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    "results": [
        {
            "id": 4251,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4251/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2015-01-12T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Multi-year Arctic Sea Ice 2014",
            "description": "Multiyear Arctic Ice || multiyear_ice_2014.2300_print.jpg (1024x576) [119.3 KB] || multiyear_ice_2014.2300_searchweb.png (320x180) [71.9 KB] || multiyear_ice_2014.2300_thm.png (80x40) [6.2 KB] || multiyear_ice_2014 (1920x1080) [256.0 KB] || multiyear_ice_2014_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [23.8 MB] || multiyear_ice_2014_1080.webm (1920x1080) [9.2 MB] || ",
            "hits": 69
        },
        {
            "id": 3813,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3813/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice for the Dynamic Earth Dome Show",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. This animation first shows the advance and retreat of the Arctic sea ice followed by same for the Antarctic sea ice. The sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day average sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running miniimum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. The animation ends by flying over the Antarctic Peninsula.This was created for a planetarium dome show called Dynamic Earth and is produced in 'domemaster format'. The domemaster format was created by rendering 7 separate 2048x2048 camera tiles. The tiles were then stitched together to form final domemaster at 4096x4096 resolution. Both the tiles and the domemaster were rendered with 16 bits per channel with no gamma correction. Two domemaster layers were generated for this animation: the Earth showing sea ice advancing or retreating rendered with transparency and the star background without transparency.This visualization was shown in the \"VR Village\" at SIGGRAPH 2015. || ",
            "hits": 72
        },
        {
            "id": 3915,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3915/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-02-24T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Multi-year Arctic Sea Ice",
            "description": "The most visible change in the Arctic region in recent years has been the rapid decline of the perennial ice cover. The perennial ice is the portion of the sea ice floating on the surface of the ocean that survives the summer. This ice that spans multiple years represents the thickest component of the sea ice cover.This visualization shows the perennial Arctic sea ice from 1980 to 2012. This is not the sea ice minimum, which occurs in September each year.  This measures the  perennial sea ice that survives the summer and thus exists for longer than a one-year time span.  The measurement for this sea ice was taken during the months of November, December and January each year. The date assigned to the data point is the year of the last measurement (January). The grey disk at the North Pole indicates the region where no satellite data is collected. A graph overlay shows the area's size measured in million square kilometers for each year. The '1980','2008', and '2012' data points are highlighted on the graph. || ",
            "hits": 286
        },
        {
            "id": 3916,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3916/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-02-23T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Multi-year Arctic Sea Ice",
            "description": "The most visible change in the Arctic region in recent years has been the rapid decline of the perennial ice cover. The perennial ice is the portion of the sea ice floating on the surface of the ocean that survives the summer. This ice that spans multiple years represents the thickest component of the sea ice cover.These still images show a comparison of the perennial Arctic sea ice and the first-year sea ice in 1980, 2008 and 2012. The bright white central mass shows the perennial sea ice while the larger light blue area shows the full extent of the winter sea ice including the average annual sea ice during the months of November, December and January. || ",
            "hits": 37
        },
        {
            "id": 3853,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3853/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-10-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from September 4, 2009 through January 30, 2011. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day average sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running miniimum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. || ",
            "hits": 49
        },
        {
            "id": 3854,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3854/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-10-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Antarctic Sea Ice",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Antarctic sea ice progresses through time from May 26, 2009 through July 31, 2010. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day average sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running minimum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the Antarctic continent, the LIMA data shown here uses the pan-chromatic band and has a resolution of 240 meters per pixel. The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA) is a data product funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and jointly produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). || ",
            "hits": 49
        },
        {
            "id": 3824,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3824/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-03-29T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: September 2010 to March 2011",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from the 2010 minimum which occurred on September 17 through March 16, 2011. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day maximum sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running maximum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. || ",
            "hits": 47
        },
        {
            "id": 3802,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3802/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-11-12T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Sea Ice Yearly Minimum 1979-2010 (SSMI data)",
            "description": "The continued significant reduction in the extent of the summer sea ice cover is a dramatic illustration of the pronounced impact increased global temperatures are having on the Arctic regions. There has also been a significant reduction in the relative amount of older, thicker ice. Satellite-based passive microwave images of the sea ice cover have provided a reliable tool for continuously monitoring changes in the extent of the Arctic ice cover since 1979. The ice parameters derived from satellite ice concentration data that are most relevant to climate change studies are sea ice extent and ice area. This visualization shows ice extent in the background and ice area in the foreground. Ice extent is defined here as the integrated sum of the areas of data elements (pixels) with at least 15% ice concentration while ice area is the integrated sum of the products of the area of each pixel and the corresponding ice concentration. Ice extent provides information about how far south (or north) the ice extends in winter and how far north (or south) it retreats toward the continent in the summer while the ice area provides the total area actually covered by sea ice which is useful for estimating the total volume and therefore mass, given the average ice thickness. For more information about these ice datasets, see The Journal of Geophysical Research VOL. 113, C02S07, doi:10.1029/2007JC004257, 2008 In 2007, Arctic summer sea ice reached its lowest extent on record - nearly 25% less than the previous low set in 2005. At the end of each summer, the sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent and what is left is what is called the perennial ice cover which consists mainly of thick multi-year ice flows. The area of the perennial ice has been steadily decreasing since the satellite record began in 1979, at a rate of about 10% per decade.This visualization shows the annual Arctic sea ice minimum from 1979 to 2010. A graph is overlaid that shows the area in million square kilometers for each year's minimum day. The 1979, 2007, and 2010 data points are highlighted on the graph. || ",
            "hits": 116
        },
        {
            "id": 3767,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3767/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-09-29T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Arctic Sea Ice Minimum Extent for 2010",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from March 31, 2010 when sea ice in the Arctic was at its maximum extent, through September 19, 2010, when it was at its minimum. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running maximum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. || ",
            "hits": 52
        },
        {
            "id": 3710,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3710/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Five Spheres - Cryosphere",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) instrument on the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua satellite, provides data mapped to a polar stereographic grid at 12.5 km spatial resolution. This satellite data can be used to monitor the health of the cryosphere from space. This animation of sea ice changes in the Arctic is match framed to animation entries 3707, 3708, 3709, and 3711. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day maximum sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running maximum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month.For more information about sea ice see http://nsidc.org/data/amsre or http://modis-snow-ice.gsfc.nasa.gov. || ",
            "hits": 38
        },
        {
            "id": 3698,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3698/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-03-29T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: September 2009 to March 2010",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from September 1, 2009 when sea ice in the Arctic was near its minimum extent, through March 30, 2010. The animation plays at a rate of six frames per day or ten days per second. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day maximum sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running maximum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. || ",
            "hits": 41
        },
        {
            "id": 3631,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3631/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-09-07T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Daily Arctic Sea Ice - Summer 2009",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.Duing the summer of 2009, the arctic sea ice reached its minimum extent on September 12th. The 2009 minimum extent was the third lowest extent measured since the beginning of the satellite record in 1979. This animation shows the summer retreat of sea ice over the Arctic from 7/1/2009 through 9/12/2009. The sea ice was defined by a 3-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration, showing the region where the sea ice concentration was greater than 15%. The false color of the sea ice was derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km brightness temperature. || ",
            "hits": 36
        },
        {
            "id": 3573,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3573/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-01-09T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "September 2007 Arctic Sea Ice vs 1979-2007 Average with Graph of 1979 to 2008 Ice Areas",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The 2007 Arctic summer sea ice reached the lowest extent of perennial ice cover on record. The area of the perennial ice has been steadily decreasing since the satellite record began in 1979, at a rate of about 10% per decade. But the 2007 minimum, reached on September 14, is about 38% lower than the climatological average. Such a dramatic loss has implications for ecology, climate and industry.This image compares the difference between the perennial sea ice minimum area on September 14, 2007 and the 1979-2007 average minimum sea ice. A graph inset in the top left corner shows the decline in annual sea ice area from 1979 through 2008. || ",
            "hits": 48
        },
        {
            "id": 3571,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3571/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-12-18T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: 2005 to 2008",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the globe slowly rotates one full rotation while the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change throughout the years. The animation begins on September 21, 2005 when sea ice in the Arctic was at its minimum extent, and continues through September 20, 2008. This time period repeats twice during the animation, playing at a rate of one frame per day. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day. This is a modification of animation ID  #3404 : Global Rotation showing Seasonal Landcover and Arctic Sea Ice, which only covered a one-year time period.For a 3D stereo version of this visualization, please visit animation entry:  #3578: AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: 2005 to 2008 - Stereoscopic Version || ",
            "hits": 58
        },
        {
            "id": 3578,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3578/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-12-18T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: 2005 to 2008 - Stereoscopic Version",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the globe slowly rotates one full rotation while the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change throughout the years. The animation begins on September 21, 2005 when sea ice in the Arctic was at its minimum extent, and continues through September 20, 2008. This time period repeats twice during the animation, playing at a rate of one frame per day. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day. This visualization is a stereoscopic version of animation entry:  #3571: AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: 2005 to 2008In this page the visualization content is offered in two different modes to accomodate stereoscopic systems, such as: Left and Right Eye separate and Left and Right Eye side-by-side combined on the same frame. || ",
            "hits": 59
        },
        {
            "id": 3481,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3481/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-11-05T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Minimum Sea Ice Comparison: 2005, 2007 and the 1979-2007 Average for Science On a Sphere (SOS)",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The 2007 Arctic summer sea ice reached the lowest extent of perennial ice cover on record - nearly 25% less than the previous low set in 2005. The area of the perennial ice has been steadily decreasing since the satellite record began in 1979, at a rate of about 10% per decade. But the 2007 minimum, reached on September 14, is far below the previous record made in 2005 and is about 38% lower than the climatological average. Such a dramatic loss has implications for ecology, climate and industry. A full global version of this animation was developed for a Science On a Sphere exhibit. The animation is shown on a plane with a geographic (lat/lon) projection, but has been rotated 90 degrees so that the Arctic is in the center of the image. The animation compares the difference between the perennial sea ice minimum extent on September 21, 2005 and September 14, 2007. Both years are compared with the 1979-2007 average minimum sea ice. || ",
            "hits": 29
        },
        {
            "id": 3508,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3508/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-10-30T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Annual Arctic Minimum Sea Ice from 1979 - 2008 designed for Science On a Sphere (SOS) and WMS",
            "description": "In 2007, Arctic summer sea ice reached its lowest extent on record - nearly 25% less than the previous low set in 2005. At the end of each summer, the sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent and what is left, called the perennial ice cover, consists mainly of thick multi-year ice floes. The area of the perennial ice has been steadily decreasing since the satellite record began in 1979, at a rate of about 10% per decade. But the 2007 minimum, reached on September 14, is far below the previous record made in 2005 and is about 38% lower than the climatological average. This visualization shows the annual Arctic sea ice minimum from 1979 to 2008 on a Cartesian grid with a transparent background for use in Science On a Sphere and WMS. || ",
            "hits": 33
        },
        {
            "id": 3556,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3556/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-10-02T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "2008 Arctic Sea Ice from AMSR-E",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature near the poles. Because this is a passive microwave sensor which is not so sensitive to atmospheric effects, this sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfall. The false color of the sea ice, derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature, highlights the fissures or divergence areas in the sea ice cover by warm brightness temperatures (in blue) while cold brightness temperatures, shown in brighter white, represent consolidated sea ice. The sea ice edge is defined by the 15% ice concentration contour in the three-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration data.The animations below show the continuous motion of the Arctic sea ice during 2008, from January 1 through September 14, the week during which the Arctic sea ice reached its minimum extent. The 2008 minimum extent of 4.52 sq km (1.74 sq miles) is the second lowest extent recorded since 1979. || ",
            "hits": 46
        },
        {
            "id": 3552,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3552/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-09-20T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Yearly Antarctic Sea Ice Minima from 1979 through 2008",
            "description": "This visualization shows Antarctic sea ice minima from 1979 through 2008. Near the end of each southern hemisphere summer (usually in February), the Antarctic sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent and what is left is called the perennial ice cover which consists mainly of thick multi-year ice floes. || ",
            "hits": 15
        },
        {
            "id": 3561,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3561/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-09-14T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Close view of 2008 Arctic Sea Ice from AMSR-E",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature near the poles. Because this is a passive microwave sensor which is not so sensitive to atmospheric effects, this sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfall. The false color of the sea ice, derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature, highlights the fissures or divergence areas in the sea ice cover by warm brightness temperatures (in blue) while cold brightness temperatures, shown in brighter white, represent consolidated sea ice. The sea ice edge identifies areas containing at least 15% ice concentration in the three-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration data.The animations below show the continuos motion of the Arctic sea ice during 2008 up to the point at which the Arctic sea ice reached its minimum extent. The 2008 minimum extent of 4.52 sq km (1.74 sq miles) is the second lowest extent recorded since 1979. || ",
            "hits": 31
        },
        {
            "id": 3547,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3547/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-09-11T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Daily Arctic Sea Ice Minimum 2008 (using SSMI data)",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.This visualization shows Artic sea ice from July 1, 2008 through Septemeber 14, 2008 based on the DMSP/SSMI instrument. The minimum Arctic sea ice extent occurred the week of September 12, 2008, when the extent was 4.52 million sq km (1.74 million sq miles). || ",
            "hits": 29
        },
        {
            "id": 3474,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3474/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-10-25T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Minimum Sea Ice Comparison:  2005, 2007 and the 1979-2007 Average",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The 2007 Arctic summer sea ice reached the lowest extent of perennial ice cover on record - nearly 25% less than the previous low set in 2005. The area of the perennial ice has been steadily decreasing since the satellite record began in 1979, at a rate of about 10% per decade. But the 2007 minimum, reached on September 14, is far below the previous record made in 2005 and is about 38% lower than the climatological average. Such a dramatic loss has implications for ecology, climate and industry.A full global version of this animation was initially developed for a Science On a Sphere exhibit.  A smaller subset is shown here focusing on the Arctic region.   The animation is shown on a plane with a geographic (lat/lon) projection, but has been rotated 90 degrees so that the Arctic is in the center of the image.  The animation compares the difference between the perennial sea ice minimum extent on September 21, 2005 and September 14, 2007.   Both years are compared with the 1979-2007 average minimum sea ice. || ",
            "hits": 33
        },
        {
            "id": 3470,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3470/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-10-05T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Comparison of Minimum Sea Ice Between 2005 and 2007 - Split Screen",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The 2007 Arctic summer sea ice has reached the lowest extent of perennial ice cover on record - nearly 25% less than the previous low set in 2005. The area of the perennial ice has been steadily decreasing since the satellite record began in 1979, at a rate of about 10% per decade. But the 2007 minimum, reached on September 14, is far below the previous record made in 2005 and is about 38% lower than the climatological average. Such a dramatic loss has implications for ecology, climate and industry.This animation compares the difference between the perennial sea ice minimum extent on September 21, 2005 and September 14, 2007.  With a split screen, the area of the melted region is compared with the size of the state of California. || ",
            "hits": 28
        },
        {
            "id": 3469,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3469/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-10-04T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Comparison of Minimum Sea Ice between 2005 and 2007 - Full Screen",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season.  The 2007 Arctic summer sea ice has reached the lowest extent of perennial ice cover on record - nearly 25% less than the previous low set in 2005. The area of the perennial ice has been steadily decreasing since the satellite record began in 1979, at a rate of about 10% per decade. But the 2007 minimum, reached on September 14, is far below the previous record made in 2005 and is about 38% lower than the climatological average. Such a dramatic loss has implications for ecology, climate and industry.In this animation, the 2005 sea ice minimum extent is initially shown over the Arctic. As the 2005 minimum sea ice  fades to orange, the 2007 minimum extent comes into view. The state of California, shown in green, is placed in the melt region for a comparison of the size difference between the two years.. || ",
            "hits": 56
        },
        {
            "id": 3466,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3466/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-10-02T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "2007 Arctic Sea Ice from AMSR-E with Greenland in Foreground",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The 2007 Arctic summer sea ice has reached the lowest extent of perennial ice cover on record - nearly 25% less than the previous low set in 2005. The area of the perennial ice has been steadily decreasing since the satellite record began in 1979, at a rate of about 10% per decade. But the 2007 minimum, reached on September 14, is far below the previous record made in 2005 and is about 38% lower than the climatological average. Such a dramatic loss has implications for ecology, climate and industry.The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature near the poles. Because this is a passive microwave sensor which is not so sensitive to atmospheric effects, this sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfall. This animation progresses at a rate of six frames per day from January 1, 2007 through the minimum extent which occurred on September 14, 2007. The false color of the sea ice, derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature, highlights the fissures or divergence areas in the sea ice cover by warm brightness temperatures (in blue) while cold brightness temperatures, shown in brighter white, represent consolidated sea ice. The sea ice edge is defined by the 15% ice concentration contour in the three-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration data while ice extent is the sum of all pixels with at least 15% ice. || ",
            "hits": 41
        },
        {
            "id": 3464,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3464/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-09-26T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Sea Ice Yearly Minimum 1979-2007",
            "description": "In 2007, Arctic summer sea ice reached its lowest extent on record - nearly 25% less than the previous low set in 2005. At the end of each summer, the sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent and what is left is what is called the perennial ice cover which consists mainly of thick multi-year ice floes. The area of the perennial ice has been steadily decreasing since the satellite record began in 1979, at a rate of about 10% per decade. But the 2007 minimum, reached on September 14, is far below the previous record made in 2005 and is about 38% lower than the climatological average. Such a dramatic loss has implications for ecology, climate and industry as new shipping lanes open.This visualization shows the annual Arctic sea ice minimum from 1979 to 2007. A graph is overlaid that shows the area in million square kilometers for each year's minimum day. The previous record and the 2007 record are highlighted. || ",
            "hits": 81
        },
        {
            "id": 3465,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3465/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-09-26T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Daily Arctic Sea Ice from August/September 2007",
            "description": "In 2007, Arctic summer sea ice reached its lowest extent on record - nearly 25% less than the previous low set in 2005. At the end of each summer, the sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent and what is left is what is called the perennial ice cover which consists mainly of thick multi-year ice floes. The area of the perennial ice has been steadily decreasing since the satellite record began in 1979, at a rate of about 10% per decade. But the 2007 minimum, reached on September 14, is far below the previous record made in 2005 and is about 38% lower than the climatological average. Such a dramatic loss has implications for ecology, climate and industry as new shipping lanes open.This visualization shows 2007 daily Arctic sea ice from from 1 August through 19 September. || ",
            "hits": 38
        },
        {
            "id": 3456,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3456/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-09-18T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "2007 Arctic Sea Ice from AMSR-E with Alaska in Foreground",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.  The 2007 Arctic summer sea ice has reached the lowest extent of perennial ice cover on record - nearly 25% less than the previous low set in 2005. The area of the perennial ice has been steadily decreasing since the satellite record began in 1979, at a rate of about 10% per decade.  But the 2007 minimum, reached on September 14, is far below the previous record made in 2005 and is about 38% lower than the climatological average. Such a dramatic loss has implications for ecology, climate and industry. The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature near the poles. Because this is a passive microwave sensor which is not so sensitive to atmospheric effects, this sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfall.  This animation progresses at a rate of six frames per day from January 1, 2007 through the minimum extent which occurred on September 14, 2007. The false color of the sea ice, derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature, highlights the fissures or divergence areas in the sea ice cover by warm brightness temperatures (in blue) while cold brightness temperatures, shown in brighter white, represent consolidated sea ice. The sea ice edge is defined by the 15% ice concentration contour in the three-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration data while ice extent is the sum of all pixels with at least 15% ice.An image of the sea ice on September 14, 2007 is included below, along with a corresponding image from September 21, 2005 showing the previous minimum sea ice extent. || ",
            "hits": 34
        },
        {
            "id": 3445,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3445/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-08-31T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Sea Ice Minimum Concentration 3-year moving averages for 1979-1981 to 2004-2006",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.  This animation shows a 3-year moving average of the perennial ice cover, or minimum sea ice concentration,  for from 1979-1981 through 2004-2006. The area of the perennial ice has been steadily decreasing since the satellite record began in 1979, at a rate of about 10% per decade. This decrease is evident in the animation shown here.This is an update of animation ID #3267. || ",
            "hits": 30
        },
        {
            "id": 2473,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2473/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-12-31T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Perennial Ice Cover: The Data (1978-2001)",
            "description": "A view of the arctic perennial ice cover from 1978 to 2001.  The rate of decline averages 9 percent per decade. || Movie of observed changes in perennial ice coverage. || a002473.00100_print.png (720x480) [565.8 KB] || per_ice_observed_pre.jpg (320x240) [13.7 KB] || a002473.webmhd.webm (960x540) [4.2 MB] || per_ice_observed.mpg (640x480) [6.1 MB] || a002473.dv (720x480) [60.4 MB] || ",
            "hits": 22
        },
        {
            "id": 2474,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2474/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-12-31T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Perennial Ice Cover: The Projection (2002-2075)",
            "description": "Projection of the decline in perennial ice cover assuming a loss rate of 9 percent per decade. || Projected changes in perennial ice coverage to 2075. || a002474.00005_print.png (720x480) [597.1 KB] || per_ice_projected_pre.jpg (320x240) [14.7 KB] || a002474.webmhd.webm (960x540) [3.2 MB] || per_ice_projected.mpg (640x480) [3.9 MB] || a002474.dv (720x480) [46.6 MB] || ",
            "hits": 21
        },
        {
            "id": 2475,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2475/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-12-31T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Perennial Ice Cover: Data (1978-2001) and Projection",
            "description": "A view of the arctic perennial ice cover from 1978 to 2001.  The rate of decline averages 9 percent per decade.  After 2001, it displays the projected decline in perennial ice cover assuming a loss rate of 9 percent per decade. || Movie of data and projected to 2075. || a002475.00100_print.png (720x480) [565.0 KB] || per_ice_total_pre.jpg (320x240) [13.7 KB] || a002475.webmhd.webm (960x540) [6.1 MB] || per_ice_total.mpg (640x480) [9.9 MB] || a002475.dv (720x480) [84.8 MB] || ",
            "hits": 18
        }
    ]
}