacier from 1996 (left) to the location in 2011 (right) which has retreated inland 35 km during this time. The green line indicates the location of the 1996 grounding line.  Download HTML to embed this in your web page.The bedrock topography is another key to the fate of the ice in this basin. All the glacier beds slope deeper below sea level as they extend farther inland. As the glaciers retreat, they cannot escape the reach of the ocean, and the warm water will keep melting them even more rapidly.Below are two edited versions of narrated stories released by JPL to explain this research.  In addition are the two versions of the unedited animations provided to JPL to support the release.  The unedited animations show the region of study by the JPL researchers, identifying by name the glaciers that terminate in the Amundsen Sea. One of the animations includes data showing the velocity of the glaciers in the region, flow vectors showing the movement of the glaciers colored by their velocity and a difference image showing the change in velocity between 1996 and 2008.  The second animation does not include these datasets.  Both versions of the animation draw close to the Smith Glacier and show how the grounding line of this glacier has moved inland 35 kilometers between 1996 and 2011.  As the surface of the ice sheet is peeled away, showing the height and depth of the bedrock topography.   Regions below sea level are shown in shades of brown while areas above sea level are shown in green.  Sea level is shown in yellow. || ",
            "hits": 94
        },
        {
            "id": 11428,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11428/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2013-12-03T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Alien Atmospheres",
            "description": "Since the early 1990's, astronomers have known that extrasolar planets, or \"exoplanets,\" orbit stars light-years beyond our own solar system. Although most exoplanets are too distant to be directly imaged, detailed studies have been made of their size, composition, and even atmospheric makeup - but how? By observing periodic variations in the parent star's brightness and color, astronomers can indirectly determine an exoplanet's distance from its star, its size, and its mass. But to truly understand an exoplanet astronomers must study its atmosphere, and they do so by splitting apart the parent star's light during a planetary transit. || ",
            "hits": 367
        },
        {
            "id": 3885,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3885/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-11-29T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Components of the Cryosphere",
            "description": "This high resolution image, designed for the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, shows the extent of the regions affected by components of the cryosphere around the world. Over land, continuous permafrost is shown in a dark pink while discontinuous permafrost is shown in a lighter shade of pink. Over much of the northern hemisphere's land area, a semi-transparent white veil depicts the regions that are affected by snowfall at least one day during the perion 2000-2012. The bright green line along the southern border of this region shows the maximum snow extent while a black line across the North America, Europe and Asia shows the 50% snow extent line. Glaciers are shown as small golden dots in mountainous areas and in the far northern and southern latitudes. Over the water, ice shelves are shown around Antarctica along with sea ice surrounding the ice shelves. Sea ice is also shown at the North Pole, where the 30 year average sea ice extent is shown by a yellow outline. In addition, the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica are clearly visible. || ",
            "hits": 76
        },
        {
            "id": 30286,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30286/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-21T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Bloom in the Barents Sea",
            "description": "Brilliant shades of blue and green explode across the Barents Sea in this natural-color image taken on August 17, 2011. The color was created by a massive bloom of phytoplankton that are common in the area each August. Plankton blooms spanning hundreds or even thousands of kilometers occur across the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans every year. Many species thrive in the cooler ocean waters, which tend to be richer in nutrients and plant life than tropical waters. In this image, the milky blue color strongly suggests that the bloom contains coccolithophores, microscopic plankton that are plated with white calcium carbonate. When viewed through ocean water, a coccolithophore bloom tends to be bright blue. The species is most likely Emiliana huxleyi, whose blooms tend to be triggered by high light levels during the 24-hour sunlight of Arctic summer. The variations in bloom brightness and color in satellite images is partly related to its depth: E. huxleyi, can grow abundantly as much as 50 meters below the surface. || ",
            "hits": 35
        },
        {
            "id": 4060,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4060/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-06-04T10:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Bedrock",
            "description": "<!——><!—Above: Move bar to compare the bedrock topography (left) to the ice sheet surface (right).Download HTML to embed this in your web page.The topography of the bedrock under the Antarctic Ice Sheet is critical to understanding the dynamic motion of the ice sheet, its thickness and its influence on the surrounding ocean and global climate. In 2001, the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) released a map of the bed under the Antarctic Ice Sheet and the seabed extending out on to the continental shelf derived from data collected by an international consortium of scientists over the prior fifty years. The resulting dataset was called BEDMAP (or BEDMAP1).In 2013, BAS released an update of the topographic dataset called BEDMAP2 that incorporates twenty-five million measurements taken over the past two decades from the ground, air and space. This visualization compares the new BEDMAP2 dataset to the original BEDMAP1 dataset showing the improvements in resolution and coverage. <!——><!—Above: Move bar to compare the Bedmap1 topography (left) to the Bedmap2 topography (right). Download HTML to embed this in your web page.Since 2009, NASA's mission Operation IceBridge (OIB) has flown aircraft over the Antarctic Ice Sheet carrying laser and ice-penetrating radar instruments to collect data about the surface height, bedrock topography and ice thickness. This visualization highlights the contribution that OIB has made to this important dataset.The topography in this visualization is exaggerated to emphasize the topographic relief. The amount of exaggeration varies based on the viewpoint, from twenty times in distant views down to nine times when near the Pine Island Bay. || ",
            "hits": 159
        },
        {
            "id": 3881,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3881/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-12-09T15:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Thermohaline Circulation on a Flat Map",
            "description": "The oceans are mostly composed of warm salty water near the surface over cold, less salty water in the ocean depths. These two regions don't mix except in certain special areas. The ocean currents, the movement of the ocean in the surface layer, are driven primarily by the wind. In certain areas near the polar oceans, the colder surface water also gets saltier due to evaporation or sea ice formation. In these regions, the surface water becomes dense enough to sink to the ocean depths. This pumping of surface water into the deep ocean forces the deep water to move horizontally until it can find an area on the world where it can rise back to the surface and close the current loop. This usually occurs in the equatorial ocean, mostly in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This very large, slow current is called the thermohaline circulation because it is caused by temperature and salinity (haline) variations.This animation shows one of the major regions where this pumping occurs, the North Atlantic Ocean around Greenland, Iceland, and the North Sea. The surface ocean current brings new water to this region from the South Atlantic via the Gulf Stream and the water returns to the South Atlantic via the North Atlantic Deep Water current. The continual influx of warm water into the North Atlantic polar ocean keeps the regions around Iceland and southern Greenland generally free of sea ice year round.The animation also shows another feature of the global ocean circulation: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The region around latitude 60 south is the only part of the Earth where the ocean can flow all the way around the world with no obstruction by land. As a result, both the surface and deep waters flow from west to east around Antarctica. This circumpolar motion links the world's oceans and allows the deep water circulation from the Atlantic to rise in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, thereby closing the surface circulation with the northward flow in the Atlantic.The flows in this visualization are based on current theories of the thermohaline circulation rather than actual data or computational model runs. The thermohaline circulation is a very slow moving current that can be difficult to distinguish from general ocean circulation. Therefore, it is difficult to measure and simulate.This visualization was produced for the Science On a Sphere production \"Loop\". It is intended to be over-layed on a world map background. Below are 3 sets of 4 sequences. The first set of 4 sequences are all composited over a world map background with a limited number of frames that make them loopable (with a very slight jump at the point where the looping happens). This is primarily provided for real-time displays such as hyperwall systems. The 4 sequences are: all depth layers combined, shallow depths, middle depths, and deep depths.The second set is the same as the first set except that the layers are not composited over the background and instead include and alpha channel. The third layer is actually the frames that were used in the film \"Loop\" and consist of a large number of continuous, seamless frames. Each sequence is as before, all layers, shallow, middle, and deep layers all with alpha channels.The depth layers nominally correspond to the following ranges below sea level: shallow (0m - 600m), middle (1875m - 2500m), and deep (3000m - 4000m). These depths do vary with bathymetry. So, in areas where the sea floor is not very deep, these depths are scaled so that the flows do not interesct the sea floor or each other. || ",
            "hits": 154
        },
        {
            "id": 3853,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3853/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-10-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from September 4, 2009 through January 30, 2011. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day average sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running miniimum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. || ",
            "hits": 24
        },
        {
            "id": 3854,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3854/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-10-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Antarctic Sea Ice",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Antarctic sea ice progresses through time from May 26, 2009 through July 31, 2010. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day average sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running minimum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the Antarctic continent, the LIMA data shown here uses the pan-chromatic band and has a resolution of 240 meters per pixel. The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA) is a data product funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and jointly produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). || ",
            "hits": 60
        },
        {
            "id": 10773,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10773/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2011-05-19T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Mississippi Flooding 2011",
            "description": "Heavy spring rains and snowmelt led to devastating floods along the Mississippi River in May 2011. Landsat 5 flew over the Mississippi River on May 10, 2011, giving a distinct view of the extraordinary extent of the flooding. This was only eight days after the Army Corps of Engineers began blasting holes in earthen levees near Cairo, Illinois, when the river reached a depth of 61 feet. The extent of the 2011 flooding is compared with the same locations in April 2010. || ",
            "hits": 156
        },
        {
            "id": 3824,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3824/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-03-29T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: September 2010 to March 2011",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from the 2010 minimum which occurred on September 17 through March 16, 2011. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day maximum sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running maximum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. || ",
            "hits": 32
        },
        {
            "id": 3698,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3698/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-03-29T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: September 2009 to March 2010",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from September 1, 2009 when sea ice in the Arctic was near its minimum extent, through March 30, 2010. The animation plays at a rate of six frames per day or ten days per second. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day maximum sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running maximum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. || ",
            "hits": 34
        },
        {
            "id": 3688,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3688/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-03-17T23:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Shrimp-Like Creature Discovered at Windless Bight, Antarctica - 600 Feet Beneath  Ice Sheet",
            "description": "At a depth of 600 feet beneath the West Antarctic ice sheet, a small shrimp-like creature managed to brighten up an otherwise gray polar day in late November 2009. This critter is a three-inch long Lyssianasid amphipod found beneath the Ross Ice Shelf, about 12.5 miles away from open water in the region called Windless Bight. NASA scientists were using a borehole camera to look back up towards the ice surface when they spotted this pinkish-orange creature swimming beneath the ice. || ",
            "hits": 163
        },
        {
            "id": 3652,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3652/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-10-09T13:24:00-04:00",
            "title": "Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity and Density",
            "description": "Sea Surface TemperatureThe oceans of the world are heated at the surface by the sun, and this heating is uneven for many reasons. The Earth's axial rotation, revolution about the sun, and tilt all play a role, as do the wind-driven ocean surface currents. The first animation in this group shows the long-term average sea surface temperature, with red and yellow depicting warmer waters and blue depicting colder waters. The most obvious feature of this temperature map is the variation of the temperature by latitude, from the warm region along the equator to the cold regions near the poles. Another visible feature is the cooler regions just off the western coasts of North America, South America, and Africa. On these coasts, winds blow from land to ocean and push the warm water away from the coast, allowing cooler water to rise up from deeper in the ocean. || ",
            "hits": 911
        },
        {
            "id": 3492,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3492/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-03-09T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Atlantic Transport of Anthropogenic Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD)  in 2003",
            "description": "In a new NASA study, researchers taking advantage of improvements in satellite sensor capabilities offer the first measurement-based estimate of the amount of pollution. The new measurements from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on NASA's Terra satellite substantiate the results of previous model-based studies, and are the most extensive to date. Hongbin Yu, an associate research scientist of the University of Maryland Baltimore County working at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., grew up in China and taught there as a university professor, , where he witnessed first-hand and studied how pollution from nearby power plants affected the local environment. Yu points out, however, that the matter of pollution transport is a global one. \"Our study focused on East Asian pollution transport, but pollution also flows from Europe, North America, the broader Asian region and elsewhere, across bodies of water and land, to neighboring areas and beyond,\" he said. \"So we should not simply blame East Asia for this amount of pollution flowing into North America.\" In fact, a recent model study conducted by Mian Chin, co-author of this study and an atmospheric scientist at NASA Goddard suggests that European pollution also makes significant contribution to the pollution inflow to North America. \"Satellite instruments give us the ability to capture finer measurements, on a nearly daily basis across a broader geographic region and across a longer time frame so that the overall result is a better estimate than any other measurement method we've had in the past,\" said study co-author Lorraine Remer, a physical scientist and member of the MODIS science team at NASA Goddard. The MODIS instrument can distinguish between broad categories of particles in the air, and observes Earth's entire surface every one to two days, enabling it to monitor movement of the East Asian pollution aerosols as they rise into the lower troposphere, the area of the atmosphere where we live and breathe, and make their way across the Pacific and up into the middle and upper regions of the troposphere. Remer added that the research team also found that pollution movements fluctuate during the year, with the East Asian airstream carrying its largest \"load\" in spring and smallest in summer. The most extensive East Asian export of pollution across the Pacific took place in 2003, triggered by record-breaking wildfires across vast forests of East Asia and Russia. Notably, the pollution aerosols also travel across the ocean quickly, journeying into the atmosphere above North American in as little as one week. \"We cannot determine at what level of elevation in the atmosphere the pollution ends up once it crosses over to North America, so we do not have a way in this study to assess what actual impact it has on air quality here,\" said Remer. \"Nevertheless, we realize there is indeed impact. For example, particles like these have been linked to regional weather and climate effects. Since pollution transport is such a broad global issue, it is important moving forward to extend this kind of study to other regions, to see how much pollution is migrating from its source regions to others, when, and how fast,\" said Remer. || ",
            "hits": 10
        },
        {
            "id": 10371,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10371/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2009-01-17T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Climate Change and Polar Ice: Are We Waking Sleeping Giants w/ Dr. Waleed Abdalati",
            "description": "Water covers more than 70% of our planet's surface and largely governs so many things from climate change to the sustenance of life on earth. What you may not realize is the vital importance played by the solid part of our planet's water inventory. || ",
            "hits": 17
        },
        {
            "id": 3571,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3571/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-12-18T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: 2005 to 2008",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the globe slowly rotates one full rotation while the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change throughout the years. The animation begins on September 21, 2005 when sea ice in the Arctic was at its minimum extent, and continues through September 20, 2008. This time period repeats twice during the animation, playing at a rate of one frame per day. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day. This is a modification of animation ID  #3404 : Global Rotation showing Seasonal Landcover and Arctic Sea Ice, which only covered a one-year time period.For a 3D stereo version of this visualization, please visit animation entry:  #3578: AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: 2005 to 2008 - Stereoscopic Version || ",
            "hits": 72
        },
        {
            "id": 3578,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3578/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-12-18T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: 2005 to 2008 - Stereoscopic Version",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the globe slowly rotates one full rotation while the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change throughout the years. The animation begins on September 21, 2005 when sea ice in the Arctic was at its minimum extent, and continues through September 20, 2008. This time period repeats twice during the animation, playing at a rate of one frame per day. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day. This visualization is a stereoscopic version of animation entry:  #3571: AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: 2005 to 2008In this page the visualization content is offered in two different modes to accomodate stereoscopic systems, such as: Left and Right Eye separate and Left and Right Eye side-by-side combined on the same frame. || ",
            "hits": 22
        },
        {
            "id": 3539,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3539/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-08-29T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Blue Marble Next Generation Images from Terra/MODIS",
            "description": "The Blue Marble Next Generation (BMNG) data set provides a monthly global cloud-free true-color picture of the Earth's landcover at a 500-meter spatial resolution. This data set, shown on a globe, is derived from monthly data collected in 2004. The ocean color is derived from applying a depth shading to the bathymetry data. The Antarctica coverage snown is the Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica. Behind the Earth is a skymap from the Tycho and Hipparcos star catalogs. This skymap is plotted in plate carrée projection (Cylindrical-Equidistant) using celestial coordinates making them suitable for mapping onto spheres in many popular animation programs. The stars are plotted as gaussian point-spread functions (PSF) so the size and amplitude of the stars corresponds to their relative intensity. The stars are also elongated in Right Ascension (celestial longitude) based on declination (celestial latitude) so stars in the polar regions will still be round when projected on a sphere. Stars fainter than the threshold magnitude, usually selected as 5th magnitude, have their magnitude-intensity curve adjusted so they appear brighter than they really are. This makes the band of the Milky Way more visible. Stellar colors are assigned based on B and V magnitudes (B and V are stellar magnitudes measured through different filters). If Tycho B and V magnitudes are unavailable, Johnson B and V magnitudes are used instead. From these, an effective stellar temperature is derived using the algorithms described in Flower (ApJ 469, 355 1996). Corrections were noted from Siobahn Morgan (UNI). The effective temperature was then converted to CIE tristimulus X,Y,Z triples assuming a black-body emission distribution. The X,Y,Z values are then converted to red-green-blue color pixels. About 2.4 million stars are plotted, but many may be below the pixel intensity resolution. The three most conspicuously missing objects on these maps are the Andromeda galaxy (M31) and the two Magellanic Clouds. || ",
            "hits": 248
        },
        {
            "id": 3487,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3487/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-06-01T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Draining the Oceans",
            "description": "Three fifths of the Earth's surface is under the ocean, and the ocean floor is as rich in detail as the land surface with which we are familiar. This animation simulates a drop in sea level that gradually reveals this detail. As the sea level drops, the continental shelves appear immediately. They are mostly visible by a depth of 140 meters, except for the Arctic and Antarctic regions, where the shelves are deeper. The mid-ocean ridges start to appear at a depth of 2000 to 3000 meters. By 6000 meters, most of the ocean is drained except for the deep ocean trenches, the deepest of which is the Marianas Trench at a depth of 10,911 meters. || ",
            "hits": 1611
        },
        {
            "id": 3436,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3436/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-07-05T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "CloudSat, Calipso and MODIS over Central America",
            "description": "Associated with tropical thunderstorms are broad fields of cirrus clouds that flow out of the tops of the vigorous storm systems that form over warm tropical oceans. These clouds play a role in how much infrared energy is trapped in Earth's atmosphere. NASA's Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC4) mission, which runs from July 16, 2007 through August 8, 2007, aims to document the full lifecycle of these clouds. Observations from four A-Train satellites flying in formation will complement the aircraft measurements with large-scale views of many different features of the atmosphere. Observations from this mission along with previous studies will improve our understanding of what effect a warming climate with rising ocean temperatures will have on these cloud systems. These images over Central America, produced in support of the TC4 mission, show a tropical storm system over Central and South America on August 2, 2006 as measured from multiple satellite sensors, including Aqua MODIS, CloudSat and CALIPSO. In this view from the Pacific Ocean, Panama is on the left and South America is shown on the right. In the following series of still images, each satellite's measurement is shown individually and in combination with the others from the same camera viewpoint. The profile showing CloudSat and CALIPSO data is truncated at a height of twenty kilometers and exaggerated ten times. The land topography is also exaggerated by a factor of ten. || ",
            "hits": 34
        },
        {
            "id": 3434,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3434/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-06-11T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Updated Jakobshavn Glacier Calving Front Retreat from 2001 through 2006",
            "description": "Since measurements of Jakobshavn Isbrae were first taken in 1850, the glacier has gradually receded, finally coming to rest at a certain point for the past 5 decades. However, from 1997 to 2006, the glacier has begun to recede again, this time almost doubling in speed. The finding is important for many reasons. As more ice moves from glaciers on land into the ocean, ocean sea levels raise. Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining 6.5 percent of Greenland's ice sheet area. The ice stream's speed-up and near-doubling of ice flow from land into the ocean has increased the rate of sea level rise by about .06 millimeters (about .002 inches) per year, or roughly 4 percent of the 20th century rate of sea level increase. This animation shows the glacier's flow in 2000, along with changes in the glacier's calving front between 2001 and 2006.This animation is an update of and extension to animation ID #3374. In this version, a pause is added on the approach to the Jakobshavn glacier in order to highlight the meltwater lakes visible on the Greenland ice sheet. In addition, semi-transparent overlays and text indicate different regions of the glacier before the calving lines are shown. After the calving front retreat, an additional segment shows a zoom to a global view. During the pull out, historic calving front locations are shown followed by a color overlay showing regions of increase and decrease in the Greenland ice sheet. || ",
            "hits": 36
        },
        {
            "id": 3404,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3404/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-02-23T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Global Rotation Showing Seasonal Landcover and Arctic Sea Ice",
            "description": "In this animation, the globe slowly rotates one full rotation while seasonal land cover and Arctic sea ice vary through time. The animation begins on September 21, 2005 when sea ice in the Arctic was at its minimum extent, and continues through September 20, 2006. This time period repeats six times during the animation, playing at a rate of day frame per frame. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day. || ",
            "hits": 94
        },
        {
            "id": 20086,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20086/",
            "result_type": "Animation",
            "release_date": "2006-10-04T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Ocean Convection at High Altitudes - Fresh Condition",
            "description": "Understanding the variability of the density of ocean water is critical to understanding changes in the ocean's circulation, particularly those parts of the circulation that pertain to climate. In the tropics, the sun warms the surface water and causes that water to expand. Because the surface water is now less dense than the cooler water below, the warmest waters remain near the surface. Near the poles, the energy input by the sun is not as strong, and the surface waters are not warmed to the degree they are away from the poles. Here, it is the salinity of the water plays a critical role as to which water is found at the surface as the waters near the surface are not that much different in temperature to the water below.  These animations highlight the crucial role of salinity in high latitude convection (upward and downward movement of water) and climate.This animation, labeled Fresh, illustrates the condition where  the water near the surface is assumed to be much fresher than the saltier water below. Now when a atmosphere cools the surface water, the water sinks, but it does not make it all the way to the bottom. The scenario displayed is one where the condensing effect of the cooling is not strong enough to overcome the effects that salinity has on the density of the water. The less saline the water, the less dense it is. A cold fresh layer of water is constrained near the surface. Sometimes, this layer can even freeze insulating the water from any further cooling by the atmosphere. Note that in this animation there is very little movement of the water at depth back toward the tropics. || ",
            "hits": 120
        },
        {
            "id": 20089,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20089/",
            "result_type": "Animation",
            "release_date": "2006-02-06T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Invasive Species:  Tamarisk's Use of Water",
            "description": "Experts now estimate that Tamarisk (saltcedar) has infested more than 3.3 million acres in the western United States. Tamarisk is one of our most harmful invasive species because the plant's long roots tap into underground aquifers. Its groundwater-absorbing qualities may be adding to the severity of the drought in the western U.S.NASA and the USGS are working together to develop a National Invasive Species Forecasting System (ISFS) for the management and control of invasive species. The ISFS combines NASA Earth observations and models with field data to enhance USGS capabilities to map, monitor and predict the spread of significant invasive plant species.Tamarisk's extensive root system can reach up to 50 feet laterally and 100 feet in depth to access the water supply. As this invasive plant draws up large amounts of water, it can lower the water table. Native plants with shallower root systems have to compete for an already-dwindling water supply. One large Tamarisk plant can absorb up to 200 gallons of water per day - that's twice the amount the average person uses in the same timeframe. || ",
            "hits": 164
        },
        {
            "id": 3181,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3181/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-12-04T23:55:00-05:00",
            "title": "A Tour of the Cryosphere",
            "description": "A new HD version of this animation is available here.Click here to go to the media download section.The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. In these regions, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of each year. Since ice and snow exist relatively close to their melting point, they frequently change from solid to liquid and back again due to fluctuations in surface temperature. Although direct measurements of the cryosphere can be difficult to obtain due to the remote locations of many of these areas, using satellite observations scientists monitor changes in the global and regional climate by observing how regions of the Earth's cryosphere shrink and expand.This animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The animation begins in Antarctica, showing ice thickness ranging from 2.7 to 4.8 kilometers thick along with swaths of polar stratospheric clouds. In a tour of this frozen continent, the animation shows some unique features of the Antarctic landscape found nowhere else on earth. Ice shelves, ice streams, glaciers, and the formation of massive icebergs can be seen. A time series shows the movement of iceberg B15A, an iceberg 295 kilometers in length which broke off of the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Moving farther along the coastline, a time series of the Larsen ice shelf shows the collapse of over 3,200 square kilometers ice since January 2002. As we depart from the Antarctic, we see the seasonal change of sea ice and how it nearly doubles the size of the continent during the winter.From Antarctica, the animation travels over South America showing areas of permafrost over this mostly tropical continent. We then move further north to observe daily changes in snow cover over the North American continent. The clouds show winter storms moving across the United States and Canada, leaving trails of snow cover behind. In a close-up view of the western US, we compare the difference in land cover between two years: 2003 when the region received a normal amount of snow and 2002 when little snow was accumulated. The difference in the surrounding vegetation due to the lack of spring melt water from the mountain snow pack is evident.As the animation moves from the western US to the Arctic region, the areas effected by permafrost are visible. In December, we see how the incoming solar radiation primarily heats the Southern Hemisphere. As time marches forward from December to June, the daily snow and sea ice recede as the incoming solar radiation moves northward to warm the Northern Hemisphere.Using satellite swaths that wrap the globe, the animation shows three types of instantaneous measurements of solar radiation observed on June 20, 2003: shortwave (reflected) radiation, longwave (thermal) radiation and net flux (showing areas of heating and cooling). Correlation between reflected radiation and clouds are evident. When the animation fades to show the monthly global average net flux, we see that the polar regions serve to cool the global climate by radiating solar energy back into space throughout the year.The animation shows a one-year cycle of the monthly average Arctic sea ice concentration followed by the mean September minimum sea ice for each year from 1979 through 2004. A red outline indicates the mean sea ice extent for September over 22 years, from 1979 to 2002. The minimum Arctic sea ice animation clearly shows how over the last 5 years the quantity of polar ice has decreased by 10 - 14% from the 22 year average.While moving from the Arctic to Greenland, the animation shows the constant motion of the Arctic polar ice using daily measures of sea ice activity. Sea ice flows from the Arctic into Baffin Bay as the seasonal ice expands southward. As we draw close to the Greenland coast, the animation shows the recent changes in the Jakobshavn glacier. Although Jakobshavn receded only slightly from 1042 to 2001, the animation shows significant recession over the past three years, from 2002 through 2004.This animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website. || ",
            "hits": 104
        },
        {
            "id": 3027,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3027/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-01-12T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Snow Cover over North America during the Winter of 2001-2002 (WMS)",
            "description": "The amount of snow covering the land has both short and long term effects on the environment.  From season to season, snow coverage and depth affect soil moisture and water availability, which directly influence agriculture, wildfire occurrences, and drought.  In the long term, the part of the Earth's surface covered by snow reflects up to 80 or 90 percent of the incoming solar radiation as opposed to the 10 or 20 percent that uncovered land reflects, and this has important consequences for the Earth's climate.  Satellites identify the snow cover precisely by looking at the difference between light reflected off snow in the visible and the infrared wavelengths.  This visualization shows the snow cover over North America from October, 2001, through April, 2002, as measured by the MODIS instrument on the Terra satellite.  Since this instrument cannot measure snow cover through clouds, this visualization designates an area as covered by snow when the instrument takes a valid measurement showing greater than 50% snow coverage in that area.  This area is assumed to be covered in snow until the instrument takes a valid measurement showing less than 40% coverage in that same area.  In this animation, snow coverage is measured every 8 days. || ",
            "hits": 11
        },
        {
            "id": 2899,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2899/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-02-11T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Snow Cover over the Northern Hemisphere During the Winter of 2002-2003 (WMS)",
            "description": "The amount of snow covering the land has both short and long term effects on the environment. From season to season, snow coverage and depth affect soil moisture and water availability, which directly influence agriculture, wildfire occurrences, and drought. In the long term, the part of the Earth's surface covered by snow reflects up to 80 or 90 percent of the incoming solar radiation as opposed to the 10 or 20 percent that uncovered land reflects, and this has important consequences for the Earth's climate. Satellites identify the snow cover precisely by looking at the difference between light reflected off snow in the visible and the infrared wavelengths. This visualization shows the snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere from September, 2002, through June, 2003, as measured by the MODIS instrument on the Terra satellite. Since this instrument cannot measure snow cover through clouds, this visualization designates an area as covered by snow when the instrument takes a valid measurement showing greater than 50% snow coverage in that area. This area is assumed to be snow covered until the instrument takes a valid measurement showing less than 40% snow coverage in that same area. It is possible to see topographic features in the snow cover such as the Rocky Mountains and the Himalayas, and large snow coverage paths from storms that cross the plains of the United States and Russia can also be seen. || ",
            "hits": 28
        },
        {
            "id": 2628,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2628/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-10-17T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "El Niño Zoom to Cross-section of Temperature and Height Anomalies:  January 1997 - March 1998",
            "description": "Views of sea surface height (represented by the bumps) and sea temperature (represented by the color). Red is 10 degrees C above normal, blue is 10 degrees C below normal.  Notice the large area of colder than normal water shutting off El Niño towards the end of the animation. || nino_thermo_anom_pre.jpg (320x197) [7.6 KB] || preview_made_from_dv.00050_print.png (180x122) [15.9 KB] || nino_thermo_anom.webmhd.webm (960x540) [54.5 KB] || nino_thermo_anom.mov (180x122) [1.5 MB] || ",
            "hits": 14
        },
        {
            "id": 2064,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2064/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2001-02-26T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Lake Chad Evaporation 1963 to 1997",
            "description": "Located on the edge of the Sahara and bordering four countries—Chad, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger—the immense area of this land locked lake has nearly disappeared in recent years. Persistent drought has caused the lake to drop from its former sixth place position in the list of world's largest lakes; it is now one tenth its former size.The basin of the lake is not naturally deep, so the surface area of the lake tended to spread out, keeping the total depth to little more 23 feet (7 meters). In recent years, rainfall patterns have begun to change, and tributaries to Lake Chad have not been refilling the basin as rapidly as they used to. The lush, productive flora and fauna fed by the wetlands of the shallow lake have suffered as a result.This has led to significant changes for various communities of people that live in the vicinity of the Lake. While for some the now exposed lake bed has enabled new land to be cultivated, much of the available fresh water that might have been used for irrigation is no longer dependable. As rainfall rates appear to be declining year after year, people living nearby develop even greater dependence on the lake, draining it even faster. || ",
            "hits": 44
        },
        {
            "id": 2065,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2065/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2001-02-26T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Lake Chad Evaporation 1973 to 1987",
            "description": "Located on the edge of the Sahara and bordering four countries—Chad, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger—the immense area of this land locked lake has nearly disappeared in recent years. Persistent drought has caused the lake to drop from its former sixth place position in the list of world's largest lakes; it is now one tenth its former size.The basin of the lake is not naturally deep, so the surface area of the lake tended to spread out, keeping the total depth to little more 23 feet (7 meters). In recent years, rainfall patterns have begun to change, and tributaries to Lake Chad have not been refilling the basin as rapidly as they used to. The lush, productive flora and fauna fed by the wetlands of the shallow lake have suffered as a result.This has led to significant changes for various communities of people that live in the vicinity of the Lake. While for some the now exposed lake bed has enabled new land to be cultivated, much of the available fresh water that might have been used for irrigation is no longer dependable. As rainfall rates appear to be declining year after year, people living nearby develop even greater dependence on the lake, draining it even faster. || ",
            "hits": 94
        },
        {
            "id": 2066,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2066/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2001-02-26T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Lake Chad 2001",
            "description": "Sweep of Lake Chad, February 2001.Located on the edge of the Sahara and bordering four countries—Chad, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger—the immense area of this land locked lake has nearly disappeared in recent years. Persistent drought has caused the lake to drop from its former sixth place position in the list of world's largest lakes; it is now one tenth its former size.The basin of the lake is not naturally deep, so the surface area of the lake tended to spread out, keeping the total depth to little more 23 feet (7 meters). In recent years, rainfall patterns have begun to change, and tributaries to Lake Chad have not been refilling the basin as rapidly as they used to. The lush, productive flora and fauna fed by the wetlands of the shallow lake have suffered as a result.This has led to significant changes for various communities of people that live in the vicinity of the Lake. While for some the now exposed lake bed has enabled new land to be cultivated, much of the available fresh water that might have been used for irrigation is no longer dependable. As rainfall rates appear to be declining year after year, people living nearby develop even greater dependence on the lake, draining it even faster. || ",
            "hits": 61
        }
    ]
}