{ "count": 14, "next": null, "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 5104, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5104/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2023-05-23T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Two Decades of Changes in Nitrogen Dioxide and Fine Particulate Pollution in the U.S.", "description": "A data visualization of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) data for the Washington DC region spanning 2000-2018 (annual averages). Higher values are represented with dark red and lower values are represented with bright yellow. This view uses the hybrid PM 2.5 color bar with a range of 5 to 20. || pm25_dc_annual.2018_print.jpg (1024x576) [216.4 KB] || pm25_dc_annual.2018_searchweb.png (320x180) [75.7 KB] || pm25_dc_annual.2018_thm.png (80x40) [6.2 KB] || pm25_dc_annual (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || pm25_dc_annual_2160p1.mp4 (3840x2160) [30.8 MB] || pm25_dc_annual_2160p60_prores.mov (3840x2160) [41.0 MB] || pm25_dc_annual_2160p1.webm (3840x2160) [1.9 MB] || ", "hits": 113 }, { "id": 31099, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31099/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2020-02-05T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "A Changing Earth at Night (Regions)", "description": "NASA’s Black Marble products are also being used by scientists and decision-makers to monitor gradual changes driven by urbanization, out-migration, economic changes, and electrification. These images show the rapid electrification of India’s rural settlements in recent years. Huge swaths of northern India, relatively dark in 2012 night shots, are lit up in NASA’s Black Marble imagery from 2016. || NightLights.010_print.jpg (1024x576) [175.5 KB] || NightLights.010.png (5760x3240) [20.0 MB] || NightLights.010_searchweb.png (320x180) [101.2 KB] || NightLights.010_thm.png (80x40) [6.8 KB] || ", "hits": 321 }, { "id": 40348, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/esddatafor-societal-benefits/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2018-04-24T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "ESD data for Societal Benefit", "description": "No description available.", "hits": 178 }, { "id": 30886, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30886/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2017-06-28T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Black Marble 2012 vs. 2016", "description": "Black Marble comparing 2012 lights vs. 2016 lights || black_marble_swipe_1080p.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [58.2 KB] || black_marble_swipe_1080p.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [34.2 KB] || black_marble_swipe_1080p.00001_thm.png (80x40) [3.6 KB] || black_marble_swipe_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [3.5 MB] || black_marble_swipe_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [2.0 MB] || black_marble_swipe_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [7.8 MB] || black_marble_swipe_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [11.1 MB] || 4104x2304_16x9_30p (4104x2304) [0 Item(s)] || ", "hits": 144 }, { "id": 30876, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30876/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2017-04-25T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Black Marble 2016", "description": "An composite image shows a cloud-free view of Earth || BlackMarble_2016_global_7km_print.jpg (1024x576) [62.9 KB] || BlackMarble_2016_global_7km.png (5760x3240) [6.3 MB] || BlackMarble_2016_global_7km_searchweb.png (180x320) [34.9 KB] || BlackMarble_2016_global_7km_thm.png (80x40) [3.7 KB] || BlackMarble_2016_global_7km.hwshow [222 bytes] || ", "hits": 622 }, { "id": 30877, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30877/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2017-04-25T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Black Marble 2016 (Regions)", "description": "Satellite images of Earth at night—often referred to as \"night lights\"—have been a gee-whiz curiosity for the public and a tool for fundamental research for nearly 25 years. They have provided a broad, beautiful picture, showing how humans have shaped the planet and lit up the darkness. Produced every decade or so, such maps have spawned hundreds of pop-culture uses and dozens of economic, social science, and environmental research projects. || ", "hits": 126 }, { "id": 30878, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30878/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2017-04-25T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Black Marble 2016 (Rotating Globe)", "description": "A rotating globe rendered from the blackmarble 2016 image. || BlackMarble_2016_rotate_print.jpg (1024x576) [47.1 KB] || BlackMarble_2016_rotate.png (3840x2160) [3.0 MB] || BlackMarble_2016_rotate_searchweb.png (320x180) [28.2 KB] || BlackMarble_2016_rotate_thm.png (80x40) [2.9 KB] || BlackMarble_2016_rotate_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [11.5 MB] || BlackMarble_2016_rotate_720p.webm (1280x720) [17.2 MB] || BlackMarble_2016_rotate_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [23.9 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || BlackMarble_2016_rotate_2160p.mp4 (3840x2160) [108.6 MB] || ", "hits": 263 }, { "id": 11625, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11625/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-08-18T15:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA's RXTE Satellite Catches the Beat of a Midsize Black Hole", "description": "Astronomers from the University of Maryland, College Park (UMCP) and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center have uncovered rhythmic pulsations from a rare breed of black hole in archival data from NASA's Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellite. The signals provide compelling evidence that the object, known as M82 X-1, is one of only a few midsize black holes known.Dying stars form modest black holes measuring up to around 25 times the mass of our sun. At the opposite extreme, most large galaxies contain a supermassive black hole with a mass tens of thousands of times greater. Just as drivers traveling a highway packed with compact cars and monster trucks might start looking for sedans, astronomers are searching for a middle range of the black hole population and wondering why they see so few.M82 X-1 is the brightest X-ray source in Messier 82, a galaxy located about 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. While astronomers have suspected the object of being a midsize, or intermediate-mass, black hole for at least a decade, estimates have varied from 20 to 1,000 solar masses, preventing a definitive classification.Working with Mushotzky and Strohmayer, UMCP graduate student Dheeraj Pasham sifted through about 800 RXTE observations of M82 in a search for specific types of brightness changes that would help pin down the mass of the X-ray source.As gas streams toward the black hole it piles up into a disk around it. Friction within the disk heats the gas to millions of degrees, which is hot enough to emit X-rays. Cyclical intensity variations in these X-rays reflect processes occurring within the disk.Scientists think the most rapid changes occur near the inner edge of the disk on the brink of the black hole's event horizon, the point beyond which nothing, not even light, can escape. With such close proximity to the black hole, the effects of Einstein's general relativity come into play, resulting in X-ray variations that repeat at nearly regular intervals.Astronomers call these signals quasi-periodic oscillations, or QPOs, and have shown that for black holes produced by stars, their frequencies scale up or down depending on the size of the black hole.When astronomers study X-ray fluctuations from many stellar-mass black holes, they see both slow and fast QPOs, but the fast ones often come in pairs with a specific 3:2 rhythmic relationship. For every three flashes from one member of the QPO pair, its partner flashes twice.The combined presence of slow QPOs and a faster pair in a 3:2 rhythm effectively sets a standard scale that gives scientists a powerful tool for establishing the masses of stellar black holes.A decade ago, Strohmayer and Mushotzky showed the presence of slow QPO signals from M82 X-1. In order to apply the tried-and-true relationship used for stellar-mass black holes, the researchers needed to identify a pair of steady fluctuations exhibiting the same 3:2 beat in RXTE observations. By analyzing six years of data, they located X-ray variations that reliably repeated about 3.3 and 5.1 times each second, just the 3:2 relationship they needed.This allowed them to calculate that M82 X-1 weighs about 400 solar masses — the most accurate determination to date for this object and one that clearly places it in the category of intermediate-mass black holes.Read the paper at http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature13710.html.Read the press release at http://www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/index.html. || ", "hits": 140 }, { "id": 30028, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30028/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-04-05T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth at Night 2012", "description": "This new space-based view of Earth's city lights is a composite assembled from data acquired by the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite. The data was acquired over nine days in April 2012 and thirteen days in October 2012. It took the satellite 312 orbits and 2.5 terabytes of data to get a clear shot of every parcel of Earth's land surface and islands. This new data was then mapped over existing MODIS Blue Marble imagery to provide a realistic view of the planet.The view was made possible by the \"day-night band\" of Suomi NPP's Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite. VIIRS detects light in a range of wavelengths from green to near-infrared and uses \"smart\" light sensors to observe dim signals such as city lights, auroras, wildfires, and reflected moonlight. This low-light sensor can distinguish night lights tens to hundreds of times better than previous satellites. || ", "hits": 392 }, { "id": 10920, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10920/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2012-03-08T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Retreating Glaciers And Groundwater", "description": "The glacier-covered Himalayas are among the most hostile places on Earth, yet just south of the mountains, India's rapidly growing cities bustle with activity. Despite this contrast, human impact has altered the water and ice inventory of both regions, as measured by NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites. Driven by climate change, Himalayan glaciers are losing about 4 billion tons of ice each year—a large volume, but nowhere near previous higher estimates. Meanwhile, a burst of economic and population growth has drastically depleted groundwater reserves in northern India by an average of 35 billion tons annually. The visualization below provides a detailed look at the change in groundwater levels and ice-capped glaciers from 2003 to 2010 on a map of the region, where yellow dots mark the location of individual glaciers. || ", "hits": 57 }, { "id": 10873, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10873/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-11-15T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Global Rate of Deforestation 2011", "description": "Earth's forests are of incalculable value; they are a vital component of the climate system - controlling gas, energy and water exchange between the surface and atmosphere; the tropical forests alone contain half of all biological species - diversity that underpins human and environmental wellbeing; they are a major source of revenue - timber, non-timber forest products and mineral reserves and they are the primary source of energy for over 2 billion people. Forests have never been under more pressure. Demand for their natural wealth and a hunger for land causes forest clearance at alarming rates. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that the Earth loses an area about the size of a football field every 3 seconds - in the time it takes to make a sandwich an area equivalent to the National Mall in Washington, D.C., is cleared... somewhere on Earth trees are falling every second of every day. Based on a systematic sample of Landsat imagery at 4,016 locations around the tropical belt the European Commission's TREES 3 project is making estimates of forest cover change for the years 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010 with new levels of precision. Preliminary results emphasize just how relentless the pressure on our planet is. Using archived and recent Landsat imagery we have measured dramatic changes to the African Continent for example. Since the 1970s natural vegetation (forests and savannas) have been converted to agricultural land at a tremendous pace. Around 50,000 sq. km per year are cleared - an area twice the size of Vermont. With the fastest growing population in the world such land cover conversions are unlikely to slow down any time soon, nor should the measuring programs. Landsat 8 and its European counterpart, Sentinel 2, are not being launched any sooner than they are needed. || ", "hits": 44 }, { "id": 3804, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3804/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-12-12T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Human Consumption of Global Plant Production, 2005", "description": "On Dec. 14, 2010 NASA Goddard researchers conducted a press briefing at the American Geophysical Union Fall 2010 meeting, entitled, \"Satellite Supported Estimates of Human Rate of NPP carbon Use on Land: Challenges Ahead.\" In the first measurement of this trend, the research showed humans are using an increasing amount of Earth's annual production of photosynthetic land plants due to both increases in population and per capita consumption, and that amount of Net Primary Production (NPP) required rose from 20 to 25 percent from 1995 to 2005.This visualization illustrates the relationship between human acquistition of net primary productivity (HANPP) and NPP itself, by presenting the ratio of HANPP to NPP. It is a carbon balance sheet showing the percent of terrestrial net primary production that is required to provide food, fiber, and wood-based fuels for the world's global population in 2005.Measured in terms of carbon, regions where the populations are consuming more than is generated on the landscape show up as yellows and reds. The colors are presented on a logarithmic scale, meaning that the value of the data at each unit on the scale is ten times that of the previous unit; i.e. areas in red are 100 times (or greater) the value of areas in green. Therefore yellow, for example, with a value of HANPP/NPP = 10^0, or 1, represents regions were people require an amount of NPP that is 100 percent of the regional production, and red represents regions where people require more production than is locally available, up to 1000 percent and beyond. Values of less than 10 percent are not shown. This map shows where populations are highly dependent upon a food and fiber distribution system and are arguably potentially vulnerable to climate change. || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 30214, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30214/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2007-09-21T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Population Density at Night", "description": "This image combines the Earth’s Gridded Population of the World, version 3 (GPWv3) data from 2000 with Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) night-lights data to show the distribution of human population across the globe, including estimates to 2015. The map is colored to show the number of persons per square kilometer, from dark blue (1 person) to yellow (10,000 people). The blue-to-yellow color scale was desaturated proportional to the amount of night-lights (i.e., the color was made whiter where there were more lights). The brightest areas are generally the most urbanized but not necessarily the most populated. A comparison between the U.S. and India shows a more dense population in India but more lights in the U.S. Other patterns of distribution are also visible. For example, most major cities are along coastlines, near rivers, or near transportation networks. GPWv3 was produced by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network of the Earth Institute at Columbia University using population data from 2000.Gridded Population of the World, version 3 (GPWv3) is one of the latest developments in the rendering of human populations in a common geo-referenced framework, produced by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) of the Earth Institute at Columbia University. GPWv3 depicts the distribution of human population across the globe. It is the most detailed version of GPW to date with more than three times the amount of data as version 2, and includes population estimates to 2015. Developed between 2003 and 2005, GPWv3 provides globally consistent and spatially explicit human population information and data for use in research, policy-making, and communications. || ", "hits": 163 }, { "id": 2566, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2566/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Continental United States Population Map", "description": "This image shows the 2001 population distribution estimate made by the US Census. This visualization was created in support of a story describing how NASA is assisting the CDC and EPA in tracking the spread of West Nile Virus. || 2001 US Census Population Estimates with no background. || a002566_pop_wo_bg.jpg (720x528) [78.3 KB] || a002566_pop_wo_bg_web.png (320x234) [79.4 KB] || ", "hits": 13 } ] }