{ "count": 44, "next": null, "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 5620, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5620/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2026-03-02T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Sea Level Through a Porthole (2026)", "description": "As the planet warms and polar ice melts, our global average sea level is rising. Although exact ocean heights vary due to local geography, climate over time, and dynamic fluid interactions with gravity and planetary rotation, scientists observe sea level trends by comparing measurements against a 22 year spatial and temporal mean reference. These visualizations use the visual metaphor of a submerged porthole window to observe how far our oceans rose between 1993 and the end of 2025.", "hits": 1797 }, { "id": 5588, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5588/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2025-12-11T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Moon Phase and Libration, 2026 South Up", "description": "The animation archived on this page shows the geocentric phase, libration, position angle of the axis, and apparent diameter of the Moon throughout the year 2026, at hourly intervals.", "hits": 1296 }, { "id": 14928, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14928/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-11-20T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "TESS Triples Size of Pleiades Star Cluster", "description": "These young, hot blue stars are members of the Pleiades open star cluster and reside about 430 light-years away in the northern constellation Taurus. The brightest stars are visible to the unaided eye during evenings from October to April. A new study finds the cluster to be triple the size previously thought — and shows that its stars are scattered across the night sky. The Schmidt telescope at the Palomar Observatory in California captured this color-composite image. Credit: NASA, ESA, and AURA/CaltechAlt text: Members of the Pleiades shine in blue. Image description: The Pleiades are shown in this image. Six of the stars, all blue-white, are larger than the others and have diffraction spikes and faint blue circles around them. Other, smaller blue stars are also scattered across the image. Patches of swirling blue dust surround some of the stars. || STScI-01EVVEYWX1TA3MGBK5F6EFQVGQ.jpg (4877x3513) [1.1 MB] || ", "hits": 528 }, { "id": 14883, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14883/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-08-25T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Mapping Stellar ‘Polka Dots’", "description": "Watch to learn how a new tool uses data from exoplanets, worlds beyond our solar system, to tell us about their polka-dotted stars.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: “Whimsical Whirlwinds,” Claire Leona Batchelor [PRS], Universal Production MusicWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.Get the vertical version of this video [here](https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14797/){target=_blank}. || PolkaDotStars_Thumbnail.jpg (1920x1080) [145.7 KB] || PolkaDotStars_Thumbnail_print.jpg (1024x576) [59.8 KB] || PolkaDotStars_Thumbnail_searchweb.png (320x180) [33.1 KB] || PolkaDotStars_Thumbnail_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || 14883_MappingStellarPolkaDots_Low.mp4 (1920x1080) [74.2 MB] || 14883_MappingStellarPolkaDots.mp4 (1920x1080) [262.9 MB] || MappingStellarPolkaDotsCaptions.en_US.srt [1.4 KB] || 14883_MappingStellarPolkaDots_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [1.4 GB] || ", "hits": 126 }, { "id": 5535, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5535/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2025-08-15T09:05:00-04:00", "title": "What Apollo Saw in Sunlight While in Orbit", "description": "A map showing the sunlit parts of the lunar surface that the Apollo astronauts could see from orbit. The darkened parts of the map were either never in sunlight or were beyond the horizon of the spacecraft.", "hits": 590 }, { "id": 5520, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5520/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2025-03-25T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "Sea Level Through a Porthole (2025)", "description": "As the planet warms and polar ice melts, our global average sea level is rising. Although exact ocean heights vary due to local geography, climate over time, and dynamic fluid interactions with gravity and planetary rotation, scientists observe sea level trends by comparing measurements against a 22 year spatial and temporal mean reference. These visualizations use the visual metaphor of a submerged porthole window to observe how far our oceans rose between 1993 and 2025. || ", "hits": 439 }, { "id": 5423, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5423/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2024-11-27T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "Gravity waves disturbing the stratospheric polar vortex", "description": "Animation 1: Changes in temperature and height on the surface of 850 Kelvin potential temperature. The mountain generated gravity waves create strong cooling  as the gravity waves propagate through the stratosphere, while the polar vortex (the cold blue ring) evolves to become colder. || stratospher850_039_T.02498_print.jpg (1024x576) [108.0 KB] || stratospher850_039_T.02498_searchweb.png (320x180) [50.4 KB] || stratospher850_039_T.02498_thm.png (80x40) [4.2 KB] || stratospher850_039_T_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [52.0 MB] || stratospher850_039_T [0 Item(s)] || stratospher850_039_T.mp4 (3840x2160) [148.7 MB] || stratospher850_039_T.mp4.hwshow || ", "hits": 154 }, { "id": 5304, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5304/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2024-05-30T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Sea Level Through a Porthole (2023) for Science-on-a-Sphere", "description": "This visualization watches the global mean sea level change through a circular window. The blue mark on the ruler shows the exact measurements of the Integrated Multi-Mission Ocean Altimeter Data for Climate Research. The level of the animated water changes more smoothly, driven by a 60-day floating average of the same data.When played on a standard 68\" Science-on-a-Sphere display, the measurement markings in the video are accurate to the real world.", "hits": 193 }, { "id": 5235, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5235/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2024-03-21T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Sea Level Through a Porthole (2023)", "description": "As the planet warms and polar ice melts, our global average sea level is rising. Although exact ocean heights vary due to local geography, climate over time, and dynamic fluid interactions with gravity and planetary rotation, scientists observe sea level trends by comparing measurements against a 20 year spatial and temporal mean reference. These visualizations use the visual metaphor of a submerged porthole window to observe how far our oceans rose between 1993 and 2023. || ", "hits": 93 }, { "id": 40505, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/hyperwall-power-playlist-planetary-science-focus/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2023-08-28T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hyperwall Power Playlist - Planetary Science Focus", "description": "This is a collection of our most powerful, newsworthy, and frequently used Hyperwall-ready visualizations, along with several that haven't gotten the attention they deserve. They're especially great for more general or top-level science talks, or to \"set the scene\" before a deep dive into a more focused subject or dataset. We've tried to cover the subject areas our speakers focus on most. \n\nIf you're not seeing what you're looking for, there is a huge library of visualizations more localized or specialized in subject - please use the Search function above, and filter \"Result type\" for \"Hyperwall Visual.\"\n\n If you'd like to use one of these visualizations in your Hyperwall presentation, we'll need to know which element on which page. On the visualization's web page, below the visual you'd like to use, you'll see a Link icon next to the Download button. All we need is for you to click on that icon and include that link in your presentation Powerpoint/Keynote or visualization list. Additionally, please check our Hyperwall How-To Guide for tips on designing your Hyperwall presentation, file specifications, and Powerpoint/Keynote templates.", "hits": 263 }, { "id": 40518, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/hyperwall-power-playlist-astrophysics-focus/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2023-08-28T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hyperwall Power Playlist - Astrophysics Focus", "description": "This is a collection of our most powerful, newsworthy, and frequently used Hyperwall-ready visualizations, along with several that haven't gotten the attention they deserve. They're especially great for more general or top-level science talks, or to \"set the scene\" before a deep dive into a more focused subject or dataset. We've tried to cover the subject areas our speakers focus on most. \n\nIf you're not seeing what you're looking for, there is a huge library of visualizations more localized or specialized in subject - please use the Search function above, and filter \"Result type\" for \"Hyperwall Visual.\"\n\n If you'd like to use one of these visualizations in your Hyperwall presentation, we'll need to know which element on which page. On the visualization's web page, below the visual you'd like to use, you'll see a Link icon next to the Download button. All we need is for you to click on that icon and include that link in your presentation Powerpoint/Keynote or visualization list. Additionally, please check our Hyperwall How-To Guide for tips on designing your Hyperwall presentation, file specifications, and Powerpoint/Keynote templates.", "hits": 251 }, { "id": 5114, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5114/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2023-06-16T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Sea Level Through a Porthole", "description": "As the planet warms and polar ice melts, our global average sea level is rising. Although exact ocean heights vary due to local geography, climate over time, and dynamic fluid interactions with gravity and planetary rotation, scientists observe sea level trends by comparing measurements against a 20 year spatial and temporal mean reference. These visualizations use the visual metaphor of a submerged porthole window to observe how far our oceans rose between 1993 and 2022. || ", "hits": 244 }, { "id": 13933, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13933/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2021-09-28T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "Lucy L-20 Briefing", "description": "NASA will hold a virtual media briefing at 2 p.m. EDT Tuesday, Sept. 28, to preview the launch of the agency’s first spacecraft to study Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids. The Trojan asteroids are remnants of the early solar system clustered in two “swarms” leading and following Jupiter in its path around the Sun.The live briefing will stream on NASA Television, the agency's website, NASA’s Twitter account and the NASA App.Participants in Tuesday's briefing will include:• Alana Johnson, Senior Communications Specialist, NASA Planetary Science Division• Lori Glaze, director of NASA's Planetary Science Division at NASA Headquarters in Washington.• Hal Levison, Lucy Principal Investigator, Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado.• Keith Noll, Lucy Project Scientist, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. • Rich Lipe, Lockheed Marin Spacecraft Program Manager, Denver, Colorado. • Donya Douglas-Bradshaw, Lucy Project Manager, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.Over its 12-year primary mission, Lucy will explore a record number of asteroids in separate orbits around the Sun. The spacecraft will fly by one asteroid in the solar system’s main belt, located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, followed by seven Trojans. In addition, Lucy’s path will circle back to Earth three times for gravity assists, making it the first spacecraft ever to travel out to the distance of Jupiter and return to the vicinity of Earth.The Lucy mission is named after the fossilized skeleton of an early hominin (pre-human ancestor) discovered in Ethiopia in 1974 and named “Lucy” by the team of paleoanthropologists who discovered it. Just as the Lucy fossil provided unique insights into humanity’s evolution, the Lucy mission promises to revolutionize our knowledge of planetary origins and the formation of the solar system.Lucy is scheduled to launch no earlier than Saturday, Oct. 16, on a United Launch Alliance Atlas V 401 rocket from Space Launch Complex-41 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida.Southwest Research Institute is the home institution of the principal investigator. NASA Goddard Space provides overall mission management, systems engineering, plus safety and mission assurance. Lockheed Martin Space built the spacecraft. Lucy is the 13th mission in NASA’s Discovery Program. NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, manages the Discovery Program for the Science Mission Directorate. The launch is managed by NASA’s Launch Services Program based at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.For more information about Lucy, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/lucy || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 10662, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10662/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2021-04-14T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Webb Science Simulations: Planetary Systems and Origins of Life", "description": "Supercomputer simulations of planeratry evolution. Part 1: Turbulent Molecular Cloud Nebula with Protostellar ObjectsThe Advanced Visualization Laboratory (AVL) at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) collaborated with NASA and Drs. Alexei Kritsuk and Michael Norman to visualize a computational data set of a turbulent molecular cloud nebula forming protostellar objects and accretion disks approximately 100 AU in diameter, on the order of the size of our solar system. AVL used its Amore software to interpolate and render the Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) simulation generated from ENZO code for cosmology and astrophysics. The AMR simulation was developed by Drs. Kritsuk and Norman at the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics. The AMR simulation generated more than 2 terabytes of data and follows star formation processes in a self-gravitating turbulent molecular cloud with a dynamic range of half-a-million in linear scale, resolving both the large-scale filamentary structure of the molecular cloud (~5 parsec) and accretion disks around emerging young protostellar objects (down to 2 AU). Part 2: Protoplanetary Disk and Planet FormationThe Advanced Visualization Laboratory (AVL) at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) collaborated with NASA and Dr. Aaron Boley to visualize the 16,000 year evolution of a young, isolated protoplanetary disk which surrounds a newly-formed protostar. The disk forms spiral arms and a dense clump as a result of gravitational collapse. Dr. Aaron Boley developed this computational model to investigate the response of young disks to mass accretion from their surrounding envelopes, including the direct formation of planets and brown dwarfs through gravitational instability. The main formation mechanism for gas giant planets has been debated within the scientific community for over a decade. One of these theories is 'direct formation through gravitational instability.' If the self-gravity of the gas overwhelms the disk's thermal pressure and the stabilizing effect of differential rotation, the gas closest to the protostar rotates faster than gas farther away. In this scenario, regions of the gaseous disk collapse and form a planet directly. The study, presented in Boley (2009), explores whether mass accretion in the outer regions of disks can lead to such disk fragmentation. The simulations show that clumps can form in situ at large disk radii. If the clumps survive, they can become gas giants on wide orbits, e.g., Fomalhaut b, or even more massive objects called brown dwarfs. Whether a disk forms planets at large radii and, if so, the number of planets that form, depend on how much of the envelope mass is distributed at large distances from the protostar. The results of the simulations suggest that there are two modes of gas giant planet formation. The first mode occurs early in the disk's lifetime, at large radii, and through the disk instability mechanism. After the main accretion phase is over, gas giants can form in the inner disk, over a period of a million years, through the core accretion mechanism, which researchers are addressing in other studies.Thanks to R. H. Durisen, L. Mayer, and G. Lake for comments and discussions relating to this research. This study was supported in part by the University of Zurich, Institute for Theoretical Physics, and by a Swiss Federal Grant. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center.AVL at NCSA, University of Illinois. || ", "hits": 371 }, { "id": 13794, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13794/", "result_type": "Infographic", "release_date": "2021-02-12T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA’s TESS Finds New Worlds in a River of Stars", "description": "This illustration sketches out the main features of TOI 451, a triple-planet system located 400 light-years away in the constellation Eridanus.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center || TOI_451_infographic_1920.png (1920x1080) [2.6 MB] || TOI_451_infographic_1920_print.jpg (1024x576) [129.4 KB] || TOI_451_infographic_3840.png (3840x2160) [8.2 MB] || TOI_451_infographic_1920_searchweb.png (320x180) [73.0 KB] || TOI_451_infographic_1920_thm.png (80x40) [6.5 KB] || ", "hits": 334 }, { "id": 40413, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/earth-science-playlist/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2020-04-01T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth Science Playlist", "description": "No description available.", "hits": 10 }, { "id": 13160, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13160/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2019-04-03T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hubble Archive - Servicing Mission 4, STS-125", "description": "Hubble's fifth and final servicing mission, Servicing Mission 4, launched on May 11, 2009 on Space Shuttle Atlantis as part of the STS-125 mission.During SM4, two new scientific instruments were installed – the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) and Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). Two failed instruments, the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), were brought back to life by the first ever on-orbit repairs. With these efforts, Hubble has been brought to the apex of its scientific capabilities. To prolong Hubble's life, new batteries, new gyroscopes, a new science computer, a refurbished fine guidance sensor and new insulation on three electronics bays were also installed over the 12-day mission with five spacewalks. || ", "hits": 152 }, { "id": 4663, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4663/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-07-27T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth's Magnetosphere", "description": "A simple visualization of Earth's magnetosphere near the time of the equinox. || Earth_Equinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1000_print.jpg (1024x576) [139.2 KB] || Earth_Equinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1000_searchweb.png (320x180) [91.9 KB] || Earth_Equinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1000_thm.png (80x40) [6.1 KB] || Equinox_Dayside-noglyph (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Earth_Equinox_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [13.0 MB] || Earth_Equinox_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [240.4 MB] || Equinox_Dayside-noglyph (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Earth_Equinox_Dayside_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [642.0 MB] || Earth_Equinox_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [199 bytes] || ", "hits": 224 }, { "id": 4664, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4664/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-07-27T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Jupiter's Magnetosphere", "description": "Jupiter's magnetosphere - a basic view. || Jupiter_JupiterBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1000_print.jpg (1024x576) [245.3 KB] || Jupiter_JupiterBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1000_searchweb.png (320x180) [132.5 KB] || Jupiter_JupiterBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1000_thm.png (80x40) [8.3 KB] || JupiterBasic-noglyph (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Jupiter_JupiterBasic_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [32.8 MB] || Jupiter_JupiterBasic_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [406.6 MB] || JupiterBasic-noglyph (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Jupiter_JupiterBasic_Dayside_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [984.8 MB] || Jupiter_JupiterBasic_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [206 bytes] || ", "hits": 244 }, { "id": 4665, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4665/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-07-27T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Saturn's Magnetosphere", "description": "A basic view of Saturn's magnetosphere. || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_print.jpg (1024x576) [186.2 KB] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_searchweb.png (320x180) [107.8 KB] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_thm.png (80x40) [7.1 KB] || SaturnBasic-noglyph (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [22.1 MB] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [365.5 MB] || SaturnBasic-noglyph (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [938.9 MB] || Saturn_SaturnBasic_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow || ", "hits": 131 }, { "id": 4666, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4666/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-07-27T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Uranus' Magnetosphere", "description": "A basic view of the Uranian magnetosphere when the rotation axis is perpendicular to the Uranus-Sun line and days and nights are of equal duration. || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_print.jpg (1024x576) [197.1 KB] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_searchweb.png (320x180) [107.3 KB] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_thm.png (80x40) [6.8 KB] || UranusEquinox-noglyph (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [20.9 MB] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [308.1 MB] || UranusEquinox-noglyph (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [758.5 MB] || Uranus_UranusEquinox_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [206 bytes] || ", "hits": 131 }, { "id": 4667, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4667/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-07-27T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Neptune's Magnetosphere", "description": "A basic view of the Neptunian magnetosphere when the southern side of the rotation axis is directed sunward (southern summer) || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_print.jpg (1024x576) [195.5 KB] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_searchweb.png (320x180) [108.2 KB] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.slate_BaseRig.HD1080i.1500_thm.png (80x40) [6.8 KB] || NeptuneSouthSummer-noglyph (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [21.4 MB] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [328.8 MB] || NeptuneSouthSummer-noglyph (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [820.2 MB] || Neptune_NeptuneSouthSummer_Dayside.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [212 bytes] || ", "hits": 259 }, { "id": 12739, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12739/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-10-06T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "100 Lunar Days - Parts I and II", "description": "In October 2017, The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter celebrates 100 lunar days of being at the Moon. Part 1 of this video series helps explain what a \"lunar day\" is, and what it means for the spacecraft's mission to have been at the Moon for this period of time.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Music provided by Killer Tracks: \"Time is Running\" - Dirk Ehlert, Guillermo De La Barreda; \"Buckaroo Instrumental\" - Alan Gold & Fiona Hamilton. || 100LunarDaysTitlecard-PT1_print.jpg (1024x576) [92.7 KB] || 100LunarDaysTitlecard-PT1_searchweb.png (320x180) [55.3 KB] || 100LunarDaysTitlecard-PT1_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || 100_Lunar_Days-Part1-YouTubeHD.mp4 (1920x1080) [216.9 MB] || 100_Lunar_Days-Part1-MASTER.mov (1920x1080) [1.6 GB] || 100_Lunar_Days-Part1-Facebook.mp4 (1280x720) [181.7 MB] || 100_Lunar_Days-Part1-Twitter.mp4 (1280x720) [32.6 MB] || 100LunarDaysTitlecard-PT1.tif (1920x1080) [9.8 MB] || 100_Lunar_Days-Part1-YouTubeHD.webm (1920x1080) [16.5 MB] || 100LunarDays-Part1-Captions.en_US.srt [2.9 KB] || 100LunarDays-Part1-Captions.en_US.vtt [2.9 KB] || ", "hits": 667 }, { "id": 4143, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4143/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-07-12T10:01:00-04:00", "title": "Saturn's Magnetosphere", "description": "Earth's magnetic field creates a 'bubble' around Earth that helps protect our planet from some of the more harmful effects of energetic particles streaming out from the sun in the solar wind. Some of the earliest hints of this interaction go back to the 1850s with the work of Richard Carrington, and in the early 1900s with the work of Kristian Birkeland and Carl Stormer. That this field might form a type of 'bubble' around Earth was hypothesized by Sidney Chapman and Vincent Ferraro in the 1930s. The term 'magnetosphere' was applied to magnetic bubble by Thomas Gold in 1959. But it wasn't until the Space Age, when we sent the first probes to other planets, that we found clear evidence of their magnetic fields (though there were hints of a magnetic field for Jupiter in the 1950s, due to observations from radio telescopes). The Voyager program , two spacecraft launched in 1977, and successors to the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions, completed flybys of the giant outer planets. They became the implementation of the 'Grand Tour' of the outer planets originally proposed in the late 1960s. The Voyagers provided some of the first detailed measurments of the strength, extent and diversity of the magnetospheres of the outer planets.In these visualizations, we present simplified models of these planetary magnetospheres, designed to illustrate their scale, and basic features of their structure and impacts of the magnetic axes offset from the planetary rotation axes. For these visualizations, the magnetic field structure is represented by gold/copper lines. Some additional glyphs are provided to indicate some key directions in the field model.The Yellow arrow points towards the sun. The magnetotail is pointed in the opposite direction.The Cyan arrow represents the magnetic axis, usually tilted relative to the rotation axis. The arrow indicates the NORTH magnetic pole (convention has field lines moving north to south as the north pole of bar magnet (and compass pointer) points to the south magnetic pole).The Blue arrow represents the north rotation axis. It is part of the 3-D axis glyph (red, green, and blue arrows) included to make the planetary rotation more apparent.The semi-transparent grey mesh in the distance represents the boundary of the magnetosphere.Major satellites of the planetary system are also included. When appropriate for the time window of the visualization, the Voyager flyby trajectories are indicated.The models are constructed by combining the fields of a simple magnetic dipole, a current sheet (whose intensity is tuned match the scale of the magnetotail), and occasionally a ring current. This is a variation of the simple Luhmann-Friesen magnetosphere model. They are meant to be representative of the basic characteristics of the planetary magnetic fields. Some features NOT included are longitudes of magnetic poles to a standard planetary coordinate system and offsets of the dipole center from the planetary center. ReferencesT. Gold, Motions in the Magnetosphere of the EarthLuhmann & Friesen, A simple model of the magnetosphereLASP: Polarity of planetary magnetic fieldsWikipedia: The Solar Storm of 1859Wikipedia: Kristian BirkelandWikipedia: Carl StørmerSpecial thanks to Arik Posner (NASA/HQ) and Gina DiBraccio (UMBC/GSFC) for helpful pointers on orientation of planetary rotation and magnetic axes. || ", "hits": 112 }, { "id": 4141, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4141/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-07-12T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth's Magnetosphere", "description": "Earth's magnetic field creates a 'bubble' around Earth that helps protect our planet from some of the more harmful effects of energetic particles streaming out from the sun in the solar wind. Some of the earliest hints of this interaction go back to the 1850s with the work of Richard Carrington, and in the early 1900s with the work of Kristian Birkeland and Carl Stormer. That this field might form a type of 'bubble' around Earth was hypothesized by Sidney Chapman and Vincent Ferraro in the 1930s. The term 'magnetosphere' was applied to magnetic bubble by Thomas Gold in 1959. But it wasn't until the Space Age, when we sent the first probes to other planets, that we found clear evidence of their magnetic fields (though there were hints of a magnetic field for Jupiter in the 1950s, due to observations from radio telescopes). The Voyager program , two spacecraft launched in 1977, and successors to the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions, completed flybys of the giant outer planets. They became the implementation of the 'Grand Tour' of the outer planets originally proposed in the late 1960s. The Voyagers provided some of the first detailed measurments of the strength, extent and diversity of the magnetospheres of the outer planets.In these visualizations, we present simplified models of these planetary magnetospheres, designed to illustrate their scale, and basic features of their structure and impacts of the magnetic axes offset from the planetary rotation axes. For this Earth visualization, note that the north magnetic pole points out of the southern hemisphere.For these visualizations, the magnetic field structure is represented by gold/copper lines. Some additional glyphs are provided to indicate some key directions in the field model.The Yellow arrow points towards the sun. The magnetotail is pointed in the opposite direction.The Cyan arrow represents the magnetic axis, usually tilted relative to the rotation axis. The arrow indicates the NORTH magnetic pole (convention has field lines moving north to south as the north pole of bar magnet (and compass pointer) points to the south magnetic pole).The Blue arrow represents the north rotation axis. It is part of the 3-D axis glyph (red, green, and blue arrows) included to make the planetary rotation more apparent.The semi-transparent grey mesh in the distance represents the boundary of the magnetosphere.Major satellites of the planetary system are also included. When appropriate for the time window of the visualization, the Voyager flyby trajectories are indicated.The models are constructed by combining the fields of a simple magnetic dipole, a current sheet (whose intensity is tuned match the scale of the magnetotail), and occasionally a ring current. This is a variation of the simple Luhmann-Friesen magnetosphere model. They are meant to be representative of the basic characteristics of the planetary magnetic fields. Some features NOT included are longitudes of magnetic poles to a standard planetary coordinate system and offsets of the dipole center from the planetary center. ReferencesT. Gold, Motions in the Magnetosphere of the EarthLuhmann and Friesen, A simple model of the magnetosphereLASP: Polarity of planetary magnetic fieldsWikipedia: The Solar Storm of 1859Wikipedia: Kristian BirkelandWikipedia: Carl StørmerSpecial thanks to Arik Posner (NASA/HQ) and Gina DiBraccio (UMBC/GSFC) for helpful pointers on orientation of planetary rotation and magnetic axes. || ", "hits": 214 }, { "id": 4142, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4142/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-07-12T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Jupiter's Magnetosphere", "description": "Earth's magnetic field creates a 'bubble' around Earth that helps protect our planet from some of the more harmful effects of energetic particles streaming out from the sun in the solar wind. Some of the earliest hints of this interaction go back to the 1850s with the work of Richard Carrington, and in the early 1900s with the work of Kristian Birkeland and Carl Stormer. That this field might form a type of 'bubble' around Earth was hypothesized by Sidney Chapman and Vincent Ferraro in the 1930s. The term 'magnetosphere' was applied to magnetic bubble by Thomas Gold in 1959. But it wasn't until the Space Age, when we sent the first probes to other planets, that we found clear evidence of their magnetic fields (though there were hints of a magnetic field for Jupiter in the 1950s, due to observations from radio telescopes). The Voyager program , two spacecraft launched in 1977, and successors to the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions, completed flybys of the giant outer planets. They became the implementation of the 'Grand Tour' of the outer planets originally proposed in the late 1960s. The Voyagers provided some of the first detailed measurments of the strength, extent and diversity of the magnetospheres of the outer planets.In these visualizations, we present simplified models of these planetary magnetospheres, designed to illustrate their scale, and basic features of their structure and impacts of the magnetic axes offset from the planetary rotation axes. The volcanic activity on Jupiter's moon Io launches a large amount of sulfur-based compounds along its orbit, which is subsequently ionized by solar ultraviolet radiation. This is represented in the visualization by the yellowish structure along the orbit of Io. This creates a plasma torus and ring current around Jupiter, which alters the planet's magnetic field, forming some of the perturbations in Jupiter's magnetic field along the orbit of Io.For these visualizations, the magnetic field structure is represented by gold/copper lines. Some additional glyphs are provided to indicate some key directions in the field model.The Yellow arrow points towards the sun. The magnetotail is pointed in the opposite direction.The Cyan arrow represents the magnetic axis, usually tilted relative to the rotation axis. The arrow indicates the NORTH magnetic pole (convention has field lines moving north to south as the north pole of bar magnet (and compass pointer) points to the south magnetic pole).The Blue arrow represents the north rotation axis. It is part of the 3-D axis glyph (red, green, and blue arrows) included to make the planetary rotation more apparent.The semi-transparent grey mesh in the distance represents the boundary of the magnetosphere.Major satellites of the planetary system are also included. When appropriate for the time window of the visualization, the Voyager flyby trajectories are indicated.The models are constructed by combining the fields of a simple magnetic dipole, a current sheet (whose intensity is tuned match the scale of the magnetotail), and occasionally a ring current. This is a variation of the simple Luhmann-Friesen magnetosphere model. They are meant to be representative of the basic characteristics of the planetary magnetic fields. Some features NOT included are longitudes of magnetic poles to a standard planetary coordinate system and offsets of the dipole center from the planetary center. ReferencesT. Gold, Motions in the Magnetosphere of the EarthLuhmann and Friesen, A simple model of the magnetosphereLASP: Polarity of planetary magnetic fieldsWikipedia: The Solar Storm of 1859Wikipedia: Kristian BirkelandWikipedia: Carl StørmerSpecial thanks to Arik Posner (NASA/HQ) and Gina DiBraccio (UMBC/GSFC) for helpful pointers on orientation of planetary rotation and magnetic axes. || ", "hits": 339 }, { "id": 4144, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4144/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-07-12T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Uranus' Magnetosphere", "description": "Earth's magnetic field creates a 'bubble' around Earth that helps protect our planet from some of the more harmful effects of energetic particles streaming out from the sun in the solar wind. Some of the earliest hints of this interaction go back to the 1850s with the work of Richard Carrington, and in the early 1900s with the work of Kristian Birkeland and Carl Stormer. That this field might form a type of 'bubble' around Earth was hypothesized by Sidney Chapman and Vincent Ferraro in the 1930s. The term 'magnetosphere' was applied to magnetic bubble by Thomas Gold in 1959. But it wasn't until the Space Age, when we sent the first probes to other planets, that we found clear evidence of their magnetic fields (though there were hints of a magnetic field for Jupiter in the 1950s, due to observations from radio telescopes). The Voyager program , two spacecraft launched in 1977, and successors to the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions, completed flybys of the giant outer planets. They became the implementation of the 'Grand Tour' of the outer planets originally proposed in the late 1960s. The Voyagers provided some of the first detailed measurments of the strength, extent and diversity of the magnetospheres of the outer planets.In these visualizations, we present simplified models of these planetary magnetospheres, designed to illustrate their scale, and basic features of their structure and impacts of the magnetic axes offset from the planetary rotation axes. The rotation axis of Uranus is tilted over ninety degrees relative to the revolution axis of the solar system, placing it roughly in the plane of the solar system. In addition, the magnetic axis has a large tilt relative to the rotation axis. These effects combine to not only give Uranus a more a more variable magnetosphere, but suggest the planet's magnetic field may be generated by a different mechanism than that of Earth, Jupiter and Saturn.For these visualizations, the magnetic field structure is represented by gold/copper lines. Some additional glyphs are provided to indicate some key directions in the field model.The Yellow arrow points towards the sun. The magnetotail is pointed in the opposite direction.The Cyan arrow represents the magnetic axis, usually tilted relative to the rotation axis. The arrow indicates the NORTH magnetic pole (convention has field lines moving north to south as the north pole of bar magnet (and compass pointer) points to the south magnetic pole).The Blue arrow represents the north rotation axis. It is part of the 3-D axis glyph (red, green, and blue arrows) included to make the planetary rotation more apparent.The semi-transparent grey mesh in the distance represents the boundary of the magnetosphere.Major satellites of the planetary system are also included. When appropriate for the time window of the visualization, the Voyager flyby trajectories are indicated.The models are constructed by combining the fields of a simple magnetic dipole, a current sheet (whose intensity is tuned match the scale of the magnetotail), and occasionally a ring current. This is a variation of the simple Luhmann-Friesen magnetosphere model. They are meant to be representative of the basic characteristics of the planetary magnetic fields. Some features NOT included are longitudes of magnetic poles to a standard planetary coordinate system and offsets of the dipole center from the planetary center. ReferencesT. Gold, Motions in the Magnetosphere of the EarthLuhmann & Friesen, A simple model of the magnetosphereMagnetic reconnection at Uranus' magnetopauseLASP: Polarity of planetary magnetic fieldsWikipedia: The Solar Storm of 1859Wikipedia: Kristian BirkelandWikipedia: Carl StørmerSpecial thanks to Arik Posner (NASA/HQ) and Gina DiBraccio (UMBC/GSFC) for helpful pointers on orientation of planetary rotation and magnetic axes. || ", "hits": 511 }, { "id": 4145, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4145/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-07-12T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Neptune's Magnetosphere", "description": "Earth's magnetic field creates a 'bubble' around Earth that helps protect our planet from some of the more harmful effects of energetic particles streaming out from the sun in the solar wind. Some of the earliest hints of this interaction go back to the 1850s with the work of Richard Carrington, and in the early 1900s with the work of Kristian Birkeland and Carl Stormer. That this field might form a type of 'bubble' around Earth was hypothesized by Sidney Chapman and Vincent Ferraro in the 1930s. The term 'magnetosphere' was applied to magnetic bubble by Thomas Gold in 1959. But it wasn't until the Space Age, when we sent the first probes to other planets, that we found clear evidence of their magnetic fields (though there were hints of a magnetic field for Jupiter in the 1950s, due to observations from radio telescopes). The Voyager program , two spacecraft launched in 1977, and successors to the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions, completed flybys of the giant outer planets. They became the implementation of the 'Grand Tour' of the outer planets originally proposed in the late 1960s. The Voyagers provided some of the first detailed measurments of the strength, extent and diversity of the magnetospheres of the outer planets.In these visualizations, we present simplified models of these planetary magnetospheres, designed to illustrate their scale, and basic features of their structure and impacts of the magnetic axes offset from the planetary rotation axes. The rotation axis of Neptune is highly tilted relative to the revolution axis of the solar system, but nowhere near as extreme as Uranus. It's magnetic axis also has a large tilt relative to the rotation axis. These effects combine to not only give Uranus a more a more variable magnetosphere, but suggest the planet's magnetic field may be generated by a different mechanism than that of Earth, Jupiter and Saturn.For these visualizations, the magnetic field structure is represented by gold/copper lines. Some additional glyphs are provided to indicate some key directions in the field model.The Yellow arrow points towards the sun. The magnetotail is pointed in the opposite direction.The Cyan arrow represents the magnetic axis, usually tilted relative to the rotation axis. The arrow indicates the NORTH magnetic pole (convention has field lines moving north to south as the north pole of bar magnet (and compass pointer) points to the south magnetic pole).The Blue arrow represents the north rotation axis. It is part of the 3-D axis glyph (red, green, and blue arrows) included to make the planetary rotation more apparent.The semi-transparent grey mesh in the distance represents the boundary of the magnetosphere.Major satellites of the planetary system are also included. When appropriate for the time window of the visualization, the Voyager flyby trajectories are indicated.The models are constructed by combining the fields of a simple magnetic dipole, a current sheet (whose intensity is tuned match the scale of the magnetotail), and occasionally a ring current. This is a variation of the simple Luhmann-Friesen magnetosphere model. They are meant to be representative of the basic characteristics of the planetary magnetic fields. Some features NOT included are longitudes of magnetic poles to a standard planetary coordinate system and offsets of the dipole center from the planetary center. ReferencesT. Gold, Motions in the Magnetosphere of the EarthLuhmann & Friesen, A simple model of the magnetosphereMagnetic reconnection at Neptune's magnetopauseLASP: Polarity of planetary magnetic fieldsWikipedia: The Solar Storm of 1859Wikipedia: Kristian BirkelandWikipedia: Carl StørmerSpecial thanks to Arik Posner (NASA/HQ) and Gina DiBraccio (UMBC/GSFC) for helpful pointers on orientation of planetary rotation and magnetic axes. || ", "hits": 329 }, { "id": 4559, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4559/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-04-27T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Kepler Stares at Neptune", "description": "In late 2014 and early 2015, NASA's Kepler telescope observed the eighth planet in our solar system, Neptune. Kepler detected Neptune's daily rotation, the movement of clouds, and even minute changes in the sun's brightness, paving the way for future studies of weather and climate beyond our solar system. Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Music Provided by Killer Tracks:\"Lost Contact\" – Adam Salkeld & Neil Pollard\"Processing Thoughts\" – Theo Golding || Neptune-Triton-Zoom-Thumbnail.jpg (1920x1080) [1.2 MB] || 4559_Kepler_Neptune_Twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [30.6 MB] || WEBM-4559_Kepler_Neptune_APR.webm (960x540) [58.6 MB] || Neptune-Triton-Zoom-Thumbnail_Big.tiff (1920x1080) [11.9 MB] || 4559_Kepler_Neptune_Facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [173.0 MB] || 4559_Kepler_Neptune_Captions_Output.en_US.srt [2.8 KB] || 4559_Kepler_Neptune_Captions_Output.en_US.vtt [2.9 KB] || 4559_Kepler_Neptune_APR.mov (1920x1080) [1.9 GB] || 4559_Kepler_Neptune_APR_4444.mov (1920x1080) [4.1 GB] || 4559_Kepler_Neptune_APR.mov.hwshow [205 bytes] || ", "hits": 155 }, { "id": 12021, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12021/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-10-13T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hubble Maps Jupiter in 4k Ultra HD", "description": "New imagery from the Hubble Space Telescope is revealing details never before seen on Jupiter. Hubble’s new Jupiter maps were used to create this Ultra HD animation.Watch this video on the NASA Explorer YouTube channel. || JupiterThumbnailSmall.png (2160x1215) [1.4 MB] || G2015-085_Jupiter720_MASTER_appletv_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [39.0 MB] || G2015-085_Jupiter720_MASTER_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [39.0 MB] || WEBM_G2015-085_Jupiter4k_MASTER_YouTube.webm (960x540) [28.5 MB] || G2015-085_Jupiter720_MASTER.mp4 (1280x720) [98.9 MB] || G2015-085_Jupiter720_MASTER_nasa_tv.mpeg (1280x720) [249.3 MB] || G2015-085_Jupiter720_MASTER_prores.mov (1280x720) [917.9 MB] || G2015-085_Jupiter720_MASTER.en_US.srt [98 bytes] || G2015-085_Jupiter720_MASTER.en_US.vtt [111 bytes] || G2015-085_Jupiter720_.key [41.8 MB] || G2015-085_Jupiter720_.pptx [39.3 MB] || G2015-085_Jupiter720_MASTER_12021.key [41.7 MB] || G2015-085_Jupiter720_MASTER_12021.pptx [39.3 MB] || G2015-085_Jupiter4k_MASTER_YouTube.mp4 (3840x2160) [495.9 MB] || G2015-085_Jupiter4k_MASTER.mov (3840x2160) [4.5 GB] || G2015-085_Jupiter4k_MASTER_YouTube.hwshow [94 bytes] || G2015-085_Jupiter720_MASTER_appletv.m4v.hwshow [88 bytes] || ", "hits": 1033 }, { "id": 40111, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/astro-star/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2015-09-18T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Astrophysics Star Listing", "description": "No description available.", "hits": 195 }, { "id": 11817, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11817/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-03-20T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "TESS Mission Trailer", "description": "This video is a trailer of the upcoming TESS mission. || Screen_Shot_2015-03-19_at_6.13.34_PM.png (1271x715) [803.1 KB] || Screen_Shot_2015-03-19_at_6.13.34_PM_searchweb.png (180x320) [69.7 KB] || Screen_Shot_2015-03-19_at_6.13.34_PM_web.png (320x180) [69.7 KB] || Screen_Shot_2015-03-19_at_6.13.34_PM_thm.png (80x40) [11.1 KB] || TESS_Final_youtube_hq.mov (1280x720) [52.6 MB] || TESS_Final.mov (1280x720) [1.3 GB] || TESS_Final_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [47.4 MB] || TESS_Final_appletv.m4v (960x540) [44.6 MB] || TESS_Final_appletv.webm (960x540) [13.1 MB] || TESS_Final_appletv_subtitles.m4v (960x540) [44.6 MB] || TESS_Final_nasaportal.mov (640x360) [39.1 MB] || TESS_Final_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [18.9 MB] || TESS.en_US.srt [1.3 KB] || TESS_Final_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [9.7 MB] || ", "hits": 115 }, { "id": 4217, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4217/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-10-08T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Coordinated Earth: Measuring Space in the Near-Earth Environment", "description": "When we operate satellites in space, they are often taking measurements along the locations of their travel. As with many measurements, they are only useful if they can be placed in the proper context - their relationship to other measurements at the same, and different, locations. To assemble these measurements within context, we also need to know where and when the measurements were taken, and to do that, we need to define a coordinate system.In three-dimensional space, we define a position with three numbers, relative to a point we define as the Origin of the coordinate system, defined as (0,0,0). Each number represents a distance from the origin along one of three directions. We usually defined these directions by axes, labelled X, Y, and Z, which are defined to be mutually perpendicular, each one is at right angles to the others.While all coordinate systems are equal, all coordinate systems are not equally convenient for a given problem of interest. Sometimes the data and mathematics we use for exploring different problems can be more complex in one coordinate system or another. To simplify this, we often define a number of different coordinate systems and ways to do transformations between them.In studying the space environment around Earth, we find five different coordinate systems of use. Geocentric (GEO): This is the coordinate system useful for measuring things close to Earth’s surface. The origin is chosen at the center of Earth. The x-axis points from the center of Earth through the Prime Meridian (by convention chosen as the meridian in Greenwich, London, UK (longitude = 0). The z-axis points towards the north geographic pole. Geocentric Earth Inertial (GEI): This coordinate system is fixed relative to the distant stars, so Earth rotates about the z-axis relative to it. The origin of this coordinate system is at the center of the Earth. The x-axis points to the first point in Aries (Wikipedia: Vernal Equinox) and the z-axis points to the north geographic & celestial pole. The direction of the celestial pole changes due to Earth’s rotational precession (Wikipedia). Geocentric Solar Ecliptic (GSE): The origin is at the center of the Earth. The x-axis is along the line between Earth and the Sun. The z-axis is the north ecliptic pole and is fixed in direction (but for slow changes due to Earth orbital changes). Solar Magnetic (SM): the origin is at the center of the Earth. The z-axis is chosen parallel to the Earth magnetic dipole axis. The y-axis is chosen to be perpendicular to the z-axis and the Earth-Sun line (pointing towards dusk). Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric (GSM): The origin is at the center of the Earth. The x-axis is defined as the Earth-Sun line (same as in GSE). The y-axis is defined to be perpendicular to the plane containing the x-axis and the magnetic dipole axis so the magnetic axis always lies in this plane.Similar coordinate systems are defined for the Sun and other planets of the Solar System.Development Note: This visualization was originally developed to test coordinate system transformations in the visualization framework.References:C. T. Russell. \"Geophysical coordinate transformations\". Cosmical Electrodynamics 2, 184-196 (1971). URL.M.A. Hapgood. \"Space Physics Coordinate Transformations: A User Guide\". Planetary & Space Science, 40, 711-717.(1992). URLSPENVIS Help Pages: Coordinate Systems and transformations || ", "hits": 211 }, { "id": 40115, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/space-weather/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2011-12-01T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Space Weather", "description": "The term \"space weather\" was coined not long ago to describe the dynamic conditions in the Earth's outer space environment, in the same way that \"weather\" and \"climate\" refer to conditions in Earth's lower atmosphere. Space weather includes any and all conditions and events on the sun, in the solar wind, in near-Earth space and in our upper atmosphere that can affect space-borne and ground-based technological systems and through these, human life and endeavor. Heliophysics is the science of space weather.\r\n\r\nThis gallery organizes satellite footage, animations, visualizations, and edited videos produced at the Goddard Space Flight Center. Visualizations are different from pure animations because they are data-driven. They present a way of \"seeing\" the data. In the case of orbit visualizations, they are based on actual orbit information. Most of the animations and visualizations are available as frames and all the recent ones are HD quality. All videos are available in several formats and qualities including Apple ProRes for broadcast quality. Unless specifically marked otherwise, all these materials are public domain and free to use. For more infomation about NASA's media use guidelines see this page.\r\n\r\nThe content is organized in two ways. Under \"Facets of Space Weather\" you will find our visuals grouped by the subject they address. Under \"NASA Spacecraft\" you will find our visuals grouped by the satellite they were collected by, or that they refer to. This group also contains animations of the spacecraft themselves.\r\nFor breaking news solar events, go to this gallery.For frequently-asked-question interviews with NASA scientists, go here.", "hits": 146 }, { "id": 10871, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10871/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-11-11T09:00:00-05:00", "title": "Swift Captures Flyby of Asteroid 2005 YU55", "description": "As asteroid 2005 YU55 swept past Earth in the early morning hours of Wednesday, Nov. 9, telescopes aboard NASA's Swift satellite joined professional and amateur astronomers around the globe in monitoring the fast-moving space rock. The unique ultraviolet data will aid scientists in understanding the asteroid's surface composition.The challenge with 2005 YU55 was its rapid motion across the sky, which was much too fast for Swift to track. Instead, the team trained the spacecraft's optics at two locations along the asteroid's predicted path and let it streak through the field. The first exposure began a few hours after the asteroid's closest approach and fastest sky motion — near 9 p.m. EST on Nov. 8 — but failed to detect it.Six hours later, around 3 a.m. EST on Nov. 9, Swift began an exposure that captured the asteroid sweeping through the Great Square of the constellation Pegasus. The 11th- magnitude rock was then 333,000 miles away and moving at 24,300 mph, about an hour from its closest approach to the Moon. That exposure gave the Swift team more than a streak through the stars. \"A novel feature of Swift is the ability to go into a mode tracking the arrival of every photon captured by the instrument. With that information, we can reconstruct the asteroid as a point source moving through the Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope's field of view,\" said Neil Gehrels, lead scientist for Swift at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md.The 27-minute-long image was effectively sliced into short 10-second-long exposures, which then were combined into a movie. This allows scientists to study short-term brightness variations caused by the object's rotation.The result is a movie of 2005 YU55 at ultraviolet wavelengths unobtainable from ground-based telescopes. For planetary scientists, this movie is a treasure trove of data that will help them better understand how this asteroid is put together, information that may help make predictions of its motion more secure for centuries to come. The press release on NASA.gov is here. || ", "hits": 62 }, { "id": 3773, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3773/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-07-28T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Towers In The Tempest", "description": "Massive accumulations of heat pulled from the top layers of tropical ocean water and set spinning due to planetary rotation form a hurricane's spiraling vortex. But powering the inside of these storms we find one of nature's most astounding natural engines: hot towers. Scientists discovered hot towers in recent years by observing storms from space and creating advanced supercomputer models to decipher how a hurricane sustains its winding movement. The models show that when air spirals inward toward the eye of a hurricane it collides with an unstable region of air at the eyewall, where the strongest winds are found, and suddenly deflects upwards. This rush of warm, moist air is accelerated by surrounding patches of convective clouds, called hot towers, which strengthen and propel the hurricane by keeping the vertical ring of clouds in motion. Watch the first video below as NASA researchers look under the hood of these cloud super-engines to reveal exciting findings about a hurricane's internal motor. || ", "hits": 53 }, { "id": 10595, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10595/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-06-23T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ten Cool Things Seen in the First Year of LRO", "description": "Having officially reached lunar orbit on June 23nd, 2009, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has now marked one full year on its mission to scout the moon. Maps and datasets collected by LRO's state-of-the-art instruments will form the foundation for all future lunar exploration plans, as well as be critical to scientists working to better understand the moon and its environment. In only the first year of the mission, LRO has gathered more digital information than any previous planetary mission in history. To celebrate one year in orbit, here are ten cool things already observed by LRO. Note that the stories here are just a small sample of what the LRO team has released and barely touch on the major scientific accomplishments of the mission. If you like these, visit the official LRO web site at www.nasa.gov/LRO to find out even more! || ", "hits": 235 }, { "id": 40046, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/nasas-heliophysics-gallery/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2010-03-04T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA's Heliophysics Gallery", "description": "Heliophysics studies the nature of the Sun and how it influences the very nature of space and the planets and the technology that exists there. Learn more at nasa.gov/sun.", "hits": 217 }, { "id": 3609, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3609/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-09-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Rotation Period Comparison Between Earth and Jupiter", "description": "This animation illustrates the difference in the rotational period between the Earth and Jupiter. Earth rotates once in 24 hours; whereas, Jupiter rotates more quickly, taking only about 10 hours. This means that Jupiter rotates about 2 1/2 times faster than the Earth. However, Jupiter is about 11 times bigger than the Earth, so matter near the outer 'surface' of Jupiter is travelling much faster (about 30 times faster) than matter at the outer 'surface' of Earth.This visualization was created in support of the Science On a Sphere film called \"LARGEST\" which is about Jupiter. The visualziation was choreographed to fit into \"LARGEST\" as a layers intended to be composited. The 2 animations of Earth and Jupiter are match rendered so that if played back at the same frame rate (say 30 frames per second), the relative rotational speed differences will be accurate. An example composite is provided for reference; in this composite, only a portion of Jupiter is shown so that the relative sizes of the planets are also represented. The composited shot is designed to be repeated around the scienice on a sphere display several times. || ", "hits": 1616 }, { "id": 2971, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2971/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-08-13T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Galileo Earth Views (WMS)", "description": "The Galileo spacecraft was launched from the Space Shuttle Atlantis on October 18, 1989 on a six-year trip to Jupiter. On the way, the trajectory of the spacecraft took it past Venus once and Earth twice. Galileo took the Earth images in this animation just after the first flyby of the Earth, on December 11 and 12, 1990. This six-hour sequence of images taken two minutes apart clearly shows how the Earth looks from space and how fast (or slow) the cloud features change when looked at from a distance. The path of the sun can be seen crossing Australia by its reflection in the nearby ocean, and the terminator region between night and day can be seen moving across the Indian Ocean. In the original images, the Earth's rotation is so dominant that cloud movement is hard to see, but these images have been mapped to the Earth is such a way that a viewer can watch just the clouds move in the ocean around Antarctica or across the Australian land mass. In this animation, New Zealand can ony be seen as a stationary disturbance under a moving cloud bank. The black area with the sharp boundary to the north and east of Australia is the side of the Earth that could not be seen from Galileo's position. || ", "hits": 137 }, { "id": 20019, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20019/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2003-12-12T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Cold Water Upwelling", "description": "Deep Water Feast: Upwellings Bring Nutrients to The Surface- Large phytoplankton blooms tend to coincide with natural phenomena that drive cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface. The process is called upwelling. Here's what's happening: winds coming off principal land masses push surface layers of water away from the shore. Into the resulting wind-driven void deeper water underneath the surface layers rushes in toward the coast, bringing with it nutrients for life to bloom. It's different on the equator. There, water currents on either side of the hemispheric dividing line are generally moving in opposite directions — due to planetary rotation and the Coriolis effect. As those currents rush past each other they 'peel back' the surface of the ocean, creating a void for deeper water to rush into and take its place. || ", "hits": 223 }, { "id": 40116, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/jwst/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2000-01-01T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope", "description": "The James Webb Space Telescope (sometimes called JWST) is a large, infrared-optimized space telescope. The observatory launched into space on an Ariane 5 rocket from the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, French Guiana on December 25, 2021. After launch, the observatory was successfully unfolded and is being readied for science. \n\nWebb will find the first galaxies that formed in the early Universe, connecting the Big Bang to our own Milky Way Galaxy. Webb will peer through dusty clouds to see stars forming planetary systems, connecting the Milky Way to our own Solar System. Webb's instruments are designed to work primarily in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum, with some capability in the visible range.\n\nWebb has a large primary mirror, 6.5 meters (21.3 feet) in diameter and a sunshield the size of a tennis court. Both the mirror and sunshade are too large to fit onto the Ariane 5 rocket fully open, so both were folded which meant they needed to be unfolded in space. \n\nWebb is currently in its operational orbit about 1.5 million km (1 million miles) from the Earth at a location known as Lagrange Point 2 (L2).\n\nThe James Webb Space Telescope was named after the NASA Administrator who crafted the Apollo program, and who was a staunch supporter of space science.", "hits": 811 }, { "id": 79, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/79/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1995-06-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Lunar Rotation and Flyby from Clementine Data (with route map)", "description": "Clementine was a joint project between the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization and NASA. The objective of the mission was to test sensors and spacecraft components under extended exposure to the space environment and to make scientific observations of the Moon and the near-Earth asteroid 1620 Geographos. Clementine was launched on 25 January 1994 at 16:34 UTC (12:34 PM EDT) from Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan II G rocket. After two Earth flybys, lunar insertion was achieved on February 21. Lunar mapping took place over approximately two months, in two parts. The first part consisted of a 5 hour elliptical polar orbit with a perilune of about 400 km at 28 degrees S latitude. After one month of mapping the orbit was rotated to a perilune of 29 degrees N latitude, where it remained for one more month. This allowed global imaging as well as altimetry coverage from 60 degrees S to 60 degrees N. || ", "hits": 124 }, { "id": 80, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/80/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1995-06-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Lunar Rotation and Flyby from Clementine Data", "description": "Clementine was a joint project between the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization and NASA. The objective of the mission was to test sensors and spacecraft components under extended exposure to the space environment and to make scientific observations of the Moon and the near-Earth asteroid 1620 Geographos. Clementine was launched on 25 January 1994 at 16:34 UTC (12:34 PM EDT) from Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan II G rocket. After two Earth flybys, lunar insertion was achieved on February 21. Lunar mapping took place over approximately two months, in two parts. The first part consisted of a 5 hour elliptical polar orbit with a perilune of about 400 km at 28 degrees S latitude. After one month of mapping the orbit was rotated to a perilune of 29 degrees N latitude, where it remained for one more month. This allowed global imaging as well as altimetry coverage from 60 degrees S to 60 degrees N. || ", "hits": 68 } ] }