{ "count": 90, "next": null, "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 14982, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14982/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2026-02-27T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "Deserts of Africa and the Middle East", "description": "Deserts of North Africa and the Middle East || Africa-Asia_HYPERWALL_PRINT.jpg (1280x720) [1.9 MB] || Africa-Asia_HYPERWALL_Thumb.jpg (1280x720) [1.9 MB] || Africa-Asia_HYPERWALL_Thumb.png (1280x720) [1.9 MB] || Africa-Asia_HYPERWALL_SearchWeb.jpg (1280x720) [1.9 MB] || Africa-Asia_HYPERWALL_1080.webm (1920x1080) [21.4 MB] || Africa-Asia_HYPERWALL_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [222.6 MB] || Africa-Asia_HYPERWALL_6K.webm (5760x3240) [7.2 MB] || Africa-MiddleEast_HYPERWALL_4K.mp4 (3840x2160) [1.1 GB] || Africa-Asia_HYPERWALL_6K.mp4 (5760x3240) [5.0 GB] || ", "hits": 158 }, { "id": 5173, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5173/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2023-10-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth's Radiation Balance, 2000-2023", "description": "A plotted view of planetary heat uptake since the beginning of the CERES data record showing an oscillating, monthly mean (yellow) and twelve-month running average (red line). These data show how much energy is added (absorbed) by Earth during the CERES period. || planetary_heat_anomaly.1800_print.jpg (1024x576) [69.7 KB] || planetary_heat_anomaly.1800_searchweb.png (320x180) [21.2 KB] || planetary_heat_anomaly.1800_thm.png (80x40) [3.0 KB] || phu_2023 (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || planetary_heat_anomaly_2160p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [4.2 MB] || ", "hits": 317 }, { "id": 31172, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31172/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2022-01-13T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "First Light from Landsat 9", "description": "The first image collected by Landsat 9, on Oct. 31, 2021, shows remote coastal islands and inlets of the Kimberly region of Western Australia. In the top middle section of the image, the Mitchell River carves through sandstone, while to the left Bigge Island and the Coronation Islands stand out in the Indian Ocean. Australia is a major international partner of the Landsat 9 program, and operates one of the Landsat Ground Network stations in Alice Springs. || l9_australia_hyperwall_rgb_nolabels.jpg (5760x3240) [10.7 MB] || l9_australia_hyperwall_rgb_nolabels_thm.png (80x40) [7.7 KB] || l9_australia_hyperwall_rgb_nolabels_searchweb.png (320x180) [124.3 KB] || first-light-from-landsat-9-western-australia.hwshow [338 bytes] || ", "hits": 56 }, { "id": 13987, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13987/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2021-11-05T17:00:00-04:00", "title": "Landsat 9 First Light Images", "description": "The first data from Landsat 9, of Australia's Kimberley Coast in Western Australia, shows off the capabilities of the two instruments on the spacecraft. This image, from the Operational Land Imager 2, or OLI-2, was acquired on Oct. 31, 2021. Although similar in design to its predecessor Landsat 8, the improvements to Landsat 9 allow it to detect more subtle differences, especially over darker areas like water or the dense mangrove forests along the coast. || L9_Australia_20211031_p109r070-lrg.jpg (7621x7811) [24.2 MB] || L9_Australia_20211031_p109r070-lrg_searchweb.png (320x180) [106.1 KB] || L9_Australia_20211031_p109r070-lrg_thm.png (80x40) [7.1 KB] || L9_Australia_20211031_p109r070-lrg.tif (7621x7811) [340.6 MB] || ", "hits": 72 }, { "id": 13919, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13919/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2021-08-31T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Landsat 9 L-16 Press Briefing Graphics", "description": "Officials from NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) discussed the upcoming launch of the Landsat 9 satellite during a media briefing at 10 a.m. EDT Tuesday, Aug. 31.The Landsat 9 launch is targeted for no earlier than Thursday, Sept. 23, 2021.The media briefing will air live on NASA TV, the NASA app, and the agency’s website.Data from Landsat 9 will add to nearly 50 years of free and publicly available data from the Landsat program. The Landsat program is the longest-running enterprise for acquisition of satellite imagery of Earth. It is a joint NASA/USGS program. Researchers harmonize Landsat data to detect the footprint of human activities and measure the effects of climate change on land over decades.Once fully operational in orbit, Landsat 9 will replace Landsat 7 and join its sister satellite, Landsat 8, in continuing to collect data from across the planet every eight days. This calibrated data will continue the Landsat program’s critical role in monitoring land use and helping decision-makers manage essential resources including crops, water resources, and forests.Briefing participants, in speaking order, are:•Karen St. Germain, director of NASA's Earth Science Division•Del Jenstrom, Landsat 9 project manager at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland•Jeff Masek, Landsat 9 project scientist at Goddard•David Applegate, acting director of USGS•Birgit Peterson, geographer at USGS•Inbal Becker-Reshef, director of NASA’s Harvest food security and agriculture program.NASA manages the Landsat 9 mission. Goddard teams also built and tested one of the two instruments on Landsat 9, the Thermal Infrared Sensor 2 (TIRS-2) instrument. TIRS-2 will use thermal imaging to make measurements that are used to calculate soil moisture and detect the health of plants.The USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, will operate the mission and manage the ground system, including maintaining the Landsat archive. Ball Aerospace in Boulder, Colorado, built and tested the Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI-2) instrument, another imaging sensor that provides data in the visible, near infrared, and shortwave infrared portions of the spectrum. United Launch Alliance is the rocket provider for Landsat 9’s launch. Northrop Grumman in Gilbert, Arizona, built the Landsat 9 spacecraft, integrated it with instruments, and tested the observatory.For more information:Media AdvisoryLandsat Video Resourceshttps://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/https://www.usgs.gov/landsat || ", "hits": 25 }, { "id": 4935, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4935/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-04-16T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "CERES Radiation Balance", "description": "A plotted view of planetary heat uptake since the beginning of the CERES data record showing an oscillating, monthly mean (yellow) and twelve-month running average (red line). These data show how much energy is added (absorbed) by Earth during the CERES period. || CERES_2021_update_final.01650_print.jpg (1024x576) [69.5 KB] || CERES_2021_update_final.01650_searchweb.png (320x180) [23.5 KB] || CERES_2021_update_final.01650_thm.png (80x40) [3.3 KB] || CERES_2021_update_final.mp4 (1920x1080) [9.2 MB] || CERES_2021_update_final.webm (1920x1080) [6.2 MB] || CERES_2021_update_final.mp4.hwshow [194 bytes] || ", "hits": 127 }, { "id": 20328, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20328/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2021-03-25T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Radiative Forcing", "description": "A simplified animation of Earth's planetary energy balance: A planet’s energy budget is balanced between incoming (yellow) and outgoing radiation (red); On Earth, natural and human-caused processes affect the amount of energy received as well as emitted back to space; This study filters out variations in Earth’s energy budget due to feedback processes, revealing the energy changes caused by aerosols and greenhouse gas emissions. || ", "hits": 288 }, { "id": 20322, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20322/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2021-01-12T20:00:00-05:00", "title": "Landsat Lightpath Animations", "description": "For nearly half a century, the Landsat mission has shaped our understanding of Earth. Since the launch of the first Landsat satellite in 1972, the mission has gathered and archived more than 8 million images of our home planet’s terrain, including crop fields and sprawling cities, forests and shrinking glaciers. These data-rich images are free and publicly available, leading to scientific discoveries and informed resource management.Landsat 9 will carry two instruments that largely replicate the instruments on Landsat 8: the Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI-2) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor 2 (TIRS-2). OLI-2 and TIRS-2 are optical sensors that detect 11 wavelengths of visible, near infrared, shortwave infrared, and thermal infrared light as it is reflected or emitted from the planet’s surface. Data from these instruments are processed and stored at the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota—where decades worth of data from all of the Landsat satellites are stored and made available for free to the public.The Landsat mission, a partnership between NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), has provided the longest continuous record of Earth’s land surfaces from space. The consistency of Landsat’s land-cover data from sensor to sensor and year to year makes it possible to trace land-cover changes from 1972 to the present, and it will continue into the future with Landsat 9. With better technology than ever before, Landsat 9 will enhance and extend the data record to the 50-year mark and beyond. || ", "hits": 59 }, { "id": 13712, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13712/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2020-11-30T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "Landsat 9: Continuing the Legacy series", "description": "Five decades ago, NASA and the US Geological Society launched a satellite to monitor Earth’s land from space. It was the beginning of a legacy. The Apollo era had given us our first looks at Earth from space and inspired the idea of regularly collecting images of our planet. The first Landsat — originally known as the Earth Resources Technology Satellite, or ERTS — rocketed into space in 1972. Since then, there have been eight Landsats and we’re preparing to launch number nine.The Landsat legacy stretches far and wide. Using visible and infrared light, Landsat helps track the health of crops, shows ocean pollution, and tracks coral reefs, icebergs and more. Thanks to sensor that can record wavelengths beyond what we can see with our eyes, Landsat can record vital information about Earth's surface.Narrated by the actor Marc Evan Jackson, who played a Landsat scientist in the movie Kong: Skull Island (2017), this series of videos tells the story of Landsat 9. From the birth of the Landsat program to the present preparations for launching Landsat 9 and even a look to the future with Landsat NeXt. || ", "hits": 55 }, { "id": 13557, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13557/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "Placing the Recent Hiatus Period in an Energy Balance Perspective", "description": "GLOBAL OBSERVATIONS OF EARTH’S ENERGY BALANCE With the launch of NASA’s Terra Satellite Earth Observing System on Dec. 18, 1999, and subsequent ‘first light’ of the Cloud’s and the Earth’s Energy Radiant System (CERES) instrument on February 26, 2000, NASA gave birth to what ultimately would become the first long-term global observational record of Earth’s energy balance. This key indicator of the climate system describes the delicate and complex balance between how much of the sun’s energy reaching Earth is absorbed and how much thermal infrared radiation is emitted back to space. “Absorbed solar radiation fuels the climate system and life on our planet,” said Norman Loeb, CERES Principal Investigator. “The Earth sheds heat by emitting outgoing radiation.” || ", "hits": 253 }, { "id": 4794, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4794/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2020-02-21T08:00:00-05:00", "title": "CERES Radiation Balance", "description": "The Clouds and the Earth’s Energy Radiant System (CERES) instrument is a key component of NASA’s Earth Observing System, with six active CERES instruments on satellites orbiting Earth and taking data.  For Earth’s temperature to be stable over long periods of time, absorbed solar and emitted thermal radiation must be equal. Increases in greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide and methane, trap emitted thermal radiation from the surface and reduce how much is lost to space, resulting in a net surplus of energy into the Earth system. Most of the extra energy ends up being stored as heat in the ocean and the remainder warms the atmosphere and land, and melts snow and ice. As a consequence, global mean surface temperature increases and sea levels rise. Much like a pulse or heartbeat, CERES monitors reflected solar and emitted thermal infrared radiation, which together with solar irradiance measurements is one of Earth’s ‘vital signs.’ Better understanding Earth’s energy balance enables us to be informed and adapt to a changing world. || ", "hits": 151 }, { "id": 31059, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31059/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2019-11-13T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "CERES top of Atmosphere Fluxes", "description": "These maps show monthly top of atmosphere radiative fluxes from March 2000 to the present from the Energy Balanced and Filled (EBAF) data product. These data are produced by averaging observations collected by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) sensors on NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites, filling in gaps and constraining the fluxes to remove the inconsistency between average global net TOA flux and heat storage in the Earth-atmosphere system. || ", "hits": 135 }, { "id": 40388, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/nasaearth-science/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2019-09-13T10:53:37-04:00", "title": "NASA Earth Science", "description": "NASA’s Earth Science Division (ESD) missions help us to understand our planet’s interconnected systems, from a global scale down to minute processes. Working in concert with a satellite network of international partners, ESD can measure precipitation around the world, and it can employ its own constellation of small satellites to look into the eye of a hurricane. ESD technology can track dust storms across continents and mosquito habitats across cities.\n\nFor more information:\nhttps://science.nasa.gov/earth-science", "hits": 192 }, { "id": 30977, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30977/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2019-03-29T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Nighttime Views of the 2018 Kilauea Eruption", "description": "An animation of Landsat-8 truecolor and nighttime imagery shows the prograssion of the East Rift Zone eruption. || kilauea_2018_east_rift_zone_20180712_print.jpg (1024x576) [70.6 KB] || kilauea_2018_east_rift_zone_20180712.png (3840x2160) [1.8 MB] || kilauea_2018_east_rift_zone_20180712_searchweb.png (320x180) [45.1 KB] || kilauea_2018_east_rift_zone_20180712_thm.png (80x40) [3.8 KB] || kilauea_2018_east_rift_zone_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [2.7 MB] || kilauea_2018_east_rift_zone_720p.webm (1280x720) [1.9 MB] || ", "hits": 129 }, { "id": 12469, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12469/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-12-06T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "PACE Satellite Animations", "description": "PACE is NASA's Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem mission, currently in the design phase of mission development. It is scheduled to launch in 2022, extending and improving NASA's over 20-year record of satellite observations of global ocean biology, aerosols (tiny particles suspended in the atmosphere), and clouds. PACE will advance the assessment of ocean health by measuring the distribution of phytoplankton, tiny plants and algae that sustain the marine food web. It will also continue systematic records of key atmospheric variables associated with air quality and Earth's climate. || ", "hits": 55 }, { "id": 30997, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30997/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2018-09-30T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Carr Fire", "description": "A pair of images show the area burned by the Carr Fire. || carr_fire_2018_landsat_print.jpg (1024x576) [218.6 KB] || carr_fire_2018_landsat.png (3840x2160) [17.3 MB] || carr_fire_2018_landsat_searchweb.png (320x180) [127.1 KB] || carr_fire_2018_landsat_thm.png (80x40) [7.3 KB] || carr_fire_2018_landsat.hwshow [93 bytes] || ", "hits": 25 }, { "id": 30964, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30964/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2018-05-31T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Kilauea Continues to Erupt", "description": "On May 14, 2018, at 10:41 AM local time (20:41 Universal Time), the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8 acquired a natural-color image of Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano. || kilauea_continues_print.jpg (1024x682) [280.7 KB] || kilauea_continues.png (4860x3240) [26.3 MB] || kilauea_continues_searchweb.png (320x180) [123.7 KB] || kilauea_continues_thm.png (80x40) [8.0 KB] || kilauea-continues-to-erupt.hwshow [284 bytes] || ", "hits": 56 }, { "id": 30965, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30965/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2018-05-31T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Infrared Glow of Kilauea’s Lava Flows", "description": "The Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8 acquired the data for this false-color view of the lava flow as it appeared on the night of May 23, 2018. || IR_leilani_print.jpg (1024x574) [95.3 KB] || IR_leilani.png (4104x2304) [3.5 MB] || IR_leilani_searchweb.png (320x180) [44.9 KB] || IR_leilani_thm.png (80x40) [2.7 KB] || the-infrared-glow-of-kilaueas-lava-flows.hwshow [284 bytes] || ", "hits": 43 }, { "id": 30797, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30797/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2016-08-08T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Landsat 8 Views the Soberanes Fire", "description": "By chance, Landsat 8 acquired imagery of the Soberanes fire burning near the California coast between Monterey and Big Sur a few hours after it started on July 22, 2016. Seven days later, on July 29, the fire had grown so much that the surrounding area is almost entirely covered by smoke. This set of Landsat images shows the region on [left to right] July 22, July 29, and August 8 in true color (using bands 4, 3, and 2) and also in shortwave and near-infrared light (using bands 7, 5, and 4). Active fires, which can be detected based on calculations using the shortwave infrared and near-infrared bands, are shown in red on the true color images. The shortwave and near-infrared images penetrate the smoke to provide a clearer view of the burn scar. In this false-color view, active fires are bright red and orange, scarred land is dark red, and intact vegetation and human development are shades of green. || ", "hits": 62 }, { "id": 4407, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4407/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-12-15T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "Monthly burned area from the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED)", "description": "The final animation of the monthly burned area percent shown in the Robinson projection with a colorbar and date overlay || comp_burned_area_pct.2234_print.jpg (1024x576) [128.4 KB] || comp_burned_area_pct.2234_searchweb.png (320x180) [78.4 KB] || comp_burned_area_pct.2234_thm.png (80x40) [6.4 KB] || comp_burned_area_pct.2234_web.png (320x180) [78.4 KB] || comp_burned_area_pct_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [44.1 MB] || comp_burned_area_pct_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [8.4 MB] || robinson_final (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Comp_burned_area_pct_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [26.2 MB] || robinson_final (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || comp_burned_area_4407.key [29.7 MB] || comp_burned_area_4407.pptx [27.1 MB] || comp_burned_area_pct_4k_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [142.3 MB] || comp_burned_area_pct_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [228 bytes] || ", "hits": 112 }, { "id": 12095, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12095/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-12-15T10:30:00-05:00", "title": "AGU El Nino Press Conference Release Materials", "description": "Forty percent of California's annual water supply comes in the form of atmospheric rivers, tendrils of moisture that travel from the Pacific Ocean and rain out when they move over the coast. New research on how El Niño affects atmospheric rivers headed for the California coast suggest that while the number of atmospheric rivers California receives (typically ten per year) will not change during an El Niño, they will be stronger, warmer, and thus wetter. || ", "hits": 14 }, { "id": 4307, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4307/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-07-21T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "Impact of Snow Darkening on Boreal Spring Climate", "description": "Figure 1b: This image shows how the reduced albedo of the snow from dust, black carbon and organic carbon (the \"snow darkening effect\") alters difference in snow water equivalent through increased springtime melt. A colorbar reflects the quantities of the difference. || Figure_1_B_disk_20_medium_layers_with_Legend_print.jpg (1024x1075) [252.0 KB] || Figure_1_B_disk_20_medium_layers_with_Legend_searchweb.png (320x180) [5.9 MB] || Figure_1_B_disk_20_medium_layers_with_Legend_thm.png (80x40) [5.8 MB] || Figure_1_B_disk_20_medium_layers_with_Legend.tif (2000x2100) [11.2 MB] || Figure_1_B_disk_30_large_layers_with_Legend.tif (3000x3150) [24.5 MB] || Figure_1_B_disk_30_large_layers_with_Legend.psd (3000x3150) [30.5 MB] || Figure_1_B_disk_40_extra_large_layers_with_Legend.tif (4000x4200) [43.0 MB] || Figure_1_B_disk_40_extra_large_layers_with_Legend.psd (4000x4200) [53.6 MB] || ", "hits": 31 }, { "id": 30604, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30604/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2015-06-28T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "CERES Radiation Fluxes", "description": "These maps show monthly reflected-shortwave radiation from March 2000 to the present from the Energy Balanced and Filled (EBAF) data product. These data are produced by averaging observations collected by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) sensors on NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites, filling in gaps and constraining the fluxes to remove the inconsistency between average global net TOA flux and heat storage in the Earth-atmosphere system. || ", "hits": 143 }, { "id": 30603, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30603/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2015-06-25T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "CERES Cloud Radiative Effect", "description": "CERES Net Cloud Radiative Effect || ceres_net_cre_average_2000-2015_print.jpg (1024x574) [102.2 KB] || ceres_net_cre_average_2000-2015.png (4104x2304) [2.1 MB] || ceres_net_cre_average_2000-2015_searchweb.png (320x180) [69.4 KB] || ceres_net_cre_average_2000-2015_thm.png (80x40) [6.5 KB] || ceres_net_cre_average_2000-2015_30603.pptx [3.0 MB] || ceres_net_cre_average_2000-2015_30603.key [5.6 MB] || ", "hits": 170 }, { "id": 4245, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4245/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-12-17T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "Link between Sea-Ice Fraction and Absorbed Solar Radiation over the Arctic Ocean", "description": "NASA satellite instruments have observed a marked increase in solar radiation absorbed in the Arctic since the year 2000 – a trend that aligns with the drastic decrease in Arctic sea ice during the same period. This visual shows the Arctic Sea Ice Change and the corresponding Absorbed Solar Radiation Change during June, July, and August from 2000 through 2014.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || seaice_solarAbsorption_0344_print.jpg (1024x576) [117.1 KB] || SeaIceSolarAbsorptionChange.webm (1920x1080) [1.2 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || SeaIceSolarAbsorptionChange.mp4 (1920x1080) [12.1 MB] || composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || source (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || SeaIceSolarAbsorptionChange.m4v (640x360) [2.1 MB] || ", "hits": 50 }, { "id": 11491, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11491/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-02-24T19:00:00-05:00", "title": "Landsat 8 Onion Skin", "description": "Landsat satellites circle the globe every 99 minutes, collecting data about the land surfaces passing underneath. After 16 days, the Landsat satellite has passed over every spot on the globe, and recorded data in 11 different wavelength regions. The individual wavelength bands can be combined into color images, with different combinations of the 11 bands revealing different information about the condition of the land cover.The data for this video was collected by Landsat 5 on November 10, 2011. || ", "hits": 41 }, { "id": 30369, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30369/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monthly Net Radiation", "description": "The difference between how much solar energy enters the Earth system and how much heat energy escapes into space is called net radiation. Some places absorb more energy than they give off back to space, so they have an energy surplus. Other places lose more energy to space than they absorb, so they have an energy deficit. These maps show monthly net radiation from July 2006 to the present, from the Fast Longwave And Shortwave Radiative Fluxes, or FLASHFlux, Time Interpolation and Spatial Averaging (TISA) data product. The product contains daily observations collected by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) sensors on NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites. The colors show the net radiation (in Watts per square meter) that was contained in the Earth system. The maps illustrate the fundamental imbalance between net radiation surpluses at the equator (red areas), where sunlight is direct year-round, and net radiation deficits at high latitudes (blue areas), where direct sunlight is seasonal. || ", "hits": 104 }, { "id": 30370, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30370/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monthly Reflected Shortwave Radiation", "description": "If you look at Mars in the night sky, the planet is little more than a glowing dot. From Mars, Earth would have the same star-like appearance. What gives the planets this light? Do they shine like a star? No. The light is mostly reflected sunlight. These images show how much sunlight Earth reflects. Bright parts of Earth like snow, ice, and clouds, reflect the most light; dark surfaces, like the oceans, reflect less light. Earth's average temperature is determined by the balance between how much sunlight Earth reflects, how much it absorbs, and how much heat it gives off. These maps show monthly reflected-shortwave radiation from July 2006 to the present, from the Fast Longwave And Shortwave Radiative Fluxes, or FLASHFlux, Time Interpolation and Spatial Averaging (TISA) data product. The product contains daily observations collected by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) sensors on NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites. The colors in the map show the amount of shortwave energy (in Watts per square meter) that was reflected by the Earth system. The brighter, whiter regions show where more sunlight is reflected, while green regions show intermediate values, and blue regions are lower values. || ", "hits": 71 }, { "id": 30386, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30386/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monthly Cloud Particle Radius (Terra/MODIS)", "description": "To better understand the role of clouds in the Earth's climate system, scientists need two important measurements: cloud optical thickness and cloud particle size. The size of cloud particles is important. In general, smaller particles produce brighter, more reflective clouds, which bounce more sunlight back into space and cool the planet. By carefully quantifying how much shortwave infrared sunlight clouds absorb, scientists can determine the size of the individual particles within clouds. Clouds with larger particles absorb more shortwave infrared light and, conversely, clouds with smaller particles absorb less shortwave infrared light. These maps show monthly cloud particle radius from January 2005 to the present, produced using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Terra satellite. White shades show where there are smaller cloud particles (between 4 and 11 micrometers in radius), while purple shades show where there are larger cloud particles (between 33 and 40 micrometers). || ", "hits": 30 }, { "id": 30399, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30399/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monthly Cloud Particle Radius (Aqua/MODIS)", "description": "To better understand the role of clouds in the Earth's climate system, scientists need two important measurements: cloud optical thickness and cloud particle size. The size of cloud particles is important. In general, smaller particles produce brighter, more reflective clouds, which bounce more sunlight back into space and cool the planet. By carefully quantifying how much shortwave infrared sunlight clouds absorb, scientists can determine the size of the individual particles within clouds. Clouds with larger particles absorb more shortwave infrared light and, conversely, clouds with smaller particles absorb less shortwave infrared light. These maps show monthly cloud particle radius from July 2002 to the present, produced using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Aqua satellite. White shades show where there are smaller cloud particles (between 4 and 11 micrometers in radius), while purple shades show where there are larger cloud particles (between 33 and 40 micrometers). || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 30368, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30368/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-23T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monthly Outgoing Longwave Radiation", "description": "Light energy travels in waves, but not all the waves are the same. The kind of light our eyes can see is only a tiny part of the energy that exists in the universe. Other kinds of energy are invisible, like the energy that makes our hands feel warm when we hold them over a fire, or the energy that cooks our food in the microwave. When Earth absorbs sunlight, it heats up. The heat, or \"outgoing longwave radiation,\" radiates back into space. Satellites measure this radiation as it leaves the top of Earth's atmosphere. The hotter a place is, the more energy it radiates. These maps show monthly outgoing longwave radiation from July 2006 to the present, from the Fast Longwave And Shortwave Radiative Fluxes, or FLASHFlux, Time Interpolation and Spatial Averaging (TISA) data product. The product contains daily observations collected by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) sensors on NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites. The colors show the amount of outgoing longwave radiation leaving Earth's atmosphere (in Watts per square meter). Bright yellow and orange indicate greater heat emission, purple and blue indicate intermediate emissions, and white shows little or no heat emission. || ", "hits": 117 }, { "id": 30181, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30181/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ice Loss on Puncak Jaya", "description": "Tropical glaciers have retreated significantly in the past century, and many have lost more than half of their ice in the last few decades. Indonesia’s glaciers are no exception. In 1989, five ice masses sat on the slopes of Puncak Jaya, a 4,884-meter peak within the Sudirman Range. By 2009, two of the glaciers—Meren and Southwall—were gone. The other three—Carstenz, East Northwall Firn, and West North Wall Firn—had retreated dramatically.This pair of images, captured by the Thematic Mapper (TM) on Landsat 4 and Landsat 5, offer a view of the ice loss between 1989 and 2009. The images are a combination of shortwave infrared, near infrared, and green light. Ice appears light blue. Clouds are primarily white, though some are tinged with blue. Exposed rock is salmon-colored; forests are green. (The gray area near the center of the 2009 image is the Grasberg mine. Established in 1990 by Freeport McMoran, the open-pit mine has the world’s largest known gold reserve and second largest copper reserve.) || ", "hits": 32 }, { "id": 30046, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30046/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-06-19T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Landsat-8 Finds Clouds Hiding in Plain Sight", "description": "The presence of high, thin cirrus clouds can be hard to detect and their shadows can interfere with satellite observations. Even satellite sensors designed to “see” beyond the visible spectrum struggle to detect them. Landsat-8’s Operational Land Imager (OLI) can detect these clouds better than previous Landsat sensors because in addition to measuring visible and infrared light in similar ranges to its predecessors, it also includes a shortwave infrared band (band 9)—which is useful for cirrus cloud detection. For example, the natural-color OLI image of the Aral Sea from March 24, 2013 shown here appears to have been taken on a relatively clear day. When viewed in the cirrus-detecting band alone (grayscale image) however, bright white clouds appear. The point of the cirrus band is to alert Landsat users to the presence of cirrus clouds so they know that the data in the pixels under the clouds could be slightly askew. Scientists could then use images taken on a cloud-free day, or they could correct the data from the other spectral bands to account for the cirrus clouds. || ", "hits": 43 }, { "id": 11290, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11290/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-05-23T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Pivot Irrigation in Saudi Arabia", "description": "Saudi Arabia is drilling for a resource possibly more precious than oil.Over the last 24 years, it has tapped hidden reserves of water to grow wheat and other crops in the Syrian Desert. This time series of data shows images acquired by three different Landsat satellites operated by NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey.The green fields that dot the desert draw on water that in part was trapped during the last Ice Age. In addition to rainwater that fell over several hundred thousand years, this fossil water filled aquifers that are now buried deep under the desert's shifting sands.Saudi Arabia reaches these underground rivers and lakes by drilling through the desert floor, directly irrigating the fields with a circular sprinkler system. This technique is called center-pivot irrigation.Because rainfall in this area is now only a few centimeters (about one inch) each year, water here is a non-renewable resource. Although no one knows how much water is beneath the desert, hydrologists estimate it will only be economical to pump water for about 50 years.In this series of four Landsat images, the agricultural fields are about one kilometer (.62 miles) across. The images were created using reflected light from the short wave-infrared, near-infrared, and green portions of the electromagnetic spectrum (bands 7, 4, and 2 from Landsat 4 and 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM+ sensors). Using this combination of wavelengths, healthy vegetation appears bright green while dry vegetation appears orange. Barren soil is a dark pink, and urban areas, like the town of Tubarjal at the top of each image, have a purple hue.Landsat 4 launched in 1982 and provided scientific data for 11 years until 1993. NASA launched Landsat 5 in 1984 and it ran a record-breaking 28 years, sending back what was likely its last data in 2011. Landsat 7 is still up and running; it was launched in 1999. The data from these and other Landsat satellites has been instrumental in increasing our understanding of forest health, storm damage, agricultural trends, urban growth, and many other ongoing changes to our land.NASA and the U.S. Department of the Interior through the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) jointly manage Landsat, and the USGS preserves a 40-year archive of Landsat images that is freely available data over the Internet. Download a still image showing four of the years: 1987, 1991, 2000, and 2012. || ", "hits": 244 }, { "id": 4025, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4025/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-01-20T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Florida Everglades Onion Skin Stills", "description": "Landsat satellites view the Earth through a number of different bands. Each band captures imagery in different spectral wavelengths. Scientists can then combine these bands a number of ways to obtain information about the satellite imagery. These still images show several different band combinations alongside the resulting imagery over the Florida Everglades.These still images were produced for use on NASA travelling exhibits. || ", "hits": 50 }, { "id": 3925, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3925/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2012-07-22T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "NPP Ceres Shortwave Radiation", "description": "The CERES experiment is one of the highest priority scientific satellite instruments developed for NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS). The doors are open on NASA's Suomi NPP satellite and the newest version of the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument is scanning Earth for the first time, helping to assure continued availability of measurements of the energy leaving the Earth-atmosphere system.CERES products include both solar-reflected and Earth-emitted radiation from the top of the atmosphere to the Earth's surface. Cloud properties are determined using simultaneous measurements by other EOS and NPP instruments such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Visible and Infrared Sounder (VIRS). Analyses using CERES data, build upon the foundation laid by previous missions such as NASA Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE), leading to a better understanding of the role of clouds and the energy cycle in global climate change. The sun's radiant energy is the fuel that drives Earth's climate engine. The Earth-atmosphere system constantly tries to maintain a balance between the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun and the energy that flows from Earth back out to space. Energy received from the sun is mostly in the visible (or shortwave) part of the electromagnetic spectrum. About 30% of the solar energy that comes to Earth is reflected back to space. The ratio of reflected-to-incoming energy is called \"albedo\" from the Latin word meaning whiteness. The solar radiation absorbed by the Earth causes the planet to heat up until it is radiating (or emitting) as much energy back into space as it absorbs from the sun. The Earth's thermal emitted radiation is mostly in the infrared (or longwave part of the spectrum. The balance between incoming and outgoing energy is called the Earth's radiation budget. This global view shows CERES top-of-atmosphere (TOA) shortwave radiation from Jan 26 and 27, 2012. Thick cloud cover tends to reflect a large amount of incoming solar energy back to space (blue/green/white image). For more information on the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) see http://ceres.larc.nasa.gov || ", "hits": 67 }, { "id": 3926, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3926/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2012-07-22T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "NPP Ceres Longwave Radiation", "description": "The CERES experiment is one of the highest priority scientific satellite instruments developed for NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS). The doors are open on NASA's Suomi NPP satellite and the newest version of the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument is scanning Earth for the first time, helping to assure continued availability of measurements of the energy leaving the Earth-atmosphere system.CERES products include both solar-reflected and Earth-emitted radiation from the top of the atmosphere to the Earth's surface. Cloud properties are determined using simultaneous measurements by other EOS and NPP instruments such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Visible and Infrared Sounder (VIRS). Analyses using CERES data, build upon the foundation laid by previous missions such as NASA Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE), leading to a better understanding of the role of clouds and the energy cycle in global climate change.The sun's radiant energy is the fuel that drives Earth's climate engine. The Earth-atmosphere system constantly tries to maintain a balance between the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun and the energy that flows from Earth back out to space. Energy received from the sun is mostly in the visible (or shortwave) part of the electromagnetic spectrum. About 30% of the solar energy that comes to Earth is reflected back to space. The ratio of reflected-to-incoming energy is called \"albedo\" from the Latin word meaning whiteness. The solar radiation absorbed by the Earth causes the planet to heat up until it is radiating (or emitting) as much energy back into space as it absorbs from the sun. The Earth's thermal emitted radiation is mostly in the infrared (or longwave part of the spectrum. The balance between incoming and outgoing energy is called the Earth's radiation budget.This global view shows CERES top-of-atmosphere (TOA) longwave radiation from Jan 26 and 27, 2012. Heat energy radiated from Earth (in watts per square meter) is shown in shades of yellow, red, blue and white. The brightest-yellow areas are the hottest and are emitting the most energy out to space, while the dark blue areas and the bright white clouds are much colder, emitting the least energy. Increasing temperature, decreasing water vapor, and decreasing clouds will all tend to increase the ability of Earth to shed heat out to space.For more information on the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) see http://ceres.larc.nasa.gov || ", "hits": 78 }, { "id": 10514, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10514/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-12-11T18:00:00-05:00", "title": "Terra@10: Terra 10th Anniversary Video", "description": "The Earth-observing satellite Terra celebrates its tenth anniversary in 2009. This video highlights how Terra has helped us better understand our home planet. The satellite's five instruments - ASTER, CERES, MISR, MODIS and MOPITT - reveal how our our world is changing. For complete transcript, click here. || Terra10_ipodlarge.08402_print.jpg (1024x576) [38.3 KB] || Terra10_ipodlarge_web.png (320x180) [47.8 KB] || Terra10_ipodlarge_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || Terra10_Apple_TV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [71.4 MB] || Terra10_Youtube.mov (1280x720) [72.8 MB] || Terra10_Apple_TV.m4v (960x720) [179.0 MB] || Terra10_H.264.mov (1280x720) [146.6 MB] || Terra10_ipodlarge.m4v (640x360) [55.7 MB] || Terra10.mpg (512x288) [118.8 MB] || Terra10_ipodsmall.m4v (320x180) [24.0 MB] || Terra10.wmv (346x260) [18.2 MB] || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 3355, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3355/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-05-20T23:55:00-04:00", "title": "A Short Tour of the Cryosphere", "description": "A newer version of this animation is available here.This narrated, 5-minute animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet. This is a shorter version of a narrated, 7 1/2 minute animation entitled 'A Tour of the Cryosphere'.See the above link for a detailed description of the full animation.Two sections have been removed from the original animation: one showing a flyby of the South Pole station and glaciers feeding the Ross Ice Shelf and one showing solar data related to the Earth's energy balance.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website. || ", "hits": 25 }, { "id": 3181, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3181/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-12-04T23:55:00-05:00", "title": "A Tour of the Cryosphere", "description": "A new HD version of this animation is available here.Click here to go to the media download section.The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. In these regions, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of each year. Since ice and snow exist relatively close to their melting point, they frequently change from solid to liquid and back again due to fluctuations in surface temperature. Although direct measurements of the cryosphere can be difficult to obtain due to the remote locations of many of these areas, using satellite observations scientists monitor changes in the global and regional climate by observing how regions of the Earth's cryosphere shrink and expand.This animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The animation begins in Antarctica, showing ice thickness ranging from 2.7 to 4.8 kilometers thick along with swaths of polar stratospheric clouds. In a tour of this frozen continent, the animation shows some unique features of the Antarctic landscape found nowhere else on earth. Ice shelves, ice streams, glaciers, and the formation of massive icebergs can be seen. A time series shows the movement of iceberg B15A, an iceberg 295 kilometers in length which broke off of the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Moving farther along the coastline, a time series of the Larsen ice shelf shows the collapse of over 3,200 square kilometers ice since January 2002. As we depart from the Antarctic, we see the seasonal change of sea ice and how it nearly doubles the size of the continent during the winter.From Antarctica, the animation travels over South America showing areas of permafrost over this mostly tropical continent. We then move further north to observe daily changes in snow cover over the North American continent. The clouds show winter storms moving across the United States and Canada, leaving trails of snow cover behind. In a close-up view of the western US, we compare the difference in land cover between two years: 2003 when the region received a normal amount of snow and 2002 when little snow was accumulated. The difference in the surrounding vegetation due to the lack of spring melt water from the mountain snow pack is evident.As the animation moves from the western US to the Arctic region, the areas effected by permafrost are visible. In December, we see how the incoming solar radiation primarily heats the Southern Hemisphere. As time marches forward from December to June, the daily snow and sea ice recede as the incoming solar radiation moves northward to warm the Northern Hemisphere.Using satellite swaths that wrap the globe, the animation shows three types of instantaneous measurements of solar radiation observed on June 20, 2003: shortwave (reflected) radiation, longwave (thermal) radiation and net flux (showing areas of heating and cooling). Correlation between reflected radiation and clouds are evident. When the animation fades to show the monthly global average net flux, we see that the polar regions serve to cool the global climate by radiating solar energy back into space throughout the year.The animation shows a one-year cycle of the monthly average Arctic sea ice concentration followed by the mean September minimum sea ice for each year from 1979 through 2004. A red outline indicates the mean sea ice extent for September over 22 years, from 1979 to 2002. The minimum Arctic sea ice animation clearly shows how over the last 5 years the quantity of polar ice has decreased by 10 - 14% from the 22 year average.While moving from the Arctic to Greenland, the animation shows the constant motion of the Arctic polar ice using daily measures of sea ice activity. Sea ice flows from the Arctic into Baffin Bay as the seasonal ice expands southward. As we draw close to the Greenland coast, the animation shows the recent changes in the Jakobshavn glacier. Although Jakobshavn receded only slightly from 1042 to 2001, the animation shows significant recession over the past three years, from 2002 through 2004.This animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website. || ", "hits": 104 }, { "id": 3231, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3231/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane Katrina: Full Disk Shortwave Infrared (WMS)", "description": "The GOES-12 satellite sits at 75 degrees west longitude at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers over the equator, in geosynchronous orbit. At this position its Imager instrument takes pictures of cloud patterns in several wavelengths for all of North and South America, a primary measurement used in weather forecasting. Every three hours the Imager takes a picture of the full disk of the Earth. This animation shows a sequence of these full disk images in the shortwave infrared wavelengths, 3.78 to 4.03 microns, during the period that Hurricane Katrina passed through the Gulf of Mexico. This wavelength band shows the day-night cycle, and is useful for identifying fog at night and discriminating between water clouds and snow or ice clouds during the daytime. || ", "hits": 17 }, { "id": 3175, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3175/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Outgoing Shortwave Flux Compared to Clouds (WMS)", "description": "The Earth's climate is determined by energy transfer from the sun to the Earth's land, oceans, and atmosphere. As the Earth rotates, the sun lights up only part of the Earth at a time, and some of that incoming solar energy is reflected and some is absorbed, depending on type of area it lights. The amount of reflection and absorption is critical to the climate. An instrument named CERES orbits the Earth every 99 minutes and measures the reflected solar energy. This animation shows the reflected solar radiation measured by CERES during 29 orbits on June 20 and 21 of 2003 over infrared cloud images for the same period. Reflected solar radiation is shortwave radiation, and the most intense reflection comes from clouds. || ", "hits": 24 }, { "id": 3177, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3177/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Net Radiation Flux Compared to Clouds (WMS)", "description": "The Earth's climate is determined by energy transfer from the sun to the Earth's land, oceans, and atmosphere. As the Earth rotates, the sun lights up only part of the Earth at a time, and some of that incoming solar energy is reflected and some is absorbed, depending on type of area it lights. The amount of reflection and absorption is critical to the climate. An instrument named CERES orbits the Earth every 99 minutes and measures the reflected solar energy. This animation shows the net radiation flux within view of CERES during 29 orbits on June 20 and 21 of 2003. The net flux is the incoming solar flux minus the outgoing reflected (shortwave) and thermal (longwave) radiation. If the flux in a region is positive, the Earth is being warmed by the sun in that region, while cooling regions have a negative flux. It is clear from the animation that the most intensive heating occurs in ocean regions with few clouds, while the second most intense are cloud-free regions over vegetated land areas. Deserts, cloudy regions, and ice caps all reflect enough solar radiation to reduce the amount of heating. Regions of night are, of course, cooling regions because there is no incoming flux at all. || ", "hits": 62 }, { "id": 3096, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3096/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-02-01T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Average Clear-sky Outgoing Shortwave Flux (WMS)", "description": "The Earth's climate is determined by energy transfer from the sun to the Earth's land, oceans, and atmosphere. As the Earth rotates, the sun lights up only part of the Earth at a time, and some of that incoming solar energy is reflected and some is absorbed, depending on type of area it lights. The average amount of reflection and absorption is critical to the climate, because the absorbed energy heats up the Earth until it is radiated away as thermal radiation. This animation shows the monthly average clear-sky outgoing shortwave radiation from July, 2002 through June, 2004 as measured by the CERES instrument. This is the sunlight that is directly reflected back into space by ice, desert, and other physical areas on the Earth when the sky is cloud-free. The ice sheets can be clearly seen to reflect the most sunlight, with desert areas next. Oceans absorb the most sunlight, more than the vegetated land areas such as the tropical rain forest and temperate forests and plains. || ", "hits": 21 }, { "id": 3097, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3097/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-02-01T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Average Total-sky Outgoing Shortwave Flux (WMS)", "description": "The Earth's climate is determined by energy transfer from the sun to the Earth's land, oceans, and atmosphere. As the Earth rotates, the sun lights up only part of the Earth at a time, and some of that incoming solar energy is reflected and some is absorbed, depending on type of area it lights. The average amount of reflection and absorption is critical to the climate, because the absorbed energy heats up the Earth until it is radiated away as thermal radiation. This animation shows the monthly average outgoing shortwave radiation from July, 2002 through June, 2004 as measured by the CERES instrument. This is the sunlight that is directly reflected back into space by clouds, ice, desert, and other physical areas on the Earth. Although clouds are very reflective, they come and going during the month, so more reflection is seen on average from ice sheets, which change very little during a monthly period. Note that the cloud-free parts of the ocean are relatively dark, indicating that oceans absorb more sunlight than they reflect. || ", "hits": 13 }, { "id": 3106, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3106/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-02-01T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Instantaneous Net Radiation Flux (WMS)", "description": "The Earth's climate is determined by energy transfer from the sun to the Earth's land, oceans, and atmosphere. As the Earth rotates, the sun lights up only part of the Earth at a time, and some of that incoming solar energy is reflected and some is absorbed, depending on type of area it lights. The amount of reflection and absorption is critical to the climate. An instrument named CERES orbits the Earth every 99 minutes and measures the reflected solar energy. This animation shows the net radiation flux within view of CERES during 29 orbits on June 20 and 21 of 2003. The net flux is the incoming solar flux minus the outgoing reflected (shortwave) and thermal (longwave) radiation. If the flux in a region is positive, the Earth is being warmed by the sun in that region, while cooling regions have a negative flux. It is clear from the animation that the most intensive heating occurs in ocean regions with few clouds, while the second most intense are cloud-free regions over vegetated land areas. Deserts, cloudy regions, and ice caps all reflect enough solar radiation to reduce the amount of heating. Regions of night are, of course, cooling regions because there is no incoming flux at all. || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 3108, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3108/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-02-01T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Instantaneous Outgoing Shortwave Flux (WMS)", "description": "The Earth's climate is determined by energy transfer from the sun to the Earth's land, oceans, and atmosphere. As the Earth rotates, the sun lights up only part of the Earth at a time, and some of that incoming solar energy is reflected and some is absorbed, depending on type of area it lights. The amount of reflection and absorption is critical to the climate. An instrument named CERES orbits the Earth every 99 minutes and measures the reflected solar energy. This animation shows the reflected solar radiation measured by CERES during 29 orbits on June 20 and 21 of 2003. Reflected solar radiation is shortwave radiation, and the most intense reflection comes from clouds, followed by ice. Land reflects only a small amount of radiation, but ocean reflects the least, which is the reason that the sun heats the oceans so effectively. Of course, there is no reflected solar radiation in regions of night. || ", "hits": 13 }, { "id": 2156, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2156/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2001-06-20T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "One Year of Terra/CERES Data (Reflected Solar Radiation) Daily Data", "description": "This animation displays a little over one year of Terra/CERES data (March 1, 2000 to May 25, 2001) at one day resolution. The data are 2.5 degree resolution. The band is reflected solar radiation (often referred to as 'shortwave' in the literature). Bright areas correspond to cloud tops or snowcover. || ", "hits": 11 }, { "id": 1118, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1118/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2000-04-19T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Terra First Light Visualizations: North America", "description": "Viewing various TERRA data sets of North America including: MODIS Image of North America, CERES shortwave/Albedo, CERES longwave, MODIS True Color, 250m MODIS TRUE (San Francisco), ASTER (Lake Tahoe), MISR (Baja), and MODIS -True Color || ", "hits": 11 }, { "id": 1138, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1138/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2000-04-19T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "CERES to MISR Sequence", "description": "CERES stands for Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System. More information about CERES can be found at (http://terra.nasa.gov/Brochure/Sect_4-3.html) and (http://ceres.larc.nasa.gov/ceres_brochure.php). || ", "hits": 7 }, { "id": 1141, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1141/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2000-04-19T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Shortwave from CERES", "description": "CERES stands for Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System. More information about CERES can be found at (http://terra.nasa.gov/Brochure/Sect_4-3.html) and (http://ceres.larc.nasa.gov/ceres_brochure.php). || ", "hits": 9 }, { "id": 1142, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1142/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2000-04-19T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Shortwave from CERES Unwrapped", "description": "CERES stands for Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System. More information about CERES can be found at (http://terra.nasa.gov/Brochure/Sect_4-3.html) and (http://ceres.larc.nasa.gov/ceres_brochure.php). || ", "hits": 13 }, { "id": 1144, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1144/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2000-04-19T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Spinning Global Shortwave from CERES", "description": "CERES stands for Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System. More information about CERES can be found at (http://terra.nasa.gov/Brochure/Sect_4-3.html) and (http://ceres.larc.nasa.gov/ceres_brochure.php). || ", "hits": 5 }, { "id": 844, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/844/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Mexico City: High Resolution Elevation Render With x4 Vertical Exaggeration", "description": "A flyby of Mexico city from Landsat imagery draped over elevation data, where the elevation data exaggeration grows to a factor of 4 || a000844.00095_print.png (720x480) [449.9 KB] || a000844_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || a000844_pre.jpg (320x238) [6.7 KB] || a000844_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [51.4 KB] || a000844.webmhd.webm (960x540) [10.4 MB] || a000844.dv (720x480) [188.3 MB] || a000844.mp4 (640x480) [10.2 MB] || a000844.mpg (352x240) [7.5 MB] || ", "hits": 141 }, { "id": 845, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/845/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Fly up the Chesapeake Bay to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania", "description": "This scene shows Landsat Thematic Mapper data from the shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels of the Chesapeake Bay. The Patuxent River can be seen running parallel to the Bay on the left, while the Choptank River enters the Bay on the right. Annapolis and Kent Island (flat look-down image) is from the 2nd of October, 1997, all other images are from 16 November, 1996. The change in color between these dates (predominately green in October, red in November) result from seasonal changes in vegetation. || ", "hits": 31 }, { "id": 846, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/846/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Flight along the Washington-Baltimore Corridor", "description": "A flyby of the Washington-Baltimore corridor, from Landsat imagery draped over elevation data || a000846.00010_print.png (720x480) [580.5 KB] || a000846_thm.png (80x40) [5.7 KB] || a000846_pre.jpg (320x238) [10.9 KB] || a000846_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [73.9 KB] || a000846.webmhd.webm (960x540) [19.0 MB] || a000846.dv (720x480) [267.9 MB] || a000846.mp4 (640x480) [14.5 MB] || a000846.mpg (352x240) [10.1 MB] || ", "hits": 25 }, { "id": 847, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/847/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Atlanta Flyby", "description": "A flyby of Atlanta, from Landsat imagery draped over elevation data || a000847.00010_print.png (720x480) [586.1 KB] || a000847_thm.png (80x40) [5.0 KB] || a000847_pre.jpg (320x238) [9.0 KB] || a000847_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [68.3 KB] || a000847.webmhd.webm (960x540) [18.6 MB] || a000847.dv (720x480) [261.4 MB] || a000847.mp4 (640x480) [14.1 MB] || a000847.mpg (352x240) [9.8 MB] || ", "hits": 30 }, { "id": 848, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/848/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Boston Flyby", "description": "This scene shows Landsat Thematic Mapper data from the shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels of Boston. Logan Airport is visible in the foreground, while high resolution images show the highway network running around the city. || ", "hits": 27 }, { "id": 849, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/849/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Chicago Flyby", "description": "A flyby of Chicago, from Landsat imagery || a000849.00010_print.png (720x480) [496.7 KB] || a000849_thm.png (80x40) [4.8 KB] || a000849_pre.jpg (320x238) [9.2 KB] || a000849_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [58.2 KB] || a000849.webmhd.webm (960x540) [13.3 MB] || a000849.dv (720x480) [241.1 MB] || a000849.mp4 (640x480) [13.0 MB] || a000849.mpg (352x240) [9.0 MB] || ", "hits": 34 }, { "id": 851, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/851/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Detroit Flyby", "description": "These images show the metropolitan area of Detroit and a close-up view of its downtown area. In the view of the entire city, north is up. The lake to the east of the city is Lake St. Claire while the northwestern corner of Lake Erie appears in the bottom right corner of the image. The Michigan side is on the image's left, while the long neck of land to the right across Lake St. Claire is Canada. The Canadian city of Windsor can be seen across the river from Detroit. The shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels are displayed in the images as red, green, and blue respectively. In this combination, barren and/or recently cultivated land appears red to pink, vegetation appears green, and water is dark blue. || ", "hits": 36 }, { "id": 852, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/852/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Los Angeles Flyby", "description": "These scenes show Los Angeles and Burbank as seen by the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) instrument. The shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels are displayed in the images as red, green, and blue respectively. In this combination, barren and/or recently cultivated land appears red to pink, vegetation appears green, water is dark blue, and artificial structures of concrete and asphalt appear dark gray or black. || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 853, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/853/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Philadelphia Flyby", "description": "These scenes show the city of Philadelphia as seen by the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) instrument. The river running through the city is the Delaware which defines the boundary between New Jersey and Pennsylvania. In the larger city area image, north is approximately up. The river runs south. Just near the top of the image, upstream of the city and where the Delaware River turns west is the New Jersey city of Trenton. The shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels are displayed in the images as red, green, and blue respectively. In this combination, barren and or recently cultivated land appears red to pink, vegetation appears green, water is dark blue, and artificial structures of concrete and asphalt appear dark gray or black. || ", "hits": 36 }, { "id": 854, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/854/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "San Francisco Flyby: Channels 542", "description": "A flyby of San Francisco, from Landsat imagery || a000854.00010_print.png (720x480) [555.5 KB] || a000854_thm.png (80x40) [5.3 KB] || a000854_pre.jpg (320x238) [8.3 KB] || a000854_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [64.7 KB] || a000854.webmhd.webm (960x540) [17.1 MB] || a000854.dv (720x480) [243.2 MB] || a000854.mp4 (640x480) [13.0 MB] || a000854.mpg (352x240) [19.5 MB] || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 855, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/855/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "San Francisco Flyby: Channels 543", "description": "A Flyby of San Francisco, from Landsat imagery || a000855.00010_print.png (720x480) [551.4 KB] || a000855_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || a000855_pre.jpg (320x240) [9.2 KB] || a000855_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [70.2 KB] || a000855.webmhd.webm (960x540) [17.0 MB] || a000855.dv (720x480) [243.1 MB] || a000855.mp4 (640x480) [13.0 MB] || a000855.mpg (352x240) [9.9 MB] || ", "hits": 31 }, { "id": 857, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/857/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Miami/Fort Lauderdale Flyby", "description": "These scenes show Miami and Fort Lauderdale as seen by the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) instrument. The shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels are displayed in the images as red, green, and blue respectively. In this combination, barren and/or recently cultivated land appears red to pink, vegetation appears green, water is dark blue, and artificial structures of concrete and asphalt appear dark gray or black. || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 858, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/858/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minneapolis Flyby", "description": "These scenes show Minneapolis and St. Paul as seen by the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) instrument. The shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels are displayed in the images as red, green, and blue respectively. In this combination, barren and/or recently cultivated land appears red to pink, vegetation appears green, water is dark blue, and artificial structures of concrete and asphalt appear dark gray or black. In the first scene showing Minneapolis and St. Paul, Downtown Minneapolis straddles the Mississippi River in the center of the image, with the Minnesota River coming in through the south of town. The Minneapolis airport is located near the junction of the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers. St. Paul is to the east (right) of Minneapolis, downstream of the river junction. To the far right and upper corner, the St. Croix River defines the border between Minnesota and Wisconsin. The town on the Minnesota side of the St. Croix River is Stillwater. The South Minnesota image shows the city near the Minnesota River, while the downtown image is looking westward from St. Paul towards Minneapolis. || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 859, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/859/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Phoenix Flyby", "description": "A flyby of Phoenix, from Landsat data || a000859.00010_print.png (720x480) [658.9 KB] || a000859_thm.png (80x40) [5.8 KB] || a000859_pre.jpg (320x238) [10.7 KB] || a000859_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [77.3 KB] || a000859.webmhd.webm (960x540) [17.0 MB] || a000859.dv (720x480) [240.1 MB] || a000859.mp4 (640x480) [13.1 MB] || a000859.mpg (352x240) [9.5 MB] || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 860, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/860/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "San Diego Flyby", "description": "This scene shows Landsat Thematic Mapper data from the shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels of San Diego. The TM data was collected by Landsat 5 on the 12th of September, 1996. || ", "hits": 30 }, { "id": 861, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/861/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "St. Louis Flyby", "description": "This scene shows Landsat Thematic Mapper data from the shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels of St. Louis. The TM data was collected by Landsat 5 on the 18th of November, 1997. || ", "hits": 32 }, { "id": 862, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/862/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Fly Up the Hudson River", "description": "This scene shows the western end of Long Island, New York City, the New Jersey shore, and the mouth of the Hudson River. The imagery is Landsat Thematic Mapper data using the shortwave infrared, red, and green channels. Terrain information comes from the USGS Digital Elevation Map data. || ", "hits": 36 }, { "id": 863, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/863/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Rome Flyby", "description": "A flyby of Rome, from Landsat data || a000863.00010_print.png (720x480) [592.3 KB] || a000863_thm.png (80x40) [5.2 KB] || a000863_pre.jpg (320x238) [8.9 KB] || a000863_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [68.9 KB] || a000863.webmhd.webm (960x540) [13.8 MB] || a000863.dv (720x480) [247.0 MB] || a000863.mp4 (640x480) [13.1 MB] || a000863.mpg (352x240) [9.4 MB] || ", "hits": 3 }, { "id": 864, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/864/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Beijing Flyby", "description": "This Landsat scene shows the city of Beijing, looking northward. The main city airport is visible in the foreground. The Landsat data is shown with shortwave infrared (TM Band 5) displayed as red, near infrared (TM Band 4) as green, and visible green (TM Band 2) as blue. Reddish tone shows bare soil or recently cultivated land, greens shows vegetation, while dark gray tones correspond to concrete and asphalt. The overall dark pink/red tone of the city in this image is due to the data coming from the early winter when there is much less vegetation coverage. || ", "hits": 51 }, { "id": 865, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/865/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Berlin Flyby", "description": "This scene shows the city of Berlin, seen from the eastern side of the city looking west. At the time this Landsat data was collected, Berlin was still divided by the Berlin Wall. The airfield shown somewhat south of the city is Tempelhof airfield. The Spree River runs through the center of the city. Just south of the Spree River is a large green area which is Tiergarten Park. The image also shows a brown region in the upper center which is Tegel Airport. The Landsat data is shown with shortwave infrared (TM Band 5) displayed as red, near infrared (TM Band 4) as green, and visible green (TM Band 2) as blue. This wide spectral range causes urban features such as concrete buildings and roads to appear as dark gray/black, water as dark blue, while green spaces are vegetation coverage such as grass and trees. || ", "hits": 8 }, { "id": 866, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/866/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Paris Flyby", "description": "Flyover of Paris, France || a000866.00010_print.png (720x480) [572.5 KB] || paris_flyover_pre.jpg (320x240) [10.5 KB] || a000866_thm.png (80x40) [5.0 KB] || a000866_pre.jpg (320x238) [8.8 KB] || a000866_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [67.4 KB] || a000866.webmhd.webm (960x540) [15.3 MB] || a000866.dv (720x480) [247.7 MB] || a000866.mp4 (640x480) [13.2 MB] || paris_flyover.mov (320x240) [6.7 MB] || a000866.mpg (352x240) [9.5 MB] || ", "hits": 3 }, { "id": 867, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/867/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Denver Flyby", "description": "These images show the city of Denver as seen by Landsat. The shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels are displayed in the images as red, green, and blue respectively. In this combination, barren and/or recently cultivated land appears red to pink, vegetation appears green, and water is dark blue. || ", "hits": 38 }, { "id": 868, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/868/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "New York City Flyby", "description": "These scenes show Long Island, Long Island Sound, and Manhattan Island with the metropolitan area of New York City as seen by the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) instrument. The shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels are displayed in the images as red, green, and blue respectively. In this combination, barren and/or recently cultivated land appears red to pink, vegetation appears green, water is dark blue, and artificial structures of concrete and asphalt appear dark gray or black. || ", "hits": 40 }, { "id": 869, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/869/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Sacramento Flyby", "description": "This scene shows Landsat Thematic Mapper data from the shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels of Sacramento. The TM data was collected by Landsat 5 on the 27th of September, 1997. || ", "hits": 28 }, { "id": 870, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/870/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Portland Flyby", "description": "A flyby of Portland, from Landsat data || a000870.00010_print.png (720x480) [631.2 KB] || a000870_thm.png (80x40) [5.3 KB] || a000870_pre.jpg (320x238) [10.2 KB] || a000870_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [72.0 KB] || a000870.webmhd.webm (960x540) [16.1 MB] || a000870.dv (720x480) [246.0 MB] || a000870.mp4 (640x480) [13.2 MB] || a000870.mpg (352x240) [9.4 MB] || ", "hits": 31 }, { "id": 871, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/871/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Chicago Flyby Along Lake Shore Drive", "description": "This scene shows Landsat Thematic Mapper data from the shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels of Chicago. The downtown area and Lakeshore Drive appears in the center of the downtown scene, with the Adler Planetarium in the foreground. The Chicago regional image shows the suburbs to the west and north of the city and includes O'Hare Airfield. The South Chicago image shows the southern portion of the city as well as the industrial area of Gary, Indiana. The bright red pixels are flame plumes from the steel mills along Lake Michigan's edge. North is up in the regional image, and to the right in the downtown and South Chicago/Gary images in which the camera is facing west from above Lake Michigan. || ", "hits": 30 }, { "id": 872, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/872/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Dallas and Fort Worth Flyby", "description": "This scene shows Landsat Thematic Mapper data from the shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels of Dallas and Fort Worth. || A flyby of Dallas and Fort Worth, from Landsat imagery taken July 2, 1997 || a000872.00010_print.png (720x480) [582.5 KB] || a000872_pre.jpg (320x242) [9.6 KB] || a000872.webmhd.webm (960x540) [17.1 MB] || a000872.dv (720x480) [245.9 MB] || a000872.mp4 (640x480) [13.2 MB] || a000872.mpg (352x240) [9.9 MB] || ", "hits": 36 }, { "id": 876, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/876/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "San Francisco With Elevation (542), x 3 Exaggeration", "description": "These scenes shows Landsat Thematic Mapper data of the cities of Oakland and Berkeley, as well as the San Francisco Bay Area. The first image, which is predominately brown in color, is a 'natural color' image which uses the Thematic Mapper bands 3, 2, and 1 displayed as red, green, and blue respectively. This yields a color scheme approximately the same as those seen by the human eye. The other two scenes use data from the infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum to maximize the range of wavelengths shown. These images use the shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels. Digital elevation data was used in the two city scenes to create three dimensional terrain, which is vertically exaggerated by a factor of three to show the relief of the land. The city in the foreground and slightly to the left is Oakland, with Alameda on the island seperated from Oakland by the narrow strip of water. The island south (left) of Alameda is filled land on which the Oakland International Airport has been built. The Bay Bridge carries Interstate 80 across the Bay and into downtown San Francisco to the right of the image center. Berkeley sits between the hills and bay to the north (right) of the Bay Bridge. San Francisco, Angel Island, Tiburon, Marin County, and the Golden Gate are all visible on the far side of the bay. The strong brown/gray tone of the natural color image is a result of the data being taken during the early autumn when ground cover is very dry and the land tends to appear somewhat barren. In the TM 542 scenes, barren exposed land appears red to pink, vegetation appears green, and water is dark blue. || ", "hits": 72 }, { "id": 883, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/883/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Phoenix With Terrain, x 3 Exaggeration", "description": "These scenes show Phoenix, Arizona as seen by the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) instrument. The shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels are displayed in the images as red, green, and blue respectively. In this combination, barren and/or recently cultivated land appears red to pink, vegetation appears green, water is dark blue, and artificial structures of concrete and asphalt appear dark gray or black.The Landsat image has been combined with digital elevation model data to show terrain. The terrain has been vertically exaggerated by a factor of three to emphasize elevation information. || ", "hits": 32 }, { "id": 896, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/896/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Washington D.C. and Baltimore With Terrain, x 3 Exaggeration", "description": "This scene shows Landsat Thematic Mapper data from the shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels of Baltimore. The Inner Harbor appears in the lower right, with the Patapsco River feeding into the Chesapeake Bay near the bottom. The higher resolution images show roads, including the Baltimore Beltway circling the city. || ", "hits": 40 }, { "id": 901, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/901/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Waldo Lake Wilderness Area from Landsat: August 4, 1998", "description": "This scene shows a 17-18 mile square area in central Oregon in the Willamette National Forest after forest fires burned through the area in the summer of 1996. The lake in the center of the image is Waldo Lake, located near the Pacific Crest in the Cascade Range. The mountain to the northwest of it (up and to the left in this image) is Moolack Mountain.The Landsat image was created by combining data from the shortwave infrared (Thematic Mapper (TM) band 5), near infrared (TM band 4) and red (TM band 3) and displaying these bands as red, green, and blue respectively. In this combination, barren exposed land appears red to pink, vegetation appears green, and water is dark blue or black. The light green checkerboard areas are clear cuts in the Willamette National Forest: the dark green is forest, while the light green is light scrub and grass which has grown back in after the area has been clear cut. The pink areas north of Waldo Lake and along the north face of Moolack Mountain are scars from a fire earlier that summer. The Waldo Lake fire burned approximately 10,000 acres while the smaller fire on Moolack Mountain destroyed about 1,000 acres. || ", "hits": 41 }, { "id": 906, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/906/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Pittsburgh (542) With Terrain Data, x 3 Exaggeration", "description": "These scenes show Pittsburgh and the countryside around it as seen by the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) instrument. Pittsburgh is built around the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers which join in the city to form the Ohio River. The terrain of the area is also shown exaggerated by a factor of three to emphasis terrain features such as the Appalachian Mountains and the river valleys. In the countryside image, north is up, the Monongahela River runs in from the south into the city while the Allegheny comes in from the north and the Ohio runs westward (to the left) out to the scene's edge. The image of the city appears from the perspective of a viewer above the Allegheny River looking southwards towards the city.The shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels are displayed in the images as red, green, and blue respectively. In this combination, barren and/or recently cultivated land appears red to pink, vegetation appears green, water is dark blue, and artificial structures of concrete and asphalt appear dark gray or black. || ", "hits": 43 }, { "id": 923, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/923/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Atlanta Flyby with Opening Labels (542)", "description": "Atlanta with opening labels (542). This scene shows Landsat Thematic Mapper data from the shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels of Atlanta. || ", "hits": 29 }, { "id": 936, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/936/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Creating Landsat Images from Raw Data: San Francisco - Oakland", "description": "These images are compressed versions of high definition television (HDTV) images showing how Landsat data, which spans a very broad swatch of the electromagnetic spectrum, can be turned into images. The TIFF versions of these images are full resolution HDTV frames (1920 x 1080). All images have the HDTV standard aspect ratio (16:9).The Thematic Mapper (TM) on Landsat 4 and 5 observes reflected sunlight from the Earth all the way from blue in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum to shortwave infrared well beyond the ability of the human eye to percieve. The TM instrument also can observe infrared radiation actively emitted by the Earth from thermal infrared radiation. Landsat 7 carries an improved version of the TM instrument, called ETM+. In addition to 7 channels of spectral data collected by the older TM instruments, ETM+ can observe in a special panchromatic band spanning the entire visible spectrum at twice the resolution of the TM bands (15 meter resolution instead of 30 meters). The ETM+ also has a major improvement in the resolution of the thermal band (60 meter resolution instead of 160 meters).A standard way to create images from raw Landsat TM and ETM+ data is to display a single band as a primary color, then combine different bands to create a full color image. Images shown here demonstrate combining three bands to make a color image using TM bands 5, 4, and 2, which covers a very broad range of the TM's spectral coverage. It is also shown in combination with a digital elevation model. Terrain data is shown with vertical features exaggerated by a factor of three to emphasize details. || ", "hits": 37 }, { "id": 1350, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1350/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Portland: Correct Lighting, x2 Vertical Exaggeration", "description": "These scenes show Portland, Oregon and the countryside around it as seen by the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) instrument. Portland sits on the Willamette River south of its confluence with the Columbia River. The city sits very close to several mountains in the Cascade Range, including Mt. Hood, Mt. Adams, and Mt. St. Helens. The terrain of the area is also shown exaggerated by a factor of two to emphasis terrain features such as the mountains and the Columbia Gorge just north of Mt. Hood and south of Mt. Adams.The shortwave infrared (TM band 5), infrared (TM band 4), and visible green (TM band 2) channels are displayed in the images as red, green, and blue respectively. In this combination, barren and/or recently cultivated land appears red to pink, vegetation appears green, water is dark blue, and artificial structures of concrete and asphalt appear dark gray or black. The natural color images combine TM bands 3, 2, and 1 and map them to red, green, and blue, respectively. || ", "hits": 6 }, { "id": 324, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/324/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1998-06-05T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Mexico City, (high vertical exaggeration)", "description": "Flying around a Landsat image of Mexico City as the topography of the area grows || a000324.00010_print.png (720x480) [465.9 KB] || mexico_city_pre.jpg (320x240) [6.3 KB] || a000324_pre.jpg (320x238) [7.5 KB] || a000324.webmhd.webm (960x540) [9.7 MB] || a000324.dv (720x480) [189.5 MB] || a000324.mp4 (640x480) [10.7 MB] || mexico_city.mov (320x240) [4.9 MB] || a000324.mpg (352x240) [6.4 MB] || ", "hits": 180 }, { "id": 325, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/325/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1998-06-05T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Zoom into an Arbitrary Field near Des Moines, Iowa", "description": "This Landsat Thematic Mapper image uses shortwave infrared, infrared, and visible (green) channels to show the city of Des Moines, Iowa and the agricultural regions around it. || Zoom into an arbitrary field near Des Moines, Iowa, using Landsat imagery || a000325.00010_print.png (720x480) [557.9 KB] || a000325_pre.jpg (320x242) [9.9 KB] || a000325.webmhd.webm (960x540) [2.5 MB] || a000325.dv (720x480) [81.4 MB] || a000325.mp4 (640x480) [4.6 MB] || a000325.mpg (352x240) [2.3 MB] || ", "hits": 32 } ] }