{ "count": 106, "next": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/api/search/?limit=100&offset=100&search=Ionosphere%2FMagnetosphere+Particles", "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 14956, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14956/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2026-01-26T16:00:00-05:00", "title": "Space Weather Effects Animations", "description": "Solar flares, coronal mass ejections, solar particle events, and the solar wind form the recipe for space weather that affects life on Earth and astronauts in space. A farmer stops their planting operations due to poor GPS signal for their autonomous tractor. A power grid manager changes the configuration of their network to ensure a blackout doesn’t occur due to voltage instability. A pilot switches to back-up communication equipment due to loss of high-frequency radio. A commercial internet company providing service to the military must change the orbit of their spacecraft to avoid a collision due to increased atmospheric drag.These are a few examples of the ways the Sun influences our everyday lives. This is what we define as space weather – the conditions of the space environment driven by the Sun and it’s impacts on objects in the solar system. Learn more about space weather: https://science.nasa.gov/space-weather-2/ || ", "hits": 405 }, { "id": 5609, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5609/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2026-01-26T05:00:00-05:00", "title": "Heliophysics Satellite Fleet - 2026", "description": "A tour of the NASA Heliophysics fleet from near-Earth satellites out to the Voyagers beyond the heliopause.", "hits": 557 }, { "id": 5555, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5555/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2025-07-15T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "TRACERS through Earth's Polar Cusps", "description": "Visualization of the orbit of the twin TRACERS (Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites) satellites that will explore the process of magnetic reconnection in Earth's polar regions and its effects on our atmosphere.", "hits": 148 }, { "id": 5443, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5443/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2024-12-17T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Heliophysics Sentinels 2024", "description": "There have been some changes since the 2022 Heliophysics Fleet. AIM and ICON have been decommissioned while two other instruments have been added. AWE is an instrument mounted on the ISS, and RAD is a particle detector on the Curiosity Mars rover. As of Winter 2024, here's a tour of the NASA Heliophysics fleet from the near-Earth satellites out to the Voyagers beyond the heliopause. || ", "hits": 76 }, { "id": 14628, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14628/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2024-08-28T11:30:00-04:00", "title": "Discovering Earth’s Third Global Energy Field", "description": "High above the Earth’s North and South Poles, a steady stream of particles escapes from our atmosphere into space. Scientists call this mysterious outflow the “polar wind,” and for almost 60 years, spacecraft have been flying through it as scientists have theorized about its cause. The leading theory was that a planet-wide electric field was drawing those particles up into space. But this so-called ambipolar electric field, if it exists, is so weak that all attempts to measure it have failed – until now.In 2022, scientists traveled to Svalbard, a small archipelago in Norway, to launch a rocket in an attempt to measure Earth’s ambipolar electric field for the first time. This was NASA’s Endurance rocketship mission, and this is its story.To learn more, visit: https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/nasa-discovers-long-sought-global-electric-field-on-earth/ || ", "hits": 332 }, { "id": 14542, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14542/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2024-03-05T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "EZIE – Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer", "description": "Slated to launch in 2025, NASA’s Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer (EZIE) will be the first mission to image the magnetic fingerprint of the auroral electrojets — intense electric currents flowing high above Earth’s poles that are central to the electrical circuit coupling the planet’s magnetosphere to its atmosphere.Led by the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), EZIE will use a trio of small satellites to characterize and record the electrojets’ structure over space and time. It will fill gaps in our understanding of this space weather phenomenon and provide findings that scientists can apply to other magnetized planets, both within and outside our solar system.Learn more:https://science.nasa.gov/mission/ezie/ || ", "hits": 94 }, { "id": 5200, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5200/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2023-12-11T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Mars Disappearing Solar Wind: MAVEN Visualizations", "description": "This data visualization depicts a period of decreased solar wind at Mars that occurred on December 25, 2022, causing the planet’s magnetosphere to expand outward. Ion velocity and density data collected by the MAVEN spacecraft is presented using a color-mapped satellite orbit tail and vectors along MAVEN’s orbit. || maven_solar_wind_comp.02715_print.jpg (1024x576) [84.4 KB] || maven_solar_wind_comp.02715_searchweb.png (320x180) [47.3 KB] || maven_solar_wind_comp.02715_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || maven_solar_wind_comp (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || maven_solar_wind_comp_2160p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [187.6 MB] || maven_solar_wind_comp_prores.mov (3840x2160) [10.1 GB] || ", "hits": 248 }, { "id": 14477, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14477/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2023-12-11T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "The Day the Solar Wind Disappeared from Mars", "description": "Learn about the “disappearance” of the solar wind at Mars that was witnessed by MAVEN – an event last seen nearly a quarter-century ago at Earth.Complete transcript available.Universal Production Music: “Space Museum” by Harry Gregson Williams [BMI], Atmosphere Music Ltd. [PRS]; “Currents and Crime Scenes” by Dylan Matthew Love and Harry Gregson Williams [BMI], Atmosphere Music Ltd. [PRS]Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_V4_print.jpg (1024x576) [142.7 KB] || MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_V4.jpg (1280x720) [459.3 KB] || MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_V4.png (1280x720) [800.2 KB] || MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_V4_searchweb.png (320x180) [69.9 KB] || MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_V4_thm.png (80x40) [6.5 KB] || 14477_MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_720.mp4 (1280x720) [43.4 MB] || 14477_MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [243.1 MB] || MavenSolarWindCaptionsV2.en_US.srt [3.8 KB] || MavenSolarWindCaptionsV2.en_US.vtt [3.6 KB] || 14477_MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_4K.mp4 (3840x2160) [3.0 GB] || 14477_MAVEN_Solar_Wind_Disappear_ProRes.mov (3840x2160) [20.7 GB] || ", "hits": 135 }, { "id": 4898, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4898/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-11-23T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Heliophysics Sentinels 2022", "description": "There has been one significant change since the 2020 Heliophysics Fleet. SET has been decommissioned. As of Fall 2022, here's a tour of the NASA Heliophysics fleet from the near-Earth satellites out to the Voyagers beyond the heliopause.Excepting the Voyager missions, the satellite orbits are color coded for their observing program:Magenta: TIM (Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere) observationsYellow: solar observations and imageryCyan: Geospace and magnetosphereViolet: Heliospheric observations || ", "hits": 50 }, { "id": 4917, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4917/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-11-29T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "ICON Snaps a Peek at the Ionospheric Dynamo", "description": "Visualization of ICON in Earth orbit, camera ahead of the spacecraft looking back on spacecraft and limb of Earth. Magenta curves are lines of Earth's geomagnetic field. Field-of-view (FOV) of MIGHTI imagers (green frustums) and the longitudinal wind vectors (green arrows) it measures are shown. MIGHTI imagers FOV eventually fades out. Vertical plasma speed (red arrows) is measured at the spacecraft. Magnetic field lines turn yellow as measurements of winds by MIGHT provide a connection to influence the plasma velocity measured at the spacecraft, redirecting the plasma flow from upward to downward. || ICONDataView.ICONSyncView+x_.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.000750_print.jpg (1024x576) [135.0 KB] || ICONDataView.ICONSyncView+x_.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.000750_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.4 KB] || ICONDataView.ICONSyncView+x_.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.000750_thm.png (80x40) [5.7 KB] || ICONSyncView+x (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || ICONDataView.ICONSyncView+x.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [36.4 MB] || ICONDataView.ICONSyncView+x.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [5.1 MB] || ICONSyncView+x (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ICONDataView.ICONSyncView+x.2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [114.3 MB] || ICONDataView.ICONSyncView+x.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow || ", "hits": 64 }, { "id": 14025, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14025/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2021-11-29T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "Strong Winds Power Electric Fields in the Upper Atmosphere", "description": "Using observations from NASA’s ICON mission, scientists presented the first direct measurements of Earth’s long-theorized dynamo on the edge of space: a wind-driven electrical generator that spans the globe 60-plus miles above our heads. The dynamo churns in the ionosphere, the electrically charged boundary between Earth and space. It’s powered by tidal winds in the upper atmosphere that are faster than most hurricanes and rise from the lower atmosphere, creating an electrical environment that can affect satellites and technology on Earth. The new work, published today in Nature Geoscience, improves our understanding of the ionosphere, which helps scientists better predict space weather and protect our technology from its effects.More information: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/strong-winds-power-electric-fields-in-upper-atmosphere-icon/ || ", "hits": 110 }, { "id": 4934, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4934/", "result_type": "Infographic", "release_date": "2021-09-01T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "Explore Auroras", "description": "One-page poster version. || Aurora_Infographic_print.jpg (1024x1592) [691.3 KB] || Aurora_Infographic.jpg (3859x6000) [4.7 MB] || Infographics and source components explaining auroras.PDF versions suitable for printing are linked below. || Long poster version. || Aurora_Infographic_Skinny.jpg (1185x9000) [2.1 MB] || Aurora_Infographic_Skinny_print.jpg (1024x7832) [2.0 MB] || ", "hits": 103 }, { "id": 4929, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4929/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-08-30T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "Comparing Atomic Oxygen Emission Observed by GOLD with Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC)", "description": "At 23:00UTC on November 19, 2018, we see the maxima of TEC values (red dots) closely aligned with the maxima of OI 135.6nm emission (black dots) || GOLD_TEC_anomalies_inset.00034_print.jpg (1024x576) [121.4 KB] || ", "hits": 42 }, { "id": 13853, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13853/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2021-05-07T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Solar Wind: A Heliophysics Sea Shanty (The Wellerman parody)", "description": "Parodying the classic sea shanty The Wellerman, \"The Solar Wind: A Heliophysics Sea Shanty\" illuminates one of the primary connections between the Sun and Earth, the solar wind. The Sun releases a constant outflow of magnetized material, known as the solar wind. The solar wind causes a cascade of effects on space and Earth. The most brilliant of these is the aurora, glowing light shows that provide a stunning example of the Sun-Earth connection. Find the latest NASA heliophysics research at nasa.gov/sunearth. || ", "hits": 119 }, { "id": 4887, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4887/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-03-01T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "Heliophysics Sentinels 2020 (Forecast Version)", "description": "In addition to the NASA missions used in research for space weather (see 2020 Heliophysics Fleet) there are additional missions operated by NOAA used for space weather forecasting. As of spring 2020, here's a tour of the NASA and NOAA Heliophysics fleets from the near-Earth satellites out to the inner solar system.The satellite orbits are color coded for their observing program:Magenta: TIM (Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere) observationsYellow: solar observations and imageryCyan: Geospace and magnetosphereViolet: Heliospheric observations || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 4822, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4822/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2020-09-15T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Heliophysics Sentinels 2020", "description": "There have been few changes since the 2018 Heliophysics Fleet. Van Allen Probes and SORCE have been decommissioned, while Solar Orbiter, ICON and SET have been added. As of spring 2020, here's a tour of the NASA Heliophysics fleet from the near-Earth satellites out to the Voyagers beyond the heliopause.Excepting the Voyager missions, the satellite orbits are color coded for their observing program:Magenta: TIM (Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere) observationsYellow: solar observations and imageryCyan: Geospace and magnetosphereViolet: Heliospheric observations || ", "hits": 31 }, { "id": 13687, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13687/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2020-08-14T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Spacecraft Uncover Mystery Behind Auroral Beads", "description": "A special type of aurora, draped east-west across the night sky like a glowing pearl necklace, is helping scientists better understand the science of auroras and their powerful drivers out in space. Known as auroral beads, these lights often show up just before large auroral displays, which are caused by electrical storms in space called substorms. Until now, scientists weren’t sure if auroral beads are somehow connected to other auroral displays as a phenomenon in space that precedes substorms, or if they are caused by disturbances closer to Earth’s atmosphere.But powerful new computer models, combined with observations from NASA’s Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms – THEMIS – mission, have provided the first direct evidence of the events in space that lead to the appearance of these beads, and demonstrated the important role they play in our local space environment. || ", "hits": 82 }, { "id": 4825, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4825/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2020-05-25T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "MAVEN – Mars and Solar Wind Simulation", "description": "This simulation depicts the solar wind interacting with the Mars upper atmosphere, with MAVEN's orbit embedded. || maven_cme44.03600_print.jpg (1024x512) [253.9 KB] || maven_cme44.03600_searchweb.png (320x180) [92.7 KB] || maven_cme44.03600_thm.png (80x40) [5.2 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (2048x1024) [0 Item(s)] || maven_cme44_1024p30.webm (2048x1024) [5.9 MB] || maven_cme44_1024p30.mp4 (2048x1024) [195.1 MB] || maven_cme44_1024p30.mp4.hwshow [58 bytes] || ", "hits": 51 }, { "id": 13342, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13342/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2020-02-03T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "MAVEN Explores Mars to Understand Radio Interference at Earth", "description": "The MAVEN mission explores Mars’ atmosphere to better study a phenomenon observed at Earth, known as “Sporadic-E Layers.” They are concentrations of plasma that form in the ionosphere and interfere with radio waves. This video is animated in a comic book style.Music from Universal Production Music. Songs include: \"Alpha and Omega,\" \"Break the News,\" and \"Waiting for a Sensation.\" || MAVEN_thumb.jpg (3840x2160) [801.1 KB] || MAVEN_thumb_searchweb.png (320x180) [106.4 KB] || MAVEN_thumb_thm.png (80x40) [5.2 KB] || 13342_SPORADIC_MAVEN_MASTER.webm (960x540) [63.4 MB] || 13342_SPORADIC_MAVEN_MASTER_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [29.9 MB] || 13342_SPORADIC_MAVEN_MASTER_facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [178.5 MB] || 13442_MAVEN_caption.en_US.srt [4.4 KB] || 13442_MAVEN_caption.en_US.vtt [4.4 KB] || 13342_SPORADIC_MAVEN_MASTER.mov (3840x2160) [10.8 GB] || ", "hits": 62 }, { "id": 13502, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13502/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2019-12-10T17:00:00-05:00", "title": "AGU 2019 — Postcards from the edge of space: New images, new phenomena, and new insights", "description": "In a Dec. 10 press event at the fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco, California, three scientists presented new images of the ionosphere, the dynamic region where Earth’s atmosphere meets space. Home to astronauts and everyday technology like radio and GPS, the ionosphere constantly responds to changes from space above and Earth below.The collection of images presented include the first images from NASA’s ICON, new science results from NASA’s GOLD, and observations of a fleeting, never-before-studied aurora. Together, they bring color to invisible processes that have widespread implications for the part of space that is closest to home.SPEAKERS:• Jennifer Briggs, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California, United States• Richard Eastes, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States• Thomas Immel, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States || ", "hits": 69 }, { "id": 13503, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13503/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2019-12-10T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "How NASA Studies The Space Near Earth", "description": "NASA studies the space around our home planet, a region we call geospace. It might appear empty, but geospace is bustling with electrically charged particles and magnetic fields — all of which can impact the technology and satellites we have flying through it. NASA uses specialized tools to study changing conditions in geospace, known as space weather. Each examines geospace in its own way. Together, they help us visualize, and better understand, the invisible processes shaping the space that is closest to home. || ", "hits": 115 }, { "id": 4737, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4737/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2019-07-17T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Observing Earth's Ionosphere with GOLD", "description": "A visualization of GOLD data observing Earth's ionosphere in ultraviolet light around the wavelength of an atomic oxygen emission. || GOLDData201903.GOLDview_O5S.clockSlate_CRTT.UHD3840.000267_print.jpg (1024x576) [70.4 KB] || GOLD_March2019_animated.gif (1042x586) [5.5 MB] || GOLDData201903.GOLDview_O5S.clockSlate_CRTT.UHD3840.000267_searchweb.png (320x180) [72.3 KB] || GOLDData201903.GOLDview_O5S.clockSlate_CRTT.UHD3840.000267_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || GOLDData201903.GOLDview_O5S.HD1080i_p10.mp4 (1920x1080) [24.0 MB] || basic (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || GOLDData201903.GOLDview_O5S.HD1080i_p10.webm (1920x1080) [3.1 MB] || basic (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || GOLDData201903.GOLDview_O5S_2160p10.mp4 (3840x2160) [72.0 MB] || ", "hits": 54 }, { "id": 4360, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4360/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-12-10T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "Heliophysics Sentinels 2018", "description": "This movie presents the trajectories of the heliophysics fleet from close to Earth to out beyond the heliopause. || Sentinels2018.Sentinels2Voyager.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.UHD3840.00000_print.jpg (1024x576) [74.5 KB] || Sentinels2018.Sentinels2Voyager.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.UHD3840.00000_searchweb.png (180x320) [65.6 KB] || Sentinels2018.Sentinels2Voyager.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.UHD3840.00000_thm.png (80x40) [5.1 KB] || Sentinels2018.Sentinels2Voyager_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [40.3 MB] || Sentinels2018.Sentinels2Voyager_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [6.3 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Sentinels2018.Sentinels2Voyager_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [125.7 MB] || Sentinels2018.Sentinels2Voyager_1080p30.mp4.hwshow || ", "hits": 28 }, { "id": 12902, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12902/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-10-22T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Secrets behind Earth’s Multi-colored Glow", "description": "What does our planet look like from space? Most are familiar with the beloved images of the blue marble or pale blue dot — Earth from 18,000 and 3.7 billion miles away, respectively. But closer to home, within the nearest region of space, you might encounter an unfamiliar sight. If you peer down on Earth from just 300 miles above the surface, near the orbit of the International Space Station, you can see vibrant swaths of red and green or purple and yellow light emanating from the upper atmosphere. This is airglow. Airglow occurs when atoms and molecules in the upper atmosphere, excited by sunlight, emit light in order to shed their excess energy. Or, it can happen when atoms and molecules that have been ionized by sunlight collide with and capture a free electron. In both cases, they eject a particle of light — called a photon — in order to relax again. The phenomenon is similar to auroras, but where auroras are driven by high-energy particles originating from the solar wind, airglow is energized by day-to-day solar radiation. || ", "hits": 357 }, { "id": 12947, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12947/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-10-16T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Launching an ICON", "description": "The Ionospheric Connection Explorer will explore the mysteries of where Earth meets space. || STORYCOVER_ICON_Image_Portrait16x9_1024x576.jpg (1024x576) [187.1 KB] || STORYCOVER_ICON_Image_Portrait16x9.jpg (2550x1434) [637.0 KB] || STORYCOVER_NEW_ICON_Image_Portrait.jpg (2550x3300) [707.1 KB] || STORYCOVER_ICON_Image_Portrait16x9_searchweb.png (320x180) [82.4 KB] || STORYCOVER_ICON_Image_Portrait16x9_thm.png (80x40) [5.7 KB] || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 12986, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12986/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-07-23T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Mars Proton Aurora", "description": "On Earth, the northern and southern lights occur when the solar wind (electrically charged particles from the Sun) follow our planet's geomagnetic field lines to the poles and collide with the upper atmosphere. Mars lacks a global magnetic field, so instead the solar wind piles up in front of Mars in a bow shock, which blocks charged particles from reaching the bulk of the atmosphere. However, in a process first observed by the MAVEN mission, some solar wind protons can slip past the bow shock by first bonding with electrons from the Mars upper atmosphere to form hydrogen atoms. Because these hydrogen atoms are electrically neutral, they can pass through the bow shock and go on to create an ultraviolet proton aurora on the dayside of Mars.Learn more about MAVEN's observation of a proton aurora at Mars. || ", "hits": 144 }, { "id": 12963, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12963/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-06-02T15:00:00-04:00", "title": "Airglow Imagery", "description": "Airglow occurs when atoms and molecules in the upper atmosphere, excited by sunlight, emit light in order to shed their excess energy. The phenomenon is similar to auroras, but where auroras are driven by high-energy particles originating from the solar wind, airglow is sparked by day-to-day solar radiation. Airglow carries information on the upper atmosphere’s temperature, density, and composition, but it also helps us trace how particles move through the region itself. Vast, high-altitude winds sweep through the ionosphere, pushing its contents around the globe — and airglow’s subtle dance follows their lead, highlighting global patterns. || ", "hits": 826 }, { "id": 12975, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12975/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-06-02T15:00:00-04:00", "title": "ICON Photos", "description": "The Ionospheric Connection Explorer, or ICON, is a low-Earth orbiting satellite that will give us new information about how Earth’s atmosphere interacts with near-Earth space — a give-and-take that plays a major role in the safety of our satellites and reliability of communications signals.Specifically, ICON investigates the connections between the neutral atmosphere — which extends from here near the surface to far above us, at the edge of space — and the electrically charged part of the atmosphere, called the ionosphere. The particles of the ionosphere carry electrical charge that can disrupt communications signals, cause satellites in low-Earth orbit to become electrically charged, and, in extreme cases, cause power outages on the ground. || ", "hits": 49 }, { "id": 12960, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12960/", "result_type": "Infographic", "release_date": "2018-05-31T19:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ionosphere Graphics", "description": "Stretching from roughly 50 to 400 miles above Earth’s surface, the ionosphere is an electrified layer of the upper atmosphere, generated by extreme ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. It’s neither fully Earth nor space, and instead, reacts to both terrestrial weather below and solar energy streaming in from above, forming a complex space weather system of its own. The particles of the ionosphere carry electrical charge that can disrupt communications signals, cause satellites in low-Earth orbit to become electrically charged, and, in extreme cases, cause power outages on the ground. Positioned on the edge of space and intermingled with the neutral atmosphere, the ionosphere’s response to conditions on Earth and in space is difficult to pin down. || ", "hits": 282 }, { "id": 12961, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12961/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-05-24T19:00:00-04:00", "title": "ICON Graphics", "description": "The Ionospheric Connection Explorer, or ICON, is a low-Earth orbiting satellite that will give us new information about how Earth’s atmosphere interacts with near-Earth space — a give-and-take that plays a major role in the safety of our satellites and reliability of communications signals. Specifically, ICON investigates the connections between the neutral atmosphere — which extends from here near the surface to far above us, at the edge of space — and the electrically charged part of the atmosphere, called the ionosphere. The particles of the ionosphere carry electrical charge that can disrupt communications signals, cause satellites in low-Earth orbit to become electrically charged, and, in extreme cases, cause power outages on the ground. || ", "hits": 60 }, { "id": 12865, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12865/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-03-14T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Aurora Named STEVE", "description": "Music credit: Bright Patterns by Gregg Lehrman, John Christopher NyeComplete transcript available. || stevethumb2.jpg (1920x1080) [87.2 KB] || stevethumb2_searchweb.png (320x180) [92.9 KB] || stevethumb2_thm.png (80x40) [7.8 KB] || 12865_Aurora.Named.SteveV9.webm (960x540) [65.4 MB] || LARGE_MP4_12865_Aurora.Named.SteveV9_large.mp4 (1920x1080) [163.5 MB] || 12865_Aurora.Named.SteveV9_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [101.1 MB] || 12865_Aurora.Named.SteveV9_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [101.1 MB] || YOUTUBE_1080_12865_Aurora.Named.SteveV9_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [274.9 MB] || 12865_Aurora.en_US.srt [2.7 KB] || 12865_Aurora.en_US.vtt [2.7 KB] || 12865_Aurora.Named.SteveV9_lowres.mp4 (480x272) [22.1 MB] || 12865_Aurora.Named.SteveV9_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [1.0 GB] || 12865_Aurora.Named.SteveV9.mov (1920x1080) [4.0 GB] || ", "hits": 91 }, { "id": 12823, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12823/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-02-05T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Where Earth Meets Space", "description": "NASA’s newest mission, GOLD, will explore the ever-changing boundary between Earth and space. || 12827_GOLD_SES14satellite.00300_print.png (1920x1080) [2.2 MB] || 12827_GOLD_SES14satellite.00300_print_1024x576.jpg (1024x576) [122.0 KB] || 12827_GOLD_SES14satellite.00300_print_print.jpg (1024x576) [133.7 KB] || 12827_GOLD_SES14satellite.00300_print_searchweb.png (320x180) [82.5 KB] || 12827_GOLD_SES14satellite.00300_print_thm.png (80x40) [5.7 KB] || ", "hits": 239 }, { "id": 4617, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4617/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-01-31T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "Interface to Space: The Equatorial Fountain", "description": "Visualization illustrating the Fountain Effect of ions in the near-Earth electric and magnetic fields. || IRIConceptual.Limb2PullOut_OionFountainIGRF.noslate_CRTT.HD1080i.000660_print.jpg (1024x576) [114.5 KB] || IRIConceptual.Limb2PullOut_OionFountainIGRF.noslate_CRTT.HD1080i.000660_searchweb.png (320x180) [87.8 KB] || IRIConceptual.Limb2PullOut_OionFountainIGRF.noslate_CRTT.HD1080i.000660_thm.png (80x40) [7.2 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || IRIConceptual.Limb2PullOut_OionFountainIGRF.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [32.1 MB] || IRIConceptual.Limb2PullOut_OionFountainIGRF.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.2 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || IRIConceptual.Limb2PullOut_OionFountainIGRF_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [96.1 MB] || IRIConceptual.Limb2PullOut_OionFountainIGRF.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [221 bytes] || ", "hits": 80 }, { "id": 12825, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12825/", "result_type": "Infographic", "release_date": "2018-01-24T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "GOLD Resources", "description": "The Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk, or GOLD, mission is designed to explore the nearest reaches of space. Capturing never-before-seen images of Earth’s upper atmosphere, GOLD explores in unprecedented detail our space environment — which is home to astronauts, radio signals used to guide airplanes and ships, as well as satellites that provide communications and GPS systems. The more we know about the fundamental physics of this region of space, the more we can protect our assets there.Gathering observations from geostationary orbit above the Western Hemisphere, GOLD measures the temperature and composition of neutral gases in Earth’s thermosphere. This part of the atmosphere co-mingles with the ionosphere, which is made up of charged particles. Both the Sun from above and terrestrial weather from below can change the types, numbers, and characteristics of the particles found here — and GOLD helps track those changes.Activity in this region is responsible for a variety of key space weather events. GOLD scientists are particularly interested in the cause of dense, unpredictable bubbles of charged gas that appear over the equator and tropics, sometimes causing communication problems. As we discover the very nature of the Sun-Earth interaction in this region, the mission could ultimately lead to ways to improve forecasts of such space weather and mitigate its effects. || ", "hits": 75 }, { "id": 4610, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4610/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-01-19T15:00:00-05:00", "title": "GOLD: Instrument Scanning Coverage", "description": "Visualization of GOLD orbiting Earth with image scanning. This version presents the singly-ionized oxygen density from the IRI model. || IRIGOLDscan.GOLDview3_Oion.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.001400_print.jpg (1024x576) [90.3 KB] || IRIGOLDscan.GOLDview3_Oion.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.001400_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.2 KB] || IRIGOLDscan.GOLDview3_Oion.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.001400_thm.png (80x40) [6.1 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || IRIGOLDscan.GOLDview4_Oion.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [38.5 MB] || IRIGOLDscan.GOLDview4_Oion.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [10.0 MB] || IRIGOLDscan.GOLDview4_Oion.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [204 bytes] || ", "hits": 180 }, { "id": 12817, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12817/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-01-05T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "Why NASA Is Exploring The Edge Of Our Planet", "description": "The Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk, or GOLD, instrument launches aboard a commercial communications satellite in January 2018 to inspect the dynamic intermingling of space and Earth’s uppermost atmosphere. Together, GOLD and another NASA mission, Ionospheric Connection Explorer spacecraft, or ICON, will provide the most comprehensive of Earth’s upper atmosphere we’ve ever had.Above the ozone layer, the ionosphere is a part of Earth’s atmosphere where particles have been cooked into a sea of electrically-charged electrons and ions by the Sun’s radiation. The ionosphere is co-mingled with the very highest — and quite thin — layers of Earth’s neutral upper atmosphere, making this region an area that is constantly in flux undergoing the push-and-pull between Earth’s conditions and those in space. Increasingly, these layers of near-Earth space are part of the human domain, as it’s home not only to astronauts, but to radio signals used to guide airplanes and ships, and satellites that provide our communications and GPS systems. Understanding the fundamental processes that govern our upper atmosphere and ionosphere is crucial to improve situational awareness that helps protect astronauts, spacecraft and humans on the ground.GOLD, in geostationary orbit over the Western Hemisphere, will build up a full-disk view of the ionosphere and upper atmosphere every half hour, providing detailed large-scale measurements of related processes — a cadence which makes it the first mission to be able to monitor the true weather of the upper atmosphere. GOLD is also able to focus in on a tighter region and scan more quickly, to complement additional research plans as needed. || ", "hits": 63 }, { "id": 12820, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12820/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-01-04T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Going for GOLD: Exploring the Interface to Space", "description": "Going for GOLD: Exploring the Interface to Space || 12820_GOLD_FB_Live.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [125.3 KB] || 12820_GOLD_FB_Live.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [84.7 KB] || 12820_GOLD_FB_Live.00001_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || 12820_GOLD_FB_Live.mp4 (1280x720) [5.1 GB] || 12820_GOLD_FB_Live.mov (1280x720) [41.9 GB] || 12820_GOLD_FB_Live.webm (960x540) [1.7 GB] || 12820_GOLD_FB_Live.en_US.srt [119.6 KB] || 12820_GOLD_FB_Live.en_US.vtt [112.9 KB] || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 4594, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4594/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-10-31T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "ICON Scans the Ionosphere", "description": "ICON orbits Earth at 575 kilometers altitude, measuring the composition and motions of the ionosphere. || IRIDaily.limbwICON_OionHwindIGRF.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.000870_print.jpg (1024x576) [105.7 KB] || IRIDaily.limbwICON_OionHwindIGRF.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.000870_searchweb.png (320x180) [63.8 KB] || IRIDaily.limbwICON_OionHwindIGRF.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.000870_thm.png (80x40) [5.0 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || IRIDaily.limbwICON_OionHwindIGRF.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [76.4 MB] || IRIDaily.limbwICON_OionHwindIGRF.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [10.9 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || IRIDaily.limbwICON_OionHwindIGRF.UHD3840_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [217.4 MB] || IRIDaily.limbwICON_OionHwindIGRF.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [210 bytes] || ", "hits": 78 }, { "id": 4589, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4589/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-10-25T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Heliophysics Sentinels 2017", "description": "This visualization starts from near Earth and the Earth orbiting satellite fleet out to the Moon, then past the Sun-Earth Lagrange point 1 to out beyond the heliopause. This is the long-play version. || Sentinels2017.Sentinels2Voyager.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.UHD3840.00000_print.jpg (1024x576) [136.1 KB] || Sentinels2017.Sentinels2Voyager.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.UHD3840.00000_searchweb.png (180x320) [84.6 KB] || Sentinels2017.Sentinels2Voyager.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.UHD3840.00000_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || Sentinels2017.Sentinels2Voyager.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [12.4 MB] || SlowPlay (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Sentinels2017.Sentinels2Voyager.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [111.6 MB] || SlowPlay (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Sentinels2017.Sentinels2Voyager_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [336.2 MB] || Sentinels2017.Sentinels2Voyager.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [209 bytes] || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 12699, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12699/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-10-18T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "Meet ICON: NASA’s Airglow Explorer", "description": "Music credit: Design Principle by Wayne RobertsComplete transcript available. || iss_composite_test_182.jpg (4256x2832) [12.8 MB] || iss_composite_test_182_searchweb.png (320x180) [99.0 KB] || iss_composite_test_182_thm.png (80x40) [6.2 KB] || LARGE_MP4-12699_ICON_Overview_V2__large.mp4 (1920x1080) [148.3 MB] || NASA_TV-12699_ICON_Overview_V2_.mpeg (1280x720) [494.2 MB] || APPLE_TV-12699_ICON_Overview_V2__appletv.m4v (1280x720) [75.3 MB] || YOUTUBE_1080-12699_ICON_Overview_V2__youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [234.8 MB] || PRORES_B-ROLL-12699_ICON_Overview_V2__prores.mov (1280x720) [1.9 GB] || YOUTUBE_HQ-12699_ICON_Overview_V2__youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [539.3 MB] || 12699_ICON_Overview_V2_.mov (1920x1080) [3.7 GB] || LARGE_MP4-12699_ICON_Overview_V2__large.webm (1920x1080) [16.3 MB] || APPLE_TV-12699_ICON_Overview_V2__appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [75.3 MB] || 12699_ICON_Overview_V2.en_US.srt [2.4 KB] || 12699_ICON_Overview_V2.en_US.vtt [2.5 KB] || NASA_PODCAST-12699_ICON_Overview_V2__ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [25.4 MB] || 12699_ICON_Overview_V2__lowres.mp4 (480x272) [20.3 MB] || ", "hits": 54 }, { "id": 12693, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12693/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-08-17T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "A Total Solar Eclipse Revealed Solar Storms 100 Years Before Satellites", "description": "Eclipses set the stage for historic science. NASA is taking advantage of the Aug. 21, 2017 eclipse by funding 11 ground-based scientific studies. As our scientists prepare their experiments for next week, we're looking back to an historic 1860 total solar eclipse, which many think gave humanity our first glimpse of solar storms — called coronal mass ejections — 100 years before scientists first understood what they were.Scientists observed these eruptions in the 1970s during the beginning of the modern satellite era, when satellites in space were able to capture thousands of images of solar activity that had never been seen before. But in hindsight, scientists realized their satellite images might not be the first record of these solar storms. Hand-drawn records of an 1860 total solar eclipse bore surprising resemblance to these groundbreaking satellite images.Eclipse archive imagery from: http://mlso.hao.ucar.edu/hao-eclipse-archive.php || ", "hits": 91 }, { "id": 12602, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12602/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-08-02T10:35:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Set To Launch Shoebox-sized Satellite Studying Earth's Upper Atmosphere", "description": "NASA scientists and engineers named their new CubeSat after the mythological Norse god of the dawn. Now, just days from launch, they are confident the shoebox-sized satellite Dellingr will live up to its name and inaugurate a new era for scientists wanting to use small, highly reliable satellites to carry out important, and in some cases, never-before-tried science.Dellingr will study how the ionosphere, a region in Earth’s upper atmosphere, interacts with the Sun. Before launch, Dellingr is required to visit to the Magnetic Test Facility at NASA Goddard to test the spacecraft's magnetometers - key instruments for measuring the direction and strength of the magnetic fields that surround Earth.The spacecraft is scheduled to launch this August aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket to the International Space Station where it will be deployed later into a low-Earth orbit. || ", "hits": 83 }, { "id": 12593, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12593/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-05-17T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Human Activity Impacted Space Weather", "description": "Music: Hybrid Technology by Le Fat Club [SACEM] Complete transcript available. || 12593_Anthropogenic_Space_WeatherV1_prores.00751_print.jpg (1024x576) [140.4 KB] || 12593_Anthropogenic_Space_WeatherV1_prores.00751_searchweb.png (320x180) [66.5 KB] || 12593_Anthropogenic_Space_WeatherV1_prores.00751_thm.png (80x40) [5.6 KB] || 12593_Anthropogenic_Space_WeatherV1_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [38.4 MB] || 12593_Anthropogenic_Space_WeatherV1_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [38.5 MB] || 12593_Anthropogenic_Space_WeatherV1_prores.mov (1280x720) [607.9 MB] || 12593_Anthropogenic_Space_WeatherV1.mp4 (3908x2304) [84.0 MB] || 12593_Anthropogenic_Space_WeatherV1.en_US.srt [1.4 KB] || 12593_Anthropogenic_Space_WeatherV1.en_US.vtt [1.4 KB] || 12593_Anthropogenic_Space_WeatherV1_prores.webm [0 bytes] || 12593_Anthropogenic_Space_WeatherV1_youtube_hq.mov (4032x2376) [578.4 MB] || 12593_Anthropogenic_Space_WeatherV1_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [14.0 MB] || 12593_Anthropogenic_Space_WeatherV1.mov (4032x2376) [4.4 GB] || ", "hits": 62 }, { "id": 12598, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12598/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-05-04T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Sounding Rockets Highlights", "description": "NASA Launches Sounding Rockets to Study AuroraMusic credit: Trial by Gresby Race Nash [PRS] from Killer Tracks. || LARGE_MP4-12598_SoundingRockets_MASTER_large.00745_print.jpg (1024x682) [134.2 KB] || LARGE_MP4-12598_SoundingRockets_MASTER_large.00745_searchweb.png (320x180) [74.7 KB] || LARGE_MP4-12598_SoundingRockets_MASTER_large.00745_web.png (320x213) [92.8 KB] || LARGE_MP4-12598_SoundingRockets_MASTER_large.00745_thm.png (80x40) [5.3 KB] || 12598_SoundingRockets_MASTER.mov (1152x768) [579.8 MB] || PRORES_B-ROLL-12598_SoundingRockets_MASTER_prores.mov (1280x720) [590.8 MB] || APPLE_TV-12598_SoundingRockets_MASTER_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [41.0 MB] || NASA_TV-12598_SoundingRockets_MASTER.mpeg (1280x720) [280.2 MB] || LARGE_MP4-12598_SoundingRockets_MASTER_large.mp4 (1152x768) [85.0 MB] || YOUTUBE_HQ-12598_SoundingRockets_MASTER_youtube_hq.mov (1152x768) [105.8 MB] || LARGE_MP4-12598_SoundingRockets_MASTER_large.webm (1152x768) [8.9 MB] || APPLE_TV-12598_SoundingRockets_MASTER_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [41.1 MB] || soundingrockets-v14.en_US.srt [1.1 KB] || soundingrockets-v14.en_US.vtt [1.1 KB] || NASA_PODCAST-12598_SoundingRockets_MASTER_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [14.1 MB] || ", "hits": 29 }, { "id": 20265, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20265/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2017-04-03T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "ICON Beauty Pass", "description": "Beauty pass showing ICON observing the ionosphere. Credit: NASA/GSFC/CIL || AirGlow_final_ProRes.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [87.7 KB] || AirGlow_final_ProRes.00001_web.png (320x180) [74.1 KB] || AirGlow_final_ProRes.00001_searchweb.png (180x320) [74.1 KB] || AirGlow_final_ProRes.00001_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || AirGlow_final_H264.mov (1920x1080) [19.5 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || AirGlow_final_ProRes.webm (1920x1080) [1.0 MB] || AirGlow_final_ProRes.mov (1920x1080) [304.3 MB] || ", "hits": 36 }, { "id": 4557, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4557/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-03-15T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Leaky Radiation Belts", "description": "This visualization opens with a full view of the radiation belt of trapped electrons circling Earth. We open a slice of the belts, to display a cross-section for clarity and move the camera to a more equatorial view. Earth rotation and solar motion have been turned off for this visualization to reduce distracting additional motions. || LeakyBelts_FullData_ObliqueIntro.slate_CRTT.HD1080i.0600_print.jpg (1024x576) [113.8 KB] || LeakyBelts_FullData_ObliqueIntro.slate_CRTT.HD1080i.0600_searchweb.png (180x320) [83.0 KB] || LeakyBelts_FullData_ObliqueIntro.slate_CRTT.HD1080i.0600_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || ObliqueIntro (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || LeakyBelts_FullData_ObliqueIntro.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [77.0 MB] || LeakyBelts_FullData_ObliqueIntro.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [5.5 MB] || ObliqueIntro (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || LeakyBelts_FullData_ObliqueIntro.UHD2160_p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [279.0 MB] || LeakyBelts_FullData_ObliqueIntro.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [210 bytes] || ", "hits": 61 }, { "id": 4539, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4539/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-01-13T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "Exploring Earth's Ionosphere: Limb view with approach", "description": "Oxygen ion enhancements at 350km altitude, ionospheric winds at altitudes of 100 km (white) and 350 km (violet) and the low-latitude geomagnetic field. || IRIDaily.zoom2limb_OionHwindIGRF.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.000400_print.jpg (1024x576) [92.1 KB] || IRIDaily.zoom2limb_OionHwindIGRF.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.000400_searchweb.png (320x180) [58.1 KB] || IRIDaily.zoom2limb_OionHwindIGRF.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.000400_thm.png (80x40) [4.9 KB] || IRIDaily.zoom2limb_OionHwindIGRF.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [89.8 MB] || OionHwindIGRF (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || IRIDaily.zoom2limb_OionHwindIGRF.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [8.6 MB] || OionHwindIGRF (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || IRIDaily.zoom2limb_OionHwindIGRF.2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [274.0 MB] || IRIDaily.zoom2limb_OionHwindIGRF.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [210 bytes] || ", "hits": 63 }, { "id": 4540, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4540/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-01-13T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "Exploring Earth's Ionosphere: Limb view", "description": "This visualization presents data on the concentration of the singly-ionized oxygen atom (rainbow color table, red is highest concentration), the low-latitude geomagnetic field (gold field lines) and the ionospheric winds at two altitude levels, 100km (white) and 350 km (violet). || IRIDaily.limb_OionHwindIGRF.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.000750_print.jpg (1024x576) [101.4 KB] || IRIDaily.limb_OionHwindIGRF.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.000750_thm.png (80x40) [5.0 KB] || IRIDaily.limb_OionHwindIGRF.clockSlate_CRTT.HD1080i.000750_searchweb.png (320x180) [62.5 KB] || IRIDaily.limb_OionHwindIGRF.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [88.3 MB] || OionHwindIGRF (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || OionHwindIGRF (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || IRIDaily.limb_OionHwindIGRF.2160p30.webm (3840x2160) [12.4 MB] || IRIDaily.limb_OionHwindIGRF.2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [274.0 MB] || IRIDaily.limb_OionHwindIGRF.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [205 bytes] || ", "hits": 75 }, { "id": 4527, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4527/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-12-14T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "ICON and GOLD: Instrument Scanning Coverage", "description": "Visualization of ICON and GOLD orbiting Earth with image scanning. This version presents several geospace models, including the singly-ionized oxygen density, the low-latitude geomagnetic field, and the high-altitude winds (100km and 350km altitudes). || IRIGOLDscan.GOLDview3_OionHwindIGRF.clockSlate_CRTT.UHD3840.001140_print.jpg (1024x576) [130.5 KB] || IRIGOLDscan.GOLDview3_OionHwindIGRF.clockSlate_CRTT.UHD3840.001140_searchweb.png (320x180) [85.0 KB] || IRIGOLDscan.GOLDview3_OionHwindIGRF.clockSlate_CRTT.UHD3840.001140_thm.png (80x40) [5.9 KB] || IRIGOLDscan.GOLDview3_OionHwindIGRF.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [82.0 MB] || IRIGOLDscan.GOLDview3_OionHwindIGRF (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || IRIGOLDscan.GOLDview3_OionHwindIGRF.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [7.6 MB] || IRIGOLDscan.GOLDview3_OionHwindIGRF (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || IRIGOLDscan.GOLDview3_OionHwindIGRF_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [258.1 MB] || ", "hits": 44 }, { "id": 12457, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12457/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2016-12-14T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "AGU Ionosphere Press Conference", "description": "The ionosphere is a layer of charged particles in Earth’s atmosphere that extends from about 50 to 360 miles above the surface of Earth. Processes in the ionosphere also create bright swaths of color in the sky, known as airglow. Credit: NASA GSFC || AGUIonosphereV4_1.jpg (1280x960) [109.7 KB] || ", "hits": 55 }, { "id": 4498, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4498/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-10-27T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "ICON and GOLD: Exploring the Interface to Space", "description": "A basic view of the orbits for ICON (Ionospheric Connections Explorer) and GOLD (Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk). These missions will conduct measurements of ionospheric composition, ionization, and winds to better understand the connection between space weather and its terrestrial impacts.In this visualization, we present GOLD (in geostationary orbit around Earth) and ICON (in low Earth orbit). The colors over Earth represent model data from the IRI (International Reference Ionosphere) model of the density of the singly-ionized oxygen atom at an altitude of 350 kilometers. Red represents high density. The ion density is enhanced above and below the geomagnetic equator (not perfectly aligned with the geographic equator) on the dayside due to the ionizing effects of solar ultraviolet radiation combined with the effects of high-altitude winds and the geomagnetic field. || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 4503, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4503/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-10-27T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "Exploring the Ionosphere: The View from GOLD", "description": "Closeup view of Earth from the perspective of the GOLD instrument. This version interpolates the IRI model to a higher time cadence for a smoother animation. || IRIDaily.GOLDview_O+ion_O+ionSlice.clockSlate_CRTT.UHD3840.001002_print.jpg (1024x576) [50.7 KB] || IRIDaily.GOLDview_O+ion_O+ionSlice.IRIinterp.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [56.7 MB] || IRI.interpolate (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || IRIDaily.GOLDview_O+ion_O+ionSlice.IRIinterp.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [17.1 MB] || IRI.interpolate (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || IRIDaily.GOLDview_O+ion_O+ionSlice.IRIinterp_4503.key [57.9 MB] || IRIDaily.GOLDview_O+ion_O+ionSlice.IRIinterp_4503.pptx [57.6 MB] || IRIDaily.GOLDview_O+ion_O+ionSlice.IRIinterp_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [200.2 MB] || ", "hits": 49 }, { "id": 4504, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4504/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-10-27T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "Exploring the Ionosphere: The Dayside Ionosphere", "description": "A view of the singly-ionizing oxygen atom on the dayside of Earth. This represents the variation of the enhancments due to variation in the geomagnetic field. This version interpolates the IRI model to a higher time cadence for a smoother animation. || IRIDaily.sunward_O+ion.clockSlate_CRTT.UHD3840.001001_print.jpg (1024x576) [58.1 KB] || IRIDaily.sunward_O+ion.IRIinterp.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [50.1 MB] || IRI.interpolated (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || IRIDaily.sunward_O+ion.IRIinterp.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [17.1 MB] || IRIDaily.sunward_O+ion.IRIinterp.UHD3840_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [72.7 MB] || IRI.interpolated (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || IRIDaily.sunward_O+ion.IRIinterp_4504.key [51.9 MB] || IRIDaily.sunward_O+ion.IRIinterp_4504.pptx [51.6 MB] || exploring-the-ionosphere-the-dayside-ionosphere.hwshow [308 bytes] || ", "hits": 41 }, { "id": 12220, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12220/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2016-04-21T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth's Ionosphere", "description": "See why the night sky is never completely dark. || c-1024.jpg (1024x576) [81.4 KB] || c-1280.jpg (1280x720) [102.7 KB] || c-1920.jpg (1920x1080) [162.3 KB] || c-1024_print.jpg (1024x576) [90.5 KB] || c-1024_searchweb.png (320x180) [49.3 KB] || c-1024_web.png (320x180) [49.3 KB] || c-1024_thm.png (80x40) [4.6 KB] || ", "hits": 101 }, { "id": 4370, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4370/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-11-05T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "Solar Wind Strips the Martian Atmosphere", "description": "Scientists have long suspected the solar wind of stripping the Martian upper atmosphere into space, turning Mars from a blue world to a red one. Now, NASA's MAVEN orbiter is observing this process in action, providing significant data on solar wind erosion at Mars.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || MarsAtmoLossExplainPreview.jpg (1920x1080) [993.6 KB] || APPLE_TV_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [53.7 MB] || WEBM_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_APR.webm (960x540) [44.7 MB] || 4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [53.7 MB] || NASA_TV_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss.mpeg (1280x720) [369.5 MB] || 4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_APR_Output.en_US.srt [2.3 KB] || 4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_APR_Output.en_US.vtt [2.3 KB] || LARGE_MP4_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_large.mp4 (3840x2160) [111.3 MB] || YOUTUBE_HQ_4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_youtube_hq.mov (3840x2160) [2.2 GB] || 4370_MAVEN_Mars_Atmo_Loss_APR.mov (3840x2160) [5.9 GB] || ", "hits": 300 }, { "id": 4393, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4393/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-11-05T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "Solar Wind and Mars Bow Shock", "description": "Simulation of the solar wind at Mars compared with MAVEN observations, showing the predicted bow shock. Available for download in up to 4k resolution. || final_shock01.2500_print.jpg (1024x576) [205.3 KB] || final_shock01.2500_searchweb.png (320x180) [100.4 KB] || final_shock01.2500_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || final_shock01_1920x1080_60fps.mp4 (1920x1080) [66.6 MB] || APPLE_TV_4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [19.0 MB] || WEBM_4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080.webm (960x540) [15.1 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || NASA_TV_4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080.mpeg (1280x720) [128.4 MB] || PRORES_B-ROLL_4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080_prores.mov (1280x720) [537.1 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_60p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || 4393_Mars_Solar_Wind_Bow_Shock_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [1.0 GB] || final_shock01_4k_60fps.mp4 (3840x2160) [214.3 MB] || ", "hits": 63 }, { "id": 12040, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12040/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-11-04T16:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA Observes Auroras Across Canada", "description": "These aurora images were taken from the ground looking up with a network of all-sky cameras spread across Canada, studying auroras in collaboration with NASA’s Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, or THEMIS, mission. Taking images of aurora from the ground in conjunction with satellite data taken from above the atmosphere gives scientists a more comprehensive picture of how and why the aurora form. The ground-based camera network is also observing this week’s auroras. The aurora data is provided courtesy of S. Mende at University California Berkeley and E. Donovan at the University of Calgary, logistical support in fielding and data retrieval from the ground-based stations is provided by the Canadian Space Agency. The array of aurora images is funded by NSF in support of GIMNAST through grant AGS-1004736.Credit: NASA/CSA/University of California, Berkeley/University of Calgary/NSF || Storm_0386.jpg (1944x1080) [1.4 MB] || Storm_0386_print.jpg (1024x568) [476.9 KB] || Storm_0386_searchweb.png (180x320) [150.3 KB] || Storm_0386_thm.png (80x40) [33.8 KB] || 1944x1080_16x9_20p (1944x1080) [128.0 KB] || Auroras_Across_Canada-MPEG4_1944x1080_24.mp4 (1944x1080) [54.0 MB] || Auroras_Across_Canada_ProRes_1944x1080_24.webm (1944x1080) [10.3 MB] || Auroras_Across_Canada_ProRes_1944x1080_24.mov (1944x1080) [1.4 GB] || Auroras_Across_Canada-H264_Best_1944x1080_24.mov (1944x1080) [658.5 MB] || Auroras_Across_Canada-H264_Good_1944x1080_24.mov (1944x1080) [130.4 MB] || Auroras_Across_Canada.hwshow [223 bytes] || ", "hits": 21 }, { "id": 4288, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4288/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-06-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "The 2015 Earth-Orbiting Heliophysics Fleet", "description": "Movie showing the heliosphysics missions from near Earth orbit out to the orbit of the Moon.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || Helio2015A.MMStour.slate_RigRHS.HD1080i.0500_print.jpg (1024x576) [112.6 KB] || Helio2015A.MMStour.HD1080.webm (1920x1080) [6.7 MB] || WithoutTimeStamp (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || Helio2015A.MMStour.HD1080.mov (1920x1080) [196.3 MB] || Helio2015_4288.pptx [198.6 MB] || Helio2015_4288.key [201.3 MB] || ", "hits": 49 }, { "id": 11798, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11798/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-03-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "MMS Pre-launch Live Shots", "description": "MMS Roll Ins || MMS_Roll_Ins.frame741.png (1280x720) [655.3 KB] || MMS_Roll_Ins.frame741_searchweb.png (320x180) [55.2 KB] || MMS_Roll_Ins.mov (1280x720) [2.1 GB] || MMS_Roll_Ins.webmhd.webm (1280x720) [36.6 MB] || ", "hits": 51 }, { "id": 11795, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11795/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-03-11T12:30:00-04:00", "title": "MMS L-1 Media Briefing", "description": "On March 12 from Cape Canaveral Florida, NASA is scheduled to launch the Magnetospheric Multiscale, or MMS, mission, which will provide unprecedented detail on a phenomenon called magnetic reconnection. The process of reconnection involves the explosive release of energy when the magnetic fields around Earth connect and disconnect. These fields help protect Earth from harmful effects of solar storms and cosmic rays. Magnetic reconnection also occurs throughout the universe and can accelerate particles up to nearly the speed of light.By studying reconnection in this local, natural laboratory, MMS helps us understand reconnection elsewhere as well, such as in the atmosphere of the Sun and other stars, in the vicinity of black holes and neutron stars, and at the boundary between our solar system’s heliosphere and interstellar space.MMS consists of four identical observatories that will provide the first three-dimensional view of magnetic reconnection. The four MMS observatories will fly through reconnection regions in a tight formation in well under a second, so key sensors on each spacecraft are designed to measure the space environment at rates faster than any previous mission.For additional visuals regarding the MMS mission and science, please see our MMS Pre-launch Gallery.Briefing participants include:Jeff Newmark, interim director, Heliophysics DivisionNASA Headquarters, WashingtonJim Burch, principal investigator, MMS instrument suite science teamSouthwest Research Institute, San AntonioRoy Torbert, MMS FIELDS investigation leadUniversity of New Hampshire, Durham, New HampshireCraig Pollock, lead co-investigator, MMS Fast Plasma Investigation Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MarylandPaul Cassak, associate professorWest Virginia University, Morgantown || ", "hits": 7 }, { "id": 11780, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11780/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-02-25T14:30:00-05:00", "title": "MMS Prelaunch Press Briefing", "description": "On March 12 from Cape Canaveral Florida, NASA is scheduled to launch the Magnetospheric Multiscale, or MMS, mission, which will provide unprecedented detail on a phenomenon called magnetic reconnection. The process of reconnection involves the explosive release of energy when the magnetic fields around Earth connect and disconnect. These fields help protect Earth from harmful effects of solar storms and cosmic rays. Magnetic reconnection also occurs throughout the universe and can accelerate particles up to nearly the speed of light.By studying reconnection in this local, natural laboratory, MMS helps us understand reconnection elsewhere as well, such as in the atmosphere of the Sun and other stars, in the vicinity of black holes and neutron stars, and at the boundary between our solar system’s heliosphere and interstellar space.MMS consists of four identical observatories that will provide the first three-dimensional view of magnetic reconnection. The four MMS observatories will fly through reconnection regions in a tight formation in well under a second, so key sensors on each spacecraft are designed to measure the space environment at rates faster than any previous mission.For additional visuals regarding the MMS mission and science, please see our MMS Pre-launch Gallery. || ", "hits": 12 }, { "id": 4264, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4264/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-02-02T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Plasma Zoo: Field-Aligned Current (Birkeland Current)", "description": "Visualization from two camera positions of gyro-motion of charged particles in parallel electric and magnetic fields. || EBParallel_inertial.HD1080i.0600_print.jpg (1024x576) [123.4 KB] || EBParallel_inertial.HD1080i.0600_searchweb.png (320x180) [80.8 KB] || EBParallel_inertial.HD1080i.0600_web.png (320x180) [80.8 KB] || EBParallel_inertial.HD1080i.0600_thm.png (80x40) [5.6 KB] || EBParallel.cam1 (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || EBParallel.cam1.HD1080.webm (1920x1080) [3.6 MB] || EBParallel_cam1_HD1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [22.3 MB] || EBParallel.cam1.HD1080.mov (1920x1080) [120.0 MB] || ", "hits": 210 }, { "id": 4265, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4265/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-02-02T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Plasma Zoo: E-cross-B Drift", "description": "Visualization from two camera positions of gyro-motion of charged particles in perpendicular electric and magnetic fields. || EBvOrthogonal_inertial.HD1080i.0600_print.jpg (1024x576) [123.3 KB] || EBvOrthogonal_inertial.HD1080i.0600_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.0 KB] || EBvOrthogonal_inertial.HD1080i.0600_thm.png (80x40) [5.5 KB] || EBvOrthogonal_inertial.HD1080i.0600_web.png (320x180) [79.0 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || EBvOrthogonal.HD1080.webm (1920x1080) [3.6 MB] || EBvOrthogonal_inertial_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [22.2 MB] || EBvOrthogonal.HD1080.mov (1920x1080) [120.0 MB] || ", "hits": 423 }, { "id": 4241, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4241/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-11-26T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "Radiation Belts & Plasmapause", "description": "Visualization of the radiation belts with confined charged particles (blue & yellow) and plasmapause boundary (blue-green surface) || Earth_BeltsPlasmapauseParticles_Oblique.noslate_GSEmove.HD1080i.0400_print.jpg (1024x576) [136.6 KB] || Earth_BeltsPlasmapauseParticles_Oblique.noslate_GSEmove.HD1080i.0400_web.png (320x180) [96.2 KB] || Earth_BeltsPlasmapauseParticles_Oblique.noslate_GSEmove.HD1080i.0400_searchweb.png (320x180) [96.2 KB] || Earth_BeltsPlasmapauseParticles_Oblique.noslate_GSEmove.HD1080i.0400_thm.png (80x40) [6.9 KB] || BeltsPlasmapauseParticles_HD1080.mov (1920x1080) [28.3 MB] || Earth_BeltsPlasmapauseParticles_Oblique_HD1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [16.6 MB] || BeltsPlasmapauseParticles_HD720.mov (1280x720) [10.6 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Earth_BeltsPlasmapauseParticles_Oblique_HD1080.webm (960x540) [2.3 MB] || BeltsPlasmapauseParticles_iPod.m4v (640x360) [3.7 MB] || radiation-belts--plasmapause.hwshow [342 bytes] || ", "hits": 139 }, { "id": 4188, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4188/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-09-25T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Comparative Magnetospheres: A Noteworthy Coronal Mass Ejection", "description": "In an effort to understand and predict the impact of space weather events on Earth, the Community-Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, routinely runs computer models of the many historical events. These model runs are then compared to actual data to determine ways to improve the model, and therefore forecasts of the impacts of future space weather events.In mid-December of 2006, the Sun erupted with a bright flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) that launched particles Earthward. While not the brightest or largest event observed, its impact on Earth was substantial, requiring some effort to protect satellites (ESA: Reacting to a solar flare).The visualization presented here is a CCMC run of a BATS-R-US model simulating the impact of this event on Earth. Here, lines are used to represent the 'flow direction' of magnetic field of the solar wind impacting Earth, as well as the effects on Earth's geomagnetic field. A 'cut-plane' through the data illustrates the changes in the particle density in the solar wind and magnetosphere. The color of the data represents a logarithmic scaling of density, with red as the highest (1000 particles per cubic centimeter) down to blue (0.01 particles per cubic centimeter). In this simulation, each frame of the movie corresponds to two minutes of real time.In the movie, we see vertical field lines of magnetic field carried by the solar wind, coming in from the left. As this field, and the plasma carrying it, strike Earth's magnetic field, they bend and reconnect, around the Earth. Some field lines actually reconnect to the polar regions of the Earth, providing a ready flow-path for particles to reach the ionosphere and generate aurora. This interaction between the solar wind and the plasma trapped in Earth's magnetosphere also creates a density enhancement between Earth and the solar wind helping to shield Earth from some of the effects. A lower density wake forms behind Earth (the blue region). There is a circular 'hole' around the Earth which is a gap in the model. || ", "hits": 100 }, { "id": 4127, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4127/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-12-16T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "The 2013 Earth-Orbiting Heliophysics Fleet", "description": "There've been a few changes since the 2012 Earth-Orbiting Heliophysics Fleet. As of Fall of 2013, here's a tour of the NASA Near-Earth Heliophysics fleet, covering the space from near-Earth orbit out to the orbit of the Moon.The satellite orbits are color coded for their observing program:Magenta: TIM (Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere) observationsYellow: solar observations and imageryCyan: Geospace and magnetosphereViolet: Heliospheric observationsNear-Earth Fleet:Hinode: Observes the Sun in multiple wavelengths up to x-rays. SVS pageRHESSI : Observes the Sun in x-rays and gamma-rays. SVS pageTIMED: Studies the upper layers (40-110 miles up) of the Earth's atmosphere.FAST: Measures particles and fields in regions where aurora form.CINDI: Measures interactions of neutral and charged particles in the ionosphere. SORCE: Monitors solar intensity across a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum.AIM: Images and measures noctilucent clouds. SVS pageVan Allen Probes: Two probes moving along the same orbit esigned to study the impact of space weather on Earth's radiation belts. SVS pageTWINS: Two Wide-Angle Imaging Neutral-Atom Spectrometers (TWINS) are two probes observing the Earth with neutral atom imagers.IRIS: Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph is designed to take high-resolution spectra and images of the region between the solar photosphere and solar atmosphere.Geosynchronous Fleet:SDO: Solar Dynamics Observatory keeps the Sun under continuous observation at 16 megapixel resolution.GOES: The newest GOES satellites include a solar X-ray imager operated by NOAA.Geospace Fleet:Geotail: Conducts measurements of electrons and ions in the Earth's magnetotail. Cluster: This is a group of four satellites which fly in formation to measure how particles and fields in the magnetosphere vary in space and time. SVS pageTHEMIS: This is a fleet of three satellites to study how magnetospheric instabilities produce substorms. Two of the original five satellites were moved into lunar orbit to become ARTEMIS. SVS page IBEX: The Interstellar Boundary Explorer measures the flux of neutral atoms from the heliopause.Lunar Orbiting FleetARTEMIS: Two of the THEMIS satellites were moved into lunar orbit to study the interaction of the Earth's magnetosphere with the Moon. || ", "hits": 45 }, { "id": 30179, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30179/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "ISS Timelapse: Aurora Australis", "description": "The photographs used to make this video were taken on September 17, 2011 from 17:22:27 to 17:37:21 GMT from the International Space Station (ISS). This image sequence begins over the Indian Ocean halfway between Madagascar and Antarctica. Aurora Australis is present for the first 2/3rds of the video, then Australis comes into view. Yellow lights near the coast show the presence of cities, while interior oragne lights indicate brush fires.http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov || ", "hits": 162 }, { "id": 4087, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4087/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-07-10T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "IBEX Heliotail Observations", "description": "The IBEX (Interstellar Boundary EXplorer) continues to collect data on the flux of neutral atoms from the boundary of the solar wind with the interstellar medium.Starting with the IBEX satellite in orbit around the Earth, we zoom out to beyond the orbit of Neptune, illustrating the direction of the Sun relative to the local stars (red arrow) and relative to the local interstellar medium (violet arrow). These directions are different because the local interstellar medium (mostly gas and dust) move relative to the local stars.The boundaries of the termination shock (red ellipsoidal surface) and heliopause (green) created by the interaction of the solar wind with the interstellar medium is displayed. The camera rotates to a view 'nose on' with the heliopause, and a sphere is faded in representing the region where the neutral atoms detected by IBEX originate. The sphere around the Sun is 'unwrapped' to reproject the IBEX data into an approximately Aitoff projection. || ", "hits": 73 }, { "id": 11212, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11212/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-02-28T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "Van Allen Probes Find Storage Ring in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt", "description": "Since their discovery over 50 years ago, the Earth's Van Allen radiation belts have been considered to consist of two distinct zones of trapped, highly energetic charged particles. Observations from NASA's Van Allen Probes reveal an isolated third ring in the outer radiation belt. || ", "hits": 293 }, { "id": 3969, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3969/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2012-09-20T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "The 2012 Earth-Orbiting Heliophysics Fleet", "description": "Since Sentinels of the Heliosphere in 2008, there have been a few new missions, and a few missions have been shut down. As of Fall of 2012, here's a tour of the NASA Near-Earth Heliophysics fleet, covering the space from near-Earth orbit out to the orbit of the Moon.Revision (November 9, 2012): The RBSP mission has been renamed the Van Allen Probes. NASA Press Release.The satellite orbits are color coded for their observing program:Magenta: TIM (Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere) observationsYellow: solar observations and imageryCyan: Geospace and magnetosphereViolet: Heliospheric observationsNear-Earth Fleet:Hinode: Observes the Sun in multiple wavelengths up to x-rays. SVS pageRHESSI : Observes the Sun in x-rays and gamma-rays. SVS pageTIMED: Studies the upper layers (40-110 miles up) of the Earth's atmosphere.FAST: Measures particles and fields in regions where aurora form.CINDI: Measures interactions of neutral and charged particles in the ionosphere. SORCE: Monitors solar intensity across a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum.AIM: Images and measures noctilucent clouds. SVS pageRBSP: (Renamed the Van Allen Probes) Designed to study the impact of space weather on Earth's radiation belts. SVS pageGeosynchronous Fleet:SDO: Solar Dynamics Observatory keeps the Sun under continuous observation at 16 megapixel resolution.GOES: The newest GOES satellites include a solar X-ray imager operated by NOAA.Geospace Fleet:Geotail: Conducts measurements of electrons and ions in the Earth's magnetotail. Cluster: This is a group of four satellites which fly in formation to measure how particles and fields in the magnetosphere vary in space and time. SVS pageTHEMIS: This is a fleet of three satellites to study how magnetospheric instabilities produce substorms. Two of the original five satellites were moved into lunar orbit to become ARTEMIS. SVS page IBEX: The Interstellar Boundary Explorer measures the flux of neutral atoms from the heliopause.Lunar Orbiting FleetARTEMIS: Two of the THEMIS satellites were moved into lunar orbit to study the interaction of the Earth's magnetosphere with the Moon.Note: A number of near-Earth missions had their orbits generated from Two-Line orbital elements valid in July 2012. Orbit perturbations since then may result in significant deviation from the actual satellite position for the time frame of this visualization. || ", "hits": 39 }, { "id": 11027, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11027/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2012-08-09T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "RBSP L-14 Press Conference", "description": "The Radiation Belt Storm Probes mission is part of NASA's Living With a Star Geospace program to explore fundamental processes that operate throughout the solar system, in particular those that generate hazardous space weather effects near the Earth and phenomena that could affect solar system exploration.RBSP is designed to help us understand the sun's influence on the Earth and near-Earth space by studying the planet's radiation belts on various scales of space and time.Understanding the radiation belt environment and its variability has extremely important practical applications in the areas of spacecraft operations, spacecraft and spacecraft system design, mission planning, and astronaut safety.RBSP is scheduled to launch no earlier than 4:08 a.m. Thursday, Aug. 23 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. The twin probes will lift off on a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket.News conference panelists are:— Madhulika Guhathakurta, Living With a Star program scientist, NASA Headquarters, Washington— Mona Kessel, RBSP program scientist, NASA Headquarters— Barry Mauk, RBSP project scientist, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), Laurel, Md.— Rick Fitzgerald, RBSP project manager, APL, Laurel, Md. || ", "hits": 88 }, { "id": 3769, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3769/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-09-30T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "IBEX Skymaps and the Bright Stars", "description": "In this image set, the brighter stars from the Tycho skymap have been reprojected into positions corresponding to the coordinate system used by the IBEX mission.The colors represent the number of neutral atoms (in the specified band of energies) detected by IBEX in each block of sky. Each block in the map is roughly a square about 6 degrees by 6 degrees (or the width of 12 full Moons, on a side). For the energy band displayed of 2.73 keV, violet corresponds to undetectable emission, while red corresponds to the detection of about 50 atoms per second per square centimeter in the angular segment of the sky. There is a 'hole' in the data (black) created when the IBEX scan cuts through the Earth's magnetotail.The images in this set have been co-registered for easy compositing. || ", "hits": 27 }, { "id": 3770, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3770/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-09-30T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "IBEX Observes Changes in Heliopause Emission", "description": "The camera view moves from the heliosphere 'nose', the apparent direction of the heliopause relative to the interstellar wind, towards the 'knot'. The 'knot' represents a direction of high emission of neutral atoms which has changed significantly in the six months since the first IBEX map.We fade-in an artistic conception of the 'knot', which untangles during the six months as we fade to the second IBEX map. || ", "hits": 14 }, { "id": 40046, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/nasas-heliophysics-gallery/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2010-03-04T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA's Heliophysics Gallery", "description": "Heliophysics studies the nature of the Sun and how it influences the very nature of space and the planets and the technology that exists there. Learn more at nasa.gov/sun.", "hits": 238 }, { "id": 3595, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3595/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-07-27T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Sentinels of the Heliosphere", "description": "Heliophysics is a term to describe the study of the Sun, its atmosphere or the heliosphere, and the planets within it as a system. As a result, it encompasses the study of planetary atmospheres and their magnetic environment, or magnetospheres. These environments are important in the study of space weather.As a society dependent on technology, both in everyday life, and as part of our economic growth, space weather becomes increasingly important. Changes in space weather, either by solar events or geomagnetic events, can disrupt and even damage power grids and satellite communications. Space weather events can also generate x-rays and gamma-rays, as well as particle radiations, that can jeopardize the lives of astronauts living and working in space.This visualization tours the regions of near-Earth orbit; the Earth's magnetosphere, sometimes called geospace; the region between the Earth and the Sun; and finally out beyond Pluto, where Voyager 1 and 2 are exploring the boundary between the Sun and the rest of our Milky Way galaxy. Along the way, we see these regions patrolled by a fleet of satellites that make up NASA's Heliophysics Observatory Telescopes. Many of these spacecraft do not take images in the conventional sense but record fields, particle energies and fluxes in situ. Many of these missions are operated in conjunction with international partners, such as the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA).The Earth and distances are to scale. Larger objects are used to represent the satellites and other planets for clarity.Here are the spacecraft featured in this movie:Near-Earth Fleet:Hinode: Observes the Sun in multiple wavelengths up to x-rays. SVS pageRHESSI : Observes the Sun in x-rays and gamma-rays. SVS pageTRACE: Observes the Sun in visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. SVS pageTIMED: Studies the upper layers (40-110 miles up) of the Earth's atmosphere.FAST: Measures particles and fields in regions where aurora form.CINDI: Measures interactions of neutral and charged particles in the ionosphere. AIM: Images and measures noctilucent clouds. SVS pageGeospace Fleet:Geotail: Conducts measurements of electrons and ions in the Earth's magnetotail. Cluster: This is a group of four satellites which fly in formation to measure how particles and fields in the magnetosphere vary in space and time. SVS pageTHEMIS: This is a fleet of five satellites to study how magnetospheric instabilities produce substorms. SVS pageL1 Fleet: The L1 point is a Lagrange Point, a point between the Earth and the Sun where the gravitational pull is approximately equal. Spacecraft can orbit this location for continuous coverage of the Sun.SOHO: Studies the Sun with cameras and a multitude of other instruments. SVS pageACE: Measures the composition and characteristics of the solar wind. Wind: Measures particle flows and fields in the solar wind. Heliospheric FleetSTEREO-A and B: These two satellites observe the Sun, with imagers and particle detectors, off the Earth-Sun line, providing a 3-D view of solar activity. SVS pageHeliopause FleetVoyager 1 and 2: These spacecraft conducted the original 'Planetary Grand Tour' of the solar system in the 1970s and 1980s. They have now travelled further than any human-built spacecraft and are still returning measurements of the interplanetary medium. SVS pageThis enhanced, narrated visualization was shown at the SIGGRAPH 2009 Computer Animation Festival in New Orleans, LA in August 2009; an eariler version created for AGU was called NASA's Heliophysics Observatories Study the Sun and Geospace. || ", "hits": 114 }, { "id": 3590, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3590/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-07-07T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "THEMIS/ASI Nights - High Resolution", "description": "A collection of ground-based All-Sky Imagers (ASI) makes an important component of the THEMIS mission in understanding the interaction of the magnetosphere and aurora. It is sometimes referred to as the sixth THEMIS satellite. Descriptions of the instruments are available on the THEMIS-Canada Home Page. Imagery from each camera is co-registered to the surface of the Earth and assembled into a view of the auroral events. This movie presents data from the first large auroral substorm since the THEMIS launch. The substorm reached its maximum between 6:00 and 7:00 UT. Note that the ASI data in this movie are assembled from significantly higher resolution datesets than the earlier version, THEMIS/ASI Nights. The higher resolution enables you to see much finer details in the aurora structure. In addition, one notices trees circling the horizon visible to the cameras located in western Canada. || ", "hits": 100 }, { "id": 3570, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3570/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-12-15T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA's Heliophysics Observatories Study the Sun and Geospace", "description": "Heliophysics is a term to describe the study of the Sun, its atmosphere or the heliosphere, and the planets within it as a system. As a result, it encompasses the study of planetary atmospheres and their magnetic environment, or magnetospheres. These environments are important in the study of space weather.As a society dependent on technology, both in everyday life, and as part of our economic growth, space weather becomes increasingly important. Changes in space weather, either by solar events or geomagnetic events, can disrupt and even damage power grids and satellite communications. Space weather events can also generate x-rays and gamma-rays, as well as particle radiations, that can jeopardize the lives of astronauts living and working in space.This visualization tours the regions of near-Earth orbit; the Earth's magnetosphere, sometimes called geospace; the region between the Earth and the Sun; and finally out beyond Pluto, where Voyager 1 and 2 are exploring the boundary between the Sun and the rest of our Milky Way galaxy. Along the way, we see these regions patrolled by a fleet of satellites that make up NASA's Heliophysics Observatory Telescopes. Many of these spacecraft do not take images in the conventional sense but record fields, particle energies and fluxes in situ. Many of these missions are operated in conjunction with international partners, such as the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA).The Earth and distances are to scale. Larger objects are used to represent the satellites and other planets for clarity.Here are the spacecraft featured in this movie:Near-Earth Fleet:Hinode: Observes the Sun in multiple wavelengths up to x-rays. SVS pageRHESSI : Observes the Sun in x-rays and gamma-rays. SVS pageTRACE: Observes the Sun in visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. SVS pageTIMED: Studies the upper layers (40-110 miles up) of the Earth's atmosphere.FAST: Measures particles and fields in regions where aurora form.CINDI: Measures interactions of neutral and charged particles in the ionosphere. AIM: Images and measures noctilucent clouds. SVS pageGeospace Fleet:Geotail: Conducts measurements of electrons and ions in the Earth's magnetotail. Cluster: This is a group of four satellites which fly in formation to measure how particles and fields in the magnetosphere vary in space and time. SVS pageTHEMIS: This is a fleet of five satellites to study how magnetospheric instabilities produce substorms. SVS pageL1 Fleet: The L1 point is a Lagrange Point between the Sun and the Earth. Spacecraft can orbit this location for continuous coverage of the Sun.SOHO: Studies the Sun with cameras and a multitude of other instruments. SVS pageACE: Measures the composition and characteristics of the solar wind. Wind: Measures particle flows and fields in the solar wind. Heliospheric FleetSTEREO-A and B: These two satellites observe the Sun, with imagers and particle detectors, off the Earth-Sun line, providing a 3-D view of solar activity. SVS pageHeliopause FleetVoyager 1 and 2: These spacecraft conducted the original 'Planetary Grand Tour' of the solar system in the 1970s and 1980s. They have now travelled further than any human-built spacecraft and are still returning measurements of the interplanetary medium. SVS pageA refined and narrated version of this visualization, Sentinels of the Heliosphere, is now available. || ", "hits": 79 }, { "id": 10354, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10354/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2008-12-15T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "CNOFS beauty pass", "description": "The Communication/Navigation Outage Forcasting System (C/NOFS) is designed to detect and forcast scintillations in the Earth's ionosphere which result in decreased satellite to ground communications and to alert users of impending satellite communication outages. || ", "hits": 32 }, { "id": 3512, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3512/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-07-23T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "THEMIS/ASI Nights", "description": "A collection of ground-based All-Sky Imagers (ASI) make up another important component of the THEMIS mission. It is sometimes referred to as the sixth THEMIS satellite. Descriptions of the instruments are available on the THEMIS-Canada Home Page. Imagery from each camera is co-registered to the surface of the Earth and assembled into a view of the auroral events. This movie presents data from the first large auroral substorm since the THEMIS launch. The substorm reached its maximum between 6:00 and 7:00 UT. Note that the ASI data in this movie are assembled from the lower resolution quick-look data sets. These create some extra pixellation of the data in the static high-resolution views. This animation has been superceded by ID 3590: THEMIS/ASI Nights-High Resolution, which uses higher-resolution ASI data. || ", "hits": 63 }, { "id": 3513, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3513/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-07-23T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Auroral Substorm from Polar", "description": "This movie is an auroral substorm event observed by the visible light camera aboard the Polar spacecraft. Because the visible light camera records in a single broad range of wavelengths, we do not have color imagery of the event. For this movie we will color the aurora green since that is the dominant color in most cases. The VIS camera is also low resolution so the fine aurora details visible from the ground are not apparent in this movie. || ", "hits": 36 }, { "id": 3478, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3478/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2007-12-11T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "THEMIS Explores the Earth's Bow Shock", "description": "The solar wind's first contact with the Earth's magnetic field creates a region known as the bow shock, much like the bow wave of a boat moving through the water. This region can also create additional turbulence which generates bursts of explosion-like currents. In this visualization, the orbits of the THEMIS fleet are combined with a 2-D slice from a hybrid magnetosphere simulation which illustrates these turbulent regions in the bow shock. This hybrid magnetosphere simulation treats the slow-moving ions by particle-in-cell computational methods and the faster electrons as a massless fluid. These simulations more accurately represent the magnetospheric physics, enabling a view of turbulent non-linear processes not visible in the simpler magnetohydrodynamic models. In this simulation, the color table is somewhat unusual. In order of increasing density, the colors run from white through violet, blue, green to black. || ", "hits": 81 }, { "id": 20101, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20101/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2007-04-06T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Magnetic Reconnection 2", "description": "This is an update to an older magnetic reconnection animation (10072). The ionized wind from the Sun generates reconnection in the Earth's magnetic field. Particles leak in from the rediation belts producing the auroras. || ", "hits": 103 }, { "id": 3398, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3398/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2007-01-16T11:45:00-05:00", "title": "THEMIS ASI Ground Station Array", "description": "This visualization shows the 20 THEMIS ASI ground station locations. These ground stations will assist the THEMIS satellite constellation in measuring the Aurora Borealis over North America. Each ground station has an all-sky imaging white-light auroral camera and a magnetometer. The ground stations' radial coverage is rendered at 540 km. An artist's conception of an aurora is added to the second part of the visualization for context. || ", "hits": 47 }, { "id": 20096, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20096/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2007-01-11T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "THEMIS Launch and Deployment", "description": "THEMIS (Time History of Events and Microscale Interactions durind Substorms) answers fundamental outstanding questions regarding the magnetospheric substorm instability, a dominant mechanism of transport and explosive release of solar wind energy within Geospace. THEMIS will elucidate which magnetotail process is responsible for substorm onset at the region where substorm auroras map (~10Re): (i) a local disruption of the plasma sheet current or (ii) that current's interaction with the rapid influx of plasma emanating from lobe flux annihilation at ~25Re. Correlative observations from long-baseline (2-25 Re) probe conjunctions, will delineate the causal relationship and macroscale interaction between the substorm components. THEMIS's five identical probes measure particles and fields on orbits which optimize tail-aligned conjunctions over North America. || ", "hits": 68 }, { "id": 20092, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20092/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2006-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth's Energy Budget Breakout", "description": "Reigning on Earth's Climate - Only about 70% of the solar energy that reaches Earth is absorbed, while the other 30% is reflected back into space by atmosphere and aerosols, ocean/land and clouds. A closer view reveals a delicate balance between absorption and reflection as well as a release of energy by rocks, air and sea warming and emitting increasing amounts of thermal radiation (heat) in the form of long-wave infrared light. This radiation allows Earth to lose heat at the same rate it gains from the Sun. Evidence is in the land/ocean interaction, the absorption of energy by clouds, water vapor and the greenhouse gas ozone, as well as the 20-24% absorbed and emitted back by clouds. || ", "hits": 201 }, { "id": 20093, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20093/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2006-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth's Energy Budget Global View", "description": "Reigning on Earth's Climate - Only about 70% of the solar energy that reaches Earth is absorbed, while the other 30% is reflected back into space by atmosphere and aerosols, ocean/land and clouds. A closer view reveals a delicate balance between absorption and reflection as well as a release of energy by rocks, air and sea warming and emitting increasing amounts of thermal radiation (heat) in the form of long-wave infrared light. This radiation allows Earth to lose heat at the same rate it gains from the Sun. Evidence is in the land/ocean interaction, the absorption of energy by clouds, water vapor and the greenhouse gas ozone, as well as the 20-24% absorbed and emitted back by clouds. || ", "hits": 103 }, { "id": 20094, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20094/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2006-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth's Energy Budget: Land", "description": "Reigning on Earth's Climate - Only about 70% of the solar energy that reaches Earth is absorbed, while the other 30% is reflected back into space by atmosphere and aerosols, ocean/land and clouds. A closer view reveals a delicate balance between absorption and reflection as well as a release of energy by rocks, air and sea warming and emitting increasing amounts of thermal radiation (heat) in the form of long-wave infrared light. This radiation allows Earth to lose heat at the same rate it gains from the Sun. Evidence is in the land/ocean interaction, the absorption of energy by clouds, water vapor and the greenhouse gas ozone, as well as the 20-24% absorbed and emitted back by clouds. || ", "hits": 68 }, { "id": 20095, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20095/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2006-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth's Energy Budget: Water Vapor", "description": "Reigning on Earth's Climate - Only about 70% of the solar energy that reaches Earth is absorbed, while the other 30% is reflected back into space by atmosphere and aerosols, ocean/land and clouds. A closer view reveals a delicate balance between absorption and reflection as well as a release of energy by rocks, air and sea warming and emitting increasing amounts of thermal radiation (heat) in the form of long-wave infrared light. This radiation allows Earth to lose heat at the same rate it gains from the Sun. Evidence is in the land/ocean interaction, the absorption of energy by clouds, water vapor and the greenhouse gas ozone, as well as the 20-24% absorbed and emitted back by clouds. || ", "hits": 727 }, { "id": 3356, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3356/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-05-22T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "THEMIS Mission and Substorm Simulation", "description": "This visualization combines simulations of the THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms) mission orbits with a GGCM (Geospace General Circulation Model) simulation. It illustrates how the five THEMIS satellites will work together to detect substorm events in the magnetosphere. One goal of the THEMIS mission is to test how these substorm events are related to the formation of the aurora.This mission consists of five identical spacecraft (usually designated P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5) with orbits aligned so they reach their apogee along the same line from the Earth. This alignment remains fixed in space so as the Earth moves around the Sun, the constellation of spacecraft will extend on the nightside of the Earth in winter to sample the Earth's magnetosphere, and on the dayside of the Earth in summer to sample the incoming solar wind. This way they can better map the geospace environment.Probes P1 and P2 are called the 'outer probes' and P3, 4, and 5 are the 'inner probes'. P3 and P4 share the same orbit. The outer probes will detect the onset of the substorm, while the inner probes will monitor the Earthward plasma flows from the event.For more information on the GGCM model, visit the Community Coordinated Modeling Center and OpenGGCM. || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 3310, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3310/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-12-05T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Ionosphere Total Electron Content - April 2001", "description": "A view of the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) measured over North America during a storm in April 2001. Red is high electron counts, blue is low, gray where there is no data. From the pre-storm state, we see relatively low electron counts. As the storm intensity increases, so do the number of electrons. The increase will generate more interference for communications systems, GPS, etc. || ", "hits": 14 }, { "id": 3311, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3311/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-12-05T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Zoom-in to plasmapause-induced TEC enhancement - April 2001", "description": "Space weather events which disturb the plasmapause (displayed here as a green surface enclosing the Earth) can propagate down to the Earth's ionosphere. There they enhance the ionosphere electron content which can disrupt radio signals from satellites.NOTE: This visualization shows the Earth's magnetic dipole field lines rotating rigidly with the Earth. Technically, this is inaccurate. Ions and electrons in the lower atmosphere can create currents which can make these lines 'drag' with Earth's rotation, but this will occur mostly near the Earth and not higher up. More details on this process can be found in the FAQ at the The Exploration of the Earth's Magnetosphere web site, Does the Earth's magnetic field rotate?. || ", "hits": 13 }, { "id": 3312, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3312/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-12-05T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "The 'Big Picture' View of the Plasmapause and Ionospheric Electron Content - April 2001", "description": "This visualization presents a wide-angle overview of the plasmapause-Earth system. Electron content data is mapped to the sphere of the Earth. As the space storm progresses, the structure of the plasmapause becomes distorted but is still constrained by the structure of the Earth's dipolar magnetic field. || ", "hits": 9 }, { "id": 3313, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3313/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-12-05T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Ionosphere Total Electron Content - November 2003", "description": "This movie displays plume formation for a space weather event in November 2003. In this visualization, the observer is fixed between the Sun and the Earth (slightly off the center line for better perspective). Blue represents low ionospheric electron counts, dark red is high electron counts. || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 3314, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3314/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-12-05T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Time-varying Plasmapause and Electron data - April 2001", "description": "This is another view of the plasmapause and electron content data for the April 11, 2001 time frame (similar to ID 3312). This point of view is shifted slightly to the sunlit side of the Earth to present a better view of the plume formation. || ", "hits": 17 }, { "id": 3316, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3316/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-12-05T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Zoom-in to Plasmapause-Induced TEC Enhancement - April 2001 (Version 2)", "description": "Space weather events which disturb the plasmapause (displayed here as a green surface enclosing the Earth) can propagate down to the Earth's ionosphere. There they enhance the ionosphere electron content which can disrupt radio signals from satellites. This movie is a variation on animation ID 3311 with slightly different camera motions. NOTE: This visualization shows the Earth's magnetic dipole field lines rotating rigidly with the Earth. Technically, this is inaccurate. Ions and electrons in the lower atmosphere can create currents which can make these lines 'drag' with Earth's rotation, but this will occur mostly near the Earth and not higher up. More details on this process can be found in the FAQ at the The Exploration of the Earth's Magnetosphere web site, Does the Earth's magnetic field rotate?. || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 3317, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3317/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-12-05T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Zoom-in to plasmapause-induced TEC enhancement - April 2001", "description": "Space weather events which disturb the plasmapause can propagate down to the Earth's ionosphere. There they enhance the ionosphere electron content which can disrupt radio signals from satellites. This is a re-timed version of ID 3311. This version is designed to play synchronously with ID 3310, ID 3312, and ID 3314.NOTE: This visualization shows the Earth's magnetic dipole field lines rotating rigidly with the Earth. Technically, this is inaccurate. Ions and electrons in the lower atmosphere can create currents which can make these lines 'drag' with Earth's rotation, but this will occur mostly near the Earth and not higher up. More details on this process can be found in the FAQ at the The Exploration of the Earth's Magnetosphere web site, Does the Earth's magnetic field rotate?. || ", "hits": 13 }, { "id": 3170, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3170/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-06-01T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "X-Ray Images of the North Polar Region (WMS)", "description": "Here are X-rays images (shown on the same brightness scale) of the north polar region obtained by Chandra HRC-I on different days, showing large variability in soft (0.1-10.0 keV) X-ray emissions from Earth s aurora. Note that the images are not snap shots, but are approximately 20-min scans of the northern auroral region in the HRC-I field-of-view. The brightness scale in Rayleighs (R) assumes an average effective area of 40 cm2. The day-night terminator at an altitude of 0 km is displayed with lighting. The day-night terminator at an altitude of 100 km is shown by the blue line. || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 2891, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2891/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-02-10T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aurora over the North Pole on April 17, 1999 (WMS)", "description": "When the charged particles flowing outward from the Sun (the solar wind) hit the Earth's magnetic field, they are channeled down the magnetic field lines to the ionosphere at the North and South Poles. The impact of these particles on atmospheric molecules causes the molecules to emit light, which forms the visible aurora. This visualization shows the development of the aurora over the North Pole for about three hours on April 17, 1999, as seen by the ultraviolet VIS Earth Camera on the POLAR spacecraft. The two main features of these ultraviolet images are the very bright ultraviolet emission from the reflected solar radiation on the dayside of the Earth and the bright ring of the auroral oval circling the North Pole. The aurora seen in this visualization is the diffuse aurora, a very large bright band that is actually too dim to be seen well from the ground by the human eye. What we normally think of as the aurora are the even brighter curtains of light within the diffuse auroral caused by very energetic electrons. These curtains are too small to be seen in this image. The diffuse aurora appears as a ring around the pole rather than as a bright spot over the entire pole because the solar particles actually spend extended time wandering about within the Earth's magnetic field before traveling down a very select set of magnetic field lines to the Earth. Near the end of this three hour period, the spacecraft was getting so close to the Earth that the edges of the globe were outside the camera's image, which accounts for the growing circular data gaps over Asia and the Pacific Ocean. || ", "hits": 17 }, { "id": 20072, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20072/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2003-03-25T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Magnetic Fields", "description": "This computer animation illustrates the Earth's space storm shield in action. The solar wind, a thin, high-velocity electrified gas, or plasma, blows constantly from the Sun at an average speed of 250 miles per second (400 kilometers/sec). It is represented as a stream of yellow particles flowing from the Sun. The solar wind impacts the Earth's magnetic field, represented by the blue lines. As the solar wind flows past the Earth's magnetic field, it generates enormous electric currents that heat Earth's space storm shield — a layer in the Earth's electrically charged outer atmosphere (ionosphere) — causing the shield to eject electrically charged oxygen atoms (oxygen ions) into space. The expelled oxygen ions are represented by the green particle streams. The ejected oxygen ions gain tremendous speed as they leave the atmosphere, become trapped by the Earth's magnetic field and ultimately encircle the Earth, where they form a billion-degree plasma cloud around the planet, represented by the red cloud. The blue doughnut shape represents the high-speed flow of these particles around the Earth. The red 'ring of fire' around the Earth's polar regions represents the contribution of the particles to the aurora (the northern and southern lights). || ", "hits": 249 }, { "id": 777, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/777/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-12-08T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Polar: PIXIE at Apogee on May 11, 1999 (North)", "description": "On May 11, 1999, the solar wind that blows constantly from the Sun virtually disappeared. Dropping to a small fraction of its normal density and to half its normal speed, the solar wind died down enough to allow physicists to observe particles flowing directly from the Sun's corona to Earth. This severe change in the solar wind also drastically changed the shape of Earth's magnetic field and produced a rare auroral display at Earth's North Pole. || ", "hits": 46 } ] }