{ "count": 94, "next": null, "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 15009, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/15009/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2026-04-28T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Water Loss in Lake Milh (Razzaza), Iraq", "description": "Lake Milh, Iraq was once a thriving resort and ecological haven. Over the past 3 decades, the lake has experienced extreme water loss, increasing salinity, and occasional algal blooms. These blooms, seen as red stains in 2019 and 2025, are driven by environmental and human impacts.", "hits": 55 }, { "id": 5479, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5479/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2025-05-30T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ocean Currents in equirectangular projection", "description": "Ocean flows beauty version. The flows are colored by temperature data from 600 meters and deeper. Flows above 600 meters deep are white. || These are ocean currents based on ECCO-2 data. This is supplementary material that is related to the new Perpetual Ocean 2 tour. These versions were created specifically for Science on a Sphere, but can be used for other purposes as well. || Ocean flows colored by salinity data || Ocean flows colored by temperature data || Beauty color bar ||", "hits": 642 }, { "id": 5425, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5425/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2025-02-27T09:45:00-05:00", "title": "Perpetual Ocean 2: Western Boundary Currents", "description": "This is the 'beauty shot version' of Perpetual Ocean 2: Western Boundary Currents. The visualization starts with a rotating globe showing ocean currents. The camera then zooms into the Kuroshio current, moves over the Indian Ocean to the Agulhas Current, then over to the Gulf Stream. The flows from the surface down to 600 meters deep are all white. Flows below 600 meters depth use the blue-cyan-white color table below.", "hits": 2189 }, { "id": 5394, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5394/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2024-11-27T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "How much does the Gulf of Mexico Contribute to the Gulf Stream?", "description": "Animation 1: Lagrangian particles colored by temperature viewed from above with fixed camera. || GM_experiment22_2024-11-01_1336_final_flatT.01638_print.jpg (1024x576) [232.7 KB] || GM_experiment22_2024-11-01_1336_final_flatT.01638_searchweb.png (320x180) [103.9 KB] || GM_experiment22_2024-11-01_1336_final_flatT.01638_thm.png (80x40) [6.5 KB] || GM_experiment_flatT_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [58.9 MB] || flatT [0 Item(s)] || GM_experiment22_final_flatT.mp4 (3840x2160) [196.8 MB] || GM_experiment22_final_flatT.mp4.hwshow [193 bytes] || ", "hits": 293 }, { "id": 5141, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5141/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2023-09-22T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Sea Surface Salinity Near The Maritime Continent", "description": "This animation of sea surface salinity shows the flow of freshwater from the Pacific into the Indian Ocean. The flow of freshwater (low salinity, blue color in 30-32 range) through narrow gaps of the maritime continent is known as Indonesian Throughflow. || sss.2020110117_print.jpg (1024x576) [172.0 KB] || sss.2020110117.png (5760x3240) [3.0 MB] || sss.2020110117_searchweb.png (320x180) [94.3 KB] || sss.2020110117_thm.png (80x40) [8.5 KB] || fixed_sss_1080p60_h265.mp4 (1920x1080) [88.2 MB] || 5760x3240_16x9_30p (5760x3240) [1.0 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [1.0 MB] || fixed_sss_2160p60.mp4 (3840x2160) [482.0 MB] || ", "hits": 318 }, { "id": 40503, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/hyperwall-power-playlist-earth-science/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2023-08-28T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hyperwall Power Playlist - Earth Science Focus", "description": "This is a collection of our most powerful, newsworthy, and frequently used Hyperwall-ready visualizations, along with several that haven't gotten the attention they deserve. They're especially great for more general or top-level science talks, or to \"set the scene\" before a deep dive into a more focused subject or dataset. We've tried to cover the subject areas our speakers focus on most. \n\nIf you're not seeing what you're looking for, there is a huge library of visualizations more localized or specialized in subject - please use the Search function above, and filter \"Result type\" for \"Hyperwall Visual.\"\n\n If you'd like to use one of these visualizations in your Hyperwall presentation, we'll need to know which element on which page. On the visualization's web page, below the visual you'd like to use, you'll see a Link icon next to the Download button. All we need is for you to click on that icon and include that link in your presentation Powerpoint/Keynote or visualization list. Additionally, please check our Hyperwall How-To Guide for tips on designing your Hyperwall presentation, file specifications, and Powerpoint/Keynote templates.", "hits": 227 }, { "id": 40462, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/cosmic-cycles3-earthas-art/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2023-05-01T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Cosmic Cycles 3 Earth as Art", "description": "Starting in 1972, nine Landsat satellites have orbited Earth, taking images of the surface. This unprecedented coverage has been tremendously useful to the scientific community, but it has also produced thousands of beautiful high-resolution images of the complex patterns of our world. From the fractal patterns of mountain ranges and river deltas to the precise geometry of agriculture, Landsat has rendered Earth as a work of art.", "hits": 32 }, { "id": 5017, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5017/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-08-26T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "A Decade of Sea Surface Salinity", "description": "This data visualization shows sea surface salinity (i.e., ocean salt concentration) over a ten year period (2011 to 2021). Warm colors (orange to yellow) are areas of high salinity/hot tropics. Cooler colors (blue to violet) are fresher waters, many of which can be seen coming from rainy/river/wetter tropics. || salinity_v48_8k.4653_print.jpg (1024x512) [132.1 KB] || salinity_v48_8k.4653_searchweb.png (180x320) [80.5 KB] || salinity_v48_8k.4653_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || salinity_v49_1000p30.mp4 (2000x1000) [56.3 MB] || 2000x1000_2x1_60p (2000x1000) [0 Item(s)] || salinity_v49_1000p30.webm (2000x1000) [14.5 MB] || salinity_v49_1000p60.mp4 (2000x1000) [31.9 MB] || 8000x4000_2x1_60p (8000x4000) [0 Item(s)] || salinity_v49_8k_2000p30_h265.mp4 (4000x2000) [88.0 MB] || ", "hits": 361 }, { "id": 5020, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5020/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-08-24T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Sea Surface Salinity Trend", "description": "This data visualization shows the areas where sea surface salinity has increased (depicted in red) and descreased (depicted in blue) over ten years (2011 to 2021). || trend_2k.png (2000x1000) [870.4 KB] || trend_8k.png (8000x4000) [12.8 MB] || trend_4k.png (4000x2000) [3.3 MB] || trend_8k_print.jpg (1024x512) [169.6 KB] || trend_8k_searchweb.png (320x180) [88.8 KB] || trend_8k_thm.png (80x40) [8.2 KB] || trend_2k.tif (2000x1000) [50.0 MB] || trend_8k.tif (8000x4000) [94.0 MB] || trend_4k.tif (4000x2000) [193.2 MB] || sea-surface-salinity-trend.hwshow [258 bytes] || ", "hits": 86 }, { "id": 4971, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4971/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-06-07T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monitoring Changing Waters using the Gulf of Maine Atlantic Time Series (GNATS)", "description": "Visualization of 20 years of data from the Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series (GNATS). The data shown are temperatures at the water's surface and below the surface. Satellite based sea surface temperatures are also shown. This version does not include date or color bar overlays. || ship_tracks.00341_FINAL_RfH24.3_H19_2022-02-23_1458.02970_print.jpg (1024x576) [149.8 KB] || ship_tracks.00341_FINAL_RfH24.3_H19_2022-02-23_1458.02970_thm.png (80x40) [6.1 KB] || ship_tracks.00341_FINAL_RfH24.3_H19_2022-02-23_1458.02970_searchweb.png (320x180) [73.4 KB] || ship_tracks.00341_FINAL_RfH24.3_H19_2022-02-23_1458.02970_web.png (320x180) [73.4 KB] || ship_tracks.00341_FINAL_RfH24.3_H19_2022-02-23_1458_1080p29.97.mp4 (1920x1080) [76.4 MB] || ship_tracks.00341_FINAL_RfH24.3_H19_2022-02-23_1458_1080p29.97.webm (1920x1080) [12.0 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_60p (3840x2160) [1.0 MB] || 9600x3240_16x9_30p (9600x3240) [1.0 MB] || ship_tracks.00341_FINAL_RfH24.3_H19_2022-02-23_1458_2160p59.94.mp4 (3840x2160) [249.3 MB] || preview_5x3_hyperwall_gulf_of_maine.mp4 (2400x810) [129.1 MB] || ", "hits": 92 }, { "id": 31173, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31173/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2022-01-18T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Satellite View of the Blue Economy", "description": "Laura Lorenzoni's \"Satellite View of the Blue Economy\" presentation for COP26 || COP26_title_slide_Lorenzoni.001_print.jpg (1024x576) [559.1 KB] || COP26_title_slide_Lorenzoni.001.jpeg (5760x3240) [12.8 MB] || COP26_title_slide_Lorenzoni.001_searchweb.png (180x320) [94.4 KB] || COP26_title_slide_Lorenzoni.001_thm.png (80x40) [7.6 KB] || lorenzoni_2021_cop26_sub_720p30.webm (1280x720) [81.7 MB] || lorenzoni_2021_cop26_sub_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [882.1 MB] || lorenzoni_2021_cop26_sub_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [475.1 MB] || lorenzoni_2021_cop26_sub_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [2.6 GB] || ", "hits": 35 }, { "id": 13978, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13978/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2021-10-29T01:00:00-04:00", "title": "Instruments in the Sea and Sky: NASA’s S-MODE Mission Kicks off", "description": "Using instruments at sea and in the sky, the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) team aims to understand the role these ocean processes play in vertical transport, the movement of heat, nutrients, oxygen, and carbon from the ocean surface to the deeper ocean layers below. In addition, scientists think these small-scale ocean features play an important role in the exchange of heat and gases between air and sea. Understanding small-scale ocean dynamics will help scientists better understand how Earth’s oceans slow the impact of global warming and impact the Earth climate system. || ", "hits": 34 }, { "id": 4850, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4850/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-04-29T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Internal Ocean Tides", "description": "Data visualization featuring internal tides data from NASA Goddard's Space Flight Center simulation run. The visualization sequence starts with a view of the Americas and the Pacific Ocean and soon after exposes the undersea mountain range along the Hawaiian Ridge. Internal tides data appear on the water surface and the direction of the waves reveal the interplay between the steep bathymetry and the tidal energy generated in the region. Zooming out to a global view, we spot other areas around the globe where large tides are generated, such as Tahiti, Southwest Indian Ocean and Luzon Strait and observe the motions and patterns presented by data. || InternalTides_1024x576_2944.jpg (1024x576) [614.4 KB] || InternalTides_1024x576_2944_searchweb.png (320x180) [134.6 KB] || InternalTides_1024x576_2944_web.png (320x180) [134.6 KB] || InternalTides_1024x576_2944_thm.png (80x40) [21.2 KB] || InternalTides_1280x720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [62.4 MB] || InternalTides_1920x1080_60fps_2944.tif (1920x1080) [7.9 MB] || InternalTides_1280x720p30.webm (1280x720) [15.1 MB] || InternalTides_1920x1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [120.7 MB] || InternalTides (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || InternalTides_3840x2160_60fps_2944.tif (3840x2160) [31.6 MB] || InternalTides_3840x2160_p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [376.1 MB] || InternalTides_1920x1080p30.mp4.hwshow [192 bytes] || ", "hits": 145 }, { "id": 4879, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4879/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-04-29T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Internal Tides: Global Views", "description": "Data visualization featuring energetic internal tides on a rotating Earth. The visualization simulates data over a period of a day (24 hours) and showcases the largest internal tides on water bodies around the world. The largest internal tides are generated in regions with steep bathymetry and along mid-ocean ridges, such as in the Hawaiian Ridge, Tahiti, Macquarie Ridge and Luzon Strait. || LargeTides_Composite_1920x1080_0000.png (1024x576) [511.0 KB] || LargeTides_Composite_1920x1080_0000_print.jpg (1024x576) [128.5 KB] || LargeTides_Composite_1920x1080_0000_searchweb.png (320x180) [51.6 KB] || LargeTides_Composite_1920x1080_0000_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || LargeTides_Composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || LargeTides_Composite_1280x720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [62.8 MB] || LargeTides_Composite_1920x1080_0000.tif (1920x1080) [11.9 MB] || LargeTides_Composite_1920x1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [113.6 MB] || LargeTides_Composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || LargeTides_Composite_3840x2160_p30.webm (3840x2160) [28.7 MB] || LargeTides_Composite_3840x2160_p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [260.3 MB] || LargeTides_Composite_1920x1080p30.mp4.hwshow [199 bytes] || ", "hits": 53 }, { "id": 31139, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31139/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2020-05-08T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth: A System of Systems (updated)", "description": "All six time-synchronous datasets, individually and then layered two at a time || layered_pairs_1080p.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [59.0 KB] || layered_pairs_1080p.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [42.0 KB] || layered_pairs_1080p.00001_thm.png (80x40) [3.8 KB] || layered_pairs_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [83.6 MB] || layered_pairs_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [28.6 MB] || layered_pairs_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [157.7 MB] || layered_pairs_2160p.mp4 (3840x2160) [432.6 MB] || A_System_of_Systems_Updated_-_30701.pptx [436.3 MB] || ", "hits": 95 }, { "id": 4814, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4814/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2020-04-15T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth Day 2020: Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) from August 2011 through July 2014", "description": "Sea Surface Salinity || aquarius.2001_print.jpg (1024x576) [54.2 KB] || aquarius.2001_searchweb.png (320x180) [39.5 KB] || aquarius.2001_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || aquarius_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [29.1 MB] || aquarius_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [11.9 MB] || aquarius_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [182 bytes] || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 13557, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13557/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "Placing the Recent Hiatus Period in an Energy Balance Perspective", "description": "GLOBAL OBSERVATIONS OF EARTH’S ENERGY BALANCE With the launch of NASA’s Terra Satellite Earth Observing System on Dec. 18, 1999, and subsequent ‘first light’ of the Cloud’s and the Earth’s Energy Radiant System (CERES) instrument on February 26, 2000, NASA gave birth to what ultimately would become the first long-term global observational record of Earth’s energy balance. This key indicator of the climate system describes the delicate and complex balance between how much of the sun’s energy reaching Earth is absorbed and how much thermal infrared radiation is emitted back to space. “Absorbed solar radiation fuels the climate system and life on our planet,” said Norman Loeb, CERES Principal Investigator. “The Earth sheds heat by emitting outgoing radiation.” || ", "hits": 166 }, { "id": 40388, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/nasaearth-science/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2019-09-13T10:53:37-04:00", "title": "NASA Earth Science", "description": "NASA’s Earth Science Division (ESD) missions help us to understand our planet’s interconnected systems, from a global scale down to minute processes. Working in concert with a satellite network of international partners, ESD can measure precipitation around the world, and it can employ its own constellation of small satellites to look into the eye of a hurricane. ESD technology can track dust storms across continents and mosquito habitats across cities.\n\nFor more information:\nhttps://science.nasa.gov/earth-science", "hits": 190 }, { "id": 31046, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31046/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2019-07-15T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Soil Moisture, Salinity and Precipitation", "description": "Global maps shown the relationship between precipitation, soil moisture, and salinity. || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_2019-03-24_print.jpg (1024x576) [168.4 KB] || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_2019-03-24_searchweb.png (320x180) [81.6 KB] || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_2019-03-24_thm.png (80x40) [6.5 KB] || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [9.3 MB] || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [127.5 MB] || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_2019-03-24.tif (3840x2160) [7.7 MB] || salinity_soilm_precip (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_2160p.mp4 (3840x2160) [388.4 MB] || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_2160p.hwshow [106 bytes] || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_1080p.hwshow [106 bytes] || ", "hits": 49 }, { "id": 40365, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/earth-science-oct2018-briefing/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2018-10-18T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth Science Overview Oct 2018 Briefing", "description": "No description available.", "hits": 78 }, { "id": 30988, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30988/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2018-08-29T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth System Diagram", "description": "Diagram showing parts of the Earth system. || earth_system_diagram_print.jpg (1024x574) [115.6 KB] || earth_system_diagram.png (4104x2304) [1.2 MB] || earth_system_diagram_searchweb.png (320x180) [63.5 KB] || earth_system_diagram_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || earth_system_diagram.hwshow [208 bytes] || ", "hits": 290 }, { "id": 40348, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/esddatafor-societal-benefits/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2018-04-24T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "ESD data for Societal Benefit", "description": "No description available.", "hits": 157 }, { "id": 4600, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4600/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-01-31T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Sixty Years of Earth Observations: from Explorer-1 (1958) to CYGNSS (2017)", "description": "Earth observing spacecraft from Explorer-1 to CYGNSSThis video is also available on our YouTube channel. || explorer1_68_1920x1080.09999_print.jpg (1024x576) [149.7 KB] || explorer1_68_1920x1080.09999_searchweb.png (320x180) [76.7 KB] || explorer1_68_1920x1080.09999_thm.png (80x40) [5.8 KB] || explorer1_68_1920x1080_p60.mp4 (1920x1080) [73.6 MB] || firsts (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || explorer1_68_1920x1080_p30.webm (1920x1080) [35.9 MB] || explorer1_68_1920x1080_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [124.5 MB] || explorer1_68_1920x1080.1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [128.5 MB] || 9600x3240_16x9_30p (9600x3240) [0 Item(s)] || 3840x2160_16x9_60p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || explorer1_68_3840x2160_p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [461.5 MB] || ", "hits": 89 }, { "id": 40302, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/svsyoutube-candidates/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2016-06-03T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "SVS YouTube Candidates", "description": "These are the proposed visualization candidates to be included in the SVS YouTube Channel.", "hits": 181 }, { "id": 12234, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12234/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2016-04-29T15:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA On Air: NASA Mission Explores Melting Of Greenland’s Fjords And Glaciers (4/29/2016)", "description": "LEAD: NASA researchers are making the first detailed measurements of changes along Greenland's 27,000 mile-long coastal fiords and the outlet glaciers to see how Greenland ice is melting from the bottom up.1. Relative warm ocean currents flowing into the fiords are melting the bottoms of some of the glaciers. 2. Accurate maps of the sea floor, ocean temperatures and salinity data will help scientists make better estimates of just how much melting is taking place along the coast. TAG: This specific mission will last 5 years and will lead to improved climate models about sea level rise around the world. || IPAD_DELIVERABLES_NASAonAir-Greenland_OMG_VX-120213_iPad_1920x1080.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [79.1 KB] || IPAD_DELIVERABLES_NASAonAir-Greenland_OMG_VX-120213_iPad_1920x1080.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [57.2 KB] || IPAD_DELIVERABLES_NASAonAir-Greenland_OMG_VX-120213_iPad_1920x1080.00001_thm.png (80x40) [4.5 KB] || WSI_WEATHER_CHANNEL_NASAonAir-Greenland_OMG_VX-120213_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [689.5 MB] || WSI_WEATHER_CHANNEL_NASAonAir-Greenland_OMG_VX-120213_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [821.3 MB] || NBC_TODAY_NASAonAir-Greenland_OMG_VX-120213_NBC_Today.mov (1920x1080) [83.8 MB] || Weather-Central_NASAonAir-Greenland_OMG_Weather-Central.wmv (1280x720) [4.5 MB] || Accuweather_NASAonAir-Greenland_OMG_Accuweather.avi (1280x720) [3.9 MB] || BARON_SERVICE_NASAonAir-Greenland_OMG_VX-120213_baron.mp4 (1920x1080) [9.0 MB] || WC_PRORES_422_NASAonAir-Greenland_OMG_VX-120213_prores.mov (1920x1080) [353.5 MB] || IPAD_DELIVERABLES_NASAonAir-Greenland_OMG_VX-120213_iPad_960x540.m4v (960x540) [11.1 MB] || IPAD_DELIVERABLES_NASAonAir-Greenland_OMG_VX-120213_iPad_1280x720.m4v (1280x720) [20.1 MB] || IPAD_DELIVERABLES_NASAonAir-Greenland_OMG_VX-120213_iPad_1920x1080.m4v (1920x1080) [32.1 MB] || WEBM_NASAonAir-Greenland_OMG_VX-120213.webm (960x540) [8.1 MB] || ", "hits": 74 }, { "id": 30701, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30701/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2016-02-08T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Earth: A System of Systems", "description": "Slices of Earth observational and modeling data || R_beach_ball_flat_1080p.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [105.6 KB] || R_beach_ball_flat_1080p.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [53.8 KB] || R_beach_ball_flat_1080p.00001_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || R_beach_ball_flat_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [47.3 MB] || R_beach_ball_flat_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [26.4 MB] || R_beach_ball_flat_720p.webm (1280x720) [7.8 MB] || beach_ball_noLabels_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [41.8 MB] || beach_ball_noLabels_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [23.1 MB] || R_beach_ball_flat_360p.mp4 (640x360) [9.3 MB] || cam_held (4104x2304) [0 Item(s)] || earth_system_of_systems_30701.key [51.4 MB] || earth_system_of_systems_30701.pptx [49.0 MB] || beachball_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [125.7 MB] || beach_ball_noLabels_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [121.0 MB] || ", "hits": 501 }, { "id": 4401, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4401/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-11-20T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aquarius Soil Moisture 2011 -2015", "description": "This visualization shows soil moisture measurements taken by NASA’s Aquarius instrument from August 2011 to May 2015. Soil moisture, the water contained within soil particles, is an important player in Earth's water cycle. It is essential for plant life and influences weather and climate. Satellite readings of soil moisture will help scientists better understand the climate system and have potential for a wide range of applications, from advancing climate models, weather forecasts, drought monitoring and flood prediction to informing water management decisions and aiding in predictions of agricultural productivity. || ", "hits": 17 }, { "id": 30698, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30698/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2015-10-27T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Soil Moisture and Rainfall", "description": "Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity are compared to Rainfall || smap_and_imerg_print.jpg (1024x574) [184.6 KB] || smap_and_imerg_searchweb.png (180x320) [87.4 KB] || smap_and_imerg_thm.png (80x40) [6.9 KB] || smap_and_imerg_720p.webm (1280x720) [2.1 MB] || smap_and_imerg_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [20.4 MB] || smap_and_imerg_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [10.0 MB] || smap_and_imerg_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [62.8 MB] || smap_and_imerg.tif (4104x2304) [10.6 MB] || smap_and_imerg_30698.key [25.6 MB] || smap_and_imerg_30698.pptx [23.1 MB] || ", "hits": 28 }, { "id": 30697, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30697/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2015-10-23T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ocean Alkalinity", "description": "To document effects of ocean acidification it is important to have an understanding of the processes and parameters that influence alkalinity. Alkalinity is a measure of the ability of seawater to neutralize acids. This visualization shows monthly surface total alkalinity (TA) from August 2011 to May 2015 as derived using data from NASA’s Aquarius mission. Utilization of Aquarius data allows unprecedented global mapping of surface TA as it correlates strongly with salinity and to a lesser extent with temperature.For the first time, Aquarius data are allowing scientists to observe changes in surface alkalinity over time. For example, they have found that the Northern Hemisphere has more spatial and monthly variability in total alkalinity and salinity, while less variability in Southern Ocean alkalinity is due to less salinity variability and upwelling of waters enriched in alkalinity. Increasing surface TA in subtropical regions from increasing salinity and temperature causes the saturation states of calcite and aragonite to decrease, i.e., enhanced dissolution. Thus, based on increasing TA in the subtropical regions over the past few decades, it is expected that it is becoming more difficult for calcifying organisms to make their shells. || ", "hits": 124 }, { "id": 4313, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4313/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-10-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth System Science Cartoon Schematic", "description": "Earth system science is composed of broad areas of study including: air, water, land, life, and solar. || system_sci10.0900_print.jpg (1024x576) [152.8 KB] || system_sci10.0900_thm.png (80x40) [6.5 KB] || system_sci_no_sun.webm (1920x1080) [2.2 MB] || system_sci_no_sun.mp4 (1920x1080) [18.0 MB] || without_sun (1920x1080) [32.0 KB] || system_sci_no_sun.m4v (640x360) [2.9 MB] || ", "hits": 34 }, { "id": 40277, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/hyperwall20-nov2015/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2015-10-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hyperwall 20 Nov 2015", "description": "Content from the November 20, 2015 Hyperwall Content News mailing list", "hits": 11 }, { "id": 11920, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11920/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-10-08T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Drifting At Sea", "description": "An experiment in data visualization explores where research buoys end up in Earth’s oceans. || c-1024-75.jpg (1024x576) [442.5 KB] || c-1280-75.jpg (1280x720) [664.8 KB] || c-1920-75.jpg (1920x1080) [970.3 KB] || c-1024-75_print.jpg (1024x576) [462.5 KB] || c-1024-75_searchweb.png (320x180) [118.2 KB] || c-1024-75_web.png (320x180) [118.2 KB] || c-1024-75_thm.png (80x40) [17.8 KB] || ", "hits": 75 }, { "id": 4375, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4375/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-10-02T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "Garbage Patch Visualization Experiment", "description": "This gallery was created for Earth Science Week 2015 and beyond. It includes a quick start guide for educators and first-hand stories (blogs) for learners of all ages by NASA visualizers, scientists and educators. We hope that your understanding and use of NASA's visualizations will only increase as your appreciation grows for the beauty of the science they portray, and the communicative power they hold. Read all the blogs and find educational resources for all ages at: the Earth Science Week 2015 page.You may have heard of \"ocean garbage patches,\" areas in the ocean where litter and debris concentrates. This might stir up a vivid image of large blanketed areas of trash on the ocean surface that are easy to spot. But that’s not the case. Much of the debris consists of smaller pieces of plastic that are always moving and changing with the ocean currents, waves and winds. These can be difficult to see and predict. We set out to explore the processes and interactions that cause debris to flow to these patches using buoy and model data, and created a visualization based on our results. || ", "hits": 95 }, { "id": 4364, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4364/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-09-29T18:00:00-04:00", "title": "Educator Webinar: Mapping Earth's Water Cycle with NASA Scientists (Recorded)", "description": "Earth Science Week Webinar - 2014 on Vimeo!View the Concept Maps: Map 1 and Map 2 || Example flood image. || webinar_still_searchweb.png (320x180) [60.3 KB] || webinar_still_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || ESW-700x498-300x213.jpg (300x213) [14.1 KB] || ", "hits": 39 }, { "id": 4332, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4332/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-09-23T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Temperature 2011 - 2015", "description": "Aquarius is an international effort to measure sea surface salinity and learn about the interaction between ocean circulation, the water cycle and climate. Besides salinity, Aquarius also measures sea surface temperature because salinity and temperature determines seawater density and buoyancy. Sea-surface density drives formation of ocean water masses and three-dimensional ocean circulation. Thus better understanding of ocean salinity and temperature improves understanding of the ocean's capacity to store and transport heat. The animation shows the changes of sea surface temporature from September 7, 2011 to May 20, 2015. || ", "hits": 43 }, { "id": 4357, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4357/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-09-23T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Density", "description": "Sea surrface density is derived from Aquarius science products and generated by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's Aquarius Data Processing System. It is very important because sea surface density drives formation of ocean water masses and three-dimensional ocean circulation. As water parcels sink and move through the ocean, their densities will be modified by mixing with other parcels of seawater. However, if the density signatures of all the end member water masses are known, this mixing can be \"unraveled\" to determine the proportions of their various source waters. This animation shows the changes of sea surface density from September 7, 2011 to May 20, 2015. || ", "hits": 222 }, { "id": 40255, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/print-stills/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2015-09-15T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Print Stills For Heidi", "description": "No description available.", "hits": 3 }, { "id": 4353, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4353/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-09-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity 2011-2015", "description": "Rectangular flat map projection shows Sea Surface Salinity measurements taken by Aquarius in its whole life span (September 2011 - May 2015). || aquarius_sss_timeCbar_flatmap_1080p30_print.jpg (1024x576) [137.4 KB] || aquarius_sss_timeCbar_flatmap_1080p30_searchweb.png (320x180) [80.4 KB] || aquarius_sss_timeCbar_flatmap_1080p30_web.png (320x180) [80.4 KB] || aquarius_sss_timeCbar_flatmap_1080p30_thm.png (80x40) [7.2 KB] || aquarius_sss_timeCbar_flatmap_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [83.1 MB] || aquarius_sss_timeCbar_flatmap_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [12.0 MB] || flatmap_4k (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || flatmap_no_timeCbar_4k (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || aquarius_sss_timeCbar_flatmap_4353.key [88.0 MB] || aquarius_sss_timeCbar_flatmap_4353.pptx [85.4 MB] || aquarius_sss_timeCbar_flatmap_4k_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [259.0 MB] || aquarius-sea-surface-salinity-2011-2015.hwshow [203 bytes] || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 40243, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/hyperwall-earth/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2015-07-24T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hyperwall Earth", "description": "Hyperwall stories in the Earth Category\nReturn to Main Hyperwall Gallery.", "hits": 39 }, { "id": 11859, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11859/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-04-17T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA On Air: NASA Mars Rover Weather Data Bolsters Case For Salty Water (4/17/2015)", "description": "LEAD: A year’s worth of weather data from Mars indicates conditions are favorable for small quantities of salty water (brine) to form at night at Gale crater.1. Mars’ soil contains perchlorate salts that can pull water vapor out of the air. On cold nights when the relative humidity is high, they pull so much water that they dissolve into liquid, forming a salty brine.2. NASA’s Mars Curiosity rover weather station shows winter daytime temperature highs of around 0 Degrees Fahrenheit. But nighttime lows are near minus 135 Degrees Fahrenheit with relative humidity at 60%.TAG: Despite this evidence, the low temperatures and high salinity levels are likely to make the water unsuitable for life. || WC-Mars-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg (1024x576) [222.7 KB] || WC-Mars-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_searchweb.png (320x180) [115.4 KB] || WC-Mars-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_web.png (320x180) [115.4 KB] || WC-Mars-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_thm.png (80x40) [7.4 KB] || WC-Mars-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [734.2 MB] || WC-Mars-1920-MASTER_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [819.4 MB] || WC-Mars-1920-MASTER_NBC_Today.mov (1920x1080) [194.0 MB] || WC-Mars-1920-MASTER_WEA_CEN.wmv (1280x720) [13.8 MB] || WC_Mars.avi (1280x720) [16.2 MB] || WC-Mars-1920-MASTER_baron.mp4 (1920x1080) [18.1 MB] || WC-Mars-1920-MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [432.2 MB] || WC-Mars-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.m4v (960x540) [68.9 MB] || WC-Mars-1920-MASTER_iPad_1280x720.m4v (1280x720) [105.0 MB] || WC-Mars-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.m4v (1920x1080) [205.1 MB] || WC-Mars-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.webm (1920x1080) [2.9 MB] || ", "hits": 127 }, { "id": 30496, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30496/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2015-03-17T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth Observing Fleet", "description": "Like orbiting sentinels, NASA’s Earth-observing satellites vigilantly monitor our planet’s ever-changing pulse from their unique vantage points in orbit. This animation shows the orbits of all of the current satellite missions. The flight paths are based on actual orbital elements. These missions—many joint with other nations and/or agencies—are able to collect global measurements of rainfall, solar irradiance, clouds, sea surface height, ocean salinity, and other aspects of the environment. Together, these measurements help scientists better diagnose the “health” of the Earth system.This animation will be regularly updated to show the orbits of the current earth observing fleet. This most recent version, published in March 2017, includes the CYGNSS constellation and DSCOVR at L1. Visit the original page here.Previous versions from recent years include:entry 4274 a February 2015 version including SMAPentry 3996 a spring 2014 version including GPM entry 4070 a May 2013 version which added Landsat-8entry 3892 a Dec 2011 version which added Suomi NPP and Aquariusentry 3725 a version from June 2010 || ", "hits": 80 }, { "id": 4274, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4274/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-02-26T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA Earth Observing Fleet (February 2015)", "description": "A newer version of this visualization can be found here. || Orbital Fleet including SMAP without TRMM || fleet_withSMAP_noTRMM.2150_print.jpg (1024x576) [146.7 KB] || fleet_withSMAP_noTRMM_1920x1080_60fps.webm (1920x1080) [10.0 MB] || fleet_withSMAP_noTRMM_1920x1080_60fps.mp4 (1920x1080) [56.4 MB] || fleet_withSMAP_noTRMM (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || fleet_withSMAP_noTRMM_640x360_30fps.m4v (640x360) [15.1 MB] || without_TRMM (9600x3240) [0 Item(s)] || without_TRMM-ppm [0 Item(s)] || ", "hits": 38 }, { "id": 30583, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30583/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2015-02-13T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "AXIOM-1 Sea Surface Salinity, Sea Ice Thickness and Atmospheric Precipitable Water", "description": "This animation shows sea surface sailinity, sea ice thickness, and atmospheric precipitable water. || 0001_print.jpg (1024x576) [234.1 KB] || 0001_searchweb.png (180x320) [120.0 KB] || 0001_web.png (320x180) [120.0 KB] || 0001_thm.png (80x40) [8.0 KB] || sss-1920x1080.webm (1920x1080) [16.1 MB] || axiom_salinity_h265_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [109.1 MB] || axiom_salinity_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [166.0 MB] || sss-1920x1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [976.2 MB] || sss (5760x3240) [128.0 KB] || axiom_salinity_h265_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [1.0 GB] || ocean+salinity_ice_thickness_precip_water_30583.key [983.1 MB] || ocean+salinity_ice_thickness_precip_water_30583.pptx [979.9 MB] || axiom_salinity_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [1.5 GB] || ", "hits": 50 }, { "id": 30584, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30584/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2015-02-13T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "AXIOM-1 Ocean chlorophyll, Sea Ice Thickness and Atmospheric Precipitable Water", "description": "This animation shows ocean surface chlorophyll concentration, sea ice thickness, and atmospheric precipitable water. || 0001_print.jpg (1024x576) [236.0 KB] || 0001_searchweb.png (320x180) [121.0 KB] || 0001_web.png (320x180) [121.0 KB] || 0001_thm.png (80x40) [8.0 KB] || chl-1920x1080.webm (1920x1080) [15.9 MB] || axiom_chl_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [161.2 MB] || axiom_chl_h265_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [105.5 MB] || chl-1920x1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [889.5 MB] || chl (5760x3240) [128.0 KB] || axiom_chl_h265_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [913.8 MB] || chlorophyll_ice_thickness_precip_water_30584.key [896.4 MB] || chlorophyll_ice_thickness_precip_water_30584.pptx [893.1 MB] || axiom_chl_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [1.4 GB] || ", "hits": 38 }, { "id": 40415, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/whats-newwith-earth-today/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2015-01-04T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "What's New with Earth Today", "description": "Explore the latest visualizations of NASA's Earth Observing satellites and the data they collect. NASA researchers are constantly tracking remote-sensing data and modeling processes to better understand our home planet.", "hits": 149 }, { "id": 10279, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10279/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-12-11T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA On Air: NASA Tracks Amazon Plume and Ocean Salinity (12/11/2014)", "description": "LEAD: Hurricane forecasters can now use ocean salinity to help them better predict hurricanes.1. NASA’s Aquarius satellite data shows how ocean salinity (saltiness) changes during the year. Bright orange indicates higher saltiness.2. Hurricane forecasters can now zero in on the huge floating plume of fresh water coming from the Amazon River, the world’s largest river. The thick plume acts as a potential hot plate to energize hurricanes.3. From 1960 to 2000, two-thirds of Category 5 hurricanes passed directly over the Amazon plume.TAG: The ability to map the Amazon plume more precisely with ocean salinity measurements from NASA’s Aquarius satellite will benefit hurricane forecasters.REFERENCESGrodsky, S., Reul, N., Lagerloef, G., et al. (2012). Haline hurricane wake in the Amazon/Orinoco plume. Geophysical Research Letters, (39).Grodsky, S., et al (2014). Year-to-Year Salinity Changes. Remote Sensing of Environment. (140). || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg (1024x576) [108.8 KB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.00502_print.jpg (1024x576) [103.7 KB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.8 KB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_web.png (320x180) [79.8 KB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_WEA_CEN.wmv (1280x720) [13.8 MB] || AE_S8.avi (1280x720) [15.8 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_baron.mp4 (1920x1080) [21.1 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.m4v (960x540) [51.5 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1280x720.m4v (1280x720) [88.9 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_baron.webm (1920x1080) [3.5 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [771.2 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [884.7 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_NBC_Today.mov (1920x1080) [177.1 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [552.0 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.m4v (1920x1080) [176.7 MB] || ", "hits": 21 }, { "id": 4233, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4233/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-11-06T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity 2011-2014 - Flat Maps", "description": "Rectangular flat map projection (Atlantic-centered) with grid lines showing Sea Surface Salinity measurements taken by Aquarius between September 2011 and September 2014. || aquarius_sss_3yrs_atlantic_rect_grid0000_print.jpg (1024x576) [136.5 KB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_atlantic_rect_grid0000_searchweb.png (320x180) [88.6 KB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_atlantic_rect_grid0000_thm.png (80x40) [7.8 KB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_atlantic_rect_grid0000_web.png (320x180) [88.6 KB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_atlantic_rect_grid_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [24.6 MB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_atlantic_rect_grid_1080.webmhd.webm (960x540) [8.5 MB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_atlantic_rect_grid (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || ", "hits": 59 }, { "id": 4234, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4234/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-11-06T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity 2011-2014 - Rotating Globes", "description": "3 years of sea surface salinity data displayed on a spinning globe focused on the northern hemisphere with date and color bar || aquarius_sss_3yrs_SpinningGlobe_north0000_print.jpg (1024x576) [55.8 KB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_SpinningGlobe_north1329_720.webmhd.webm (960x540) [6.4 MB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_SpinningGlobe_north_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [23.4 MB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_SpinningGlobe_north1329_720.mp4 (1280x720) [11.9 MB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_SpinningGlobe_north (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || ", "hits": 52 }, { "id": 30524, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30524/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2014-11-03T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "AXIOM-1 Sea Surface Temperature", "description": "This animation shows sea surface temperature, ice thickness, and atmospheric precipitable water. || 0001_print.jpg (1024x576) [212.3 KB] || 0001_searchweb.png (320x180) [102.5 KB] || 0001_web.png (320x180) [102.5 KB] || 0001_thm.png (80x40) [7.0 KB] || sst-1920x1080.webm (1920x1080) [41.7 MB] || sst (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || sst (5760x3240) [128.0 KB] || sst-1920x1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [1.3 GB] || sst_ice_thickness_precip_water_30524.key [1.3 GB] || sst_ice_thickness_precip_water_30524.pptx [1.3 GB] || sst-5760x3240.mp4 (5760x3240) [9.0 GB] || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 4205, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4205/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-09-24T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth Science Heads-up Display", "description": "On September 10, 2014, NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) was celebrated in an evening event at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC. The title of this event was \"Vital Signs: Taking the Pulse of Our Planet\", and the speakers at this event included several Earth Scientists from Goddard Space Flight Center. This animation was used in the beginning of the event to illustrate the interconnectedness of the many Earth-based data sets that NASA has produced over the last decade or so. The animation simulates a view of the Earth from the International Space Station, over which interconnected data sets are displayed as if on a head-up display. || ", "hits": 28 }, { "id": 4208, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4208/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-09-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Earth Observing Fleet (August 2014)", "description": "This animation shows the orbits of NASA's fleet of Earth remote sensing observatories as of August 2014.The satellites include components of the A-Train:AquaAuraCloudSatCALIPSORecently launched missions:GPMOCO-2the International Space Stationand eleven others:AquariusSuomi NPPTerraSORCEGRACE Jason 2Landsat 7Landsat 8QuikSCATTRMMEO-1These satellites measure tropical rainfall, solar irradiance, clouds, sea surface height, ocean salinity, and other aspects of the global environment. Together, they provide a picture of the Earth as a system.This is an update of entry 3725. This update was created both for an annual presentation at the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) and for display on the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) hyperwall, a 5 x 3 array of high-definition displays with a total pixel resolution of 9600 x 3240. The version for NASM starts with three flagship missions (Terra, Aqua, and Aura) then fades on the other spacecraft. The hyperwall version shows all of the spacecraft the entire time. The orbits are based on orbital elements with epochs on August 1, 2014. The NASM version is from 00:00:00 GMT to 12:10:26 GMT. The hyperwall version is from 00:00:00 GMT to 07:18:16 GMT. || ", "hits": 34 }, { "id": 11604, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11604/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-07-07T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA's Aquarius Returns Global Maps of Soil Moisture", "description": "NASA's Aquarius instrument has released its first released worldwide maps of soil moisture. Soil moisture, the water contained within soil particles, is an important player in Earth's water cycle. This animated version of Aquarius' measurements reveals a dynamic pattern of worldwide shifts between dry and moist soils.Here is the YouTube video. || ", "hits": 34 }, { "id": 30499, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30499/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2014-05-13T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ocean Salinity and Daily Argo Coverage", "description": "Salinity has been measured at sea for centuries, first using buckets to collect samples, and later (within the past few decades) with instruments known as “CTDs,” which simultaneously measure conductivity (as a proxy for salinity), temperature, and ocean depth (based on pressure). This technology is used to provide single point samples throughout the ocean. The Argo program has over 3500 profiling floats with CTDs currently deployed in all ocean basins. The Argo array of profiling floats is the first attempt to monitor the global subsurface (upper 2000 meters) ocean temperature and salinity fields in real time. The first floats were deployed in late 1999 and it took another 8 years to reach the global target of 3000 operating floats delivering data every 10 days. While ~3500 floats seem like a lot, on a daily basis the ocean is still very undersampled.This visualization shows ocean salinity at 150 meters as derived by an eddy-resolving ocean model. The gray dots represent the daily locations of Argo floats from January 1993 to December 2010. Ocean salinity and temperature data from Argo floats have proved extremely useful, and can be used in combination with data from other sources (such as from NASA’s Aquarius mission and other satellite missions) to observe and model long-term ocean signals related to climate change. || ", "hits": 138 }, { "id": 11504, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11504/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-03-13T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA On Air: NASA's Aquarius Measures Ocean Salinity (3/13/2014)", "description": "LEAD: NASA's Aquarius instrument is observing the saltiness of the ocean surface from space.1. Bright orange colors = very salty. Blue = lower saltiness.2. Flying 400 miles above Earth, Aquarius can detect a change as little as a pinch of salt in a gallon of water.3. Scientists are studying why some hurricanes that pass over the Amazon River plume of lower saltiness tend to get stronger.TAG: Aquarius should help with El Niño forecasting as well.More information: http://aquarius.umaine.edu/cgi/sci_results.htm || Aquarius.jpg (1920x1080) [893.5 KB] || Aquarius_web.png (320x180) [51.3 KB] || Aquarius_thm.png (80x40) [4.5 KB] || WC_Aquarius-1920-MASTER_WEA_CEN.wmv (1280x720) [16.5 MB] || WC_Aquarius-1920-MASTER_prores.avi (1280x720) [18.3 MB] || WC_Aquarius-1920-MASTER_baron.mp4 (1920x1080) [23.4 MB] || WC_Aquarius-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.m4v (960x540) [58.1 MB] || WC_Aquarius-1920-MASTER_iPad_1280x720.m4v (1280x720) [90.3 MB] || WC_Aquarius-1920-MASTER.webmhd.webm (960x540) [6.7 MB] || WC_Aquarius-1920-MASTER_NBC_Today.mov (1920x1080) [170.8 MB] || WC_Aquarius-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.m4v (1920x1080) [170.8 MB] || WC_Aquarius-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [562.4 MB] || WC_Aquarius-1920-MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [555.3 MB] || WC_Aquarius-1920-MASTER_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [653.6 MB] || ", "hits": 23 }, { "id": 30493, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30493/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2014-02-11T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Daily Salinity Maps", "description": "New daily maps show seasonal variations in salinity in the oceans of the world. || ", "hits": 57 }, { "id": 3996, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3996/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-01-27T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA Earth Observing Fleet including GPM", "description": "A newer version of this visualization can be found here.This animation shows the orbits of NASA's current (as of January 2014) fleet of Earth remote sensing observatories. The satellites include components of the A-Train (Aqua, Aura, CloudSat, CALIPSO), two satellites launched in 2011 (Aquarius, Suomi NPP), and eleven others (ACRIMSAT, SORCE, GRACE, Jason 1 and 2, Landsat 7, Landsat 8, GPM, QuikSCAT, TRMM, and EO-1). These satellites measure tropical rainfall, solar irradiance, clouds, sea surface height, ocean salinity, and other aspects of the global environment. Together, they provide a picture of the Earth as a system.This is an update of visualization #4070. The orbits are based on orbital elements with epochs in April of 2013. The visualization spans twenty-nine hours, from 04:10 UT on April 14, 2013 to 09:24 UT on Aril 15, 2013. Some simulated orbits where added, such as GPM, as they had not launched at the time these visualizations were created.Two versions of this visualization are provided. The first colors the orbits blue except that TRMM is colored green and GPM is colored red. The second visualization colors all of the orbits blue. || ", "hits": 32 }, { "id": 11369, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11369/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-11-12T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Around The World", "description": "There’s a dance occurring hundreds of miles above Earth right now. It’s the result of choreographed movements made by NASA’s fleet of Earth-observing satellites. A total of 16 satellites keep tabs on the pulse of the planet, collecting data on everything from rainfall and clouds to sea surface height and ocean salinity. Four of these satellites travel as a group, each spaced just minutes apart along a route that loops around the poles. The rest fly solo or in tandem, crossing over most of the planet as often as twice every 24 hours. Collectively, their orbits allow for simultaneous observations of Earth’s environment from multiple perspectives. Watch the video to see NASA’s Earth-observing fleet in motion. || ", "hits": 24 }, { "id": 30365, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30365/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Weekly Sea-Surface Salinity", "description": "The ocean's salinity is key to studying the water cycle and ocean circulation, both of which are important to Earth's climate. These maps show weekly sea-surface salinity from August 2011 to the present, as derived from Aquarius data. The colors of these data indicate the areas of low (dark purple) to high (light yellow) salinity in practical salinity units (psu). The Practical Salinity Scale (of which psu is a component) is used to describe the concentration of dissolved salts in water and defines salinity in terms of a conductivity ratio, so it is dimensionless. Black areas show where data were not available. Several well-known ocean salinity features such as higher salinity in the subtropics; higher average salinity in the Atlantic Ocean compared to the Pacific and Indian oceans; and lower salinity in rainy belts near the equator, in the northernmost Pacific Ocean and elsewhere are visible. These features are related to large-scale patterns of rainfall and evaporation over the ocean, river outflow and ocean circulation. || ", "hits": 189 }, { "id": 30295, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30295/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-21T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aquarius First Light", "description": "NASA's new Aquarius instrument has produced its first global map of the salinity, or saltiness, of Earth's ocean surface. The numerical values in the map represent salt concentration in parts per thousand (grams of salt per kilogram of sea water). Yellow and red colors represent areas of higher salinity, with blues and purples indicating areas of lower salinity. Areas colored gray and black indicate no data (for example over land or ice covered water). The average salinity on the map is about 35. The map reveals well-known ocean salinity features, such as higher salinity in the subtropics, higher average salinity in the Atlantic Ocean compared to the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and lower salinity in rainy belts near the equator, in the northernmost Pacific Ocean and elsewhere. || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 4103, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4103/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-09-19T16:00:00-04:00", "title": "Measuring beneath the Pine Island Ice Shelf", "description": "On the margins of Antarctica, an ice shelve acts as a dam slowing the movement of outlet glaciers flowing toward the sea. However, the ice shelves are exposed to the underlying ocean and may weaken as a result of warm ocean currents. Scientists recently completed an expedition to the ice shelf buffering the Pine Island glacier, a major outlet of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet that has rapidly thinned and accelerated in recent decades. Drilling a shaft through the ice shelf, they submerged instruments beneath the ice to measure ocean velocity, temperature, and salinity. Their observations revealed a 600-m-wide 80-m-deep channel cut into the underside of the ice-shelf that incurs melting beneath the ice shelf of 0.06 m per day. See the paper here for details.This animation shows the ocean currents colored by their velocity circulating around and under the Pine Island ice shelf. Orange and yellow indicate faster currents while green and blue depict slower. A small red marker indicates the location of the drill site. In this animation, the Pine Island ice shelf is temporarily sliced away to reveal the ocean flows under the ice and subsequently restored up to the location of the drill site. A shaft penetrates through the ice sheet and the instrument is lowered through the shaft into the water that flows beneath the ice shelf. In this animation, the topography and ice shelf thickness is exaggerated by 15 times. || ", "hits": 76 }, { "id": 4070, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4070/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-06-26T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Earth Observing Fleet including Landsat 8", "description": "A newer version of this visualization can be found here.This animation shows the orbits of NASA's current (as of May 2013) fleet of Earth remote sensing observatories. The satellites include components of the A-Train (Aqua, Aura, CloudSat, CALIPSO), two satellites launched in 2011 (Aquarius, Suomi NPP), and nine others (ACRIMSAT, SORCE, GRACE, Jason 1 and 2, Landsat 7, Landsat 8, QuikSCAT, TRMM, and EO-1). These satellites measure tropical rainfall, solar irradiance, clouds, sea surface height, ocean salinity, and other aspects of the global environment. Together, they provide a picture of the Earth as a system.This is an update of visualization #3725. It was created for display on the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) hyperwall, a 5 x 3 array of high-definition displays with a total pixel resolution of 6840 x 2304. The orbits are based on orbital elements with epochs in April of 2013. The visualization spans twenty-nine hours, from 04:10 UT on April 14, 2013 to 09:24 UT on Aril 15, 2013. || ", "hits": 62 }, { "id": 30053, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30053/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-06-25T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "Dead Sea Salt Farming", "description": "The Dead Sea is so named because its high salinity discourages the growth of fish, plants, and other wildlife. It is the lowest surface feature on Earth, sitting roughly 1,300 feet below sea level. On a hot, dry summer day, the water level can drop as much as one inch because of evaporation. These three false-color images were captured in 1972, 1989, and 2011 by Landsat satellites. Deep waters are blue or dark blue, while brighter blues indicate shallow waters or salt ponds. Green indicates sparsely vegetated lands. Denser vegetation appears bright red. The ancient Egyptians used salts from the Dead Sea for mummification, fertilizers, and potash (a potassium-based salt). In the modern age, sodium chloride and potassium salts culled from the sea are used for water conditioning, road de-icing, and the manufacturing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. The expansions of massive salt evaporation projects are clearly visible over the span of 39 years. || ", "hits": 142 }, { "id": 11243, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11243/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-04-02T23:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth from Orbit 2012", "description": "NASA's fleet of Earth-observing satellites constantly circle the globe, completing their orbits every 90 minutes. They give us invaluable information about everything from our weather and climate, to the way we use our land, to the air we breathe. This video highlights some of the newest satellites in the fleet, including the versatile Suomi National Polar-orbiting (NPP) satellite, a partnership between NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Aquarius, which measures sea surface salinity and is a joint project between NASA and the Space Agency of Argentina. While many of the images are \"true color\" or photorealistic in nature, this video also includes data visualizations, which help scientists see data in useful new ways, and computer models, which help us understand interconnected Earth systems and make projections into the future.Curious about what images we used in this video? A full list can be found at www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/earthmonth/earth-from-orbit-2012.html || ", "hits": 44 }, { "id": 11193, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11193/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-03-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Salty Motion", "description": "The saltiness of the sea surface varies depending on where and when you're looking. Heavy rainfall, river outflows, ocean currents, sea ice melt, evaporation and other seasonal phenomena can all alter salinity—and scientists can now see these changes in clear detail. NASA's Aquarius mission has collected the agency's first full year of satellite ocean surface salinity measurements, revealing a colorful and dynamic portrait of our salty seas. Salinity shifts, a powerful driver of global ocean currents, are also a fingerprint of variations in Earth's fresh water cycle, providing valuable information on how a changing climate is altering global rainfall patterns. Before Aquarius, researchers had only snapshots of the ocean's salt content variations. With global satellite measurements, they will now be able to see how salinity changes over time. Watch the video to learn more about our ocean's salty motions. || ", "hits": 24 }, { "id": 4050, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4050/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-02-28T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity Flat Maps 2012", "description": "The Aquarius spacecraft is designed to measure global sea surface salinity. It is important to understand salinity, the amount of dissolved salts in water, because it will lead us to better understanding of the water cycle and can lead to improved climate models. Aquarius is a collaboration between NASA and the Space Agency of ArgentinaThis visualization celebrates over a year of successful Aquarius observations. Sea surface salinity is shown on a flat map using a simple cartesian and extended Molleide projections. Versions are included with and without dates/color bars.The range of time shown is December 2011 through Decemeber 2012. The data continuously loops through this range every 6 seconds. This visualization was generated based on version 2.0 of the Aquarius data products with all 3 scanning beams. || ", "hits": 38 }, { "id": 4045, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4045/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-02-27T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity Tour 2012", "description": "The Aquarius spacecraft is designed to measure global sea surface salinity. It is important to understand salinity, the amount of dissolved salts in water, because it will lead us to better understanding of the water cycle and can lead to improved climate models. Aquarius is a collaboration between NASA and the Space Agency of ArgentinaThis visualization celebrates over a year of successful Aquarius observations. Sea surface salinity is shown at various locations around the globe highlighting the following:the Atlantic Ocean is generally much more salty than the Pacificlow salinity waters in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific are transported westwardhigh influxes of fresh water from the Amazon River basin can be clearly seenlow salinity waters are transported by the Labrador current to the southhigh influxes of fresh water from the Ganges River basin can be seen keeping the Eastern Indian Ocean lower salinity than the Western Indian OceanThe range of time shown is December 2011 through Decemeber 2012. The data continuously loops through this range every 6 seconds. This visualization was generated based on version 2.0 of the Aquarius data products with all 3 scanning beams. || ", "hits": 77 }, { "id": 4046, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4046/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-02-27T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity on Rotating Globes 2012", "description": "The Aquarius spacecraft is designed to measure global sea surface salinity. It is important to understand salinity, the amount of dissolved salts in water, because it will lead us to better understanding of the water cycle and can lead to improved climate models. Aquarius is a collaboration between NASA and the Space Agency of ArgentinaThis visualization celebrates over a year of successful Aquarius observations. Sea surface salinity in the northern hemisphere is shown as the globe slowly rotates. The data cycles through a single year, 2012, and repeats. Two versions of the visualization are provied: a version with dates and a scientific color bar and another version without dates and a simpler color bar. The range of time shown is December 2011 through Decemeber 2012. The data continuously loops through this range every 6 seconds. This visualization was generated based on version 2.0 of the Aquarius data products with all 3 scanning beams.http://The Aquarius spacecraft || ", "hits": 25 }, { "id": 10980, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10980/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2012-06-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Next Generation", "description": "Of all the planets NASA explores, none are studied more closely than Earth. Seventeen research satellites currently orbit the planet, collecting data that scientists use to measure the chemistry of the atmosphere, the transport of water from oceans to sky to land and the dynamics of the ice, forests, deserts and cities that cover the planet. Most importantly, scientists combine these global, long-term observations to study how Earth's systems influence its climate. NASA launched two orbiters in 2011—Suomi NPP and Aquarius/SAC-D—and has additional launches scheduled in 2013 and 2014. Collectively, these new missions will continue a 40-year record of land observations, revolutionize our ability to measure precipitation and put in orbit the first satellite dedicated to tracking carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. The still images in the media gallery highlight NASA's next generation of Earth-observing satellites, while the visualization shows the actual orbital paths of NASA's current fleet. || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 3881, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3881/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-12-09T15:00:00-05:00", "title": "Thermohaline Circulation on a Flat Map", "description": "The oceans are mostly composed of warm salty water near the surface over cold, less salty water in the ocean depths. These two regions don't mix except in certain special areas. The ocean currents, the movement of the ocean in the surface layer, are driven primarily by the wind. In certain areas near the polar oceans, the colder surface water also gets saltier due to evaporation or sea ice formation. In these regions, the surface water becomes dense enough to sink to the ocean depths. This pumping of surface water into the deep ocean forces the deep water to move horizontally until it can find an area on the world where it can rise back to the surface and close the current loop. This usually occurs in the equatorial ocean, mostly in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This very large, slow current is called the thermohaline circulation because it is caused by temperature and salinity (haline) variations.This animation shows one of the major regions where this pumping occurs, the North Atlantic Ocean around Greenland, Iceland, and the North Sea. The surface ocean current brings new water to this region from the South Atlantic via the Gulf Stream and the water returns to the South Atlantic via the North Atlantic Deep Water current. The continual influx of warm water into the North Atlantic polar ocean keeps the regions around Iceland and southern Greenland generally free of sea ice year round.The animation also shows another feature of the global ocean circulation: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The region around latitude 60 south is the only part of the Earth where the ocean can flow all the way around the world with no obstruction by land. As a result, both the surface and deep waters flow from west to east around Antarctica. This circumpolar motion links the world's oceans and allows the deep water circulation from the Atlantic to rise in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, thereby closing the surface circulation with the northward flow in the Atlantic.The flows in this visualization are based on current theories of the thermohaline circulation rather than actual data or computational model runs. The thermohaline circulation is a very slow moving current that can be difficult to distinguish from general ocean circulation. Therefore, it is difficult to measure and simulate.This visualization was produced for the Science On a Sphere production \"Loop\". It is intended to be over-layed on a world map background. Below are 3 sets of 4 sequences. The first set of 4 sequences are all composited over a world map background with a limited number of frames that make them loopable (with a very slight jump at the point where the looping happens). This is primarily provided for real-time displays such as hyperwall systems. The 4 sequences are: all depth layers combined, shallow depths, middle depths, and deep depths.The second set is the same as the first set except that the layers are not composited over the background and instead include and alpha channel. The third layer is actually the frames that were used in the film \"Loop\" and consist of a large number of continuous, seamless frames. Each sequence is as before, all layers, shallow, middle, and deep layers all with alpha channels.The depth layers nominally correspond to the following ranges below sea level: shallow (0m - 600m), middle (1875m - 2500m), and deep (3000m - 4000m). These depths do vary with bathymetry. So, in areas where the sea floor is not very deep, these depths are scaled so that the flows do not interesct the sea floor or each other. || ", "hits": 148 }, { "id": 3892, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3892/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-12-06T09:00:00-05:00", "title": "Hyperwall Show: Earth Observing Fleet with Suomi NPP and Aquarius", "description": "A newer version of this visualization can be found here.This animation shows the orbits of NASA's current (as of November 2011) fleet of Earth remote sensing observatories. The satellites include components of the A-Train (Terra, Aqua, Aura, CloudSat, CALIPSO), two satellites launched in 2011 (Aquarius, Suomi NPP), and nine others (ACRIMSAT, SORCE, GRACE, Jason 1 and 2, Landsat 7, QuikSCAT, TRMM, and EO-1). These satellites measure tropical rainfall, solar irradiance, clouds, sea surface height, ocean salinity, and other aspects of the global environment. Together, they provide a picture of the Earth as a system.This is an update of entry 3725. It was created for display on the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) hyperwall, a 5 x 3 array of high-definition displays with a total pixel resolution of 6840 x 2304. The orbits are based on orbital elements with epochs in November of 2011. The animation spans six hours, from 15:00 to 21:00 UT (10 am to 4 pm EST) on November 30, 2011. || ", "hits": 38 }, { "id": 3884, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3884/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-12-05T15:00:00-05:00", "title": "Thermohaline Circulation using Improved Flow Field", "description": "The oceans are mostly composed of warm salty water near the surface over cold, less salty water in the ocean depths. These two regions don't mix except in certain special areas. The ocean currents, the movement of the ocean in the surface layer, are driven primarily by the wind. In certain areas near the polar oceans, the colder surface water also gets saltier due to evaporation or sea ice formation. In these regions, the surface water becomes dense enough to sink to the ocean depths. This pumping of surface water into the deep ocean forces the deep water to move horizontally until it can find an area on the world where it can rise back to the surface and close the current loop. This usually occurs in the equatorial ocean, mostly in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This very large, slow current is called the thermohaline circulation because it is caused by temperature and salinity (haline) variations.This animation shows one of the major regions where this pumping occurs, the North Atlantic Ocean around Greenland, Iceland, and the North Sea. The surface ocean current brings new water to this region from the South Atlantic via the Gulf Stream and the water returns to the South Atlantic via the North Atlantic Deep Water current. The continual influx of warm water into the North Atlantic polar ocean keeps the regions around Iceland and southern Greenland generally free of sea ice year round.The animation also shows another feature of the global ocean circulation: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The region around latitude 60 south is the only part of the Earth where the ocean can flow all the way around the world with no obstruction by land. As a result, both the surface and deep waters flow from west to east around Antarctica. This circumpolar motion links the world's oceans and allows the deep water circulation from the Atlantic to rise in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, thereby closing the surface circulation with the northward flow in the Atlantic.The color on the world's ocean's at the beginning of this animation represents surface water density, with dark regions being most dense and light regions being least dense (see the animation Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity and Density). The depths of the oceans are highly exaggerated (100x in oceans, 20x on land) to better illustrate the differences between the surface flows and deep water flows. The actual flows in this model are based on current theories of the thermohaline circulation rather than actual data. The thermohaline circulation is a very slow moving current that can be difficult to distinguish from general ocean circulation. Therefore, it is difficult to measure or simulate.This version of the visualization combines the Earth look of the original thermohaline visualization with the new thermohaline flow field generated for the Science On a Sphere production, \"Loop\".This version is also designed so it can be played on 3x3 or 5x3 hyperwalls. When playing on a 3x3 hyperwall, use b1 -> d3 tiles. Each individual image tile is 1368x768. || ", "hits": 244 }, { "id": 10841, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10841/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-11-10T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Perpetual Ocean", "description": "Driven by wind and other forces, currents on the ocean surface cover our planet. Some span hundreds to thousands of miles across vast ocean basins in well-defined flows. Others are confined to particular regions and form slow-moving, circular pools. Seen from space, the circulating waters offer a study in both chaos and order. The visualization below, based on ocean temperature, salinity, sea surface height and sea ice data collected during field observations and by NASA satellites between July 2005 and December 2007, highlights many of the world's most important ocean surface currents. Watch powerful, fast-moving currents like the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean and the Kuroshio in the Pacific Ocean carry warm waters northeastward at speeds greater than 4 mph. View coastal currents such as the Agulhas in the Southern Hemisphere transporting equatorial waters from the Indian Ocean farther southwards. Explore the image collection to compare the direction and unique flow pattern of each of these major currents. || ", "hits": 153 }, { "id": 3863, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3863/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-09-22T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aquarius Yields NASA's First Global Map of Ocean Salinity", "description": "NASA's new Aquarius instrument has produced its first global map of the salinity of the ocean surface, providing an early glimpse of the mission's anticipated discoveries.Aquarius, which is aboard the Aquarius/SAC-D (Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas) observatory, is making NASA's first space observations of ocean surface salinity variations - a key component of Earth's climate. Salinity changes are linked to the cycling of freshwater around the planet and influence ocean circulation.The new map, which shows a tapestry of salinity patterns, demonstrates Aquarius' ability to detect large-scale salinity distribution features clearly and with sharp contrast. The map is a composite of the data since Aquarius became operational on Aug. 25. The mission was launched June 10 from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. Aquarius/SAC-D is a collaboration between NASA and Argentina's space agency, Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE).To produce the map, Aquarius scientists compared the early data with ocean surface salinity reference data. Although the early data contain some uncertainties, and months of additional calibration and validation work remain, scientists are impressed by the data's quality.The map shows several well-known ocean salinity features such as higher salinity in the subtropics; higher average salinity in the Atlantic Ocean compared to the Pacific and Indian Oceans; and lower salinity in rainy belts near the equator, in the northernmost Pacific Ocean and elsewhere. These features are related to large-scale patterns of rainfall and evaporation over the ocean, river outflow and ocean circulation. Aquarius will monitor how these features change and study their link to climate and weather variations.Other important regional features are evident, including a sharp contrast between the arid, high-salinity Arabian Sea west of the Indian subcontinent, and the low-salinity Bay of Bengal to the east, which is dominated by the Ganges River and south Asia monsoon rains. The data also show important smaller details, such as a larger-than-expected extent of low-salinity water associated with outflow from the Amazon River.Aquarius was built by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, Calif., and the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., for NASA's Earth Systems Science Pathfinder Program. JPL is managing Aquarius through its commissioning phase and will archive mission data. Goddard will manage Aquarius mission operations and process science data. CONAE provided the SAC-D spacecraft and the mission operations center. || ", "hits": 44 }, { "id": 10771, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10771/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-08-23T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "A Pinch Of Salt From Space", "description": "NASA gave the command last week to power on its newest Earth-observing satellite, Aquarius. It may seem a somewhat peculiar measurement to make, but Aquarius, which launched in June 2011, will measure salinity across all the oceans every week. The data will undoubtedly help answer some of our most pressing questions about climate change. Why measure ocean salinity? The density of ocean water is determined by salinity and water temperature. Density drives the pattern of deep ocean currents, and ocean currents drive global climate. In recent decades, scientists have seen ocean salinity shift in ways that only climate change seems able to explain. Until now, salinity data came from slow-moving ships and a network of floating sensors that could only provide a limited global picture. Satellite technology changes that: From 400 miles (644 km) above Earth Aquarius' hypersensitive microwave radiometer can detect differences in ocean salinity to within a pinch of salt in a gallon of water. Let the science begin. || ", "hits": 48 }, { "id": 3829, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3829/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-05-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aquarius studies Ocean and Wind Flows", "description": "Aquarius is a focused satellite mission to measure global Sea Surface Salinity. During its nominal three-year mission, Aquarius will map the salinity at the ocean surface to improve our understanding of Earth's water cycle and ocean circulation. Aquarius will help scientists see how freshwater moves between the ocean and the atmosphere. It will monitor changes in the water cycle due to rainfall, evaporation, ice melting, and river runoff. Aquarius will also demonstrate a measurement capability that can be applied to future operational missions. Ocean circulation is driven in large part by changes in water density, which is determined by temperature and salinity. Cold, high-salinity water masses sink and trigger the ocean's \"themalhaline circulation\" - the surface and deep currents that distribute solar energy to regulate Earth's climate. By measuring salinity, Aquarius will provide new insight into this global process. Aquarius' measurements of ocean salinity will provide a new perspective on the ocean and its links to climate, greatly expanding upon limited past measurements. Aquarius salinity data - combined with data from other sensors that measure sea level, ocean color, temperature, winds and rainfall will give us a much clearer picture of how the ocean works, how it is linked to climate, and how it may respond to climate change.Aquarius will provide information that will help improve predictions of future climate trends and short-term climate events such as El Niño and La Niña. Precise salinity measurements from Aquarius will reveal changes in patterns of global precipitation and evaporation and show how these changes may affect ocean circulation. || ", "hits": 154 }, { "id": 10709, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10709/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-05-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aquarius Water Cycle", "description": "Scientists need a breadth of information to understand the ocean's processes. That's where Aquarius comes in. The sensor will use advanced technologies to give NASA its first space-based measurements of sea surface salinity, helping scientists to improve predictions of future climate trends and events. || ", "hits": 49 }, { "id": 10710, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10710/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-05-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aquarius Ocean Circulation", "description": "Ocean circulation plays a key role in distributing solar energy and maintaining climate, by moving heat from Earth's equator to the poles. Aquarius salinity data, combined with data from other sensors that measure sea level, rainfall, temperature, ocean color, and winds, will give us a much clearer picture of how the ocean works. || ", "hits": 27 }, { "id": 10735, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10735/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-05-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aquarius Climate", "description": "Sea surface salinity has a massive influence on Earth's climate. With Aquarius, scientists will have a new way to measure that influence in a consistent way. With its unprecedented accurate and consistent salinity measurements, Aquarius will help climate modelers to better understand the ocean-atmosphere processes that are changing Earth's climate. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 3830, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3830/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-05-05T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aquarius Satellite & Data Pre-launch Beauty Shot", "description": "Aquarius is a focused satellite mission to measure global Sea Surface Salinity. After its planned 09-Jun-11 launch, it will provide the global view of salinity variability needed for climate studies. The Aquarius / SAC-D mission is being developed by NASA and the Space Agency of Argentina (Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, CONAE). The satellite model depicted in this animation is an artist rendition and intentionally exaggerated so as to remain visible as it flies around the globe. Had the satellite model been rendered true-to-scale, it would not be visible when we pull out to see the full earth. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 3816, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3816/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-01-21T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "The Thermohaline Circulation - The Great Ocean Conveyor Belt - Stereoscopic Version", "description": "The oceans are mostly composed of warm salty water near the surface over cold, less salty water in the ocean depths. These two regions don't mix except in certain special areas. The ocean currents, the movement of the ocean in the surface layer, are driven primarily by the wind. In certain areas near the polar oceans, the colder surface water also gets saltier due to evaporation or sea ice formation. In these regions, the surface water becomes dense enough to sink to the ocean depths. This pumping of surface water into the deep ocean forces the deep water to move horizontally until it can find an area on the world where it can rise back to the surface and close the current loop. This usually occurs in the equatorial ocean, mostly in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This very large, slow current is called the thermohaline circulation because it is caused by temperature and salinity (haline) variations.This animation shows one of the major regions where this pumping occurs, the North Atlantic Ocean around Greenland, Iceland, and the North Sea. The surface ocean current brings new water to this region from the South Atlantic via the Gulf Stream and the water returns to the South Atlantic via the North Atlantic Deep Water current. The continual influx of warm water into the North Atlantic polar ocean keeps the regions around Iceland and southern Greenland generally free of sea ice year round.The animation also shows another feature of the global ocean circulation: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The region around latitude 60 south is the the only part of the Earth where the ocean can flow all the way around the world with no obstruction by land. As a result, both the surface and deep waters flow from west to east around Antarctica. This circumpolar motion links the world's oceans and allows the deep water circulation from the Atlantic to rise in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, thereby closing the surface circulation with the northward flow in the Atlantic.The color on the world's ocean's at the beginning of this animation represents surface water density, with dark regions being most dense and light regions being least dense (see the animation Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity and Density). The depths of the oceans are highly exaggerated to better illustrate the differences between the surface flows and deep water flows. The actual flows in this model are based on current theories of the thermohaline circulation rather than actual data. The thermohaline circulation is a very slow moving current that can be difficult to distinguish from general ocean circulation. Therefore, it is difficult to measure or simulate.This is a stereoscopic version of the original visualziation. || ", "hits": 183 }, { "id": 40083, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/aquarius/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2010-11-30T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aquarius Mission", "description": "During its nominal three-year mission, Aquarius will map the\rsalinity at the ocean surface to improve our understanding of\rEarth's water cycle and ocean circulation. Aquarius will help\rscientists see how freshwater moves between the ocean and\rthe atmosphere. It will monitor changes in the water cycle due\rto rainfall, evaporation, ice melting, and river runoff.", "hits": 96 }, { "id": 3792, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3792/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-10-28T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Meet NASA's Earth-Observing Fleet", "description": "TRMM. Landsat 7. Terra. ACRIMSAT. EO-1. Jason 1. GRACE (twice). Aqua. ICESat. SORCE. Aura. CloudSat. CALIPSO. Jason 2. And, as of June 2011, Aquarius. None of the acronym-heavy Earth-observing satellites seen in the visualization below have achieved the name recognition of big-ticket NASA missions like Apollo or Hubble. But unmanned probes are quietly beaming down information that has transformed our understanding of how the Earth works and what we know of the human fingerprint on climate. Together they represent a mission to planet Earth as ambitious as any NASA has made to the Moon or Mars. One of the oldest functioning satellites in the fleet, TRMM, monitors precipitation; the newest, Aquarius, measures the salinity of the ocean. The next to launch in October 2011—NPP—will continue a suite of atmospheric, ocean, and land surface records initiated decades ago. The visualization shows the precise orbit tracks of twenty current and former Earth-observing satellites (not including Aquarius), as well as the International Space Station and Hubble. || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 40075, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/energy-essentials/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2010-08-17T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Energy Essentials", "description": "Energy. What do we really know about it? Where does the energy we use come from? How does energy flow through the systems of our planet? How is our energy consumption changing our climate? Who uses the most energy? In celebration of Earth Science Week's 2010 theme, Exploring Energy, NASA presents a multimedia gallery that helps answer some of these questions. The images, data visualizations, animations and videos in this gallery highlight how NASA satellite data and research help us better understand how much is reaching Earth from the Sun, how it's distributed across the Earth, where humans are tapping into that energy, and the many ways in which our energy use is transforming our planet. You can download the imagery in a variety of formats directly from this site. For more multimedia resources on energy and other topics, search the Scientific Visualization Studio. To learn more about Earth Science Week 2010, visit the Earth Science Week web site.", "hits": 204 }, { "id": 10504, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10504/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-10-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Salt of the Earth", "description": "Salinity plays a major role in how ocean waters circulate around the globe. Salinity changes can create ocean circulation changes that, in turn, may impact regional and global climates. The extent to which salinity impacts our global ocean circulation is still relatively unknown, but NASA's new Aquarius mission will help advance that understanding by painting a global picture of our planet's salty waters.For complete transcript, click here. || Salt_of_the_Earth_640x480.00519_print.jpg (1024x576) [66.1 KB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_640x480_web.png (320x180) [106.1 KB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_640x480_thm.png (80x40) [12.6 KB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_appletv_1280x720.webmhd.webm (960x540) [65.9 MB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_H264_1280x720_30fps.mov (1280x720) [150.0 MB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_appletv_1280x720.m4v (960x540) [166.5 MB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_1280x720.mp4 (1280x720) [99.9 MB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_broll_prores.mov (1280x720) [4.7 GB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_Youtube_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [72.2 MB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_640x480.m4v (640x360) [55.1 MB] || GSFC_20091012_Aquarius_m10504_Salt.en_US.srt [6.0 KB] || GSFC_20091012_Aquarius_m10504_Salt.en_US.vtt [6.1 KB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_ipod_320x240.m4v (320x180) [23.1 MB] || Salt_of_the_Earth.wmv (346x260) [35.0 MB] || ", "hits": 192 }, { "id": 3652, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3652/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-09T13:24:00-04:00", "title": "Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity and Density", "description": "Sea Surface TemperatureThe oceans of the world are heated at the surface by the sun, and this heating is uneven for many reasons. The Earth's axial rotation, revolution about the sun, and tilt all play a role, as do the wind-driven ocean surface currents. The first animation in this group shows the long-term average sea surface temperature, with red and yellow depicting warmer waters and blue depicting colder waters. The most obvious feature of this temperature map is the variation of the temperature by latitude, from the warm region along the equator to the cold regions near the poles. Another visible feature is the cooler regions just off the western coasts of North America, South America, and Africa. On these coasts, winds blow from land to ocean and push the warm water away from the coast, allowing cooler water to rise up from deeper in the ocean. || ", "hits": 881 }, { "id": 3754, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3754/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-09T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Endless Loop: Earth's Water Cycle", "description": "For circulating energy, for distributing essential chemistry, and as a fundamental requirement for most biological processes, water defines Earth's dynamic identity. The more than seventy percent of our planet covered by water is in many ways the reason life has survived and thrived for so long.A simple trip to the ocean's edge highlights how water constantly moves. But water sloshing back in forth in ocean basins only begins to describe the complex processes of its circulation on Earth.NASA takes the water cycle as not merely an academic exercise but as a vital area for exploration. Satellites can examine aspects of the global water cycle that in situ measurements and observations can only dream about seeing. The TRMM spacecraft is the world's most advanced precipitation measuring system to date, gathering vital information about tropical precipitation and other features every day. Other sensors, like the AMSR and AIRS instruments on the AQUA spacecraft take profiles of the planet's atmosphere, examine water vapor concentrations and distribution, among other things. A number of instruments look at water at or below the surface. MODIS makes sea surface temperature measurements that provide essential information about how oceans work and how they're changing over time. GRACE keeps track of elusive, yet massive, quantities of water both underground and in the oceans by making precise gravitational measurements. And the planned Aquarius mission, scheduled for launch in just a few years, will make unprecedented measurements of ocean salinity, a vital characteristic for describing a wide variety of phenomena, from life to physical processes that govern global circulation patterns. || ", "hits": 284 }, { "id": 3658, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3658/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-08T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Thermohaline Circulation - The Great Ocean Conveyor Belt", "description": "The oceans are mostly composed of warm salty water near the surface over cold, less salty water in the ocean depths. These two regions don't mix except in certain special areas. The ocean currents, the movement of the ocean in the surface layer, are driven mostly by the wind. In certain areas near the polar oceans, the colder surface water also gets saltier due to evaporation or sea ice formation. In these regions, the surface water becomes dense enough to sink to the ocean depths. This pumping of surface water into the deep ocean forces the deep water to move horizontally until it can find an area on the world where it can rise back to the surface and close the current loop. This usually occurs in the equatorial ocean, mostly in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This very large, slow current is called the thermohaline circulation because it is caused by temperature and salinity (haline) variations.This animation shows one of the major regions where this pumping occurs, the North Atlantic Ocean around Greenland, Iceland, and the North Sea. The surface ocean current brings new water to this region from the South Atlantic via the Gulf Stream and the water returns to the South Atlantic via the North Atlantic Deep Water current. The continual influx of warm water into the North Atlantic polar ocean keeps the regions around Iceland and southern Greenland mostly free of sea ice year round.The animation also shows another feature of the global ocean circulation: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The region around latitude 60 south is the the only part of the Earth where the ocean can flow all the way around the world with no land in the way. As a result, both the surface and deep waters flow from west to east around Antarctica. This circumpolar motion links the world's oceans and allows the deep water circulation from the Atlantic to rise in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and the surface circulation to close with the northward flow in the Atlantic.The color on the world's ocean's at the beginning of this animation represents surface water density, with dark regions being most dense and light regions being least dense (see the animation Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity and Density). The depths of the oceans are highly exaggerated to better illustrate the differences between the surface flows and deep water flows. The actual flows in this model are based on current theories of the thermohaline circulation rather than actual data. The thermohaline circulation is a very slow moving current that can be difficult to distinguish from general ocean circulation. Therefore, it is difficult to measure or simulate. || ", "hits": 281 }, { "id": 3539, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3539/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-08-29T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Blue Marble Next Generation Images from Terra/MODIS", "description": "The Blue Marble Next Generation (BMNG) data set provides a monthly global cloud-free true-color picture of the Earth's landcover at a 500-meter spatial resolution. This data set, shown on a globe, is derived from monthly data collected in 2004. The ocean color is derived from applying a depth shading to the bathymetry data. The Antarctica coverage snown is the Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica. Behind the Earth is a skymap from the Tycho and Hipparcos star catalogs. This skymap is plotted in plate carrée projection (Cylindrical-Equidistant) using celestial coordinates making them suitable for mapping onto spheres in many popular animation programs. The stars are plotted as gaussian point-spread functions (PSF) so the size and amplitude of the stars corresponds to their relative intensity. The stars are also elongated in Right Ascension (celestial longitude) based on declination (celestial latitude) so stars in the polar regions will still be round when projected on a sphere. Stars fainter than the threshold magnitude, usually selected as 5th magnitude, have their magnitude-intensity curve adjusted so they appear brighter than they really are. This makes the band of the Milky Way more visible. Stellar colors are assigned based on B and V magnitudes (B and V are stellar magnitudes measured through different filters). If Tycho B and V magnitudes are unavailable, Johnson B and V magnitudes are used instead. From these, an effective stellar temperature is derived using the algorithms described in Flower (ApJ 469, 355 1996). Corrections were noted from Siobahn Morgan (UNI). The effective temperature was then converted to CIE tristimulus X,Y,Z triples assuming a black-body emission distribution. The X,Y,Z values are then converted to red-green-blue color pixels. About 2.4 million stars are plotted, but many may be below the pixel intensity resolution. The three most conspicuously missing objects on these maps are the Andromeda galaxy (M31) and the two Magellanic Clouds. || ", "hits": 175 }, { "id": 20085, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20085/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2006-10-04T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ocean Convection at High Altitudes - Normal Condition", "description": "Understanding the variability of the density of ocean water is critical to understanding changes in the ocean's circulation, particularly those parts of the circulation that pertain to climate. In the tropics, the sun warms the surface water and causes that water to expand. Because the surface water is now less dense than the cooler water below, the warmest waters remain near the surface. Near the poles, the energy input by the sun is not as strong, and the surface waters are not warmed to the degree they are away from the poles. Here, it is the salinity of the water plays a critical role as to which water is found at the surface as the waters near the surface are not that much different in temperature to the water below. These animations highlight the crucial role of salinity in high latitude convection (upward and downward movement of water) and climate.This animation, labeled Normal, is a display of the way convection might often occur at high latitudes. Here the water initially is assumed to be almost constant in temperature and salinity from top to bottom. At the times when the air immediately above is colder than the water, there is a transfer of heat from the water to the atmosphere. The surface waters cool, condense, become more dense and ultimately sink. Because the cooling can be very intense at high latitudes, the surface water can cool enough to sink to the bottom. Note in this animation that the convection is depicted to occur in a narrow, almost chimney like area. This is very much the way nature and deep convection behaves at high latitudes. Note later in this animation, the coldest water has made its way to the bottom and it appears the water is moving from right to left near the bottom. This depiction is meant to indicate a movement toward the tropics at these depths. || ", "hits": 221 }, { "id": 20086, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20086/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2006-10-04T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ocean Convection at High Altitudes - Fresh Condition", "description": "Understanding the variability of the density of ocean water is critical to understanding changes in the ocean's circulation, particularly those parts of the circulation that pertain to climate. In the tropics, the sun warms the surface water and causes that water to expand. Because the surface water is now less dense than the cooler water below, the warmest waters remain near the surface. Near the poles, the energy input by the sun is not as strong, and the surface waters are not warmed to the degree they are away from the poles. Here, it is the salinity of the water plays a critical role as to which water is found at the surface as the waters near the surface are not that much different in temperature to the water below. These animations highlight the crucial role of salinity in high latitude convection (upward and downward movement of water) and climate.This animation, labeled Fresh, illustrates the condition where the water near the surface is assumed to be much fresher than the saltier water below. Now when a atmosphere cools the surface water, the water sinks, but it does not make it all the way to the bottom. The scenario displayed is one where the condensing effect of the cooling is not strong enough to overcome the effects that salinity has on the density of the water. The less saline the water, the less dense it is. A cold fresh layer of water is constrained near the surface. Sometimes, this layer can even freeze insulating the water from any further cooling by the atmosphere. Note that in this animation there is very little movement of the water at depth back toward the tropics. || ", "hits": 116 }, { "id": 40238, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/hyperwall-themes/", "result_type": "Gallery", "release_date": "2005-09-15T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hyperwall Stories for specific event", "description": "The hyperwall gallery features visualizations that have been selected for use at NASA's hyperwall at event\nReturn to Main Hyperwall Gallery.", "hits": 123 }, { "id": 3205, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3205/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-07-29T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "ARGO Float Animation #2", "description": "This visualization shows the locations of the ARGO buoy array over time. When the buoys above water, the lines are brighter; when the buoys are under water, the lines are fainter. The ARGO buoys measure ocean salinity, column temperature, and current velocities. This version of the visualization uses a faster camera move than version #1 (animation 3204). || ", "hits": 27 }, { "id": 3204, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3204/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-07-28T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "ARGO Float Animation #1", "description": "This visualization shows the locations of the ARGO buoy array over time. When the buoys are above water, the lines are brighter; when the buoys are under water, the lines are fainter. The ARGO buoys measure ocean salinity, column temperature, and current velocities. This version of the visualization uses a slow camera move. || ", "hits": 60 }, { "id": 555, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/555/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-01-21T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "North Atlantic Ocean Current Velocity", "description": "Three-dimensional General Circulation Models divide the ocean into a rectangular grid with layered vertical columns. This North Atlantic model uses a 1/6 degree grid with 37 layers. It captured 30 years of velocity, sea-surface temperature, and salinity. The model realistically separates the Gulf Stream from the Florida coast. A feature as small as the Gulf Stream had not appeared in lower-resolution models. || ", "hits": 19 } ] }