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    "results": [
        {
            "id": 4796,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4796/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2020-04-30T14:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Land Ice Height Change Between ICESat and ICESat-2",
            "description": "This visualization depicts changes in Antarctic land ice thickness as measured by the ICESat (2003-2009) and ICESat-2 (2018-) satellites. The camera zooms into a region near the Kamb ice stream to compare ICESat and ICESat-2 beam tracks.  The beam intersections are highlighted to explain how the data at these points are used to measure how land ice has changed over time.  After exploring a few regions in detail, the camera moves out to a global view and an ocean temperature dataset is revealed. || land_ice_antarctica.2870_print.jpg (1024x576) [70.5 KB] || land_ice_antarctica.2870_searchweb.png (320x180) [61.2 KB] || land_ice_antarctica_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [48.6 MB] || land_ice_antarctica_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [8.8 MB] || land_ice_antarctica (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || land_ice_antarctica (5760x3240) [0 Item(s)] || land_ice_antarctica_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [129.9 MB] || land_ice_antarctica_1080p30.mp4.hwshow || ",
            "hits": 90
        },
        {
            "id": 30942,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30942/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2018-05-03T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "The first Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat)",
            "description": "ICESat launch animation and sensor operation || VTS_01_1_trim_00561.jpg (1280x720) [131.3 KB] || VTS_01_1_trim_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [61.6 MB] || VTS_01_1_trim.webm (720x480) [29.8 MB] || ",
            "hits": 89
        },
        {
            "id": 3813,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3813/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice for the Dynamic Earth Dome Show",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. This animation first shows the advance and retreat of the Arctic sea ice followed by same for the Antarctic sea ice. The sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day average sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running miniimum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. The animation ends by flying over the Antarctic Peninsula.This was created for a planetarium dome show called Dynamic Earth and is produced in 'domemaster format'. The domemaster format was created by rendering 7 separate 2048x2048 camera tiles. The tiles were then stitched together to form final domemaster at 4096x4096 resolution. Both the tiles and the domemaster were rendered with 16 bits per channel with no gamma correction. Two domemaster layers were generated for this animation: the Earth showing sea ice advancing or retreating rendered with transparency and the star background without transparency.This visualization was shown in the \"VR Village\" at SIGGRAPH 2015. || ",
            "hits": 51
        },
        {
            "id": 3939,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3939/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-04-16T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) Orbits",
            "description": "The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), also to be named Landsat 8 after its scheduled launch in February 2013, will be the eighth in the series of Landsat satellites. Since 1972, Landsat satellites have been observing and measuring Earth's continental and coastal landscapes at 15 to 30 meter resolution, where human impacts and natural changes can be monitored and characterized over time.This animation portrays how the LDCM satellite will orbit the Earth 13 times per day at an altitude of 705 km collecting landcover data. With a cross-track width of 185 km, the satellite will completely cover the globe in a 16 day period compiling a total of 233 orbits. A day number and the elapsed time are shown to clearly depict the passage of time which starts slowly in the beginning and increases to day-by-day steps at the end of the animation. The terrain is exaggerated by 6 times during the first day portrayed, but is increased to 12 times when the camera pulls out to a global view. An artificial orbit trail is shown following the spacecraft to indicate its position when the satellite itself is too small to be visible. || ",
            "hits": 59
        },
        {
            "id": 3889,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3889/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-11-28T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Pine Island Glacier Ice Flows and Elevation Change",
            "description": "This animation shows glacier changes detected by ATM, ICESat and ice bridge data in the highly dynamic Pine Island Glacier. We know that ice speeds in this area have increased dramatically from the late 1990s to the present as the ice shelves in this area have thinned and the bottom of the ice has lost contact with the bed beneath. As the ice has accelerated, ice upstream of the coast must be stretched more vigorously, causing it to thin. NASA-sponsored aircraft missions first measured the ice surface height in this region in 2002, followed by ICESat data between 2002 and 2009. Ice Bridge aircraft have measured further surface heights in 2009 and 2010, and these measurements continue today. Integrating these altimetry sources allows us to estimate surface height changes throughout the drainage regions of the most important glaciers in the region. We see large and accelerating elevation changes extending inland from the coast on Pine Island glacier shown centered here. The changes on Pine Island mark these as potential continuing sources of ice to the sea, and has been surveyed in 2011 by Ice Bridge aircraft and targeted for repeat measurements in coming years. || ",
            "hits": 22
        },
        {
            "id": 3875,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3875/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-11-02T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "West Antarctic Glacier Ice Flows and Elevation Change",
            "description": "This animation shows glacier changes detected by ATM, ICESat and ice bridge data in the highly dynamic Amundsen Embayment of West Antarctica. We know that ice speeds in this area have increased dramatically from the late 1990s to the present as the ice shelves in this area have thinned and the bottom of the ice has lost contact with the bed beneath. As the ice has accelerated, ice upstream of the coast must be stretched more vigorously, causing it to thin. NASA-sponsored aircraft missions first measured the ice surface height in this region in 2002, followed by ICESat data between 2002 and 2009. Ice Bridge aircraft have measured further surface heights in 2009 and 2010, and these measurements continue today. Integrating these altimetry sources allows us to estimate surface height changes throughout the drainage regions of the most important glaciers in the region. We see large elevation changes at the coast on Thwaites glacier, at the center of the images, and large and accelerating elevation changes extending inland from the coast on Pine Island and Smith glaciers, to the left and right of the images, respectively. The changes on Pine Island and Smith glaciers mark these as potential continuing sources of ice to the sea, and they have been surveyed in 2011 by Ice Bridge aircraft and targeted for repeat measurements in coming years. || ",
            "hits": 41
        },
        {
            "id": 3825,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3825/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-03-28T22:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge 2011 Arctic Flight Paths and Change in Elevation Data over Greenland",
            "description": "With the aircraft resources of NASA's Airborne Sciences Program, Operation IceBridge is taking to the sky to ensure a sustained, critical watch over Earth's polar regions. Flight lines (black) are shown for the 2011 campaign over Arctic sea ice and Greenland's land ice. Many flights target outlet glaciers along the coast where NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) shows significant thinning. Blue and purple colors, respectively, indicate moderate to large thinning. Gray and yellow, respectively, indicate slight to moderate thickening. Since its launch in January 2003, the ICESat elevation satellite has been measuring the change in thickness of ice sheets. This image of Greenland shows the changes in elevation over the Greenland ice sheet between 2003 and 2006. || ",
            "hits": 32
        },
        {
            "id": 3823,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3823/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-03-21T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge 2010 Arctic Flight Paths and Change in Elevation Data over Greenland",
            "description": "With the aircraft resources of NASA's Airborne Sciences Program, Operation IceBridge is taking to the sky to ensure a sustained, critical watch over Earth's polar regions. Flight lines (black) are shown for the 2010 campaign over Arctic sea ice and Greenland's land ice. Many flights target outlet glaciers along the coast where NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) shows significant thinning. Blue and purple colors, respectively, indicate moderate to large thinning. Gray and yellow, respectively, indicate slight to moderate thickening. Since its launch in January 2003, the ICESat elevation satellite has been measuring the change in thickness of ice sheets. This image of Greenland shows the changes in elevation over the Greenland ice sheet between 2003 and 2006. || ",
            "hits": 16
        },
        {
            "id": 10734,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10734/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2011-03-15T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Building a Bigger Bridge - OIB 2011 Preview",
            "description": "Operation IceBridge is heading back into the Arctic with two aircraft and the most sophisticated suite of instruments ever flown in polar regions. This year's mission will focus on sea ice thickness, the Canadian Ice Caps, Greenland ice sheet dynamics, and flyovers of the European Space Agency's CryoSat-2 ground validation sites. || ",
            "hits": 23
        },
        {
            "id": 3782,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3782/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-10-20T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Operation IceBridge Flight Paths - Antarctica Fall 2010 Campaign",
            "description": "Operation IceBridge — a NASA airborne mission to observe changes in Earth's rapidly changing polar land ice and sea ice — is soon to embark on its fourth field season in October. The mission is now paralleled by a campaign to bring data to researchers as quickly as possible and to accelerate the analysis of those changes and how they may affect people and climate systems.Data from campaigns flown prior to the inception of IceBridge will also be archived at NSIDC. These include data from the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrument; mountain glacier data from the University of Alaska Fairbanks; and deep radar bedmap data from University of Kansas radar instruments. Combined with NSIDC's existing complete archive of data from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument aboard ICESat, researchers will be able to access a rich repository of complementary measurements.IceBridge, a six-year NASA mission, is the largest airborne survey of Earth's polar ice ever flown. It will yield an unprecedented three-dimensional view of Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets, ice shelves and sea ice. These flights will provide a yearly, multi-instrument look at the behavior of the rapidly changing features of the Greenland and Antarctic ice.Data collected during IceBridge will help scientists bridge the gap in polar observations between NASA's ICESat — in orbit since 2003 — and ICESat-2, planned for late 2015. ICESat stopped collecting science data in 2009, making IceBridge critical for ensuring a continuous series of observations. || ",
            "hits": 48
        },
        {
            "id": 3294,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3294/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-11-30T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica view of Pine Island and Thwaites Glacier",
            "description": "NASA has released a digital image map of the Antarctic continent and surrounding islands. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) image map is a composite of 260 swaths comprised of both Terra and Aqua MODIS images acquired between November 20, 2003 and February 29, 2004. MOA provides a cloud-free view of the ice sheet, ice shelves, and land surfaces at a grid scale of 125 m and an estimated resolution of 150 m. All land areas south of 60° S that are larger than a few hundred meters are included in the mosaic. Also included are several persistent fast ice areas and grounded icebergs. || ",
            "hits": 41
        },
        {
            "id": 3619,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3619/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-09-01T18:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "A Tour of the Cryosphere 2009",
            "description": "The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. In these regions, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of each year. Since ice and snow exist relatively close to their melting point, they frequently change from solid to liquid and back again due to fluctuations in surface temperature. Although direct measurements of the cryosphere can be difficult to obtain due to the remote locations of many of these areas, using satellite observations scientists monitor changes in the global and regional climate by observing how regions of the Earth's cryosphere shrink and expand.This animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The animation begins in Antarctica, showing some unique features of the Antarctic landscape found nowhere else on earth. Ice shelves, ice streams, glaciers, and the formation of massive icebergs can be seen clearly in the flyover of the Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica. A time series shows the movement of iceberg B15A, an iceberg 295 kilometers in length which broke off of the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Moving farther along the coastline, a time series of the Larsen ice shelf shows the collapse of over 3,200 square kilometers ice since January 2002. As we depart from the Antarctic, we see the seasonal change of sea ice and how it nearly doubles the apparent area of the continent during the winter.From Antarctica, the animation travels over South America showing glacier locations on this mostly tropical continent. We then move further north to observe daily changes in snow cover over the North American continent. The clouds show winter storms moving across the United States and Canada, leaving trails of snow cover behind. In a close-up view of the western US, we compare the difference in land cover between two years: 2003 when the region received a normal amount of snow and 2002 when little snow was accumulated. The difference in the surrounding vegetation due to the lack of spring melt water from the mountain snow pack is evident.As the animation moves from the western US to the Arctic region, the areas affected by permafrost are visible. As time marches forward from March to September, the daily snow and sea ice recede and reveal the vast areas of permafrost surrounding the Arctic Ocean.The animation shows a one-year cycle of Arctic sea ice followed by the mean September minimum sea ice for each year from 1979 through 2008. The superimposed graph of the area of Arctic sea ice at this minimum clearly shows the dramatic decrease in Artic sea ice over the last few years.While moving from the Arctic to Greenland, the animation shows the constant motion of the Arctic polar ice using daily measures of sea ice activity. Sea ice flows from the Arctic into Baffin Bay as the seasonal ice expands southward. As we draw close to the Greenland coast, the animation shows the recent changes in the Jakobshavn glacier. Although Jakobshavn receded only slightly from 1964 to 2001, the animation shows significant recession from 2001 through 2009. As the animation pulls out from Jakobshavn, the effect of the increased flow rate of Greenland costal glaciers is shown by the thinning ice shelf regions near the Greenland coast.This animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website.Note: This animation is an update of the animation 'A Short Tour of the Cryosphere', which is itself an abridged version of the animation 'A Tour of the Cryosphere'. The popularity of the earlier animations and their continuing relevance prompted us to update the datasets in parts of the animation and to remake it in high definition. In certain cases, our experiences in using the earlier work have led us to tweak the presentation of some of the material to make it clearer. Our thanks to Dr. Robert Bindschadler for suggesting and supporting this remake. || ",
            "hits": 45
        },
        {
            "id": 3592,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3592/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-04-05T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Fall Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Declining Rapidly",
            "description": "Using five years of data from NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), a team of NASA and university scientists made the first basin-wide estimate of the thickness and volume of the Arctic Ocean ice cover between 2003 and 2008. The scientists found that younger, thinner ice has replaced older, thicker ice as the dominant type over the past five years. Until recently, the majority of Arctic ice survived at least one summer and often several. That balance has now flipped. Seasonal ice, or ice that melts and re-freezes every year, now comprises about 70 percent of the Arctic sea ice in wintertime, up from 40 to 50 percent in the 1980s and 1990s. Thicker ice - surviving two or more years - now comprises just 10 percent of ice cover, down from 30 to 40 percent in years past.Sea ice thickness has been hard to measure directly so scientists have typically used estimates of ice age to approximate thickness. With ICESat, NASA scientists were for the first time able to monitor the ice thickness and volume changes over the entire Arctic Ocean. The Arctic ice cap grows each winter as the sun sets for several months and intense cold sets in. The total volume of winter Arctic ice is equal to the volume of fresh water in Lake Superior and Lake Michigan combined. Some of that ice is naturally pushed out of the Arctic by winds, while much of it melts in place. But not all of the ice in the Arctic melts each summer, and the thicker, older ice that survives one or more summers is more likely to persist through the next summer. This older, thicker ice is declining thinner ice that is more vulnerable to summer melt. Seasonal sea ice usually reaches about 2 meters (6 feet) in thickness, while ice that has lasted through more than one summer averages 3 meters (9 feet), though it can grow much thicker in some locations near the coast. From 2003 to 2008, multi-year ice has thinned by an average of 60 centimeters (2 feet). The total ice volume in winter has decreased by 6,300 cubic kilometers, or 40 percent. The maximum extent of multi-year ice is now one-third of what it was in the 1990s. || ",
            "hits": 58
        },
        {
            "id": 3589,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3589/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-03-05T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Winter Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Declining Rapidly",
            "description": "Using five years of data from NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), a team of NASA and university scientists made the first basin-wide estimate of the thickness and volume of the Arctic Ocean ice cover between 2003 and 2008. The scientists found that younger, thinner ice has replaced older, thicker ice as the dominant type over the past five years. Until recently, the majority of Arctic ice survived at least one summer and often several. That balance has now flipped. Seasonal ice, or ice that melts and re-freezes every year, now comprises about 70 percent of the Arctic sea ice in wintertime, up from 40 to 50 percent in the 1980s and 1990s. Thicker ice - surviving two or more years - now comprises just 10 percent of ice cover, down from 30 to 40 percent in years past.Sea ice thickness has been hard to measure directly so scientists have typically used estimates of ice age to approximate thickness. With ICESat, NASA scientists were for the first time able to monitor the ice thickness and volume changes over the entire Arctic Ocean. The Arctic ice cap grows each winter as the sun sets for several months and intense cold sets in. The total volume of winter Arctic ice is equal to the volume of fresh water in Lake Superior and Lake Michigan combined. Some of that ice is naturally pushed out of the Arctic by winds, while much of it melts in place. But not all of the ice in the Arctic melts each summer, and the thicker, older ice that survives one or more summers is more likely to persist through the next summer. This older, thicker ice is declining thinner ice that is more vulnerable to summer melt. Seasonal sea ice usually reaches about 2 meters (6 feet) in thickness, while ice that has lasted through more than one summer averages 3 meters (9 feet), though it can grow much thicker in some locations near the coast. From 2003 to 2008, multi-year ice has thinned by an average of 60 centimeters (2 feet). The total ice volume in winter has decreased by 6,300 cubic kilometers, or 40 percent. The maximum extent of multi-year ice is now one-third of what it was in the 1990s. || ",
            "hits": 35
        },
        {
            "id": 3593,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3593/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-03-05T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Fall and Winter Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Declining Rapidly",
            "description": "Using five years of data from NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), a team of NASA and university scientists made the first basin-wide estimate of the thickness and volume of the Arctic Ocean ice cover between 2003 and 2008. The scientists found that younger, thinner ice has replaced older, thicker ice as the dominant type over the past five years. Until recently, the majority of Arctic ice survived at least one summer and often several. That balance has now flipped. Seasonal ice, or ice that melts and re-freezes every year, now comprises about 70 percent of the Arctic sea ice in wintertime, up from 40 to 50 percent in the 1980s and 1990s. Thicker ice - surviving two or more years - now comprises just 10 percent of ice cover, down from 30 to 40 percent in years past.Sea ice thickness has been hard to measure directly so scientists have typically used estimates of ice age to approximate thickness. With ICESat, NASA scientists were for the first time able to monitor the ice thickness and volume changes over the entire Arctic Ocean. The Arctic ice cap grows each winter as the sun sets for several months and intense cold sets in. The total volume of winter Arctic ice is equal to the volume of fresh water in Lake Superior and Lake Michigan combined. Some of that ice is naturally pushed out of the Arctic by winds, while much of it melts in place. But not all of the ice in the Arctic melts each summer, and the thicker, older ice that survives one or more summers is more likely to persist through the next summer. This older, thicker ice is declining thinner ice that is more vulnerable to summer melt. Seasonal sea ice usually reaches about 2 meters (6 feet) in thickness, while ice that has lasted through more than one summer averages 3 meters (9 feet), though it can grow much thicker in some locations near the coast. From 2003 to 2008, multi-year ice has thinned by an average of 60 centimeters (2 feet). The total ice volume in winter has decreased by 6,300 cubic kilometers, or 40 percent. The maximum extent of multi-year ice is now one-third of what it was in the 1990s. || ",
            "hits": 83
        },
        {
            "id": 3467,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3467/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-10-04T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Updated Jakobshavn Glacier Calving Front Retreat from 2001 through 2006 with Blue/White Elevation Change over Greenland",
            "description": "Since measurements of Jakobshavn Isbrae were first taken in 1850, the glacier gradually receded until about 1950, where it remained stable for the past 5 decades. However, from 1997 to 2006, the glacier has begun to recede again, this time almost doubling in speed. The finding is important for many reasons. As more ice moves from glaciers on land into the ocean, ocean sea levels raise. Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining 6.5 percent of Greenland's ice sheet area. The ice stream's speed-up and near-doubling of ice flow from land into the ocean has increased the rate of sea level rise by about .06 millimeters (about .002 inches) per year, or roughly 4 percent of the 20th century rate of sea level increase. This animation shows the glacier's flow in 2000, along with changes in the glacier's calving front between 2001 and 2006.This animation is an update of, and extension to, animation IDs #3374 and #3434.In this version, the pause on the approach to the Jakobshavn glacier where the meltwater lakes on the Greenland ice sheet are visible is shortened. In addition, the colors showing regions of elevation increase and decrease over the Greenland ice sheet are modified. || ",
            "hits": 41
        },
        {
            "id": 3460,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3460/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-09-21T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Change in Elevation over Greenland with Alternate Color Scale",
            "description": "Changes in the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are critical in quantifying forecasts for sea level rise. Since its launch in January 2003, the ICESat elevation satellite has been measuring the change in thickness of these ice sheets. This image of Greenland shows the changes in elevation over the Greenland ice sheet between 2003 and 2006, The white regions indicate a slight thickening, while the blue shades indicate a thinning of the ice sheet. Gray indicates areas where no change in elevation was measured. || ",
            "hits": 71
        },
        {
            "id": 3455,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3455/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-09-17T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Nadir View of Change in Elevation over Greenland with  a Blue/Yellow Color Scale",
            "description": "Changes in the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are critical in quantifying forecasts for sea level rise. Since its launch in January 2003, the ICESat elevation satellite has been measuring the change in thickness of these ice sheets. This image of Greenland shows the changes in elevation over the Greenland ice sheet between 2003 and 2006. Gray areas indicate no change in elevation. The white regions indicate a slight thickening, while the blue and purple shades indicate a thinning of the ice sheet. || ",
            "hits": 17
        },
        {
            "id": 3410,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3410/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-07-26T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Change in Elevation over Greenland",
            "description": "Changes in the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are critical in quantifying forecasts for sea level rise. Since its launch in January 2003, the ICESat elevation satellite has been measuring the change in thickness of these ice sheets. This image of Greenland shows the changes in elevation over the Greenland ice sheet between 2003 and 2006, The pink and red regions indicate a slight thickening, while the blue and purple shades indicate a thinning of the ice sheet. || ",
            "hits": 29
        },
        {
            "id": 3434,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3434/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-06-11T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Updated Jakobshavn Glacier Calving Front Retreat from 2001 through 2006",
            "description": "Since measurements of Jakobshavn Isbrae were first taken in 1850, the glacier has gradually receded, finally coming to rest at a certain point for the past 5 decades. However, from 1997 to 2006, the glacier has begun to recede again, this time almost doubling in speed. The finding is important for many reasons. As more ice moves from glaciers on land into the ocean, ocean sea levels raise. Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining 6.5 percent of Greenland's ice sheet area. The ice stream's speed-up and near-doubling of ice flow from land into the ocean has increased the rate of sea level rise by about .06 millimeters (about .002 inches) per year, or roughly 4 percent of the 20th century rate of sea level increase. This animation shows the glacier's flow in 2000, along with changes in the glacier's calving front between 2001 and 2006.This animation is an update of and extension to animation ID #3374. In this version, a pause is added on the approach to the Jakobshavn glacier in order to highlight the meltwater lakes visible on the Greenland ice sheet. In addition, semi-transparent overlays and text indicate different regions of the glacier before the calving lines are shown. After the calving front retreat, an additional segment shows a zoom to a global view. During the pull out, historic calving front locations are shown followed by a color overlay showing regions of increase and decrease in the Greenland ice sheet. || ",
            "hits": 39
        },
        {
            "id": 3403,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3403/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-02-19T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Plumbing: Lake Englehardt's Subglacial Hydraulic System",
            "description": "ICESat satellite laser altimeter elevation profiles from 2003-2006 collected over West Antarctica reveal numerous regions of temporally varying elevation. MODIS satellite imagery over roughly the same time period collaborates where these subglacial fluctuations have occurred. These observations have led scientists to conclude that subglacial water movement is happening in this lake region, revealing a widespread, dynamic subglacial water system that could provide important insights into ice flow and the mass balance of Antarctica's ice. || ",
            "hits": 54
        },
        {
            "id": 3295,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3295/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-11-30T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica sees the Ross Ice Shelf",
            "description": "NASA has released a digital image map of the Antarctic continent and surrounding islands. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) image map is a composite of 260 swaths comprised of both Terra and Aqua MODIS images acquired between November 20, 2003 and February 29, 2004. MOA provides a cloud-free view of the ice sheet, ice shelves, and land surfaces at a grid scale of 125 m and an estimated resolution of 150 m. All land areas south of 60° S that are larger than a few hundred meters are included in the mosaic. Also included are several persistent fast ice areas and grounded icebergs. || ",
            "hits": 60
        },
        {
            "id": 3355,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3355/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-05-20T23:55:00-04:00",
            "title": "A Short Tour of the Cryosphere",
            "description": "A newer version of this animation is available here.This narrated, 5-minute animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet. This is a shorter version of a narrated, 7 1/2 minute animation entitled  'A Tour of the Cryosphere'.See the above link for a detailed description of the full animation.Two sections have been removed from the original animation: one showing a flyby of the South Pole station and glaciers feeding the Ross Ice Shelf and one showing solar data related to the Earth's energy balance.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website. || ",
            "hits": 25
        },
        {
            "id": 3181,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3181/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-12-04T23:55:00-05:00",
            "title": "A Tour of the Cryosphere",
            "description": "A new HD version of this animation is available here.Click here to go to the media download section.The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. In these regions, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of each year. Since ice and snow exist relatively close to their melting point, they frequently change from solid to liquid and back again due to fluctuations in surface temperature. Although direct measurements of the cryosphere can be difficult to obtain due to the remote locations of many of these areas, using satellite observations scientists monitor changes in the global and regional climate by observing how regions of the Earth's cryosphere shrink and expand.This animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The animation begins in Antarctica, showing ice thickness ranging from 2.7 to 4.8 kilometers thick along with swaths of polar stratospheric clouds. In a tour of this frozen continent, the animation shows some unique features of the Antarctic landscape found nowhere else on earth. Ice shelves, ice streams, glaciers, and the formation of massive icebergs can be seen. A time series shows the movement of iceberg B15A, an iceberg 295 kilometers in length which broke off of the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Moving farther along the coastline, a time series of the Larsen ice shelf shows the collapse of over 3,200 square kilometers ice since January 2002. As we depart from the Antarctic, we see the seasonal change of sea ice and how it nearly doubles the size of the continent during the winter.From Antarctica, the animation travels over South America showing areas of permafrost over this mostly tropical continent. We then move further north to observe daily changes in snow cover over the North American continent. The clouds show winter storms moving across the United States and Canada, leaving trails of snow cover behind. In a close-up view of the western US, we compare the difference in land cover between two years: 2003 when the region received a normal amount of snow and 2002 when little snow was accumulated. The difference in the surrounding vegetation due to the lack of spring melt water from the mountain snow pack is evident.As the animation moves from the western US to the Arctic region, the areas effected by permafrost are visible. In December, we see how the incoming solar radiation primarily heats the Southern Hemisphere. As time marches forward from December to June, the daily snow and sea ice recede as the incoming solar radiation moves northward to warm the Northern Hemisphere.Using satellite swaths that wrap the globe, the animation shows three types of instantaneous measurements of solar radiation observed on June 20, 2003: shortwave (reflected) radiation, longwave (thermal) radiation and net flux (showing areas of heating and cooling). Correlation between reflected radiation and clouds are evident. When the animation fades to show the monthly global average net flux, we see that the polar regions serve to cool the global climate by radiating solar energy back into space throughout the year.The animation shows a one-year cycle of the monthly average Arctic sea ice concentration followed by the mean September minimum sea ice for each year from 1979 through 2004. A red outline indicates the mean sea ice extent for September over 22 years, from 1979 to 2002. The minimum Arctic sea ice animation clearly shows how over the last 5 years the quantity of polar ice has decreased by 10 - 14% from the 22 year average.While moving from the Arctic to Greenland, the animation shows the constant motion of the Arctic polar ice using daily measures of sea ice activity. Sea ice flows from the Arctic into Baffin Bay as the seasonal ice expands southward. As we draw close to the Greenland coast, the animation shows the recent changes in the Jakobshavn glacier. Although Jakobshavn receded only slightly from 1042 to 2001, the animation shows significant recession over the past three years, from 2002 through 2004.This animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website. || ",
            "hits": 104
        },
        {
            "id": 3119,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3119/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-03-10T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "ICESat Aerosols and Clouds over Africa",
            "description": "This is an animation showing data from ICESat's Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS).  Aerosol and cloud data are shown spanning 80 passes over the Africa region from October 4 through October 28  2003. The data are initially shown in the time order collected using an 8 day moving time window.  After that, the first 40 passes are all shown at once and a flown over. || ",
            "hits": 4
        },
        {
            "id": 3120,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3120/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-03-10T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "ICESat Aerosols over Africa",
            "description": "This is an animation showing data from ICESat's Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS).  Aerosol data are shown spanning 80 passes over the Africa region from October 4 through October 28  2003. The data are initially shown in the time order collected using an 8 day moving time window.  After that, the first 40 passes are all shown at once and a flown over. || ",
            "hits": 7
        },
        {
            "id": 3121,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3121/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-03-10T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "ICESat Aerosols and Clouds over India",
            "description": "This is an animation showing data from ICESat's Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS).  Aerosol and cloud data are shown spanning 68 passes over the India region from October 5 through November 18  2003. The data are initially shown in the time order collected using an 8 day moving time window.  After that, the first 34 passes are all shown at once and a flown over. || ",
            "hits": 7
        },
        {
            "id": 3122,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3122/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-03-10T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "ICESat Aerosols over India",
            "description": "This is an animation showing data from ICESat's Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS).  Aerosol data are shown spanning 68 passes over the India region from October 5 through November 18  2003. The data are initially shown in the time order collected using an 8 day moving time window.  After that, the first 34 passes are all shown at once and a flown over. || ",
            "hits": 9
        },
        {
            "id": 3040,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3040/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-11-04T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "ICESat Cloud Walls (south to north spiral camera path)",
            "description": "This is an animation showing data from ICESat's Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS).  Cloud data can be seen over about 15 orbits on October 6, 2003.  The data are initially laid out in the order that is was collected followed by continued movement around the scene.  This version of the animation starts at the south pole and spirals slowly up to the north pole. || ",
            "hits": 31
        },
        {
            "id": 3039,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3039/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-10-29T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "ICESat Cloud Walls (scripted camera path)",
            "description": "This is an animation showing data from ICESat's Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). Cloud data can be seen over about 15 orbits on October 6, 2003. The data are initially laid out in the order that is was collected followed by continued movement around the scene. This version of the animation starts with the full globe, moves south to Antarctica, over the pole, then north to Africa, around the world near the equator and finally to the north pole. || ",
            "hits": 14
        },
        {
            "id": 2978,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2978/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-09-03T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "ICESat Lithograph",
            "description": "This still image was generated to be printed as a lithograph for public distribution. [from the litho:] This image illustrates ice sheet elevation and cloud data from ICESat's Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on its first day of operation, February 20, 2003. On that day, the instrument collected a 1064 nm wavelength profile across Antarctica: the lower West Antarctic Ice Sheet in the foreground is separated from the higher East Antarctic Ice Sheet in the background by the steep TransAntarctic Mountains. The elevation profile (in red) is depicted relative to the Earthandapos;s standard ellipsoid with 50x vertical exaggeration. Data collected across floating sea ice and open water of the adjacent Southern Ocean cannot be shown at this scale. Clouds of various thicknesses are indicated by colors changing progressively from light blue (thin clouds) to white (opaque layers). Note that the laser cannot penetrate the thickest clouds causing gaps in the elevation profile below. The RADARSAT (Canadian Space Agency) mosaic is used to illustrate the Antarctic continent. || ",
            "hits": 21
        },
        {
            "id": 20024,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20024/",
            "result_type": "Animation",
            "release_date": "2004-02-09T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "ICESat Data Accumulation Animation",
            "description": "Accumulating Data: Glas Builds Its Facts One Point at a Time - The technology behind GLAS is called lidar. Lidar is a distance measuring system similar to radar, except that instead of radio waves it uses pulses of laser light for range finding. The name is a contraction based on the words light and radar: Light Detection And Ranging. A lidar system determines precise distances by measuring the amount of time necessary for a pulse of light to leave an emitter, hit a target, and return. In this case, distance measurements helped researchers determine changes in ice thickness, vegetation, cloud thickness, and much more. || ",
            "hits": 17
        },
        {
            "id": 2741,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2741/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2003-05-23T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "ICESat First Light Release: Antarctica, from Coast to Coast",
            "description": "ICESat's first topographic profiles across the continent reveal the textured surfaces of Antarctic ice sheets in unprecedented detail.  The following profile spans the entire Antarctic continent from coast to coast.  The transect begins near Wrigley Gulf, crosses the Ross Ice Shelf and central Antarctica, finally tapering off at the Amery Ice Shelf.  The high flat area in the center of the continent is called the East Antarctic plateau. || ",
            "hits": 88
        },
        {
            "id": 2742,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2742/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2003-05-23T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "ICESat First Light Release: From Sea Ice to Ice Streams",
            "description": "The following profile shows the dramatic change in elevation from coastal Antarctica, which is covered in sea ice for most of the year, to the center of the continent.  It starts near the Amundsen Sea and travels inward, ending over the West Antarctic Ice Streams where we get a look at this dynamic portion of the polar landscape.  (The green elevation profile in this animation is exaggerated vertically by a factor of 10x.) || ",
            "hits": 17
        },
        {
            "id": 2743,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2743/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2003-05-23T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "ICESat First Light Release: A Closer View of the Coast",
            "description": "Elevation data from ICESat's GLAS instrument is quite detailed, as can be seen in this close-up view of a profile that passes near the Banzare Coast in Antarctica. (The green elevation profile in this animation is exaggerated vertically by a factor of 10x for aesthetic purposes.) || ",
            "hits": 19
        },
        {
            "id": 2744,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2744/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2003-05-15T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "ICESat First Light Release: A Continuous View of Clouds",
            "description": "The GLAS laser system on ICESat is making unique measurements of the heights of clouds and their global distribution.  In addition, ICESat can 'see' the distributions of aerosols from sources such as dust storms and forest fires.  This animation shows the distribution of cloud layers as seens from the bird's eye perspective of the ICESat spacecraft. || ",
            "hits": 15
        },
        {
            "id": 2745,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2745/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2003-05-15T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "ICESat First Light Release: Antarctica in Three Dimensions",
            "description": "ICESat's orbit was designed to maximize coverage over the great polar ice sheets, where ground tracks overlap to create an intricate grid of data points. The accumulation of these data points in the Southern Hemisphere results in a new three-dimensional elevation model of Antarctica. ICESat repeats its orbital pattern every eight days, allowing the GLAS instrument to measure changes over time in the same location. In order to measure ice sheet mass balance, the satellite's advanced technology is providing data on the critically important third dimension, elevation. || ",
            "hits": 48
        },
        {
            "id": 2747,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2747/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2003-05-15T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "ICESat First Light Release: Following ICESat",
            "description": "In this visualization we ride along with the ICESat spacecraft as its laser measures detailed changes in surface topography. This was produced in support of the ICESat first light release. || ",
            "hits": 10
        }
    ]
}