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        {
            "id": 5509,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5509/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2025-04-25T07:00:59-04:00",
            "title": "Airborne Aerosol Wind Profiler (AWP) Measurements",
            "description": "This is a visualization of Aerosol Wind Profiler (AWP) data aboard the NASA Gulfstream-III for a flight on 15 October 2024 that originated from NASA/Langley Research Center (LaRC) in Hampton, Virginia.",
            "hits": 22
        },
        {
            "id": 5423,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5423/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2024-11-27T11:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Gravity waves disturbing the stratospheric polar vortex",
            "description": "Animation 1: Changes in temperature and height on the surface of 850 Kelvin potential temperature. The mountain generated gravity waves create strong cooling  as the gravity waves propagate through the stratosphere, while the polar vortex (the cold blue ring) evolves to become colder. || stratospher850_039_T.02498_print.jpg (1024x576) [108.0 KB] || stratospher850_039_T.02498_searchweb.png (320x180) [50.4 KB] || stratospher850_039_T.02498_thm.png (80x40) [4.2 KB] || stratospher850_039_T_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [52.0 MB] || stratospher850_039_T [0 Item(s)] || stratospher850_039_T.mp4 (3840x2160) [148.7 MB] || stratospher850_039_T.mp4.hwshow || ",
            "hits": 105
        },
        {
            "id": 31324,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31324/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2024-11-18T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "GMAO Band09 Obs Caribbean GMAO vs. GOES",
            "description": "GMAO Caribbean GOES vs GMAO || 3840x2160_16x9_30p [0 Item(s)] || GMAO Band09 Obs Caribbean GMAO vs. GOES ||",
            "hits": 16
        },
        {
            "id": 4960,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4960/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2022-01-25T14:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "A 3D View of an Atmospheric River from an Earth System Model",
            "description": "Narrated atmospheric rivers movie. || atmos_rivers_narrated_4k.00090_print.jpg (1024x576) [88.5 KB] || atmos_rivers_narrated_4k.00090_print_searchweb.png (320x180) [46.0 KB] || atmos_rivers_narrated_HD.webm (1920x1080) [68.6 MB] || atmos_rivers_narrated_HD.mp4 (1920x1080) [410.9 MB] || atmos_river_narrated_4k.en_US.srt [6.3 KB] || atmos_river_narrated_4k.en_US.vtt [6.3 KB] || atmos_rivers_4k.en_US.vtt [6.3 KB] || atmos_rivers_narrated_4k.mp4 (3840x2160) [646.9 MB] ||",
            "hits": 158
        },
        {
            "id": 40363,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/sounding-rockets/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2019-05-09T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Sounding Rockets",
            "description": "\nFor over 40 years, NASA's Sounding Rocket Program has provided critical scientific, technical, and educational contributions to the nation's space program and is one of the most robust, versatile, and cost-effective flight programs at NASA. \n\nSounding rockets carry scientific instruments into space along a parabolic trajectory. Their overall time in space is brief, typically 5-20 minutes, and at lower vehicle speeds for a well-placed scientific experiment. The short time and low vehicle speeds are more than adequate (in some cases they are ideal) to carry out a successful scientific experiments. Furthermore, there are some important regions of space that are too low for satellites and thus sounding rockets provide the only platforms that can carry out measurements in these regions.\n\nGo to NASA.gov for the latest sounding rocket news.",
            "hits": 217
        },
        {
            "id": 4601,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4601/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2017-12-18T11:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Jupiter Quasi-Quadrennial Oscillation",
            "description": "Climate patterns on Jupiter can have striking similarities to those on Earth, making the gas giant a natural laboratory for understanding planetary atmospheres. Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Music provided by Killer Tracks: \"Lights,\" \"Times Waits,\" \"The Space Between\" || JupiterQQOpreview.jpg (1920x1080) [456.5 KB] || TWITTER_720_4601_Jupiter_QQO_Master_APR_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [37.7 MB] || 4601_Jupiter_QQO_Master.webm (960x540) [72.7 MB] || FACEBOOK_720_4601_Jupiter_QQO_Master_APR_facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [218.0 MB] || YOUTUBE_HQ_4601_Jupiter_QQO_Master_APR_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [875.9 MB] || 4601_Jupiter_QQO_Master_APR_Output.en_US.srt [3.8 KB] || 4601_Jupiter_QQO_Master_APR_Output.en_US.vtt [3.8 KB] || 4601_Jupiter_QQO_Master_APR.mov (1920x1080) [2.4 GB] || ",
            "hits": 58
        },
        {
            "id": 12550,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12550/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2017-03-30T09:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Rossby Waves on the Sun Could Aid in Space Weather Prediction",
            "description": "Music: Grand Design by Michael ConnComplete transcript available. || 12550_Rossby_Waves_MASTER_prores.00696_print.jpg (1024x576) [127.0 KB] || 12550_Rossby_Waves_MASTER_prores.00696_searchweb.png (320x180) [53.3 KB] || 12550_Rossby_Waves_MASTER_prores.00696_thm.png (80x40) [4.8 KB] || 12550_Rossby_Waves_MASTER_prores.mov (1280x720) [656.3 MB] || 12550_Rossby_Waves_MASTER_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [165.2 MB] || 12550_Rossby_Waves_MASTER_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [19.9 MB] || 12550_Rossby_Waves_MASTER.mpeg (1280x720) [158.7 MB] || 12550_Rossby_Waves_MASTER_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [20.0 MB] || 12550_Rossby_Waves_MASTER_youtube_hq.en_US.srt [763 bytes] || 12550_Rossby_Waves_MASTER_youtube_hq.en_US.vtt [776 bytes] || 12550_Rossby_Waves_MASTER_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [7.4 MB] || 12550_Rossby_Waves_MASTER_prores.webm [0 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 28
        },
        {
            "id": 3973,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3973/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2016-10-13T17:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "The Story of Ozone Depletion",
            "description": "The Antarctic ozone hole is caused by human-produced chlorine-containing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and bromine-containing halons. These compounds had a variety of commercial uses, including hair sprays, refrigerants, and fire suppressants.This story about the cause of ozone depletion was originally developed for the NASA hyperwall, where nine different animations can be shown simultaneously. The animations shown here are derived from the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model and cover two periods. The first period is from August through November 2004, and the second is from December 2004 through March 2005. The first period animations are shown on this page. The second period animations may be downloaded through the Download links below.The chlorine compounds that destroy ozone have now been regulated under the international Montreal Protocol agreement. Because of this agreement, the ozone hole is projected to disappear around 2060-2070. NASA and the international community continue to monitor Antarctic ozone. || ",
            "hits": 186
        },
        {
            "id": 4469,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4469/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2016-06-16T15:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Dynamic Earth-A New Beginning",
            "description": "The visualization 'Excerpt from \"Dynamic Earth\"' has been one of the most popular visualizations that the Scientific Visualization Studio has ever created.  It's often used in presentations and Hyperwall shows to illustrate the connections between the Earth and the Sun, as well as the power of computer simulation in understanding those connections.There is one part of this visualization, however, that has always seemed a little clumsy to us.  The opening shot is a pullback from the limb of the sun, where the sun is represented by a movie of 304 Angstrom images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO).  It is difficult to pull back from the limb of a flat sun image and make the sun look spherical, and the problem was made more difficult because the original sun images were in a spherical dome show format.  As a result, the pullback from the sun showed some odd reprojection artifacts.The best solution to this issue was to replace the existing pullout with a new one, one which pulled directly out from the center of the solar disk.  For the new beginning, we chose a series of SDO images in the 171 Angstrom channel that show a visible coronal mass ejection (CME) in the lower right corner of the solar disk.  Although this is not the specific CME that is seen affecting Venus and Earth later in this visualization, its presence links the SDO animation  thematically to the later solar storm.  The SDO images were also brightened considerably and tinted yellow to match the common perception of the Sun as a bright yellow object (even though it is actually white).Please go to the original version of this visualization to see the complete credits and additional details. || ",
            "hits": 78
        },
        {
            "id": 40302,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/svsyoutube-candidates/",
            "result_type": "Gallery",
            "release_date": "2016-06-03T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "SVS YouTube Candidates",
            "description": "These are the proposed visualization candidates to be included in the SVS YouTube Channel.",
            "hits": 185
        },
        {
            "id": 11906,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11906/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2015-06-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA On Air: NASA Aids European Space Agency In Measuring Upper Air Arctic Winds (6/24/2015)",
            "description": "LEAD: In 2016 the European Space Agency, ESA, will launch a ‘first-of-its-kind' satellite to measure key elements in the earth's wind fields.1. The Aeolus satellite, named after the mythical Greek god of the winds, will measure worldwide upper level winds to help improve weather and climate forecasts.2. NASA recently helped ESA calibrate its new wind instrument by taking simultaneous wind measurements with two Doppler lidars aboard its DC-8 aircraft.TAG: The flights focused over the Arctic since this area holds particular interest due to the continued rise in Arctic temperatures. || WC_Aeolus-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg (1024x576) [101.4 KB] || WC_Aeolus-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_searchweb.png (320x180) [68.2 KB] || WC_Aeolus-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_web.png (320x180) [68.2 KB] || WC_Aeolus-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_thm.png (80x40) [5.7 KB] || WC_Aeolus-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [625.6 MB] || WC_Aeolus-1920-MASTER_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [711.7 MB] || WC_Aeolus-1920-MASTER_NBC_Today.mov (1920x1080) [269.7 MB] || WC_Aeolus-1920-MASTER_WEA_CEN.wmv (1280x720) [16.1 MB] || WC_Aeolus_converted.avi (1280x720) [16.8 MB] || WC_Aeolus-1920-MASTER_baron.mp4 (1920x1080) [12.6 MB] || WC_Aeolus-1920-MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [435.3 MB] || WC_Aeolus-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.m4v (960x540) [80.1 MB] || WC_Aeolus-1920-MASTER_iPad_1280x720.m4v (1280x720) [134.5 MB] || WC_Aeolus-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.m4v (1920x1080) [269.7 MB] || WC_Aeolus-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.webm (1920x1080) [3.1 MB] || ",
            "hits": 21
        },
        {
            "id": 11628,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11628/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2014-08-22T06:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA On Air: NASA's ARISE Mission Explores Changes In The Arctic (8/22/2014)",
            "description": "LEAD: What has happened to summer? The summer’s temperatures for much of U.S. (except the western U.S. coast) are cooler than normal. This, following the bitter polar vortex chill back in January. What’s going on? 1. One of many driving forces of this weather (besides El Niño, NAO, PDO, etc.) might be the jet stream’s interaction with the Arctic Ocean. 2. The Arctic is warming at twice the rate of the rest of the world, partly because the sea ice is melting, allowing the sun to warm up the ocean water. 3. But more open water means more evaporation and clouds. Will more clouds act as cooling sun umbrellas, or warming blankets in the future? NASA’s new ARISE mission onboard the flying C-130 laboratory will look for some answers this coming September. TAG: The peak of the Arctic sea ice melt usually happens in mid-September. Expect new NASA images then. || WC_ARISE-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x018000177_print.jpg (1024x576) [122.7 KB] || WC_ARISE-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg (1024x576) [132.4 KB] || WC_ARISE-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_searchweb.png (320x180) [62.5 KB] || WC_ARISE-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_web.png (320x180) [62.5 KB] || WC_ARISE-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_thm.png (80x40) [4.5 KB] || WC_ARISE-1920-MASTER_WEA_CEN.wmv (1280x720) [11.0 MB] || WC_ARISE_edit3.avi (1280x720) [12.0 MB] || WC_ARISE-1920-MASTER_baron.mp4 (1920x1080) [11.5 MB] || WC_ARISE-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.m4v (960x540) [70.6 MB] || WC_ARISE-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.webmhd.webm (960x540) [2.5 MB] || WC_ARISE-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [689.2 MB] || WC_ARISE-1920-MASTER_iPad_1280x720.m4v (1280x720) [127.4 MB] || WC_ARISE-1920-MASTER_NBC_Today.mov (1920x1080) [247.4 MB] || WC_ARISE-1920-MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [544.2 MB] || WC_ARISE-1920-MASTER_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [766.5 MB] || WC_ARISE-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.m4v (1920x1080) [246.8 MB] || ",
            "hits": 30
        },
        {
            "id": 4171,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4171/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2014-05-20T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "European Jet Stream",
            "description": "Meandering around the planet like a rollicking roller coaster in the sky, the Northern Hemisphere's polar jet stream is a fast-moving belt of westerly winds that traverses the lower layers of the atmosphere. The jet is created by the convergence of cold air masses descending from the Arctic and rising warm air from the tropics. Deep troughs and steep ridges emerge as the denser cold air sinks and deflects warm air regions north, giving the jet stream its wavy appearance. This pattern propagates across the mid-latitudes of North America, Europe and Asia, as pockets of cold air sporadically creep down from the Arctic—creating contrasting waves and flows that accelerate eastward due to Earth's rotation. This visualization uses weather and climate observations from NASA's MERRA data model. || ",
            "hits": 412
        },
        {
            "id": 11471,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11471/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2014-04-03T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Wild, Wild Winds",
            "description": "Powerful winds whip around Earth, affecting the planet's weather and climate. Such winds make up the Northern Hemisphere’s polar and subtropical jet stream. Undulating in the sky miles above the surface, these rapidly moving air currents flow eastward like rivers in the atmosphere. The polar jet stream travels in the mid-latitudes while the subtropical jet stream passes near the tropics. Sometimes the jets converge or park above a region. In summer 2010, the polar jet stream shifted north and lingered for more than two months over Eurasia. A stationary high-pressure area developed as a result that disrupted the normal movement of weather systems. This contributed to extreme drought in Russia and devastating floods in Pakistan. Watch the video to see a NASA visualization that shows the motions of winds above Europe and Asia during these events. || ",
            "hits": 102
        },
        {
            "id": 11468,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11468/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2014-03-25T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "A Mighty Wind",
            "description": "A peculiarly shaped wind pattern has been whipping around Saturn's north polar region for decades. First discovered by NASA’s Voyager mission in the early 1980s, the planet’s six-sided jet stream, known as the hexagon, is somewhat of an oddity. Diverse bands of winds and rotating vortices circle the eye of a hurricane-like storm centered on the north pole. Moving at more than 200 mph, the jet stream is several thousand miles long and could encompass Earth twice. In 2012, NASA’s Cassini spacecraft captured the most detailed and comprehensive images of the speedy system yet. Watch the video to see Saturn's jet stream in motion. || ",
            "hits": 377
        },
        {
            "id": 4148,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4148/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2014-02-25T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "The Polar Jet Stream Over Asia, 2010",
            "description": "Meandering around the planet like a rollicking roller coaster in the sky, the Northern Hemisphere's polar jet stream is a fast-moving belt of westerly winds that traverses the lower layers of the atmosphere. The jet is created by the convergence of cold air masses descending from the Arctic and rising warm air from the tropics. Deep troughs and steep ridges emerge as the denser cold air sinks and deflects warm air regions north, giving the jet stream its wavy appearance. This pattern propagates across the mid-latitudes of North America, Europe and Asia, as pockets of cold air sporadically creep down from the Arctic—creating contrasting waves and flows that accelerate eastward due to Earth's rotation. This visualization was adapted from The Polar Jet Stream (#3864) by special request, using weather and climate observations from NASA's MERRA data model from 2010 for the period of the floods in Russia and the droughts in Pakistan. || ",
            "hits": 100
        },
        {
            "id": 11451,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11451/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2014-02-18T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "The Big Chill",
            "description": "A persistent pattern of winds spins high above the Arctic in winter. The winds, known as the polar vortex, typically blow in a fairly tight circular formation. But in late December 2013 and early January 2014, the winds loosened and frigid Arctic air spilled farther south than usual, deep into the continental United States. On Jan. 6, 2014, alone, approximately 50 daily record low temperatures were set, from Colorado to Alabama to New York, according to the National Weather Service. In some places temperatures were 40 degrees Fahrenheit colder than average. Now, an animation created from NASA satellite data shows just how the Arctic air brought a deep chill to the U.S this winter. Watch the video for a guided tour of the event. || ",
            "hits": 23
        },
        {
            "id": 11325,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11325/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2013-09-03T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "The Aftermath",
            "description": "On February 15, 2013, a 59-foot-wide space rock weighing 24,000 pounds screamed into Earth's atmosphere and exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia, in what became the largest known meteor explosion since the 1908 Tunguska event. Combining observations from the NASA-NOAA Suomi NPP satellite with atmospheric models, NASA scientists traced the trail of dust left behind by the meteor. The researchers found that a belt of dust traveling tens of miles above the surface encircled the Northern Hemisphere just four days after the explosion. The dust initially moved east along the stratospheric jet stream at a velocity of 190 mph. Over time, larger and heavier particles began to lose speed and altitude, while smaller and lighter particles stayed aloft. By May 2013, a thin but detectable dust plume persisted in the atmosphere. Watch the video to learn more. || ",
            "hits": 142
        },
        {
            "id": 11269,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11269/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2013-06-06T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Tracking A Superstorm",
            "description": "Hurricane Sandy pummeled the East Coast late in 2012’s Atlantic hurricane season, causing 159 deaths and $70 billion in damages. Days before landfall, forecasts of its trajectory were still being made. Some computer models showed that a trough in the jet stream would kick the monster storm away from land and out to sea. Among the earliest to predict its true course was NASA’s GEOS-5 global atmosphere model. The model works by dividing Earth’s atmosphere into a virtual grid of stacked boxes. A supercomputer then solves mathematical equations inside each box to create a weather forecast predicting Sandy’s structure, path and other traits. The NASA model not only produced an accurate track of Sandy, but also captured fine-scale details of the storm’s changing intensity and winds. Watch the video to see it for yourself. || ",
            "hits": 30
        },
        {
            "id": 10981,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10981/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2012-06-05T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Jupiter's Jet Streams",
            "description": "Jupiter is the largest and most massive planet in our solar system. You might not think of it as a place to learn about Earth's atmosphere and weather, but Jupiter, like our home planet, has cyclones (the Jovian equivalent of hurricanes) and anticyclones, along with fast-moving jet streams that circle its globe. Revealed in a sequence of black-and-white images taken by the Cassini spacecraft during its flyby of Jupiter are chevrons, dark V-shaped features that travel within a band of powerful winds near the equator. By tracking chevrons, NASA scientists were not only able to gauge the jet stream's speed, but also witness its subtle, wavelike movement as it zoomed around the planet—something never before seen. Studying this motion can help scientists better understand similar weather patterns on Earth. Learn more about this discovery and see footage of Jupiter's jet streams by watching the videos below. || ",
            "hits": 97
        },
        {
            "id": 10949,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10949/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2012-04-10T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Glowing Winds",
            "description": "At the outer limit of Earth's atmosphere, located more than 60 miles above the surface, mysterious winds rushing at speeds up to 300 miles per hour surround the planet. Little is known about this high altitude jet stream beyond the fact that its complex motion can spread space weather disturbances around the globe, which, in turn, can cause damage to satellites and disruption to communication systems. To observe the jet stream's wind patterns, NASA launched five 35-foot long sounding rockets packed with a chemical tracer over the Atlantic Ocean on March 27, 2012. Cameras on the ground tracked the movement of the glowing, milky-white clouds that developed in the early morning sky as the tracer deployed from the rockets and interacted with the jet stream. Watch the videos below to learn more about this experiment and see the rockets blast off from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility. || ",
            "hits": 71
        },
        {
            "id": 10932,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10932/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2012-03-20T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Trapped In The Troposphere",
            "description": "The air above the icy and remote Arctic experiences larger carbon dioxide fluctuations than anywhere on the planet. Driven by the disparate forces of plants and winds, the seasonal rise and fall of this greenhouse gas cycles in tune with the vegetation scattered across the vast landmasses of the Northern Hemisphere. Levels first start to rise in winter after forests and fields go dormant and plants stop photosynthesizing carbon dioxide from the air. But then they spike in early spring as warmer weather arrives and dead vegetation decays, releasing bursts of stored carbon that's confined to the pole by the polar jet stream's fast-moving winds. The visualization uses data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder on NASA's Aqua satellite to show the changing carbon dioxide levels above the Arctic from February 2010 to February 2011. || ",
            "hits": 21
        },
        {
            "id": 10927,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10927/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2012-03-13T13:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "RATTLING JET STREAM ON JUPITER",
            "description": "New movies of Jupiter are the first to catch an invisible wave shaking up one of the giant planet's jet streams, an interaction that also takes place in Earth's atmosphere and influences the weather.For complete transcript, click here. || G2012-013_Jupiter_Weather_portal.00752_print.jpg (1024x576) [69.0 KB] || G2012-013_Jupiter_Weather_portal_web.png (320x180) [190.6 KB] || G2012-013_Jupiter_Weather_portal_thm.png (80x40) [16.5 KB] || G2012-013_Jupiter_Weather.wmv (1280x720) [62.8 MB] || G2012-013_Jupiter_Weather_youtube_hq.mov (1280x720) [70.4 MB] || G2012-013_Jupiter_Weather_appletv.m4v (960x540) [56.5 MB] || G2012-013_Jupiter_Weather_appletv.webmhd.webm (960x540) [27.4 MB] || G2012-013_Jupiter_Weather_portal.mov (640x360) [53.2 MB] || G2012-013_Jupiter_Weather_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [22.3 MB] || GSFC_20120313_Jupiter_m10927_Weather.en_US.vtt [2.7 KB] || G2012-013_Jupiter_Weather_prores.mov (1280x720) [1.9 GB] || G2012-013_Jupiter_Weather_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [11.7 MB] || ",
            "hits": 39
        },
        {
            "id": 10922,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10922/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2012-03-07T13:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "NASA Jet Stream Study Lights up Night Sky",
            "description": "High in the sky, 60 to 65 miles above Earth's surface, winds rush through a little understood region of Earth's atmosphere at speeds of 200 to 300 miles per hour. Lower than a typical satellite's orbit, higher than where most planes fly, this upper atmosphere jet stream makes a perfect target for a particular kind of scientific experiment: the sounding rocket. Some 35 to 40 feet long, sounding rockets shoot up into the sky for short journeys of eight to ten minutes, allowing scientists to probe difficult-to-reach layers of the atmosphere.In March, NASA will launch five such rockets in approximately five minutes to study these high-altitude winds and their intimate connection to the complicated electrical current patterns that surround Earth. First noticed in the 1960s, the winds in this jet stream shouldn't be confused with the lower jet stream located around 30,000 feet, through which passenger jets fly and which is reported in weather forecasts. This rocket experiment is designed to gain a better understanding of the high-altitude winds and help scientists better model the electromagnetic regions of space that can damage man-made satellites and disrupt communications systems. The experiment will also help explain how the effects of atmospheric disturbances in one part of the globe can be transported to other parts of the globe in a mere day or two.The five sounding rockets, known as the Anomalous Transport Rocket Experiment (ATREX), will launch from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia releasing a chemical tracer into the air. The chemical — a substance called trimethyl aluminum — forms milky, white clouds that allow those on the ground to \"see\" the winds in space and track them with cameras. In addition, two of the rockets will have instrumented payloads to measure pressure and temperature in the atmosphere. || ",
            "hits": 99
        },
        {
            "id": 10902,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10902/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2012-02-07T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Aerial Superhighway",
            "description": "Meandering around the planet like a rollicking roller coaster in the sky, the Northern Hemisphere's polar jet stream is a fast-moving belt of westerly winds that traverses the lower layers of the atmosphere. The jet is created by the convergence of cold air masses descending from the Arctic and rising warm air from the tropics. Deep troughs and steep ridges emerge as the denser cold air sinks and deflects warm air regions north, giving the jet stream its wavy appearance. This pattern propagates across the mid-latitudes of North America, Europe and Asia, as pockets of cold air sporadically creep down from the Arctic—creating contrasting waves and flows that accelerate eastward due to Earth's rotation. The visualization below uses weather and climate observations from NASA's MERRA dataset to model 30 days of the jet stream's whirling journey over North America. || ",
            "hits": 348
        },
        {
            "id": 10854,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10854/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2011-12-08T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Discovering A Belt Of Carbon Dioxide",
            "description": "When scientists got their first glimpse of satellite data showing the distribution of carbon dioxide throughout the atmosphere, they in part saw what they expected: an uneven distribution of the greenhouse gas over the globe, with higher levels in the more populated, more industrial Northern Hemisphere. But they also saw a dominant feature that was wholly unexpected. A continuous belt of higher carbon dioxide concentrations circled an area in the Southern Hemisphere that covered the tip of South America, Africa and southern Australia. Computer models that predict how chemicals move throughout the atmosphere did not predict this band. Scientists now think that strong thunderstorms and winds that flow around South America's high Andes Mountains lift carbon dioxide into what's called the \"free troposphere.\" There it becomes trapped in the jet stream of the mid-latitudes, which propel it around the world. The sources of this belt are many: industry and power plants in coal-rich South Africa, electricity generation in eastern Australia and in Buenos Aires, Argentina, as well as plant respiration and fires. Watch the visualization below to see the first evidence of the belt, as detected by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument aboard NASA's Aqua satellite in 2003. AIRS now provides scientists with unprecedented global data on greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. || ",
            "hits": 25
        },
        {
            "id": 3864,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3864/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-10-03T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "The Polar Jet Stream",
            "description": "Meandering around the planet like a rollicking roller coaster in the sky, the Northern Hemisphere's polar jet stream is a fast-moving belt of westerly winds that traverses the lower layers of the atmosphere. The jet is created by the convergence of cold air masses descending from the Arctic and rising warm air from the tropics. Deep troughs and steep ridges emerge as the denser cold air sinks and deflects warm air regions north, giving the jet stream its wavy appearance. This pattern propagates across the mid-latitudes of North America, Europe and Asia, as pockets of cold air sporadically creep down from the Arctic - creating contrasting waves and flows that accelerate eastward due to Earth's rotation. Running from June 10 to July 8 of 1988, the visualization below uses weather and climate observations from NASA's MERRA dataset to model nearly a month of the jet stream's whirling journey over North America. || ",
            "hits": 886
        },
        {
            "id": 10820,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10820/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2011-09-08T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Deconstructing Eurasia's Wild Weather",
            "description": "Normally the jet stream in the Northern Hemisphere carries weather fronts over Russia in four or five days. But late in the summer of 2010 conditions were anything but normal. A large-scale, stagnant region of high pressure developed and lingered over western Russia for about a month. The rare weather pattern—known to meteorologists as an Omega blocking high—split the jet stream in two, causing winds to flow around the high, an area of descending warm air, in a horseshoe-shaped pattern similar to that of the Greek letter Omega (Ω). The high blocked the normal progression of weather fronts and produced droughts and unusually warm temperatures that fueled a rash of fires near Moscow. As Russia burned, the same blocking pattern kept a low-pressure area over northern Pakistan. The cool, rising air of the low generated torrential rainfall and destructive flooding in northern Pakistan when it clashed with warmer air from the high. In the visualization below, look for the warm air from the persistent high-pressure zone over Russia (shown in yellow and red) and the cooler air from the low-pressure zone (shown in blue) just north of Pakistan. || ",
            "hits": 22
        },
        {
            "id": 3850,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3850/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-08-30T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Extreme Russian Fires and Pakistan Floods Linked Meteorologically",
            "description": "In the summer of 2010, months of record-breaking drought and temperatures culminated with a rash of fires that ravaged western Russia for weeks. Temperatures in Moscow soared to an average of 104 °F (40 °C) during late July and early August — more than 18 °F (10  °C) above normal. Hundreds of fires broke out producing some $15 million in damages. The heat and smoke killed about 56,000 people, making the Russian wildfires fires one of the most lethal natural disasters of the year.Meanwhile, some 930 kilometers (1,500 miles) away, relentless rainfall was simultaneously pounding Pakistan and generating intense flooding. The Pakistan Meteorological Department reported nationwide rain totals 70 percent above normal in July and 102 percent above normal in August.New research conducted by William Lau, an atmospheric scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., suggests the two seemingly disconnected events were actually closely linked.Under normal circumstances, the jet stream pushes weather fronts through Eurasia in four or five days, but something unusual happened in July of 2010. A large-scale, stagnant weather pattern — known as an Omega blocking event — slowed the Rossby wave over Russia and prevented the normal progression of weather systems from west to east.As a result, a large region of high-pressure formed over Russia trapping a hot, dry air mass over the area. As the high lingered, the land surface dried and the normal transfer of moisture from the soil to the atmosphere slowed. Precipitation ceased, vegetation dried out, and the region became a taiga tinderbox.Meanwhile, the blocking pattern created unusual downstream wind patterns over Pakistan. Areas of low pressure on the leading edge of the Rossby wave formed in response to the high, pulling cold, dry Siberian air into lower latitudes.This cold air from Siberia clashed with warm, moist air arriving over Pakistan from the Bay of Bengal as part of the monsoon. There's nothing unusual about moisture moving north over India toward the Himalayas. It's a normal part of the monsoon. However, in this case, the unusual wind patterns associated with the blocking high brought upper level air disturbances farther south than typical, which in effect helped shifted the entire monsoon system north and west.This brought heavy monsoon rains — centered over parts of India — squarely over the northern part of Pakistan, a region ill-prepared to handle large amounts of rain. || ",
            "hits": 33
        },
        {
            "id": 3685,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3685/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-03-15T23:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Aqua/AIRS Carbon Dioxide, 2002-2009, With Mauna Loa Carbon Dioxide Graph",
            "description": "This visualization is a time-series of the global distribution and variation of the concentration of mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua spacecraft. For comparison, it is overlain by a graph of the seasonal variation and interannual increase of carbon dioxide observed at the Mauna Loa, Hawaii observatory. The AIRS data show the average concentration (parts per million) over an altitude range of 3 km to 13 km, whereas the Mauna Loa data show the concentration at an altitude of 3.4 km and its annual increase at a rate of approximately 2 parts per million (ppm) per year. The two most notable features of this visualization are the seasonal variation of CO2 and the trend of increase in its concentration from year to year. The global map clearly shows that the CO2 in the northern hemisphere peaks in April-May and then drops to a minimum in September-October. Although the seasonal cycle is less pronounced in the southern hemisphere it is opposite to that in the northern hemisphere. This seasonal cycle is governed by the growth cycle of plants. The northern hemisphere has the majority of the land masses, and so the amplitude of the cycle is greater in that hemisphere. The overall color of the map shifts toward the red with advancing time due to the annual increase of CO2. Although the mid-latitude jet streams are not visible in the map, we can see their influence upon the distribution of CO2 around the globe. These rivers of air occur at an altitude of about 5 km and rapidly transport CO2 around the globe at that altitude. In the northern hemisphere, the mid-latitude jet stream squirms like a released garden hose over the period of a few days due to the continental landmasses. In the southern hemisphere the jet stream flow is more directly West to East, and during the period from July to October the CO2 concentration is enhanced in a belt delineated by the jet stream and lofting of CO2 into the free troposphere by the high Andes is visible in this period. The zonal flow of CO2 around the globe at the latitude of South Africa, southern Australia and southern South America is readily apparent. Eastward flow of CO2 from Indonesia and the Celebes sea can be seen in the November to February time frame. || ",
            "hits": 46
        },
        {
            "id": 3562,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3562/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-10-08T23:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Aqua/AIRS Carbon Dioxide with Mauna Loa Carbon Dioxide Overlaid",
            "description": "A NASA/university study of the first-ever global satellite maps of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere has revealed new information on how this key greenhouse gas linked to climate change is distributed and moves around our world. Moustafa Chahine, lead study author and AIRS science team leader at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., said the maps, which cover from September 2002 to July 2008, will be used by scientists to refine how climate models represent the processes that transport carbon dioxide within Earth's atmosphere. 'These data capture global variations in the distribution of carbon dioxide over time that are not represented in the existing models used to determine where carbon dioxide is created and stored,' he said. Chahine said the previous scientific consensus was that carbon dioxide was evenly mixed in the free troposphere, decreasing as you move farther south of the equator. 'Our results show carbon dioxide there can vary by nearly one percent and that the free troposphere is like international waters-what's produced in one place is free to travel elsewhere,' he said.This visualization is a time-series of the global distribution and variation of the concentration of mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua spacecraft. For comparison, it is overlain by a graph of the seasonal variation and interannual increase of carbon dioxide observed at the Mauna Loa, Hawaii observatory. The AIRS data show the average concentration (parts per million) over an altitude range of 3 km to 13 km, whereas the Mauna Loa data show the concentration at an altitude of 3.4 km and its annual increase at a rate of approximately 2 parts per million (ppmv) per year. The two most notable features of this visualization are the seasonal variation of CO2 and the trend of increase in its concentration from year to year. The global map clearly shows that the CO2 in the northern hemisphere peaks in April-May and then drops to a minimum in September-October. Although the seasonal cycle is less pronounced in the southern hemisphere it is opposite to that in the northern hemisphere. This seasonal cycle is governed by the growth cycle of plants. The northern hemisphere has the majority of the land masses, and so the amplitude of the cycle is greater in that hemisphere. The overall color of the map shifts toward the red with advancing time due to the annual increase of CO2. Although the mid-latitude jet streams are not visible in the map, we can see their influence upon the distribution of CO2 around the globe. These rivers of air occur at an altitude of about 5 km and rapidly transport CO2 around the globe at that altitude. In the northern hemisphere, the mid-latitude jet stream squirms like a released garden hose over the period of a few days due to the continental landmasses. In the southern hemisphere the jet stream flow is more directly West to East, and during the period from July to October the CO2 concentration is enhanced in a belt delineated by the jet stream and lofting of CO2 into the free troposphere by the high Andes is visible in this period. The zonal flow of CO2 around the globe at the latitude of South Africa, southern Australia and southern South America is readily apparent. Eastward flow of CO2 from Indonesia and the Celebes sea can be seen in the November to February time frame. || ",
            "hits": 23
        },
        {
            "id": 3555,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3555/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-10-08T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Aqua/AIRS Sees Belt of Carbon Dioxide in Southern Hemisphere with Winds",
            "description": "Although originally designed to measure atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles for weather forecasting, data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecraft are now also being used by scientists to observe atmospheric carbon dioxide. This visualization shows Aqua/AIRS mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide from July 2003. Low concentrations, 360 ppm, are shown in blue and high concentrations, 385 ppm, are shown in red. Notice that despite carbon dioxide's high degree of mixing, the regional patterns of atmospheric sources and sinks are still apparent in mid-troposphere carbon dioxide concentrations.  In the southern hemisphere the jet stream flow is more directly West to East, and during the period from July to October the CO2 concentration is enhanced in a belt delineated by the jet stream and lofting of CO2 into the free troposphere by the high Andes is visible in this period. The zonal flow of CO2 around the globe at the latitude of South Africa, southern Australia and southern South America is readily apparent.For more information on AIRS, visit the AIRS Project Web Site: http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov. The AIRS data products are available at http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/AIRS/index.shtml. || ",
            "hits": 19
        },
        {
            "id": 3554,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3554/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-10-07T16:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Aqua/AIRS Sees Belt of Carbon Dioxide in Southern Hemisphere",
            "description": "Although originally designed to measure atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles for weather forecasting, data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecraft are now also being used by scientists to observe atmospheric carbon dioxide. In the southern hemisphere, a belt of mid-tropospheric air containing enhanced concentrations of carbon dioxide emerged between 30 and 40 degrees south latitude. This belt had not previously been seen in any chemistry transport model. Subtropical storms track through this region, as do the cloud bands of the intertropical convergence zone near the equator, an area of low atmospheric pressure that forms where northeast and southeast trade winds meet.The researchers believe strong convection (thunderstorms) in this belt, and South America's high Andes Mountains, lift carbon dioxide from major sources on Earth's surface, such as the respiration of plants, forest fires and facilities for producing synthetic fuels and generating power. This carbon dioxide is then carried into the 'free troposphere,' the part of the troposphere that is too high to be influenced by Earth's surface. There, it becomes trapped in the mid-latitude jet stream, which transports it rapidly around the world. For more information on AIRS, visit the AIRS Project Web Site: http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov. The AIRS data products are available at http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/AIRS/index.shtml. || ",
            "hits": 9
        },
        {
            "id": 3203,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3203/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-07-28T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Global High Altitude Wind Speed during Hurricane Frances (WMS)",
            "description": "The Earth's atmosphere exerts pressure based on the weight of the air above.  Differences in pressure from place-to-place cause winds to try to flow from high pressure to low pressure regions to even out the differences, but the Earth's rotation and wind friction with the surface act to slow or divert the winds.  This animation shows the high altitude wind speeds for the whole globe from September 1, 2004, through September 5, 2004, during the period of Hurricane Frances in the western Atlantic Ocean and Typhoon Songda in the western Pacific Ocean.  At high altitudes, the difference between between high pressures from warm tropical air and low pressures from cold polar air try to force air from the tropics toward the poles, but the Earth's rotation diverts this flow to the east, resulting in the high velocity west-to-east jet stream flows at mid-latitudes.  The circular flows from Frances and Songda can barely be seen at this altitude. || ",
            "hits": 47
        },
        {
            "id": 3207,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3207/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-07-28T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Global 300 hPa Geopotential Height during Hurricane Frances (WMS)",
            "description": "The Earth's atmosphere exerts pressure based on the weight of the air above, so the pressure reduces with rising altitude.  This rate of pressure reduction with altitude is based on the temperature of the air, with the pressure of colder air reducing faster with altitude than warmer air.  Therefore, a surface of constant pressure has a lower altitude at the poles than the equator.  This animation shows the altitude above sea level (the geopotential height) of the 300 hectopascal (hPa) pressure surface for the whole globe from September 1, 2004, through September 5, 2004, during the period of Hurricane Frances in the western Atlantic Ocean and Typhoon Songda in the western Pacific Ocean.  This pressure is about one-third of the normal pressure at sea level.  The largest downward slope of this surface occurs in the mid-latitudes and is shown in yellow in the animation.  At this region, air is trying to flow from the equator towards the poles to reduce the slope, but the rotation of the Earth forces the flow to divert to the east, forming the strong west-to-east jet stream flows in these regions.  Frances and Songda can be seen as sharp yellow dots of reduced height in their respective locations. || ",
            "hits": 86
        },
        {
            "id": 20045,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20045/",
            "result_type": "Animation",
            "release_date": "2005-03-11T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "El Niño Hurricane Connection",
            "description": "Animation compares the effects of La Niña and El Niño on the formation of Atlantic Hurricanes. El Niño tends to suppress the formation of hurricanes by steering the subtropical jet stream into the hurricanes' path and shearing off the tops of the storms before they develop into full intensity. During La Niña, the jet stream moves north, and hurricanes tend to more easily evolve without interference. || ",
            "hits": 25
        },
        {
            "id": 20030,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20030/",
            "result_type": "Animation",
            "release_date": "2004-06-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA Explains 'Dust Bowl' Drought",
            "description": "Abnormal sea surface temperatures (SST) in the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean played a strong role in the 1930s dust bowl drought. Scientists used SST data acquired from old ship records to create starting conditions for the computer models. They let the model run on its own, driven only by the observed monthly global sea surface temperatures. The model was able to reconstruct the Dust Bowl drought quite closely, providing strong evidence that the Great Plains dry spell originated with abnormal sea surface temperatures. This sequence shows the warmer than normal SST (red-orange) in that the Atlantic Ocean and colder than normal SST (blues) in the Pacific Ocean, followed by a low level jet stream that shifted and weakened reducing the normal supply of moisture to the Great Plains. || ",
            "hits": 49
        },
        {
            "id": 20031,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20031/",
            "result_type": "Animation",
            "release_date": "2004-06-24T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA Explains 'Dust Bowl' Drought",
            "description": "This illustration shows how cooler than normal tropical Pacific Ocean temperatures (blues) and warmer than normal tropical Atlantic Ocean temperatures (red and orange) contributed to a weakened low level jet stream and changed its course. The jet stream normally flows westward over the Gulf of Mexico and then turns northward pulling up moisture and dumping rain onto the Great Plains. During the 1930s, this low level jet stream weakened, carrying less moisture, and shifted further south. The Great Plains land dried up and dust storms blew across the U.S. || ",
            "hits": 75
        }
    ]
}