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    "results": [
        {
            "id": 5234,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5234/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2024-03-12T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AIRS Global Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) measurements (2002-October 2023)",
            "description": "Data visualization showing the global distribution and variation of the concentration of mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua spacecraft over a 20 year timespan.",
            "hits": 174
        },
        {
            "id": 40503,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/hyperwall-power-playlist-earth-science/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2023-08-28T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Hyperwall Power Playlist - Earth Science Focus",
            "description": "This is a collection of our most powerful, newsworthy, and frequently used Hyperwall-ready visualizations, along with several that haven't gotten the attention they deserve. They're especially great for more general or top-level science talks, or to \"set the scene\" before a deep dive into a more focused subject or dataset. We've tried to cover the subject areas our speakers focus on most. \n\nIf you're not seeing what you're looking for, there is a huge library of visualizations more localized or specialized in subject - please use the Search function above, and filter \"Result type\" for \"Hyperwall Visual.\"\n\n If you'd like to use one of these visualizations in your Hyperwall presentation, we'll need to know which element on which page. On the visualization's web page, below the visual you'd like to use, you'll see a Link icon next to the Download button. All we need is for you to click on that icon and include that link in your presentation Powerpoint/Keynote or visualization list. Additionally, please check our Hyperwall How-To Guide  for tips on designing your Hyperwall presentation, file specifications, and Powerpoint/Keynote templates.",
            "hits": 235
        },
        {
            "id": 14396,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14396/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2023-08-14T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA Confirms July 2023 is Warmest Month on Record",
            "description": "July 2023 was hotter than any other month in the global temperature record, according to an analysis by scientists at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS). Earth in July 2023 was 1.18ºC (2.12ºF) warmer than the average for the month, and warmer than any other month in the 143-year record.\"We know that this is having impacts, said NASA Climate Scientist and GISS Director Gavin Schmidt. “We know that it is inducing heat waves. We know that it is leading to more intense rainfall, we're seeing that in many places in the world. And we know it's a contributing factor to the growth of wildfires in areas that have been affected by the temperatures.\" The warmer-than-usual July continues a long-term trend of warming, driven primarily by human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. July 2023 was 0.24°C (0.43°F) warmer than any previous July in NASA’s record. And according to GISS temperature anomaly data, the top-five hottest Julys since 1880 have all happened in the past five years. Read more here.Data supporting this temperature analysis comes from tens of thousands of meteorological stations, along with instruments on ships and buoys.For more video resources on climate change, visit the Climate Essentials animation gallery.To learn more about NASA's contribution to understanding Earth's climate, visit NASA's Global Climate Change site. || ",
            "hits": 261
        },
        {
            "id": 5024,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5024/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2023-01-31T22:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "20 years of AIRS Global Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) measurements (2002-October 2022)",
            "description": "Data visualization of global carbon dioxide (CO₂) for the period September 2002-October 2022, showcasing data products from NASA's Aqua mission. Data visualization assets are designed for HD resolution. || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.0794_print.jpg (1024x576) [170.8 KB] || 60South_exr (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [25.0 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.0794.exr (1920x1080) [5.5 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [3.0 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.mp4.hwshow [194 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 123
        },
        {
            "id": 5025,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5025/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2022-09-14T17:30:00-04:00",
            "title": "20 years of AIRS Global Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) measurements (2002-May 2022)",
            "description": "Data visualization of global carbon dioxide (CO₂) for the period September 2002-May 2022, showcasing data products from NASA's Aqua mission. Data visualization assets are designed for HD resolution. || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.0779.png (1920x1080) [1.8 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.0779_print.jpg (1024x576) [171.8 KB] || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.mp4 (1920x1080) [31.8 MB] || 60South_exr (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.webm (1920x1080) [3.0 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.mp4.hwshow [194 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 50
        },
        {
            "id": 40447,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/visualizationsfor-educators/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2022-08-17T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Visualizations for Educators",
            "description": "Phenomena are observable events that occur in nature. Data visualizations can offer new ways for students to experience and explore Earth and space phenomena that happen over large scales of time and at great distances. This gallery includes visualizations of phenomena that support topics that are taught in middle and high school and are aligned with select Next Generation Science Standards.\n\n\nThis gallery was curated by Anne Arundle County Science Teachers Margaret Graham and Jeremy Milligan with support from Dr. Rachel Connolly during the summer of 2022. A video showing how Jeremy Milligan uses SVS resources to develop a phenomena-based lesson is also available.",
            "hits": 286
        },
        {
            "id": 4990,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4990/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2022-05-28T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "20 years of AIRS Global Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) measurements (2002- March 2022)",
            "description": "Data visualization of global carbon dioxide (CO2) for the period September 2002-March 2022, showcasing data products from NASA's Aqua mission. Data visualization assets are designed for HD resolution. || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.0771.png (1920x1080) [1.8 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [24.2 MB] || composite_60South (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [2.9 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.mp4.hwshow [228 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 74
        },
        {
            "id": 40433,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/science-ona-sphere-gallery/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2021-11-23T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Science On a Sphere Gallery",
            "description": "Content for NOAA's Science on a Sphere and related spherical display platforms.",
            "hits": 259
        },
        {
            "id": 40016,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/climate-essentials/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2021-11-10T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Climate Essentials",
            "description": "This Climate Essentials multimedia gallery brings together the latest and most popular climate-related images, data visualizations and video features from Goddard Space Flight Center. For more multimedia resources on climate and other topics, search the Scientific Visualization Studio. To learn more about NASA's contribution to understanding Earth's climate, visit the Global Climate Change site.",
            "hits": 327
        },
        {
            "id": 4882,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4882/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2021-01-14T11:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2020",
            "description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2016-2020. Scale in degrees Celsius. || print_cel2020_00000_print.jpg (1024x576) [184.6 KB] || print_cel2020_00000_searchweb.png (320x180) [71.3 KB] || print_cel2020_00000_thm.png (80x40) [6.5 KB] || GISSTEMP_celsius_fade_composite.mp4 (1920x1080) [69.1 MB] || GISSTEMP_celsius_fade_composite.webm (1920x1080) [3.4 MB] || print_cel2020_00000.tif (3840x2160) [23.7 MB] || ",
            "hits": 510
        },
        {
            "id": 40388,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/nasaearth-science/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2019-09-13T10:53:37-04:00",
            "title": "NASA Earth Science",
            "description": "NASA’s Earth Science Division (ESD) missions help us to understand our planet’s interconnected systems, from a global scale down to minute processes. Working in concert with a satellite network of international partners, ESD can measure precipitation around the world, and it can employ its own constellation of small satellites to look into the eye of a hurricane. ESD technology can track dust storms across continents and mosquito habitats across cities.\n\nFor more information:\nhttps://science.nasa.gov/earth-science",
            "hits": 193
        },
        {
            "id": 4654,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4654/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2018-12-14T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Evolution of the Meteorological Observing System in the MERRA-2 Reanalysis",
            "description": "Meteorological Observing Systems, 1980 and 2018. Data is revealed within a moving 1.5 hour window centered on the time shown. || gmao_HW.00300_print.jpg (1024x345) [102.7 KB] || gmao_HW.00300_searchweb.png (320x180) [93.0 KB] || gmao_HW.00300_thm.png (80x40) [6.4 KB] || gmao_HW_1920_648p30.webm (1920x648) [11.9 MB] || gmao_HW_1920_648p30.mp4 (1920x648) [134.3 MB] || 9600x3240_80x27_30p (9600x3240) [0 Item(s)] || ",
            "hits": 65
        },
        {
            "id": 4683,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4683/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2018-10-10T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA Scientists see Gravity Waves in Concentric Rings",
            "description": "NASA scientists have tracked gravity waves traveling thousands of miles across our atmosphere in concentric rings. Large storms can create these waves, which grow and spread upward hundreds of miles above Earth's surface. The AIRS instrument on NASA's Aqua satellite detected gravity waves in the troposphere and stratosphere 12 hours before a deadly EF5 tornado in Moore, Oklahoma, in 2013.  On the instrument's next pass 11 hours later, it detected even stronger waves.We pull up 250 miles to the ionosphere, where the waves can be observed by GPS satellites. Here gravity waves are shown in greens and yellows, like ripples in a pond.  The waves and tornado were both produced by a long-lived storm system.Understanding the spread of gravity waves improves global weather forecasting and space weather forecasting.Complete transcript available.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || GravityWavesBeforeAfterMooreTornado_0740_print.jpg (1024x576) [131.1 KB] || GravityWavesBeforeAfterMooreTornado_0740_searchweb.png (320x180) [102.9 KB] || GravityWavesBeforeAfterMooreTornado_0740_thm.png (80x40) [8.3 KB] || GravityWavesBeforeAfterMooreTornado_0740.tif (1920x1080) [3.2 MB] || GravityWavesMooreOK-SameWordsDifferentOrder.webm (1920x1080) [7.4 MB] || GWfacebook-AIRS-TEC-GOES-4k-audio.mp4 (1920x1080) [76.1 MB] || GravityWavesMooreOK-SameWordsDifferentOrder.mp4 (1920x1080) [117.1 MB] || composite (3849x2160) [0 Item(s)] || GW4k-AIRS-TEC-GOES-4k-audio-youtube.en_US.srt [1.2 KB] || GW4k-AIRS-TEC-GOES-4k-audio-youtube.en_US.vtt [1.2 KB] || GW4k-AIRS-TEC-GOES-4k-audio-youtube.mp4 (3840x2160) [240.0 MB] || GWfacebook-AIRS-TEC-GOES-4k-audio.mp4.hwshow [199 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 96
        },
        {
            "id": 30973,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30973/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2018-05-27T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Aoba (Ambae) Volcano Eruption, Vanuatu",
            "description": "Activity for Aoba (Ambae) volcano has increased in recent months and is now in a minor eruption state. A restricted area of risk which is 3km around the active vent has been established as the volcano began to become more active in March and early April 2018.  At that time the volcano began to emit more and sustained volcanic ash or/ and gases. Vanuatu’s Council of Ministers has declared a state of emergency on Ambae due to the heavy ash fall which has contaminated water and food supplies for the island’s nearly 11,000 inhabitants, who are in the process of being evacuated from the island. || ",
            "hits": 71
        },
        {
            "id": 40348,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/esddatafor-societal-benefits/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2018-04-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "ESD data for Societal Benefit",
            "description": "No description available.",
            "hits": 203
        },
        {
            "id": 40323,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/applied-science/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2017-03-30T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Applied Science",
            "description": "Discovering innovative and practical uses of Earth observations\n\nappliedsciences.nasa.gov",
            "hits": 58
        },
        {
            "id": 40317,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/vcearth-video-wall/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2017-02-02T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "VC Earth Video Wall",
            "description": "list of videos to display on video wall in Earth science exhibit at Goddard Visitor Center",
            "hits": 13
        },
        {
            "id": 4533,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4533/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2016-12-15T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Atmospheric CO2 from AIRS 2002-2016",
            "description": "This visualization is an update of the global distribution and variation of the concentration of mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua spacecraft. For comparison, it is overlain by a graph of the seasonal variation and interannual increase of carbon dioxide observed at the Mauna Loa, Hawaii observatory.The two most notable features of this visualization are the seasonal variation of CO2 and the trend of increase in its concentration from year to year. The global map clearly shows that the CO2 in the northern hemisphere peaks in April-May and then drops to a minimum in September-October. Although the seasonal cycle is less pronounced in the southern hemisphere it is opposite to that in the northern hemisphere. This seasonal cycle is governed by the growth cycle of plants. The northern hemisphere has the majority of the land masses, and so the amplitude of the cycle is greater in that hemisphere. The overall color of the map shifts toward the red with advancing time due to the annual increase of CO2. || ",
            "hits": 47
        },
        {
            "id": 4520,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4520/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2016-11-10T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Early 2016 Winter Storm Melts Arctic Sea Ice",
            "description": "This visualization starts with a global view of the Western hemisphere. The viewer then moves in over the arctic on December 27, 2015. Winds and air temperature fade in as time moves forward. A low pressure system then moves in pushing warm air ahead of it. The warm air moves over the Arctic sea ice, contributing to dramatic melting of the sea ice concentration in this region. || arctic_cyclone_comp7.0710_print.jpg (1024x576) [214.4 KB] || arctic_cyclone_comp7.0710_searchweb.png (320x180) [121.2 KB] || arctic_cyclone_comp7.0710_thm.png (80x40) [7.4 KB] || arctic_cyclone_comp7_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [45.6 MB] || arctic_cyclone_comp7_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [28.2 MB] || comp (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || date_overlay (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || low_pressure_overlay (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || wind_overlay (1920x1080) [64.0 KB] || temperature_overlay (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || country_names_overlay (1920x1080) [64.0 KB] || earth_with_sea_ice_background (1920x1080) [64.0 KB] || arctic_cyclone_comp7_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.9 MB] || arctic_cyclone_comp7_360p30.mp4 (640x360) [11.1 MB] || ",
            "hits": 28
        },
        {
            "id": 40302,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/svsyoutube-candidates/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2016-06-03T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "SVS YouTube Candidates",
            "description": "These are the proposed visualization candidates to be included in the SVS YouTube Channel.",
            "hits": 149
        },
        {
            "id": 40269,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/carbon-gallery/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2015-11-10T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Carbon and Climate",
            "description": "As carbon dioxide levels in Earth's atmosphere have increased in recent decades, the planet's land and ocean have continued to absorb about half of manmade emissions.  NASA’s Earth science program works to improve our understanding of how carbon absorption and emission processes work in nature. It also seeks to track how these processes might change in a warming world with increasing levels of carbon dioxide and methane emissions from human activities.\nThe volume of carbon dioxide pumped into the atmosphere by human activities is the dominant force driving ongoing and future climate change. While NASA isn’t involved in policies around emissions levels, the agency’s scientists are targeting what can be called the \"other half\" of this carbon and climate equation – what will happen with the 50 percent of carbon dioxide emissions that are currently absorbed by the ocean, forests and other land ecosystems?\n\nThe twenty-first Conference of Parties (COP-21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change will take place in Paris, France, November 30 to December 11, 2015. Each year, the COP meets for two weeks to discuss the state of Earth’s climate and how best to deal with future climate change. Hosted by the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. Center at COP-21 is a major public outreach initiative to inform attendees about key climate initiatives and scientific research taking place in the U.S. As has been the standard for several years, NASA scientists will be present to show examples of our ongoing research.",
            "hits": 191
        },
        {
            "id": 4379,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4379/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2015-10-09T14:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Making Video Games for NASA",
            "description": "This gallery was created for Earth Science Week 2015 and beyond. It includes a quick start guide for educators and first-hand stories (blogs) for learners of all ages by NASA visualizers, scientists and educators. We hope that your understanding and use of NASA's visualizations will only increase as your appreciation grows for the beauty of the science they portray, and the communicative power they hold. Read all the blogs and find educational resources for all ages at: the Earth Science Week 2015 page.How would you like to fly alongside a NASA satellite and see the Earth as the satellite's instruments see it? You can, with a free app called NASA's Eyes on the Earth. It includes NASA's entire fleet of Earth-observing satellites. Ride along virtually with any of them in real time or at super-speed. || ",
            "hits": 46
        },
        {
            "id": 4260,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4260/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2015-02-02T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Ozone Volumetric Rendering Tests",
            "description": "Ozone Test || ozone_test1.0900_print.jpg (1024x576) [49.0 KB] || ozone_test1.0900_searchweb.png (320x180) [42.3 KB] || ozone_test1.0900_thm.png (80x40) [4.1 KB] || ozone_test1 (1280x720) [64.0 KB] || ozone_test1_720.webm (1280x720) [3.5 MB] || ozone_test1_720.mp4 (1280x720) [6.2 MB] || This animation is result of a series of tests of volumetric rendering techniques, using AIRS ozone data. || ",
            "hits": 16
        },
        {
            "id": 40415,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/whats-newwith-earth-today/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2015-01-04T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "What's New with Earth Today",
            "description": "Explore the latest visualizations of NASA's Earth Observing satellites and the data they collect.  NASA researchers are constantly tracking remote-sensing data and modeling processes to better understand our home planet.",
            "hits": 172
        },
        {
            "id": 30556,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30556/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2014-12-10T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Atmospheric CO₂ Trends",
            "description": "Fossil fuel combustion and other human activities are now increasing the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) abundance to unprecedented rates.  It is estimated that approximately 36 billion tons of CO2 are added to the atmosphere each year. The large graph shown here is an animated version of the standard Keeling curve from 1980 to September 2014. The red line denotes ground-based measurements from the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, while yellow denotes observations from the South Pole Observatory. Purple denotes the global trend. The smaller graph in the upper left shows satellite measurements of tropospheric CO2 concentrations (white dots) at different latitudes from September 2002 to September 2014, obtained by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) instruments. Note how the Northern Hemisphere has greater variably and generally higher levels of CO2 than the Southern Hemisphere. In May of 2013, these emissions pushed the monthly average CO2 concentrations above 400 parts per million (ppm)—a level that has not been reached during the past 800,000 years. These ever-increasing levels are raising concerns about greenhouse-gas-induced climate change. || ",
            "hits": 172
        },
        {
            "id": 4184,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4184/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2014-06-30T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "2014 Update Aqua/AIRS Carbon Dioxide with Mauna Loa Carbon Dioxide",
            "description": "This visualization is a time-series of the global distribution and variation of the concentration of mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua spacecraft. For comparison, it is overlain by a graph of the seasonal variation and interannual increase of carbon dioxide observed at the Mauna Loa, Hawaii observatory.The graph shows data, commonly called the Keeling Curve, from the Scripps measurements of monthly carbon dioxide concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory. The collection of this data was started by C. David Keeling of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in March of 1958 at a facility of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [Keeling, 1976]. The two most notable features of this visualization are the seasonal variation of carbon dioxide and the trend of increase in its concentration from year to year. The global map clearly shows that the carbon dioxide in the Northern Hemisphere peaks in April-May and then drops to a minimum in September-October. Although the seasonal cycle is less pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere it is opposite to that in the Northern Hemisphere. This seasonal cycle is governed by the growth cycle of plants. The Northern Hemisphere has the majority of the land masses, and so the amplitude of the cycle is greater in that hemisphere. The overall color of the map shifts toward the red with advancing time due to the annual increase of carbon dioxide.The concentration of carbon dioxide in the mid-troposphere lags the concentration found at the surface as mixing from the lower to upper altitudes usually takes days to weeks.More information about AIRS can be found at http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov.  More information about the carbon dioxide concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory can be found at http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/ || ",
            "hits": 44
        },
        {
            "id": 4082,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4082/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-06-06T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AIRS Monthly Carbon Dioxide, September 2009 - September 2010",
            "description": "Monthly Carbon Dioxide measurements by Aqua/AIRS. || Monthly Carbon Dioxide images for hyperwall. || co2-2009-09.png (4096x1501) [447.8 KB] || co2-2009-09_print.jpg (1024x375) [71.8 KB] || co2-2009-09_searchweb.png (320x180) [91.6 KB] || co2-2009-09_thm.png (80x40) [7.5 KB] || 4096x1501_16x9_30p (4096x1501) [0 Item(s)] || Colorbar for Carbon Dioxide animation. || co2_cb_375.0_395.0_240colors_web.png (320x41) [6.2 KB] || co2_cb_375.0_395.0_240colors.tif (552x71) [115.3 KB] || ",
            "hits": 27
        },
        {
            "id": 11012,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11012/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2012-07-17T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "A Sky For All Seasons",
            "description": "Globally, carbon dioxide levels remain on a steady, long-term rise. However, concentrations of the heat-trapping gas are distributed unevenly around the world and change with the seasons. NASA's ability to track these changes by satellite, first achieved in 2008, provides a new way to study the interaction between carbon dioxide and the vegetation that absorbs it from the atmosphere. As plant life begins to draw the greenhouse gas from the air each spring, carbon dioxide levels plunge. When plants go dormant in winter, levels start to rise. The visualization illustrates this relationship by layering NASA satellite data of carbon dioxide levels over a global map of vegetation growth from 2003 to 2006. Notice the cyclical changes in carbon dioxide levels in the Northern Hemisphere compared to the Southern Hemisphere. The significantly larger population and landmass north of the equator makes for both increased human-caused emissions and carbon dioxide absorption. || ",
            "hits": 25
        },
        {
            "id": 3947,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3947/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-07-08T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Watching the Earth Breathe: <br>An Animation of Seasonal Vegetation and its effect on Earth's Global Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide",
            "description": "In this animation, NASA instruments show the seasonal cycle of vegetation and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The animation begins on January 1, when the northern hemisphere is in winter and the southern hemisphere is in summer. At this time of year, the bulk of living vegetation, shown in green, hovers around the equator and below it, in the southern hemisphere.As the animation plays forward through mid-April, the concentration of carbon dioxide, shown in orange-yellow, in the middle part of Earth's lowest atmospheric layer, the troposphere, increases and spreads throughout the northern hemisphere, reaching a maximum around May. This blooming effect of carbon dioxide follows the seasonal changes that occur in northern latitude ecosystems, in which deciduous trees lose their leaves, resulting in a net release of carbon dioxide through a process called respiration. Carbon dioxide is also released in early spring as soils begin to warm. Almost 10 percent of atmospheric carbon dioxide passes through soils each year.After April, the northern hemisphere moves into late spring and summer and plants begin to grow, reaching a peak in the late summer. The process of plant photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the air. The animation shows how carbon dioxide is scrubbed out of the atmosphere by the large volume of new and growing vegetation. Following the peak in vegetation, the drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide due to photosynthesis becomes apparent, particularly over the boreal forests.Note that there is roughly a three-month lag between the state of vegetation at Earth's surface and its effect on carbon dioxide in the middle troposphere.Data like these give scientists a new opportunity to better understand the relationships between carbon dioxide in Earth's middle troposphere and the seasonal cycle of vegetation near the surface.Creating the AnimationThis animation was created with data taken from two NASA spaceborne instruments. The concentration of carbon dioxide data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), a weather and climate instrument that flies aboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft, is overlain on measurements of vegetation index from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, also on NASA's Aqua spacecraft, to better understand how photosynthesis and respiration influences the atmospheric carbon dioxide cycle over the globe. The animation runs from January through December and repeats. The AIRS tropospheric carbon dioxide seasonal cycle values were made by averaging AIRS data collected between 2003 and 2010, from which the annual carbon dioxide growth trend of 2 parts per million per year has been removed. For example, the data used for January 1 is actually an average of eight years of AIRS carbon dioxide data taken each year on January 1. The vegetation values were made using data averaged over a four-year period, from 2003 to 2006.Further DetailAIRS uses infrared technology to determine the concentration of atmospheric water vapor and several important trace gases as well as information about temperature and clouds. AIRS orbits Earth from pole-to-pole at an altitude of 438 miles (705 kilometers), measuring Earth's infrared spectrum in 3,278 channels spanning a wavelength range from 3.74 microns to 15.4 microns. Originally designed to improve weather forecasts, AIRS has improved operational five-day weather forecasts more than any other single instrument over the past decade. AIRS has also been found to be sensitive to atmospheric carbon dioxide in the middle troposphere, at an altitude of 5 to 10 kilometers or 3 to 6 miles. AIRS is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., under contract to NASA. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. For further information, access the AIRS projectThe MODIS instrument is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. For further information, access the MODIS project. || ",
            "hits": 198
        },
        {
            "id": 10903,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10903/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2012-02-09T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Carbonivores",
            "description": "We all inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide with every breath. For plants, it's the opposite. Tiny pores on leaves absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen as part of a cellular process that converts sunlight and water into energy. Individually, plants take in small amounts of carbon dioxide from the air, but en masse the world's vegetation behaves like a giant lung that can change the composition of the atmosphere. The visualization below, which is based on data from the MODIS instrument and four years of carbon dioxide measurements from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on NASA's Aqua satellite, reveals how carbon dioxide concentrations fluctuate due to vegetation cover on land. Here, flashing white squares represent carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Notice a sharp reduction in squares as vegetation thrives during the Northern Hemisphere summer. Conversely, more squares are present in winter as vegetation losses lead to rising carbon dioxide levels across the globe. || ",
            "hits": 60
        },
        {
            "id": 10893,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10893/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2012-01-12T11:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Aqua Podcast Series",
            "description": "This page will soon feature six videos about the Aqua satellite mission, starting with an introductory video, followed by weekly additions of videos highlighting the AIRS, AMSR-E, MODIS, and CERES instruments, and concluding with a video featuring applications of Aqua data. || ",
            "hits": 28
        },
        {
            "id": 10854,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10854/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2011-12-08T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Discovering A Belt Of Carbon Dioxide",
            "description": "When scientists got their first glimpse of satellite data showing the distribution of carbon dioxide throughout the atmosphere, they in part saw what they expected: an uneven distribution of the greenhouse gas over the globe, with higher levels in the more populated, more industrial Northern Hemisphere. But they also saw a dominant feature that was wholly unexpected. A continuous belt of higher carbon dioxide concentrations circled an area in the Southern Hemisphere that covered the tip of South America, Africa and southern Australia. Computer models that predict how chemicals move throughout the atmosphere did not predict this band. Scientists now think that strong thunderstorms and winds that flow around South America's high Andes Mountains lift carbon dioxide into what's called the \"free troposphere.\" There it becomes trapped in the jet stream of the mid-latitudes, which propel it around the world. The sources of this belt are many: industry and power plants in coal-rich South Africa, electricity generation in eastern Australia and in Buenos Aires, Argentina, as well as plant respiration and fires. Watch the visualization below to see the first evidence of the belt, as detected by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument aboard NASA's Aqua satellite in 2003. AIRS now provides scientists with unprecedented global data on greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. || ",
            "hits": 23
        },
        {
            "id": 10853,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10853/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2011-12-06T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Following The Carbon Monoxide Trail",
            "description": "The slash-and-burn practices farmers use in parts of South America to clear land before planting in the spring added to a severe Amazon fire season in 2005. Dramatic increases in carbon monoxide were recorded over South America in August, September, and October of that year. But a satellite instrument also saw the fire emissions travel far beyond the continent. Plumes of the colorless, odorless gas, which can linger in the atmosphere up to three months, moved across the Atlantic Ocean and likely affected the air quality over Africa. Scientists measured this carbon monoxide path using an instrument called AIRS onboard NASA's Aqua satellite. AIRS was designed to measure water vapor, clouds, and air and land temperatures. Once it was launched, scientists realized they could use it to make global carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide measurements, providing unprecedented global views of greenhouse gas distributions in the atmosphere. Watch in the visualization below how AIRS saw carbon monoxide fire emissions sweep out over the Atlantic Ocean, above Africa, toward the Indian Ocean and all the way to Australia. || ",
            "hits": 24
        },
        {
            "id": 3882,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3882/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-11-08T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Carbon Monoxide",
            "description": "AIRS' global carbon monoxide measurements are important because scientists can monitor the transport of fire emissions around the globe on a daily basis. Previously, carbon monoxide measurements came from satellite instruments that saw only part of the Earth each day or from weather balloons. Prior to AIRS, scientists had to integrate those observations with computer models to infer the day-to-day impact of fire emissions on the atmosphere. AIRS provides daily, global coverage. AIRS also measures some of the key atmospheric gases that affect climate, including ozone, methane, and dust and other aerosols.Tropospheric CO abundances are retrieved from the 4.67 m region of AIRS spectra as one of the last steps of the AIRS team algorithm. AIRS' 1600 km cross-track swath and cloud-clearing retrieval capabilities provide daily global CO maps over approximately 70% of the Earth. The streak of red, orange, and yellow across South America, Africa, and the Atlantic Ocean in this animation points to high levels of carbon monoxide, as measured by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument flying on NASA's Aqua satellite. The carbon monoxide primarily comes from fires burning in the Amazon basin, with some additional contribution from fires in southern Africa. The animation shows carbon monoxide transport sweeping east throughout August, September, and October 2005. || ",
            "hits": 58
        },
        {
            "id": 3850,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3850/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-08-30T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Extreme Russian Fires and Pakistan Floods Linked Meteorologically",
            "description": "In the summer of 2010, months of record-breaking drought and temperatures culminated with a rash of fires that ravaged western Russia for weeks. Temperatures in Moscow soared to an average of 104 °F (40 °C) during late July and early August — more than 18 °F (10  °C) above normal. Hundreds of fires broke out producing some $15 million in damages. The heat and smoke killed about 56,000 people, making the Russian wildfires fires one of the most lethal natural disasters of the year.Meanwhile, some 930 kilometers (1,500 miles) away, relentless rainfall was simultaneously pounding Pakistan and generating intense flooding. The Pakistan Meteorological Department reported nationwide rain totals 70 percent above normal in July and 102 percent above normal in August.New research conducted by William Lau, an atmospheric scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., suggests the two seemingly disconnected events were actually closely linked.Under normal circumstances, the jet stream pushes weather fronts through Eurasia in four or five days, but something unusual happened in July of 2010. A large-scale, stagnant weather pattern — known as an Omega blocking event — slowed the Rossby wave over Russia and prevented the normal progression of weather systems from west to east.As a result, a large region of high-pressure formed over Russia trapping a hot, dry air mass over the area. As the high lingered, the land surface dried and the normal transfer of moisture from the soil to the atmosphere slowed. Precipitation ceased, vegetation dried out, and the region became a taiga tinderbox.Meanwhile, the blocking pattern created unusual downstream wind patterns over Pakistan. Areas of low pressure on the leading edge of the Rossby wave formed in response to the high, pulling cold, dry Siberian air into lower latitudes.This cold air from Siberia clashed with warm, moist air arriving over Pakistan from the Bay of Bengal as part of the monsoon. There's nothing unusual about moisture moving north over India toward the Himalayas. It's a normal part of the monsoon. However, in this case, the unusual wind patterns associated with the blocking high brought upper level air disturbances farther south than typical, which in effect helped shifted the entire monsoon system north and west.This brought heavy monsoon rains — centered over parts of India — squarely over the northern part of Pakistan, a region ill-prepared to handle large amounts of rain. || ",
            "hits": 36
        },
        {
            "id": 3812,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3812/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-04-01T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Arctic Carbon Dioxide",
            "description": "The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, AIRS, was launched aboard the Aqua Spacecraft in 2002 as part of NASA's Earth Observing System Afternoon Constellation of satellites known as the 'A-Train. The most important trace gas retrieved by AIRS for the study of anthropogenic effects on climate is carbon dioxide. AIRS CO2 retrievals use an analytical method for the determination of carbon dioxide and other minor gases in the troposphere from AIRS spectra. AIRS has provided the first satellite retrieval of mid-tropospheric CO2 under cloudy conditions, without the use of a priori information from models. AIRS retrievals use cloud-cleared thermal IR radiance spectra in the 15 micron band with an accuracy better than 2 ppm, making it ideal for mapping the distribution and transport of carbon dioxide levels in the free troposphere. || ",
            "hits": 39
        },
        {
            "id": 40079,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/atrain/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2010-10-18T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "A-Train visualizations",
            "description": "From Oct. 25-28, 2010, scientists from around the world gathered in New Orleans for the second-ever symposium on science born of NASA's \"A-Train.\" The Afternoon Train, or \"A-Train,\" for short, is a constellation of satellites that travel along the same track as they orbit Earth. Four satellites currently fly in the A-Train - Aqua, CloudSat, CALIPSO, and Aura. Three more satellites -- Glory, GCOM-W1, and OCO-2 -- are scheduled to join the configuration in 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively. This page features a selection of some of the A-Train's \"greatest hits\" gathered into two sections.  The first contains overview materials giving a big-picture look of the A-Train and NASA satellites.  The second section contains mostly visualizations featuring a single instrument or instruments on A-Train satellites.  (For the purposes of this page, each visual has been labeled with the A-Train data set it was produced from, but keep in mind, visuals are often the product of many data sets from many different satellites.) For more about A-Train constellation science, visit: http://atrain.gsfc.nasa.gov/ \nAnd for more information on the symposium:  http://a-train-neworleans2010.larc.nasa.gov/",
            "hits": 105
        },
        {
            "id": 40075,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/energy-essentials/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2010-08-17T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Energy Essentials",
            "description": "Energy. What do we really know about it? Where does the energy we use come from? How does energy flow through the systems of our planet? How is our energy consumption changing our climate? Who uses the most energy? In celebration of Earth Science Week's 2010 theme, Exploring Energy, NASA presents a multimedia gallery that helps answer some of these questions.  The images, data visualizations, animations and videos in this gallery highlight how NASA satellite data and research help us better understand how much is reaching Earth from the Sun, how it's distributed across the Earth, where humans are tapping into that energy, and the many ways in which our energy use is transforming our planet. You can download the imagery in a variety of formats directly from this site. For more multimedia resources on energy and other topics, search the Scientific Visualization Studio. To learn more about Earth Science Week 2010, visit the Earth Science Week web site.",
            "hits": 240
        },
        {
            "id": 3685,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3685/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-03-15T23:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Aqua/AIRS Carbon Dioxide, 2002-2009, With Mauna Loa Carbon Dioxide Graph",
            "description": "This visualization is a time-series of the global distribution and variation of the concentration of mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua spacecraft. For comparison, it is overlain by a graph of the seasonal variation and interannual increase of carbon dioxide observed at the Mauna Loa, Hawaii observatory. The AIRS data show the average concentration (parts per million) over an altitude range of 3 km to 13 km, whereas the Mauna Loa data show the concentration at an altitude of 3.4 km and its annual increase at a rate of approximately 2 parts per million (ppm) per year. The two most notable features of this visualization are the seasonal variation of CO2 and the trend of increase in its concentration from year to year. The global map clearly shows that the CO2 in the northern hemisphere peaks in April-May and then drops to a minimum in September-October. Although the seasonal cycle is less pronounced in the southern hemisphere it is opposite to that in the northern hemisphere. This seasonal cycle is governed by the growth cycle of plants. The northern hemisphere has the majority of the land masses, and so the amplitude of the cycle is greater in that hemisphere. The overall color of the map shifts toward the red with advancing time due to the annual increase of CO2. Although the mid-latitude jet streams are not visible in the map, we can see their influence upon the distribution of CO2 around the globe. These rivers of air occur at an altitude of about 5 km and rapidly transport CO2 around the globe at that altitude. In the northern hemisphere, the mid-latitude jet stream squirms like a released garden hose over the period of a few days due to the continental landmasses. In the southern hemisphere the jet stream flow is more directly West to East, and during the period from July to October the CO2 concentration is enhanced in a belt delineated by the jet stream and lofting of CO2 into the free troposphere by the high Andes is visible in this period. The zonal flow of CO2 around the globe at the latitude of South Africa, southern Australia and southern South America is readily apparent. Eastward flow of CO2 from Indonesia and the Celebes sea can be seen in the November to February time frame. || ",
            "hits": 49
        },
        {
            "id": 40036,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/2002hurricane-season/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2010-03-08T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "2002 Hurricane Season",
            "description": "No description available.",
            "hits": 28
        },
        {
            "id": 10579,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10579/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2010-02-25T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "A Warming World Promo",
            "description": "This short video announces the launch of the \"A Warming World\" Web page on NASAs Global Climate Change Web site:http://climate.nasa.gov/warmingworld/A Warming World features videos, images, articles and interactive visuals that discuss rising global temperatures and the impact of greenhouse gases as the main contributor to modern climate trends. For complete transcript, click here. || Warming_World_svs.01302_print.jpg (1024x576) [41.8 KB] || Warming_World_svs_web.png (320x180) [88.5 KB] || Warming_World_svs_thm.png (80x40) [7.7 KB] || Warming_World_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [11.5 MB] || Warming_World_YoutubeHQ.mov (1280x720) [24.2 MB] || Warming_World_AppleTV.m4v (960x720) [26.9 MB] || Warming_World_fullres.mov (1280x720) [754.0 MB] || Warming_World_iPodlarge.m4v (640x360) [9.3 MB] || Warming_World_iPodsmall.m4v (320x180) [4.2 MB] || Warming_World_svs.mpg (512x288) [7.1 MB] || Warming_World_portal.wmv (346x260) [8.1 MB] || ",
            "hits": 21
        },
        {
            "id": 10574,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10574/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2010-02-22T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Piecing Together the Temperature Puzzle",
            "description": "The decade from 2000 to 2009 was the warmest in the modern record. \"Piecing Together the Temperature Puzzle\" illustrates how NASA satellites enable us to study possible causes of climate change. The video explains what role fluctuations in the solar cycle, changes in snow and cloud cover, and rising levels of heat-trapping gases may play in contributing to climate change. For complete transcript, click here. || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres.01252_print.jpg (1024x576) [113.2 KB] || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres_web.png (320x180) [207.8 KB] || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres_thm.png (80x40) [16.9 KB] || Temperature_Puzzle_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [83.9 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres.mov (1280x720) [166.2 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_AppleTV.m4v (960x720) [211.4 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle__Youtube.mov (1280x720) [87.7 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_iPod_small.m4v (640x360) [67.9 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_iPod_large.m4v (320x180) [27.9 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_svs.mpg (512x288) [136.6 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_portal.wmv (346x260) [38.8 MB] || ",
            "hits": 37
        },
        {
            "id": 3638,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3638/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-10-09T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Correlation Between Tropospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Seasonal Variation of the Biosphere",
            "description": "This animation shows the correspondence between the drawdown of tropospheric carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere, and the seasonal variation of the biosphere of the earth. The pattern of white squares indicates regions where the concentration of tropospheric CO2 is higher than the trend, while regions devoid of the squares are areas where the CO2 concentrations are lower than the trend. The trend was calculated by a least-squares line fit to a moving 8-day global average of CO2 concentration provided by the AIRS instrument on the Aqua satellite, and increases over the course of the animation (Sept. 2002-Sept. 2006) from 374 ppm to 383 ppm. The biosphere data is provided by the SeaWiFS instrument aboard the SeaStar satellite.During spring and summer months, the consumption of CO2 through plant respiration increases, reducing the concentration of CO2 (the white squares) over the more productive areas. In the animation, this is seen as a tendency for the CO2 concentration to drop below the trend over areas of deeper green. The cycle is especially apparent in the Northern Hemisphere. || ",
            "hits": 78
        },
        {
            "id": 3754,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3754/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-10-09T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Endless Loop: Earth's Water Cycle",
            "description": "For circulating energy, for distributing essential chemistry, and as a fundamental requirement for most biological processes, water defines Earth's dynamic identity. The more than seventy percent of our planet covered by water is in many ways the reason life has survived and thrived for so long.A simple trip to the ocean's edge highlights how water constantly moves. But water sloshing back in forth in ocean basins only begins to describe the complex processes of its circulation on Earth.NASA takes the water cycle as not merely an academic exercise but as a vital area for exploration. Satellites can examine aspects of the global water cycle that in situ measurements and observations can only dream about seeing. The TRMM spacecraft is the world's most advanced precipitation measuring system to date, gathering vital information about tropical precipitation and other features every day. Other sensors, like the AMSR and AIRS instruments on the AQUA spacecraft take profiles of the planet's atmosphere, examine water vapor concentrations and distribution, among other things. A number of instruments look at water at or below the surface. MODIS makes sea surface temperature measurements that provide essential information about how oceans work and how they're changing over time. GRACE keeps track of elusive, yet massive, quantities of water both underground and in the oceans by making precise gravitational measurements. And the planned Aquarius mission, scheduled for launch in just a few years, will make unprecedented measurements of ocean salinity, a vital characteristic for describing a wide variety of phenomena, from life to physical processes that govern global circulation patterns. || ",
            "hits": 222
        },
        {
            "id": 3562,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3562/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-10-08T23:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Aqua/AIRS Carbon Dioxide with Mauna Loa Carbon Dioxide Overlaid",
            "description": "A NASA/university study of the first-ever global satellite maps of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere has revealed new information on how this key greenhouse gas linked to climate change is distributed and moves around our world. Moustafa Chahine, lead study author and AIRS science team leader at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., said the maps, which cover from September 2002 to July 2008, will be used by scientists to refine how climate models represent the processes that transport carbon dioxide within Earth's atmosphere. 'These data capture global variations in the distribution of carbon dioxide over time that are not represented in the existing models used to determine where carbon dioxide is created and stored,' he said. Chahine said the previous scientific consensus was that carbon dioxide was evenly mixed in the free troposphere, decreasing as you move farther south of the equator. 'Our results show carbon dioxide there can vary by nearly one percent and that the free troposphere is like international waters-what's produced in one place is free to travel elsewhere,' he said.This visualization is a time-series of the global distribution and variation of the concentration of mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua spacecraft. For comparison, it is overlain by a graph of the seasonal variation and interannual increase of carbon dioxide observed at the Mauna Loa, Hawaii observatory. The AIRS data show the average concentration (parts per million) over an altitude range of 3 km to 13 km, whereas the Mauna Loa data show the concentration at an altitude of 3.4 km and its annual increase at a rate of approximately 2 parts per million (ppmv) per year. The two most notable features of this visualization are the seasonal variation of CO2 and the trend of increase in its concentration from year to year. The global map clearly shows that the CO2 in the northern hemisphere peaks in April-May and then drops to a minimum in September-October. Although the seasonal cycle is less pronounced in the southern hemisphere it is opposite to that in the northern hemisphere. This seasonal cycle is governed by the growth cycle of plants. The northern hemisphere has the majority of the land masses, and so the amplitude of the cycle is greater in that hemisphere. The overall color of the map shifts toward the red with advancing time due to the annual increase of CO2. Although the mid-latitude jet streams are not visible in the map, we can see their influence upon the distribution of CO2 around the globe. These rivers of air occur at an altitude of about 5 km and rapidly transport CO2 around the globe at that altitude. In the northern hemisphere, the mid-latitude jet stream squirms like a released garden hose over the period of a few days due to the continental landmasses. In the southern hemisphere the jet stream flow is more directly West to East, and during the period from July to October the CO2 concentration is enhanced in a belt delineated by the jet stream and lofting of CO2 into the free troposphere by the high Andes is visible in this period. The zonal flow of CO2 around the globe at the latitude of South Africa, southern Australia and southern South America is readily apparent. Eastward flow of CO2 from Indonesia and the Celebes sea can be seen in the November to February time frame. || ",
            "hits": 21
        },
        {
            "id": 3555,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3555/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-10-08T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Aqua/AIRS Sees Belt of Carbon Dioxide in Southern Hemisphere with Winds",
            "description": "Although originally designed to measure atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles for weather forecasting, data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecraft are now also being used by scientists to observe atmospheric carbon dioxide. This visualization shows Aqua/AIRS mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide from July 2003. Low concentrations, 360 ppm, are shown in blue and high concentrations, 385 ppm, are shown in red. Notice that despite carbon dioxide's high degree of mixing, the regional patterns of atmospheric sources and sinks are still apparent in mid-troposphere carbon dioxide concentrations.  In the southern hemisphere the jet stream flow is more directly West to East, and during the period from July to October the CO2 concentration is enhanced in a belt delineated by the jet stream and lofting of CO2 into the free troposphere by the high Andes is visible in this period. The zonal flow of CO2 around the globe at the latitude of South Africa, southern Australia and southern South America is readily apparent.For more information on AIRS, visit the AIRS Project Web Site: http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov. The AIRS data products are available at http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/AIRS/index.shtml. || ",
            "hits": 25
        },
        {
            "id": 3554,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3554/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-10-07T16:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Aqua/AIRS Sees Belt of Carbon Dioxide in Southern Hemisphere",
            "description": "Although originally designed to measure atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles for weather forecasting, data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecraft are now also being used by scientists to observe atmospheric carbon dioxide. In the southern hemisphere, a belt of mid-tropospheric air containing enhanced concentrations of carbon dioxide emerged between 30 and 40 degrees south latitude. This belt had not previously been seen in any chemistry transport model. Subtropical storms track through this region, as do the cloud bands of the intertropical convergence zone near the equator, an area of low atmospheric pressure that forms where northeast and southeast trade winds meet.The researchers believe strong convection (thunderstorms) in this belt, and South America's high Andes Mountains, lift carbon dioxide from major sources on Earth's surface, such as the respiration of plants, forest fires and facilities for producing synthetic fuels and generating power. This carbon dioxide is then carried into the 'free troposphere,' the part of the troposphere that is too high to be influenced by Earth's surface. There, it becomes trapped in the mid-latitude jet stream, which transports it rapidly around the world. For more information on AIRS, visit the AIRS Project Web Site: http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov. The AIRS data products are available at http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/AIRS/index.shtml. || ",
            "hits": 13
        },
        {
            "id": 3440,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3440/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-12-30T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Aqua/AIRS Global Carbon Dioxide",
            "description": "Although originally designed to measure atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles for weather forecasting, data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecraft are now also being used by scientists to observe atmospheric carbon dioxide. Scientists from NASA; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts; the University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; and the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, Calif., are using several different methods to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mid-troposphere (about eight kilometers, or five miles, above the surface).  This visualization shows Aqua/AIRS mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide from July 2003.  Low concentrations, 360 ppm,  are shown in blue and high concentrations, 385 ppm, are shown in red.   Notice that despite carbon dioxide's  high degree of mixing, the regional patterns of atmospheric sources and sinks are still apparent in mid-troposphere carbon dioxide concentrations. This pattern of high carbon dioxide in the Northern Hemisphere (North America, Atlantic Ocean, and Central Asia) is consistent with model predictions.For more information on AIRS, visit the AIRS Project Web Site: http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov. The AIRS data products are available at http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/AIRS/index.shtml. || ",
            "hits": 14
        },
        {
            "id": 3441,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3441/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-12-30T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Aqua/AIRS Carbon Dioxide with Winds",
            "description": "Although originally designed to measure atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles for weather forecasting, data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecraft are now also being used by scientists to observe atmospheric carbon dioxide. Scientists from NASA; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts; the University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; and the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, Calif., are using several different methods to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mid-troposphere (about eight kilometers, or five miles, above the surface). This visualization shows Aqua/AIRS mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide from July 2003. Low concentrations, 360 ppm, are shown in blue and high concentrations, 385 ppm, are shown in red. Notice that despite carbon dioxide's high degree of mixing, the regional patterns of atmospheric sources and sinks are still apparent in mid-troposphere carbon dioxide concentrations. This pattern of high carbon dioxide in the Northern Hemisphere (North America, Atlantic Ocean, and Central Asia) is consistent with model predictions.For more information on AIRS, visit the AIRS Project Web Site: http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov. The AIRS data products are available at http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/AIRS/index.shtml. || ",
            "hits": 22
        },
        {
            "id": 3449,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3449/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-09-06T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Fires in Greece as seen by Aqua/AIRS",
            "description": "A series of fires across Greece in August of 2007 burned 469,000 acres and claimed the lives of 65 people. The fires, in which an estimated 4,000 people lost their homes,  mostly occurred in the southern part of of the country.In this visualization, the carbon monoxide signature from the fires in Greece is revealed in data retrieved by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on NASA's Aqua spacecraft. Forest fires create large amounts of carbon monoxide. AIRS provides daily global maps of carbon monoxide from space, allowing scientists to follow the global transport of this gas day-to-day. This visualization shows the amount of Carbon monoxide that has risen 2 to 8 kilometers (6,500 ft to 26,200 ft altitude) from August 24-28, 2007.  More carbon monoxide generally means more pollution, either natural from wildfires or from industrial and domestic sources.Beginning August 24, a significant plume emanates from the extensive fires burning in Greece. This plume moves southeast across the Mediterranean Sea and over North Africa from August 24 to 28. It crosses to Africa and arcs westward over the Sahara Desert and continues to curl around over the Eastern Mediterranean toward Sardinia and Corsica. || ",
            "hits": 25
        },
        {
            "id": 3437,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3437/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-07-22T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "The A-Train Observes Tropical Storm Debby",
            "description": "The A-Train is a group of spacecraft flying in close formation allowing data taken by each instrument to be correlated to the other instruments providing data synergy. The A-Train includes Aqua, CloudSat, CALIPSO, Parasol, and Aura. The animation begins showing the Earth with moving clouds and with a day/night terminator. Time slows down, and A-train spacecraft orbits are added during a daytime pass. The orbits progress around the globe for 12 hours. During a night time pass the camera zooms into Tropical Storm Debby as the A-train flies over on August 24, 2006. Data sets from some of the A-train's spacecraft/instruments are shown including Aqua/MODIS, CloudSat, CALIPSO, and Aqua/AIRS. This visualization was created to support an A-Train session at the 2007 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). || ",
            "hits": 29
        },
        {
            "id": 40238,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/hyperwall-themes/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2005-09-15T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Hyperwall Stories for specific event",
            "description": "The hyperwall gallery features visualizations that have been selected for use at NASA's hyperwall at event\nReturn to Main Hyperwall Gallery.",
            "hits": 164
        },
        {
            "id": 3128,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3128/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-03-10T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Aqua/AIRS Water Vapor near Southern California",
            "description": "This visualization shows 3D volumetric water vapor data from the Aqua/Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument. As the camera moved down and around the data set, the low data values are faded out revealing only the highest concentrations of water vapor data. The color and opacity at each 3D voxel are driven by the water vapor data. The data set was obtained by Aqua on January 1, 2003. Only data from the sea level to about 10 km are shown.This visualization was created to support a JPL press release about how assimilated AIRS data is improving global atmospheric simulation model forecasts by about 6 hours (from about 5 days to about 5 days and 6 hours). || ",
            "hits": 17
        },
        {
            "id": 3129,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3129/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-03-10T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Aqua/AIRS Water Vapor near Southern California #2",
            "description": "This visualization shows 3D volumetric water vapor data from the Aqua/Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument. As the camera moved down and around the data set, the low data values are faded out revealing only the highest concentrations of water vapor data.This version (#2) ends with a slightly lower threshold than the original version - showing more of the highest water vapor concentrations.The color and opacity at each 3D voxel are driven by the water vapor data. The data set was obtained by Aqua on January 1, 2003. Only data from the sea level to about 10km are shown.This visualization was created to support a JPL press release about how assimilated AIRS data is improving global atmospheric simulation model forecasts by about 6 hours (from about 5 days to about 5 days and 6 hours). || ",
            "hits": 20
        },
        {
            "id": 2657,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2657/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2003-01-30T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Super-Typhoon Pongsona Visualized from AIRS Instrument Suite Data",
            "description": "Packing gusts of nearly 300 kilometers per hour (184 miles per hour) and sustained winds of 240 kilometers per hour (150 miles per hour), Super-Typhoon Pongsona struck the U.S. Island of Guam on December 8, 2002. This 3D model of the hurricane shows the outline of the clouds, based on cloud top heights derived from AIRS observations. The color overlay represents the brightness temperatures observed in one of the HSB channels. Blue areas indicate intense convection and rain, while green and yellow reflect the internal temperature of the clouds. Microwaves, unlike infrared radiation, penetrate clouds and look into them or even through them. Red, most of which has been removed from the picture for clarity, represents areas where HSB penetrates all the way to the surface. || ",
            "hits": 19
        },
        {
            "id": 2411,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2411/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-04-18T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AIRS Volumetric Temperature Data (Fly In)",
            "description": "This visualization shows Aqua/AIRS simulated volumetric temperature data for September 13, 1999. The data was created using the Finite Volume Community Climate Model (FVCCM). Temperature and cloud data sets were match rendered for cross dissolves in post production. This visualization was created as a part of the Aqua prelaunch package. || ",
            "hits": 16
        },
        {
            "id": 2412,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2412/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-04-18T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AIRS Volumetric Temperature Data (Fly Out)",
            "description": "This visualization shows Aqua/Airs simulated volumetric temperature data for September 13, 1999. The data was created using the Finite Volume Community Climate Model (FVCCM). Temperature and cloud data sets were match rendered for cross dissolves in post production. This visualization was created as a part of the Aqua prelaunch package. || ",
            "hits": 11
        },
        {
            "id": 2413,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2413/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-04-18T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AIRS Volumetric Cloud Data (Fly In)",
            "description": "This visualization shows Aqua/AIRS simulated volumetric cloud data for September 13, 1999. The data was created using the Finite Volume Community Climate Model (FVCCM). Temperature and cloud data sets were match rendered for cross dissolves in post production. This visualization was created as a part of the Aqua prelaunch package. || ",
            "hits": 6
        },
        {
            "id": 2414,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2414/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-04-18T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AIRS Volumetric Cloud Data (Fly Out)",
            "description": "This visualization shows Aqua/AIRS simulated volumetric cloud data for September 13, 1999. The data was created using the Finite Volume Community Climate Model (FVCCM). Temperature and cloud data sets were match rendered for cross dissolves in post production. This visualization was created as a part of the Aqua prelaunch package. || ",
            "hits": 5
        },
        {
            "id": 2415,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2415/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-04-18T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AIRS Volumetric Temperature Data with Gradient Background (Fly In)",
            "description": "This visualization shows Aqua/Airs simulated volumetric temperature data for September 13, 1999. The data was created using the Finite Volume Community Climate Model (FVCCM). Temperature and cloud data sets were match rendered for cross dissolves in post production. This visualization was created as a part of the Aqua prelaunch package. || ",
            "hits": 6
        },
        {
            "id": 2416,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2416/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-04-18T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AIRS Volumetric Temperature Data with Gradient Background (Fly Out)",
            "description": "This visualization shows Aqua/AIRS simulated volumetric temperature data for September 13, 1999. The data was created using the Finite Volume Community Climate Model (FVCCM). Temperature and cloud data sets were match rendered for cross dissolves in post production. This visualization was created as a part of the Aqua prelaunch package. || ",
            "hits": 7
        },
        {
            "id": 2417,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2417/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-04-18T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AIRS Volumetric Cloud Data with Gradient Background (Fly In)",
            "description": "This visualization shows Aqua/AIRS simulated volumetric cloud data for September 13, 1999. The data was created using the Finite Volume Community Climate Model (FVCCM). Temperature and cloud data sets were match rendered for cross dissolves in post production. This visualization was created as a part of the Aqua prelaunch package. || ",
            "hits": 5
        },
        {
            "id": 2418,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2418/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-04-18T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AIRS Volumetric Cloud Data with Gradient Background (Fly Out)",
            "description": "This visualization shows Aqua/AIRS simulated volumetric cloud data for September 13, 1999. The data was created using the Finite Volume Community Climate Model (FVCCM). Temperature and cloud data sets were match rendered for cross dissolves in post production. This visualization was created as a part of the Aqua prelaunch package. || ",
            "hits": 12
        }
    ]
}