{ "count": 317, "next": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/api/search/?limit=100&offset=100&people=Marte+Newcombe", "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 11833, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11833/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-04-07T11:30:00-04:00", "title": "Portrait Of An Asteroid", "description": "Scientists use lasers to create a 3-D model of asteroid Eros. || c-1280.jpg (1280x720) [118.7 KB] || c-1024.jpg (1024x576) [82.2 KB] || c-1024_print.jpg (1024x576) [77.5 KB] || c-1024_searchweb.png (320x180) [40.5 KB] || c-1024_print_thm.png (80x40) [10.2 KB] || ", "hits": 30 }, { "id": 11750, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11750/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-02-24T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "Counting Craters", "description": "A census of the moon’s craters is helping scientists decipher its history. || c-1280.jpg (1280x720) [231.4 KB] || c-1024.jpg (1024x576) [170.6 KB] || c-1024_print.jpg (1024x576) [172.5 KB] || c-1024_searchweb.png (320x180) [69.9 KB] || c-1024_print_thm.png (80x40) [19.8 KB] || ", "hits": 93 }, { "id": 11271, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11271/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-06-18T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Moon Scanner", "description": "The moon makes one revolution around Earth and one full turn on its axis every 27.3 days. Within this period, NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter will have made its own journey, circling the moon 348 times. Each successive orbit differs by a single degree of longitude, resulting in a path that allows the spacecraft to survey the entire moon every two weeks. During each orbit, LRO scans the moon's terrain using a special instrument called the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter. The data collected by the instrument not only helps scientists to create detailed elevation maps of the lunar surface, but also pinpoints LRO’s precise position in space. Watch the animation to see how LRO scans the moon. || ", "hits": 101 }, { "id": 10836, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10836/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-10-20T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Moon Wobble", "description": "From Earth we only see one face of the moon. But it's not always the exact same face. The moon rotates once on its own axis during each 27-day journey around the Earth. But as the moon makes its elliptical orbit, its velocity varies and alters that synchronicity, causing our perspective of the \"light side\" to appear at slightly different angles throughout any given month. In short, the moon wobbles. At least, it does to our eyes. A casual glance skyward won't reveal this, but when a full month of lunar views gets compressed into 12 seconds, as in the visualization below, it's impossible to miss. This rocking like a ship at sea is called libration, from the Latin for balance scale. Instead of just one side, we actually see about 59 percent of the lunar surface over the course of an orbit. The sped up view also reveals how the apparent size of the moon changes in the sky depending on where it is in its elliptical orbit. Its farthest point, the apogee, and nearest point, perigee, differ by more than 10 percent. Watch in the visualization below just how much the moon's face, from a Northern Hemisphere perspective, has wobbled throughout this year. || ", "hits": 655 }, { "id": 10840, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10840/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-10-18T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Tour Of The Cryosphere", "description": "Water doesn't flow here; it freezes. Snow falls often, and if it melts it is likely to freeze again and add to the accumulation of ice that can date back thousands of millennia. If you can see the ground, it is frozen. If you cannot see the ground, it could be sitting under ice miles thick, like in Antarctica. This is the cryosphere, those regions of Earth from the North and South poles to mountain ranges near the Equator where water is found in solid form. The cryosphere covers many landscapes, but remains dominated by the polar regions. A cover of floating sea ice cracks, shrinks and expands constantly over the Arctic. Sheets of ice cover the bases of mountain ranges and cling to craggy bedrock in Antarctica and Greenland—the two ice sheets alone account for 90 percent of the fresh water on the planet. These regions of the cryosphere are important to scientists because they regulate global climate and are seeing more dramatic climate-driven changes than other regions. The Arctic is warming faster than any spot on Earth while receding and accelerating glaciers in Antarctica and Greenland raise the concern of sea level rise. Watch in the narrated tour below how NASA uses its satellite fleet to observe the remote reaches of the cryosphere. || ", "hits": 53 }, { "id": 10829, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10829/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-10-06T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "27 Storms: Arlene To Zeta", "description": "By the numbers the 2005 Atlantic tropical storm season was unlike any other: A total 27 tropical storms, including 15 hurricanes, made it a record-breaking year. The season also gave rise to Katrina, one of the most intense and costliest hurricanes that resulted in 1,200 deaths and more than $100 billion in damages. The unusually high frequency and strength of these tropical storms were linked to favorable development conditions observed in the ocean and atmosphere between the Caribbean Sea and west coast of Africa where they form. Easterly winds blowing off the African continent seeded the Atlantic with a large number of proto-hurricanes—swirling air masses that grow over tropical waters. Ideal open ocean wind patterns on the surface and high above permitted storm clouds to easily mature into vigorous convective cells—the building blocks of hurricanes. Warmer ocean surface waters slightly above their 80 degrees Fahrenheit average further strengthened the storms and sent the spinning hurricanes into overdrive. The visualization below tracks the paths of all 27 tropical storms that made up this historical year. || ", "hits": 48 }, { "id": 3810, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3810/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-06-13T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "Moon Phase and Libration, 2011", "description": " || The data in the table for the entire year can be downloaded as a JSON file or as a text file. || moon.0001.jpg (730x730) [36.2 KB] || moon.0001.tif (1920x1080) [852.2 KB] || ", "hits": 570 }, { "id": 10646, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10646/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-09-16T14:46:00-04:00", "title": "Counting Craters on the Moon - Narrated", "description": "Some areas of the Moon have more craters than others. The number of large versus small craters also varies across the surface. A census of the crater population can tell scientists the relative ages of different parts of the surface and reveal information about the make-up of the early solar system.Such a census has been compiled from the elevation data being sent back by the LOLA instrument on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. It comprises over 5000 craters larger than 20 kilometers in diameter. Some conclusions drawn from an analysis of this crater catalog by members of the LOLA team are described in the September 17, 2010 issue of the journal Science.This animation illustrates the process of systematically counting craters. Craters larger than 20 kilometers in diameter light up to show color-coded elevation. Some areas, such as the maria and the Orientale basin, are notably sparse, implying that these areas are younger. The processes that formed them erased the record of older impacts visible elsewhere on the Moon. || ", "hits": 88 }, { "id": 3662, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3662/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-09-16T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "Counting Craters on the Moon", "description": "Craters light up in an east to west (Tranquillitatis toward Orientale) sweep around the Moon.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || crater_count.0900.jpg (1280x720) [160.5 KB] || crater_count.0900_web.png (320x180) [52.4 KB] || crater_count.0900_thm.png (80x40) [4.2 KB] || crater_count.mp4 (1280x720) [6.4 MB] || crater_count_720p.m2v (1280x720) [53.8 MB] || 1280x720_16x9_30p (1280x720) [64.0 KB] || crater_count.webmhd.webm (960x540) [6.8 MB] || crater_count_cbar_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [8.3 MB] || crater_count_512x288.m1v (512x288) [9.8 MB] || a003662_320.m1v (320x180) [4.0 MB] || ", "hits": 369 }, { "id": 3773, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3773/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-07-28T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Towers In The Tempest", "description": "Massive accumulations of heat pulled from the top layers of tropical ocean water and set spinning due to planetary rotation form a hurricane's spiraling vortex. But powering the inside of these storms we find one of nature's most astounding natural engines: hot towers. Scientists discovered hot towers in recent years by observing storms from space and creating advanced supercomputer models to decipher how a hurricane sustains its winding movement. The models show that when air spirals inward toward the eye of a hurricane it collides with an unstable region of air at the eyewall, where the strongest winds are found, and suddenly deflects upwards. This rush of warm, moist air is accelerated by surrounding patches of convective clouds, called hot towers, which strengthen and propel the hurricane by keeping the vertical ring of clouds in motion. Watch the first video below as NASA researchers look under the hood of these cloud super-engines to reveal exciting findings about a hurricane's internal motor. || ", "hits": 76 }, { "id": 3731, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3731/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-06-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "LOLA: Lunar Topography in Natural Color", "description": "This animation is a brief tour of several prominent features of the Moon's terrain: Tycho crater, the south pole, and the South Pole-Aitken basin. It is match-moved to a companion piece showing the terrain elevations in false color.This is an update of animation 3594, which was produced before the launch of Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Except for the Tycho crater inset, the elevation map in this updated version is based entirely on early results of the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter onboard LRO.The surface appearance is derived from photographs taken by the Clementine spacecraft. Although it shows the visible surface in natural color, this animation does not depict realistic sunlight and shadows. This is especially significant near the poles, where certain parts of the terrain can be in permanent shadow and would never be fully visible in the manner depicted here. || ", "hits": 261 }, { "id": 3727, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3727/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-06-11T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "LOLA Lunar Topography in False Color", "description": "This animation is a brief tour of several prominent features of the Moon's terrain: Tycho crater, the south pole, and the South Pole-Aitken basin. The height of the terrain is color-coded, with blues and greens representing low altitudes and reds representing high altitudes. The view is match-moved to a companion piece showing the Moon in natural colors.This is an update of animation 3582, which was produced before the launch of Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Except for the Tycho crater inset, the elevation map in this updated version is based entirely on early results of the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter onboard LRO. These results already represent a substantial improvement in our knowledge of the Moon's topography. || ", "hits": 163 }, { "id": 3690, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3690/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-03-28T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Releases Data to the Planetary Data System", "description": "On March 15, 2010, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) released its first installment of scientific data to NASA's public archive for planetary data, the Planetary Data System (PDS). This animation highlights several of the datasets made available through the PDS by the LOLA, LEND, and Diviner instruments on LRO. || ", "hits": 117 }, { "id": 3686, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3686/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-03-15T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "LRO/LOLA Lunar South Pole Flyover", "description": "The Lunar Reconnaissance Oribiter (LRO) was launched on June 18, 2009. Its mission is to map the moon's surface, find safe landing sites, locate potential resources, characterize the radiation environment, and demonstrate new technology. One of the instruments on board is the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) which measures landing site slopes, lunar surface roughness, and has begun generation of a high resolution 3D map of the Moon.This visualization uses Clementine data for the global view of the moon, but then transitions to using only LRO/LOLA DEM with a neutral gray texture when flying around the lunar south pole. The DEM by itself creates an amazingly realistic view of the lunar southpole. As better maps are created from the other instruments aboard LRO, an even clearer picture of the moon will emerge.Please note that this visualization is match-frame rendered to The Moon's South Pole in 3D via LRO/LOLA First Light Data (#3633). || ", "hits": 121 }, { "id": 10574, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10574/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-02-22T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Piecing Together the Temperature Puzzle", "description": "The decade from 2000 to 2009 was the warmest in the modern record. \"Piecing Together the Temperature Puzzle\" illustrates how NASA satellites enable us to study possible causes of climate change. The video explains what role fluctuations in the solar cycle, changes in snow and cloud cover, and rising levels of heat-trapping gases may play in contributing to climate change. For complete transcript, click here. || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres.01252_print.jpg (1024x576) [113.2 KB] || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres_web.png (320x180) [207.8 KB] || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres_thm.png (80x40) [16.9 KB] || Temperature_Puzzle_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [83.9 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres.mov (1280x720) [166.2 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_AppleTV.m4v (960x720) [211.4 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle__Youtube.mov (1280x720) [87.7 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_iPod_small.m4v (640x360) [67.9 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_iPod_large.m4v (320x180) [27.9 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_svs.mpg (512x288) [136.6 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_portal.wmv (346x260) [38.8 MB] || ", "hits": 172 }, { "id": 10503, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10503/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-10-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Melting Ice, Rising Seas", "description": "Sea level rise is an indicator that our planet is warming. Much of the world's population lives on or near the coast, and rising seas are something worth watching. Sea level can rise for two reasons, both linked to a warming planet. When ice on land, such as mountain glaciers or the ice sheets of Greenland or Antarctica, melt, that water contributes to sea level rise. And when our oceans get warmer - another indicator of climate change - the water expands, also making sea level higher. Using satellites, lasers, and radar in space, and dedicated researchers on the ground, NASA is studying the Earth's ice and water to better understand how sea level rise might affect us all.For complete transcript, click here. || Melting_Seas_ipod_640x480.03027_print.jpg (1024x576) [80.7 KB] || Melting_Seas_ipod_640x480_web.png (320x180) [156.6 KB] || Melting_Seas_ipod_640x480_thm.png (80x40) [16.6 KB] || Melting_Seas_appletv_1280x720.webmhd.webm (960x540) [67.9 MB] || Melting_Seas_H264_1280x720_30fps.mov (1280x720) [128.9 MB] || Melting_Seas_1280x720.mp4 (1280x720) [125.1 MB] || Melting_Seas_broll_prores.mov (1280x720) [4.4 GB] || Melting_Seas_youtube_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [69.1 MB] || Melting_Seas_appletv_1280x720.m4v (960x540) [160.0 MB] || Melting_Seas_ipod_640x480.m4v (640x360) [49.7 MB] || Melting_Seas_ipod_320x240.m4v (320x180) [21.1 MB] || Rising_Seas.wmv (346x260) [38.5 MB] || ", "hits": 96 }, { "id": 3654, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3654/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-09T13:35:00-04:00", "title": "Modeling the LCROSS Impact Site", "description": "A two-ton Atlas Centaur rocket body, part of the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), struck the floor of Cabeus crater, near the south pole of the moon, at 11:31 UT on October 9, 2009. The purpose of the crash was to create a plume of debris that could be examined for the presence of water and other chemicals in the lunar regolith. The effects of the impact were captured by sensors onboard a shepherding satellite travelling four minutes behind the Centaur. They were also watched by Earth-based observatories and several Earth-orbiting satellites, including the Hubble Space Telescope.The images here were created in the weeks prior to the impact. They visualize the viewing angle, terrain, and shadows around the target crater at the time of the impact. Astronomers in New Mexico, Arizona, California, and Hawaii used them as visual reference while guiding their telescopes. LCROSS project scientists also used these and similar images to evaluate a number of potential impact locations.Using the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's DE421 ephemeris and early terrain data from Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter's laser altimeter, the artist was able to accurately depict the sunlight direction, shadows, moon orientation, terrain, and field of view for several representative observing locations on the Earth. || ", "hits": 102 }, { "id": 3633, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3633/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-09-16T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Moon's South Pole in 3D via LRO/LOLA First Light Data", "description": "The Lunar Reconnaissance Oribiter (LRO) was launched on June 18, 2009. Its mission is to map the moon's surface, find safe landing sites, locate potential resources, characterize the radiation environment, and demonstrate new technology. One of the instruments on board is the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) which measures landing site slopes, lunar surface roughness, and has begun generation of a high resolution 3D map of the Moon. The animation depicted here is the beginning of LOLA's mapping project and shows the lunar south pole through digital elevation map data collected by the LOLA instrument during the spacecraft commissioning phase. During the commissioning phase, LRO was in a highly elliptical orbit coming closer to the lunar south pole than the north pole. Furthermore, since LOLA uses laser pulses to measure the surface, the accuracy of its measurements are greatly affected by the instrument's distance to the surface. This is why there is virtually no data of the lunar north pole, and much better coverage of the south pole. The topographic data shown here is currently processed to show at approximately 30 meters per pixel.The colors in this animation depict the relative heights of the lunar surface with respect to the surface mean. Warm colors (brown, red, magenta, and tan) indicate areas above the mean. Cooler colors (green, cyan, blue, and violet) are areas below the mean. || ", "hits": 212 }, { "id": 3619, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3619/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-09-01T18:00:00-04:00", "title": "A Tour of the Cryosphere 2009", "description": "The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. In these regions, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of each year. Since ice and snow exist relatively close to their melting point, they frequently change from solid to liquid and back again due to fluctuations in surface temperature. Although direct measurements of the cryosphere can be difficult to obtain due to the remote locations of many of these areas, using satellite observations scientists monitor changes in the global and regional climate by observing how regions of the Earth's cryosphere shrink and expand.This animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The animation begins in Antarctica, showing some unique features of the Antarctic landscape found nowhere else on earth. Ice shelves, ice streams, glaciers, and the formation of massive icebergs can be seen clearly in the flyover of the Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica. A time series shows the movement of iceberg B15A, an iceberg 295 kilometers in length which broke off of the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Moving farther along the coastline, a time series of the Larsen ice shelf shows the collapse of over 3,200 square kilometers ice since January 2002. As we depart from the Antarctic, we see the seasonal change of sea ice and how it nearly doubles the apparent area of the continent during the winter.From Antarctica, the animation travels over South America showing glacier locations on this mostly tropical continent. We then move further north to observe daily changes in snow cover over the North American continent. The clouds show winter storms moving across the United States and Canada, leaving trails of snow cover behind. In a close-up view of the western US, we compare the difference in land cover between two years: 2003 when the region received a normal amount of snow and 2002 when little snow was accumulated. The difference in the surrounding vegetation due to the lack of spring melt water from the mountain snow pack is evident.As the animation moves from the western US to the Arctic region, the areas affected by permafrost are visible. As time marches forward from March to September, the daily snow and sea ice recede and reveal the vast areas of permafrost surrounding the Arctic Ocean.The animation shows a one-year cycle of Arctic sea ice followed by the mean September minimum sea ice for each year from 1979 through 2008. The superimposed graph of the area of Arctic sea ice at this minimum clearly shows the dramatic decrease in Artic sea ice over the last few years.While moving from the Arctic to Greenland, the animation shows the constant motion of the Arctic polar ice using daily measures of sea ice activity. Sea ice flows from the Arctic into Baffin Bay as the seasonal ice expands southward. As we draw close to the Greenland coast, the animation shows the recent changes in the Jakobshavn glacier. Although Jakobshavn receded only slightly from 1964 to 2001, the animation shows significant recession from 2001 through 2009. As the animation pulls out from Jakobshavn, the effect of the increased flow rate of Greenland costal glaciers is shown by the thinning ice shelf regions near the Greenland coast.This animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website.Note: This animation is an update of the animation 'A Short Tour of the Cryosphere', which is itself an abridged version of the animation 'A Tour of the Cryosphere'. The popularity of the earlier animations and their continuing relevance prompted us to update the datasets in parts of the animation and to remake it in high definition. In certain cases, our experiences in using the earlier work have led us to tweak the presentation of some of the material to make it clearer. Our thanks to Dr. Robert Bindschadler for suggesting and supporting this remake. || ", "hits": 35 }, { "id": 3620, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3620/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-07-16T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Apollo Landing Sites, with Shadows", "description": "The six Apollo lunar landing sites are all relatively near the equator on the side of the Moon that faces the Earth. Left behind at each site is the lower half of the Lunar Module, called the descent stage. It carried most of the astronauts' supplies and served as the launchpad for their return trip to the Command and Service Module in orbit around the Moon.LROC, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera, will have a number of opportunities to photograph the Apollo landing sites. Despite the excellent half-meter resolution of LROC's narrow angle cameras, the LM descent stage at each site can fill only a few pixels of these images. If photographed when the Sun is low in the lunar sky, however, the long shadow formed by the descent stage is easily discernable.This brief animation shows the locations of the Apollo landing sites, with lengthening shadows as each site approaches lunar nightfall. The lighting simulates the angle of the Sun during the second week of July, 2009, when LROC took its first images of the sites. The gold LM markers are about 20,000 times actual size. || ", "hits": 264 }, { "id": 3453, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3453/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-06-07T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "LRO Ground Track - One Sidereal Month", "description": "A satellite's ground track shows the path of its orbit on the surface of the parent body. Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter will be placed in a nearly circular polar orbit about 50 kilometers (31 miles) above the surface of the Moon, completing each orbit in a little less than two hours. The orientation of this orbit remains fixed in space, relative to the stars, while the Moon slowly rotates beneath it as they travel together around the Earth, allowing LRO to scan the entire surface of the Moon every two weeks.The animation depicts LRO's ground track over a period of 27.3 days (348 orbits) or one sidereal month, the amount of time it takes the Moon to turn once on its axis, relative to the stars. This is two days shorter than the synodic month, the period of the Moon's phases. The difference arises from the motion of the Earth. While the Moon is orbiting the Earth, the Earth is carrying them both around the Sun, changing the Sun's direction relative to the stars.Each LRO orbit is separated from the previous one by about one degree of longitude. On the Moon's surface near the equator, this corresponds to a spacing of 30 kilometers (19 miles), but the orbits converge near the poles; at 84 degrees N or S latitude, the ground distance is only 10% of the distance at the equator. At all latitudes, later LRO orbits will fill in the gaps left by earlier ones. Orbits in the latter half of the month depicted in this animation are seen to form a cross-hatch pattern that begins to fill in the gaps left during the first half of the month.The points at which the orbits cross provide an opportunity to refine our knowledge of LRO's precise position. LOLA, the LRO instrument that maps the lunar terrain by measuring surface elevation, should get the same reading for these crossing points each time it passes over them. If it doesn't, then LRO might not really be at a crossing point, meaning that its actual position differs slightly from its predicted position.The elevation map comprises low-resolution data from a number of sources, including the Clementine and JAXA/SELENE spacecraft, combined with high-resolution insets for the regions near the poles. The surface color is derived from photographs taken by Clementine. || ", "hits": 208 }, { "id": 3577, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3577/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-05-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Permanent Shadows on the Moon", "description": "As the Earth and Moon orbit around the Sun, there are places on the Moon that never receive direct sunlight. Most of these permanently shadowed regions are at the lunar poles. This animation approximates the permanently shadowned regions pertaining to the Moon's south pole by maintaining a maximum sun angle to the surface of 1.5 degrees. These permanently shadowed areas are of interest because they could hold water ice. (NOTE: South Pole Digital Elevation Maps [DEM] based on publically released JAXA/Selene data.) || ", "hits": 447 }, { "id": 3576, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3576/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-05-08T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "LRO Ground Track", "description": "A satellite's ground track shows the path of its orbit on the surface of the parent body. Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter will be placed in a nearly circular polar orbit about 50 kilometers (31 miles) above the surface of the Moon, completing each orbit in a little less than two hours. The orientation of this orbit remains fixed in space, relative to the stars, while the Moon slowly rotates beneath it as they travel together around the Earth, allowing LRO to scan the entire surface of the Moon every two weeks.As this animation shows, the density of the ground coverage provided by a polar orbit is greatest at the poles. For the Moon, this is also where a great deal of current interest lies, since permanently shadowed areas at the poles may harbor water ice. This is also where some high-altitude areas are in gentle but perennial sunlight, providing the lighting and power supply for extended human exploration.The animation depicts LRO's ground track over a period of seven days (89 orbits). The elevation map comprises low-resolution data from a number of sources, including the Clementine and JAXA/SELENE spacecraft, combined with high-resolution insets for the regions near the poles. The surface color is derived from photographs taken by Clementine. || ", "hits": 243 }, { "id": 3582, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3582/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-04-17T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Lunar Topography in False Color", "description": "An updated version of this animation is available here.This animation is a brief tour of several prominent features of the Moon's terrain: Tycho crater, the south pole, and the South Pole-Aitken basin. The height of the terrain is color-coded, with blues and greens representing low altitudes and reds representing high altitudes. The view is match-moved to a companion piece showing the Moon in natural colors.The elevation map comprises low-resolution data from a number of sources, including the Clementine and JAXA/SELENE spacecraft, combined with high-resolution insets for Tycho and the region near the south pole. One of the goals of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission is the creation of a high-resolution elevation map of the entire surface of the Moon. || ", "hits": 92 }, { "id": 3594, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3594/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-04-17T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Lunar Topography in Natural Color", "description": "An updated version of this animation is available here.This animation is a brief tour of several prominent features of the Moon's terrain: Tycho crater, the south pole, and the South Pole-Aitken basin. It is match-moved to a companion piece showing the terrain elevations in false color.The surface appearance is derived from photographs taken by the Clementine spacecraft. Although it shows the visible surface in natural color, this animation does not depict realistic sunlight and shadows. This is especially significant near the poles, where certain parts of the terrain can be in permanent shadow and would never be fully visible in the manner depicted here. || ", "hits": 191 }, { "id": 3413, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3413/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Towers in the Tempest", "description": "This visualization won Honorable Mention in the National Science Foundation's Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge in September 2007. It was also shown during the SIGGRAPH 2008 Computer Animation Festival in Los Angeles, CA. 'Towers in the Tempest' is a 4.5 minute narrated animation that explains recent scientific insights into how hurricanes intensify. This intensification can be caused by a phenomenon called a 'hot tower'. For the first time, research meteorologists have run complex simulations using a very fine temporal resolution of 3 minutes. Combining this simulation data with satellite observations enables detailed study of 'hot towers'. The science of 'hot towers' is described using: observed hurricane data from a satellite, descriptive illustrations, and volumetric visualizations of simulation data. The first section of the animation shows actual data from Hurricane Bonnie observed by NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) spacecraft. Three dimensional precipitation radar data reveal a strong 'hot tower' in Hurricane Bonnie's internal structure. The second section uses illustrations to show the dynamics of a hurricane and the formation of 'hot towers'. 'Hot towers' are formed as air spirals inward towards the eye and is forced rapidly upwards, accelerating the movement of energy into high altitude clouds. The third section shows these processes using volumetric cloud, wind, and vorticity data from a supercomputer simulation of Hurricane Bonnie. Vertical wind speed data highlights a 'hot tower'. Arrows representing the wind field move rapidly up into the 'hot tower, boosting the energy and intensifying the hurricane. Combining satellite observations with super-computer simulations provides a powerful tool for studying Earth's complex systems. The complete script is available here . The storyboard is available here . There is also a movie of storyboard drawings with narration below. || ", "hits": 59 }, { "id": 3380, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3380/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-11-14T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Great Zoom into Chicago, IL: The Adler Planetarium", "description": "Using data from different spacecraft and some powerful computer technology, visualizers at the Goddard Space Flight Center present you with a collection of American cities in a way you have never seen them before. Starting with our camera high above the Earth, we rush in towards the surface at what would be an impossible speed for any known vehicle. Passing though layers of atmosphere, the colors of our destinations shimmer with their own unique characteristics, and suddenly we find ourselves floating in virtual space just above the Adler Planetarium. The Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum in Chicago, Illinois was built in 1930 by philanthropist Max Adler. It is located on the shore of Lake Michigan near the Shedd Aquarium, the Field Museum of Natural History, and Soldier Field. || ", "hits": 51 }, { "id": 3381, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3381/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-11-14T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Great Zoom out of Chicago, IL: The Adler Planetarium", "description": "Using data from different spacecraft and some powerful computer technology, visualizers at the Goddard Space Flight Center present you with a collection of American cities in a way you have never seen them before. Starting with our camera high above the Earth, we rush in towards the surface at what would be an impossible speed for any known vehicle. Passing though layers of atmosphere, the colors of our destinations shimmer with their own unique characteristics, and suddenly we find ourselves floating in virtual space just above the Adler Planetarium. The Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum in Chicago, Illinois was built in 1930 by philanthropist Max Adler. It is located on the shore of Lake Michigan near the Shedd Aquarium, the Field Museum of Natural History, and Soldier Field. || ", "hits": 24 }, { "id": 3354, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3354/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-05-31T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "27 Storms: Arlene to Zeta", "description": "Many records were broken during the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season including the most hurricanes ever, the most category 5 hurricanes, and the most intense hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic as measured by atmospheric pressure. This visualization shows all 27 named storms that formed in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season and examines some of the conditions that made hurricane formation so favorable.The animation begins by showing the regions of warm water that are favorable for storm development advancing northward through the peak of hurricane season and then receding as the waters cool. The thermal energy in these warm waters powers the hurricanes. Strong shearing winds in the troposphere can disrupt developing young storms, but measurements indicate that there was very little shearing wind activity in 2005 to impede storm formation.Sea surface temperatures, clouds, storm tracks, and hurricane category labels are shown as the hurricane season progresses.This visualization shows some of the actual data that NASA and NOAA satellites measured in 2005 — data used to predict the paths and intensities of hurricanes. Satellite data play a vital role in helping us understand the land, ocean, and atmosphere systems that have such dramatic effects on our lives.NOTE: This animation shows the named storms from the 2005 hurricane season. During a re-analysis of 2005, NOAA's Tropical Prediction Center/National Hurricane Center determined that a short-lived subtropcial storm developed near the Azores Islands in late September, increasing the 2005 tropical storm count from 27 to 28. This storm was not named and is not shown in this animation.'27 Storms: Arlene to Zeta' played in the SIGGRAPH 2007 Computer Animation Festival in August 2007. It was also a finalist in the 2006 NSF Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge. || ", "hits": 45 }, { "id": 3355, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3355/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-05-20T23:55:00-04:00", "title": "A Short Tour of the Cryosphere", "description": "A newer version of this animation is available here.This narrated, 5-minute animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet. This is a shorter version of a narrated, 7 1/2 minute animation entitled 'A Tour of the Cryosphere'.See the above link for a detailed description of the full animation.Two sections have been removed from the original animation: one showing a flyby of the South Pole station and glaciers feeding the Ross Ice Shelf and one showing solar data related to the Earth's energy balance.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website. || ", "hits": 39 }, { "id": 2946, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2946/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-05-15T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Europa's Synthetic Subsurface Heat Transport (Version 2)", "description": "Encounters with Jupiter's moon Europa by the Voyager and Galileo spacecraft indicated that a liquid salty ocean might exist below a layer of surface ice that is up to 10 kilometers thick. An ocean general circulation model developed to study the earth's oceans was used to investigate the tidally-forced ocean circulations on Europa. The orbit of Europa is 'gravity locked' so that the same side of Europa always faces Jupiter as is the case with the earth's moon. The icy surface of Europa heaves up and down 50 meters due to the strong tidal forces. This visualization shows the temperature changes induced from the flow fields calculated for a European ocean 50 kilometers deep. The warmest temperatures tend to be near the equator, not because of heating by the sun, but because the currents in the European ocean move the warmest waters to that location. Understanding the thermal and flow fields from these model runs will help to interpret observations from future missions to Europa such as the Jupiter's Icy Moons Orbiter mission proposed for launch in 2012. || ", "hits": 77 }, { "id": 2947, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2947/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-05-15T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Europa's Synthetic Subsurface Heat Transport (Version 1)", "description": "Under Europa's icy surface are vast extraterrestrial oceans. This conceptual animation depicts simulated heat transport of these subsurface oceans. Please note that the simulated heat transport in this animation is only conceptual and a more accurate representation can be found at animation #2946. || ", "hits": 31 }, { "id": 3181, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3181/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-12-04T23:55:00-05:00", "title": "A Tour of the Cryosphere", "description": "A new HD version of this animation is available here.Click here to go to the media download section.The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. In these regions, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of each year. Since ice and snow exist relatively close to their melting point, they frequently change from solid to liquid and back again due to fluctuations in surface temperature. Although direct measurements of the cryosphere can be difficult to obtain due to the remote locations of many of these areas, using satellite observations scientists monitor changes in the global and regional climate by observing how regions of the Earth's cryosphere shrink and expand.This animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The animation begins in Antarctica, showing ice thickness ranging from 2.7 to 4.8 kilometers thick along with swaths of polar stratospheric clouds. In a tour of this frozen continent, the animation shows some unique features of the Antarctic landscape found nowhere else on earth. Ice shelves, ice streams, glaciers, and the formation of massive icebergs can be seen. A time series shows the movement of iceberg B15A, an iceberg 295 kilometers in length which broke off of the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Moving farther along the coastline, a time series of the Larsen ice shelf shows the collapse of over 3,200 square kilometers ice since January 2002. As we depart from the Antarctic, we see the seasonal change of sea ice and how it nearly doubles the size of the continent during the winter.From Antarctica, the animation travels over South America showing areas of permafrost over this mostly tropical continent. We then move further north to observe daily changes in snow cover over the North American continent. The clouds show winter storms moving across the United States and Canada, leaving trails of snow cover behind. In a close-up view of the western US, we compare the difference in land cover between two years: 2003 when the region received a normal amount of snow and 2002 when little snow was accumulated. The difference in the surrounding vegetation due to the lack of spring melt water from the mountain snow pack is evident.As the animation moves from the western US to the Arctic region, the areas effected by permafrost are visible. In December, we see how the incoming solar radiation primarily heats the Southern Hemisphere. As time marches forward from December to June, the daily snow and sea ice recede as the incoming solar radiation moves northward to warm the Northern Hemisphere.Using satellite swaths that wrap the globe, the animation shows three types of instantaneous measurements of solar radiation observed on June 20, 2003: shortwave (reflected) radiation, longwave (thermal) radiation and net flux (showing areas of heating and cooling). Correlation between reflected radiation and clouds are evident. When the animation fades to show the monthly global average net flux, we see that the polar regions serve to cool the global climate by radiating solar energy back into space throughout the year.The animation shows a one-year cycle of the monthly average Arctic sea ice concentration followed by the mean September minimum sea ice for each year from 1979 through 2004. A red outline indicates the mean sea ice extent for September over 22 years, from 1979 to 2002. The minimum Arctic sea ice animation clearly shows how over the last 5 years the quantity of polar ice has decreased by 10 - 14% from the 22 year average.While moving from the Arctic to Greenland, the animation shows the constant motion of the Arctic polar ice using daily measures of sea ice activity. Sea ice flows from the Arctic into Baffin Bay as the seasonal ice expands southward. As we draw close to the Greenland coast, the animation shows the recent changes in the Jakobshavn glacier. Although Jakobshavn receded only slightly from 1042 to 2001, the animation shows significant recession over the past three years, from 2002 through 2004.This animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website. || ", "hits": 110 }, { "id": 3227, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3227/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-09-09T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA's Orbiting Earth Observing Fleet (Improved Background)", "description": "NASA's Earth Observing fleet of vehicles constitutes a major milestone in the history of Earth science, facilitating the kinds of wide scale and synergistic research endeavors that until the last decade have been impossible to even consider. Many of the techniques being employed around Earth are a direct offshoot of technological and scientific techniques developed on missions to other worlds. NASA's continued commitment to primary research about our home remains a top priority not only to the agency, but to the nation, and the world as a whole. This visualization shows the spacecraft in NASA's Earth Observing fleet. The relative altitudes, speeds, and sun position are correct for 12-01-2003 starting at 5:00 UTC. Aura was added as it would have appeared in orbit had it already been launched at that time. This is an HD version that uses an earth with clouds. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 3180, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3180/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-07-31T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "MODIS Daily Global Snow Cover and Sea Ice Surface Temperature as seen in the SIGGRAPH 2005 Electronic Theater", "description": "This animation showing snow cover and sea ice surface temperature in the Northern Hemisphere portrays data collected from daily MODIS satellite images acquired during the winter of 2002-2003. Darkness increases with the onset of autumn, reaching a maximum at the Winter Solstice on December 21st. Thereafter, the circle of darkness shrinks as the period of daylight increases. Daily changes in sea ice are shown as ice surface temperature, which is related to the air temperature and the concentration of the sea ice. Sea ice surface temperatures range from about -40 to -2 degrees Celsius. Here, ice surface temperatures are depicted by colors, described by a color bar shown below. The snow tracks of several winter storms across the United States can be clearly seen. With an albedo of up to 80 percent or more, snow-covered terrain reflects most of the incoming solar radiation back into space, cooling the lower atmosphere. When snow cover melts, the albedo drops suddenly to less than about 30 percent, allowing the ground to absorb more solar radiation, heating the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere. Rapid changes in albedo, resultingfrom snowfall and snow melt, cause significant changes in the regional energy balance. This animation was accepted into the prestigious 2005 SIGGRAPH Electronic Theater, where it was shown during the annual conference from July 31 through August 4, 2005 in Los Angeles, CA. For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website. || ", "hits": 30 }, { "id": 3117, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3117/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-03-10T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Great Zoom into Kodak Theater with spin (Los Angeles, CA)", "description": "Using data from different spacecraft and some powerful computer technology, visualizers at the Goddard Space Flight Center present you with a collection of American cities in a way you have never seen them before. Starting with our camera high above the Earth, we rush in towards the surface at what would be an impossible speed for any known vehicle. Passing though layers of atmosphere, the colors of our destinations shimmer with their own unique characteristics, and suddenly we find ourselves floating in virtual space just above the ground.This visualization is the first time we have incorporated topographic relief into a great zoom. This particular visualization was created at the request of ABC to use in the opening of the 2003 Academy Awards; however, due to Iraqi war coverage with zooms that appeared similar, the visualization was pulled at the last minute. This version was re-rendered for the 2005 Academy Awards to change the name on the roof back to the original 'Kodak Theatre' signage.This zoom was shown at the opening of the Academy Awards 'Red Carpet Show' at 8:00pm EST on February 27, 2005 on the ABC television network. || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 3118, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3118/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-03-10T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Great Zoom out from Kodak Theater with spin (Los Angeles, CA)", "description": "Using data from different spacecraft and some powerful computer technology, visualizers at the Goddard Space Flight Center present you with a collection of American cities in a way you have never seen them before. Starting with our camera high above the Earth, we rush in towards the surface at what would be an impossible speed for any known vehicle. Passing though layers of atmosphere, the colors of our destinations shimmer with their own unique characteristics, and suddenly we find ourselves floating in virtual space just above the ground. This visualization is the first time we have incorporated topographic relief into a great zoom.This version was re-rendered for the 2005 Academy Awards to change the name on the roof back to the original 'Kodak Theatre' signage. The 'zoom in' version of this zoom was shown at the opening of the Academy Awards 'Red Carpet Show' at 8:00pm EST on February 27, 2005 on the ABC television network. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 3116, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3116/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-03-02T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Mount St. Helens Before, During, and After (WMS)", "description": "Mount St. Helens erupted on May 18, 1980, devastating more than 150 square miles of forest in southwestern Washington state. This animation shows Landsat images of the Mount St. Helens area in 1973, 1983, and 2000, illustrating the destruction and regrowth of the forest. The 1983 image clearly shows the new crater on the northern slope where the eruption occurred, the rivers and lakes covered with ash, and the regions of deforestation. The 2000 image, taken twenty years after the eruption, still shows the changed crater, but much of the devastated area is covered by new vegetation growth. || ", "hits": 98 }, { "id": 2981, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2981/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-09-25T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Daily Snow and Sea Ice Surface Temperature", "description": "This animation shows the global advance and retreat of daily snow cover along with daily sea ice surface temperature over the Northern Hemisphere from September 2002 through May 2003. The snow cover was measured by the MODIS instrument on the Terra satellite, while the sea ice surface temperature was measured by the MODIS instrument on the Aqua satellite. Since these instruments cannot take measurements through clouds, in cloud-covered regions or areas with suspect data quality, the prior day's value is retained until a valid data reading is obtained. This visualization designates an area as covered by snow when the instrument takes a valid measurement showing greater than ~50% snow coverage in that area. This area is assumed to be snow covered until the instrument takes a valid measurement showing less than 40% snow coverage in that same area. A color bar indicates the sea ice surface temperature values. The satellite instruments are unable to collect data through darkness. The region in polar darkness is shown as a gray cap over the pole that grows and shrinks seasonally. A date slider indicates the progression of time. SeaWiFS Land Reflectance shows the seasonal changes in land cover. || ", "hits": 24 }, { "id": 2982, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2982/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-09-25T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Daily Snow and Sea Ice Temperature over the North Pole", "description": "This animation shows the global advance and retreat of daily snow cover along with daily sea ice surface temperature over the Northern Hemisphere from September 2002 through May 2003. The snow cover was measured by the MODIS instrument on the Terra satellite, while the sea ice surface temperature was measured by the MODIS instrument on the Aqua satellite. Since these instruments cannot take measurements through clouds, in cloud-covered regions or areas with suspect data quality, the prior day's value is retained until a valid data reading is obtained. This visualization designates an area as covered by snow when the instrument takes a valid measurement showing greater than ~50% snow coverage in that area. This area is assumed to be snow covered until the instrument takes a valid measurement showing less than 40% snow coverage in that same area. A color bar indicates the sea ice surface temperature values. The satellite instruments are unable to collect data through darkness. The region in polar darkness is shown as a gray cap over the pole that grows and shrinks seasonally. A date slider indicates the progression of time. SeaWiFS Land Reflectance shows the seasonal changes in land cover. || ", "hits": 43 }, { "id": 2983, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2983/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-09-25T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Daily Snow and Sea Ice Temperature over North America", "description": "This animation shows the global advance and retreat of daily snow cover along with daily sea ice surface temperature over North America from September 2002 through May 2003. The snow cover was measured by the MODIS instrument on the Terra satellite, while the sea ice surface temperature was measured by the MODIS instrument on the Aqua satellite. Since these instruments cannot take measurements through clouds, in cloud-covered regions or areas with suspect data quality, the prior day's value is retained until a valid data reading is obtained. This visualization designates an area as covered by snow when the instrument takes a valid measurement showing greater than ~50% snow coverage in that area. This area is assumed to be snow covered until the instrument takes a valid measurement showing less than 40% snow coverage in that same area. A color bar indicates the sea ice surface temperature values. The satellite instruments are unable to collect data through darkness. The region in polar darkness is shown as a gray cap over the pole that grows and shrinks seasonally. A date slider indicates the progression of time. SeaWiFS Land Reflectance shows the seasonal changes in land cover. || ", "hits": 54 }, { "id": 2984, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2984/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-09-25T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Daily Snow and Sea Ice Temperature over Europe", "description": "This animation shows the global advance and retreat of daily snow cover along with daily sea ice surface temperature over Europe from September 2002 through May 2003. The snow cover was measured by the MODIS instrument on the Terra satellite, while the sea ice surface temperature was measured by the MODIS instrument on the Aqua satellite. Since these instruments cannot take measurements through clouds, in cloud-covered regions or areas with suspect data quality, the prior day's value is retained until a valid data reading is obtained. This visualization designates an area as covered by snow when the instrument takes a valid measurement showing greater than ~50% snow coverage in that area. This area is assumed to be snow covered until the instrument takes a valid measurement showing less than 40% snow coverage in that same area. A color bar indicates the sea ice surface temperature values. The satellite instruments are unable to collect data through darkness. The region in polar darkness is shown as a gray cap over the pole that grows and shrinks seasonally. A date slider indicates the progression of time. SeaWiFS Land Reflectance shows the seasonal changes in land cover. || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 2985, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2985/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-09-25T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Daily Snow and Sea Ice Temperature over Asia", "description": "This animation shows the global advance and retreat of daily snow cover along with daily sea ice surface temperature over Asia from September 2002 through May 2003. The snow cover was measured by the MODIS instrument on the Terra satellite, while the sea ice surface temperature was measured by the MODIS instrument on the Aqua satellite. Since these instruments cannot take measurements through clouds, in cloud-covered regions or areas with suspect data quality, the prior day's value is retained until a valid data reading is obtained. This visualization designates an area as covered by snow when the instrument takes a valid measurement showing greater than ~50% snow coverage in that area. This area is assumed to be snow covered until the instrument takes a valid measurement showing less than 40% snow coverage in that same area. A color bar indicates the sea ice surface temperature values. The satellite instruments are unable to collect data through darkness. The region in polar darkness is shown as a gray cap over the pole that grows and shrinks seasonally. A date slider indicates the progression of time. SeaWiFS Land Reflectance shows the seasonal changes in land cover. || ", "hits": 24 }, { "id": 2995, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2995/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-09-08T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hurricane Isabel: Under the Hood (background only)", "description": "This visualization shows NOAA/GOES infrared (IR) data of Hurricane Isabel as it makes its way across the Atlantic towards landfall. The track of Isabel is shown using a color code to indicate the storm's category: green=tropical depression, yellow=tropical storm, red=category 1, light red=category 2, purple=category 3, light purple=category4, white=category 5. This visualization is the background for animation ID 2996. || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 2996, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2996/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-09-08T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hurricane Isabel: Under the Hood (with popout boxes)", "description": "This visualization shows NOAA/GOES infrared (IR) data of Hurricane Isabel as it makes its way across the Atlantic towards landfall. The track of Isabel is shown using a color code to indicate the storm's category: green=tropical depression, yellow=tropical storm, red=category 1, light red=category 2, purple=category 3, light purple=category 4, white=category 5. The inset box on the left shows how the distribution of rainfall (circular sturctures below) and heat inside the storm (oblong structures above) fluctuated dramatically as the storm changed intensities. The warm core of the hurricane was the engine that drove the storm, allowing it to draw up energy from the ocean, gathering strength and size. The inset box to the right shows vital statistics about the hurricane including wind speed, pressure, etc. The background only of this animation (without the inset boxes) can be found under animation 2995. || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 2997, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2997/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-09-08T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hurricane Isabel: Under the Hood (PR and AMSU only)", "description": "This visualization is an inset from animation 2996. It shows how the distribution of Hurricane Isabel's rainfall (circular sturctures below) and heat inside the storm (oblong structures above) fluctuated dramatically as the storm changed intensities. The warm core of the hurricane was the engine that drove the storm, allowing it to draw up energy from the ocean, gathering strength and size. || ", "hits": 5 }, { "id": 2986, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2986/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-09-07T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hurricane Charley Progression", "description": "SeaWiFS tracks Hurricane Charley from August 9, 2004 to August 15, 2004. This animation zooms down to the Caribbean Sea where Hurricane Charley was first classified as a Tropical Depression. It ends in the Gulf of Maine where it lost its status as a Tropical Depression. It shows the SeaWiFS image from each day with the track of the eye of the storm overlaid on top of each image. Green denotes Tropical Depression status. Gold denotes Tropical Storm status. On the Saffir Simpson scale, red is hurricane category 1, orange is hurricane category 3, and purple is hurricane category 4. || ", "hits": 80 }, { "id": 2969, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2969/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-08-03T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Glaciers Spur Alaskan Earthquakes", "description": "In a new study, NASA and United States Geological Survey (USGS) scientists found that retreating glaciers in southern Alaska may be opening the way for future earthquakes. The study examined the likelihood of increased earthquake activity in southern Alaska as a result of rapidly melting glaciers. As glaciers melt they lighten the load on the Earth's crust. Tectonic plates, that are mobile pieces of the Earth's crust, can then move more freely, which increases the probability of earthquakes occurring in this region. || ", "hits": 39 }, { "id": 2968, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2968/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-08-02T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Retreating Glaciers Spur Alaskan Earthquakes", "description": "The study examined the likelihood of increased earthquake activity in southern Alaska as a result of rapidly melting glaciers. As glaciers melt they lighten the load on the Earth's crust. Tectonic plates, that are mobile pieces of the Earth's crust, can then move more freely. || ", "hits": 79 }, { "id": 2962, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2962/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-07-08T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Computer Simulations of the Martian Atmosphere Interacting with the Solar Wind", "description": "Mars possesses no significant intrinsic magnetic field. The absence of magnetic protection allows the supersonic solar wind flow to directly interact with the Martian ionosphere (an almost fully ionized region of the Mars upper atmosphere). When the velocity of the solar wind increases, the Martian ionosphere is compressed and the ionopause (a boundary layer between the ionosphere and the solar wind) is displaced to lower altitudes. The ions of planetary origin such as O+ and O2+ escape from the upper atmosphere of Mars due to solar wind induced scavenging processes. Many more planetary ions are scavenged when the solar wind velocity increases because a much larger part of the planetary atmosphere is exposed to the solar wind as the ionopause is pushed inwards towards the planetary surface. There are some indications that the solar wind flow, as well as the Sun's x-ray and extreme ultraviolet radiation, were much more intense early in solar system history. It is thought that some 3.5 billion years ago, these extreme interplanetary conditions may have caused a much larger rate of water loss from the Martian atmosphere. We estimate that the solar wind scavenging pictured here under the extreme conditions in the early solar system would have caused the loss of a 10 meter global equivalent ocean layer from Mars over the last 3.5 billion years. This loss is less than one tenth of the 156 m global equivalent ocean layer estimated to have existed on early Mars using the Mars Global Surveyor observations. Arrows represent the flow of the ions of planetary origin. The colors represent the density of the Martian ionosphere, with red as high and blue as low. || ", "hits": 97 }, { "id": 20030, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20030/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2004-06-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Explains 'Dust Bowl' Drought", "description": "Abnormal sea surface temperatures (SST) in the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean played a strong role in the 1930s dust bowl drought. Scientists used SST data acquired from old ship records to create starting conditions for the computer models. They let the model run on its own, driven only by the observed monthly global sea surface temperatures. The model was able to reconstruct the Dust Bowl drought quite closely, providing strong evidence that the Great Plains dry spell originated with abnormal sea surface temperatures. This sequence shows the warmer than normal SST (red-orange) in that the Atlantic Ocean and colder than normal SST (blues) in the Pacific Ocean, followed by a low level jet stream that shifted and weakened reducing the normal supply of moisture to the Great Plains. || ", "hits": 68 }, { "id": 2954, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2954/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-06-16T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Isabel's Phytoplankton Trail", "description": "SeaWiFS took the following images of Hurricane Isabel on September 13th and 18th of 2003 over the Atlantic Ocean. As the hurricane passes, it leaves behind a trail of plankton blooms, evident by the rapid change in chlorophyll amounts. The lighter blue areas in the hurricane's wake represent higher amounts of chlorophyll. || ", "hits": 9 }, { "id": 2955, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2955/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-06-16T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Isabel's Phytoplankton Trail with GOES", "description": "As Hurricane Isabel passed over the Atlantic it left a trail of phytoplankton near the ocean surface. The GOES data in this animation tracks the progression of the hurricane in 6 hour increments, while the underlying SeaWiFS data shows the chlorophyll trail on September 13th and September 18th, 2003. The lighter blue areas in the hurricane's wake represent higher amounts of chlorophyll. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 2944, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2944/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-05-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA's Orbiting Earth Observing Fleet (includes Aura in orange)", "description": "NASA's Earth Observing fleet of vehicles constitutes a major milestone in the history of Earth science, facilitating the kinds of wide scale and synergistic research endeavors that until the last decade have been impossible to even consider. Many of the techniques being employed around Earth are a direct offshoot of technological and scientific techniques developed on missions to other worlds. NASA's continued commitment to primary research about our home remains a top priority not only to the agency, but to the nation, and the world as a whole. This visualization shows the spacecraft in NASA's Earth Observing fleet. The relative altitudes, speeds, and sun position are correct for 12-01-2003 starting at 5:00 UTC. Aura was added as it would appear in orbit (if it were in orbit at this time). || ", "hits": 12 }, { "id": 2945, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2945/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-05-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA's Orbiting Earth Observing Fleet (includes Aura)", "description": "NASA's Earth Observing fleet of vehicles constitutes a major milestone in the history of Earth science, facilitating the kinds of wide scale and synergistic research endeavors that until the last decade have been impossible to even consider. Many of the techniques being employed around Earth are a direct offshoot of technological and scientific techniques developed on missions to other worlds. NASA's continued commitment to primary research about our home remains a top priority not only to the agency, but to the nation, and the world as a whole. This visualization shows the spacecraft in NASA's Earth Observing fleet. The relative altitudes, speeds, and sun position are correct for 12-01-2003 starting at 5:00 UTC. Aura was added as it would appear in orbit (if it were in orbit at this time). || ", "hits": 21 }, { "id": 2864, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2864/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-04-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth-Mars Volcano Comparisons: Final Composite", "description": "Despite the 2:1 relative size difference between Earth and Mars, the Martian volcano, Olympus Mons, still dwarfs Earth's Mauna Loa, Hawaii volcano. When measured from the ocean floor, Mauna Loa is 10km. high compared to Olympus Mons at 23km. This post-produced animation composite was created using various elements from animations #2865 through #2872. || ", "hits": 89 }, { "id": 2865, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2865/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-04-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth-Mars Volcano Comparisons: True Color Earth", "description": "Despite the 2:1 relative size difference between Earth and Mars, the Martian volcano, Olympus Mons, still dwarfs Earth's Mauna Loa, Hawaii volcano. When measured from the ocean floor, Mauna Loa is 10km. high compared to Olympus Mons at 23km. This animation is one element of the Earth-Mars comparison, showing Earth in its true color beauty. This animation is match-framed to animations #2864 through #2872. || ", "hits": 34 }, { "id": 2866, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2866/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-04-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth-Mars Volcano Comparisons: Earth with Elevation Color Map", "description": "Despite the 2:1 relative size difference between Earth and Mars, the Martian volcano, Olympus Mons, dwarfs Earth's Mauna Loa, Hawaii volcano. When measured from the ocean floor, Mauna Loa is approximately 10km. high compared to Olympus Mons at 23km. This animation is one element of the Earth-Mars comparison, showing a bare Earth (no oceans) via an elevation color map. This color map is the same one used to map Mars in Animation #2868. Instead of using sea level as zero (i.e., yellow) we use Earth's mean elevation which is approximately 1 km. below sea level. We then map the higher elevations in greens, reds, and white at the highest peaks, and blue and purple are used for the low lying areas. This animation is match-framed to animations #2864 through #2872. || ", "hits": 65 }, { "id": 2867, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2867/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-04-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth-Mars Volcano Comparisons: Elevation color-mapped Earth with True Color Land", "description": "Despite the 2:1 relative size difference between Earth and Mars, the Martian volcano, Olympus Mons, dwarfs Earth's Mauna Loa, Hawaii volcano. When measured from the ocean floor, Mauna Loa is approximately 10km. high compared to Olympus Mons at 23km. This animation is one element of the Earth-Mars comparison. It shows ocean bathymetry via an elevation color map (greens, blues, and purples indicate deeper ocean depths respectively) along with true color land (everything above sea level). This animation is match-framed to animations #2864 through #2872. || ", "hits": 92 }, { "id": 2868, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2868/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-04-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth-Mars Volcano Comparisons: True Color Mars", "description": "Despite the 2:1 relative size difference between Earth and Mars, the Martian volcano, Olympus Mons, dwarfs Earth's Mauna Loa, Hawaii volcano. When measured from the ocean floor, Mauna Loa is approximately 10km. high compared to Olympus Mons at 23km. This animation is one element of the Earth-Mars comparison, showing Mars in it's true color beauty. The beginning of this animation is match-framed to animations #2864 through #2872. || ", "hits": 55 }, { "id": 2869, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2869/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-04-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth-Mars Volcano Comparisons: Elevation Color-Mapped Mars", "description": "Despite the 2:1 relative size difference between Earth and Mars, the Martian volcano, Olympus Mons, dwarfs Earth's Mauna Loa, Hawaii volcano. When measured from the ocean floor, Mauna Loa is approximately 10km. high compared to Olympus Mons at 23km. This animation is one element of the Earth-Mars comparison. It shows Mars' differing terrain via an elevation color map. Yellow indicates the mean elevation. Green, blue, and purple are low lying areas. Red, brown, and white are the highest elevations. This animation is match-framed to animations #2864 through #2872 and uses the same color map as animation #2866. || ", "hits": 341 }, { "id": 2870, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2870/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-04-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth-Mars Volcano Comparisons: True Color Olympus Mons over Elevation Color-Mapped Earth Bathymetry with True Color Land Features", "description": "Despite the 2:1 relative size difference between Earth and Mars, the Martian volcano, Olympus Mons, dwarfs Earth's Mauna Loa, Hawaii volcano. When measured from the ocean floor, Mauna Loa is approximately 10km. high compared to Olympus Mons at 23km. In this animation, Olympus Mons obstructs the view of Mauna Loa, but gives the viewer a good perspective of the overall size of this giant volcano. This animation is match-framed to animations #2864 through #2872. || ", "hits": 120 }, { "id": 2871, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2871/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-04-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth-Mars Volcano Comparisons: Transparent Olympus Mons over Elevation Color-Mapped Earth with True Color Land", "description": "Despite the 2:1 relative size difference between Earth and Mars, the Martian volcano, Olympus Mons, dwarfs Earth's Mauna Loa, Hawaii volcano. When measured from the ocean floor, Mauna Loa is approximately 10km. high compared to Olympus Mons at 23km. In this animation, a transparent Olympus Mons is juxtaposed over Mauna Loa, allowing the viewer to better see the size differences between these land masses. This animation is match-framed to animations #2864 through #2872. || ", "hits": 91 }, { "id": 2872, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2872/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-04-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth-Mars Volcano Comparisons: Mars Inside a Transparent Earth", "description": "Despite the 2:1 relative size difference between Earth and Mars, the Martian volcano, Olympus Mons, dwarfs Earth's Mauna Loa, Hawaii volcano. When measured from the ocean floor, Mauna Loa is approximately 10km. high compared to Olympus Mons at 23km. This animation not only shows the relative size differences between Mauna Loa and Olympus Mons, but also shows the size difference between these 2 planets. The equatorial radius of Mars is approximately 3397 km. compared to Earth's equatorial radius of 6378.1 km. This animation is match-framed to animations #2864 through #2872. || ", "hits": 47 }, { "id": 2873, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2873/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-04-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Great Zoom into Don Juan Pond, Antarctica (treatment #1)", "description": "Antarctica is the coldest and most remote continent on Earth. It is also home to one of the most Mars-like places that scientists can study without actually traveling to the fourth planet. In this sequence we plunge from space down to a remarkably detailed view of a unique part of the Dry Valleys. By studying this place researchers think they might gain insight into how life on Mars might either survive now or have developed in the past. It is called the Don Juan Pond, and it's one of the saltiest, coldest bodies of water on Earth.The zoom passes through four different resolution data sets including data from Terra, Landsat, and IKONOS. || ", "hits": 16 }, { "id": 2874, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2874/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-04-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Great Zoom into Don Juan Pond, Antarctica (treatment #2)", "description": "Antarctica is the coldest and most remote continent on Earth. It is also home to one of the most Mars-like places that scientists can study without actually traveling to the fourth planet. In this sequence we plunge from space down to a remarkably detailed view of a unique part of the Dry Valleys. By studying this place researchers think they might gain insight into how life on Mars might either survive now or have developed in the past. It is called the Don Juan Pond, and it's one of the saltiest, coldest bodies of water on Earth.The zoom passes through four different resolution data sets including data from Terra, Landsat, and IKONOS. This treatment uses an IKONOS inset that's enhanced to show detail. || ", "hits": 96 }, { "id": 2875, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2875/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-04-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Great Zoom into Don Juan Pond, Antarctica (treatment #2 North)", "description": "Antarctica is the coldest and most remote continent on Earth. It is also home to one of the most Mars-like places that scientists can study without actually traveling to the fourth planet. In this sequence we plunge from space down to a remarkably detailed view of a unique part of the Dry Valleys. By studying this place researchers think they might gain insight into how life on Mars might either survive now or have developed in the past. It is called the Don Juan Pond, and its one of the saltiest, coldest bodies of water on Earth. Treatment #2 uses an IKONOS inset that's enhanced to show detail. This portion of the visualization is intended to follow Great Zoom into Don Juan Pond, Antarctica (treatment #2 - found in animation 2874) and moves in close to traverses the top edge of the valley surrounding it. We see the crinkled folds and dug out rivulets and gullies eroded into the landscape. These gullies are similar to features on Mars that have been photographed by orbiting spacecraft. They serve as signs of surface erosion and are analogous to the kinds of tell-tales that Mars experts are want to study more thoroughly for signs of a wetter Martian past. || ", "hits": 20 }, { "id": 2876, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2876/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-04-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Great Zoom into Don Juan Pond, Antarctica (Treatment #2 South)", "description": "Antarctica is the coldest and most remote continent on Earth. It is also home to one of the most Mars-like places that scientists can study without actually traveling to the fourth planet. In this sequence we plunge from space down to a remarkably detailed view of a unique part of the Dry Valleys. By studying this place, researchers think they might gain insight into how life on Mars might either survive now or have developed in the past. This place is called the Don Juan Pond, and it's one of the saltiest, coldest bodies of water on Earth. Treatment #2 uses an IKONOS inset that's enhanced to show detail. This portion of the visualization is intended to follow animation 2874, 'Great Zoom into Don Juan Pond, Antarctica (treatment #2)' and moves in close to circumnavigate a portion of the lower edge of the valley. Textured, folded gully formations appear in the rocky surface. Then the camera slides down the valley slope and stops above the actual pond of sub-freezing water at the base. || ", "hits": 25 }, { "id": 2881, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2881/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-04-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA's Orbiting Earth Observing Fleet", "description": "While NASA is actively exploring Mars with new landers and orbiters, it's exciting to consider that it already maintains a powerful and diverse fleet around the Earth. NASA's Earth Observing fleet of vehicles constitutes a major milestone in the history of Earth science, facilitating the kinds of wide scale and synergistic research endeavors that until the last decade have been impossible to even consider. Many of the techniques being employed around Earth are a direct offshoot of technological and scientific techniques developed on missions to other worlds. As the Red planet looms large in our view screens, we reflect that NASA's continued commitment to primary research about our home remains a top priority not only to the agency, but to the nation, and the world as a whole. This visualization shows the spacecraft in NASA's Earth Observing fleet. The relative altitudes, speeds, and sun position are correct for 12-01-2003 starting at 5:00 UTC. || ", "hits": 17 }, { "id": 2880, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2880/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-04-01T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Great Zoom into Distributary Fan, Mars", "description": "This is a Great Zoom into the so-called Distributary Fan on Mars. It is located just northeast of Holden Crater. As seen from Martian orbit by the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) flying on the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft, this dramatic visualization shows us where liquid water likely flowed across the Martian surface sometime in the planet's past. || ", "hits": 55 }, { "id": 2917, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2917/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-02-20T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "SORCE Monitors Solar Variability during Record Solar Flares", "description": "The SORCE mission monitors solar variability to determine its impact on the Earth's climate. The X-ray photometer aboard SORCE observes the record-breaking solar flares in the Fall of 2003. The line graph shows the photometer's measured solar radiation flux in the 1-7 nanometer wavelength band (x-ray) measured in milliwatts per square meter. The ultraviolet (195 angstrom) imagery from SOHO/EIT (green) illustrates where the flares (the bright white spots) are located on the solar disk. || ", "hits": 21 }, { "id": 2918, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2918/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-02-20T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "SORCE Monitors Solar Variability during Record Solar Flares - Video version", "description": "The SORCE mission monitors solar variability to determine its impact on the Earth's climate. The X-ray photometer aboard SORCE observes the record-breaking solar flares in the Fall of 2003. The line graph shows the photometer's measured solar radiation flux in the 1-7 nanometer wavelength band (x-ray) measured in milliwatts per square meter. The ultraviolet (195 angstrom) imagery from SOHO/EIT (green) illustrates where the flares (the bright white spots) are located on the solar disk. This version has the contents slightly smaller for use in video. || ", "hits": 61 }, { "id": 2911, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2911/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-02-13T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Urbanization around the Pearl River Estuary in China from 1973 through 2001 (WMS)", "description": "The region around the Pearl River Estuary in southern China experienced rapid urban growth in the 1980s and 1990s. This growth was spurred by the establishment of special government economic zones, particularly in Shenzhen, just to the east of the estuary. Urban areas increased by more than 300% between 1988 and 1996. This growth can be directly assessed by remote sensing measurements from space, particularly by comparing images from the Landsat sensors for the last thirty years. This animation shows nine such images in sequence, from the years 1973, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1988, 1992, 1995, 2000, and 2001. || ", "hits": 38 }, { "id": 2913, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2913/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-02-13T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Life Returns to the Galapagos after El Niño (WMS)", "description": "During the El Niño in 1997 and 1998, the surface water in the eastern equatorial Pacific off the coast of South America was warmer than normal. This warm water trapped the ocean nutrients that normally come to the surface in the upwelling cold water, leading to a drastic decrease in phytonplankton and other ocean life in the region. The unique Galapagos ecosystem was severely affected and many species, including sea lions, seabirds, and barracudas, suffered a very high mortality level. During the second week of May, 1998, the ocean temperatures plummeted 10 degrees in one day, and the ocean productivity exploded with large phytoplankton blooms. After this time, many species recovered very rapidly and the land species started to reproduce immediately. The SeaWiFS instrument, which monitors global phytoplankton in the oceans by measuring the color of reflected light, caught this dramatic recovery. This visualization shws images from SeaWiFS starting on May 10, 1998 and ending on May 31, 1998, where ocean colors of blue or purple represents little or no ocean life and colors or yellow and red indicate significant ocean productivity. White and gray denote areas occluded by clouds in these images, and a relief image of the Galapagos Islands has been superimposed on the images to clarify the location of the islands. || ", "hits": 21 }, { "id": 2897, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2897/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-02-11T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Cold Water Trails from Hurricanes Fabian and Isabel (WMS)", "description": "This visualization shows the cold water trails left first by Hurricanes Fabian and then by Hurricane Isabel in the Atlantic Ocean from August 27, 2003 through September 23, 2003. The colors on the ocean represent the sea surface temperatures, and satellite images of the hurricane clouds are laid over the temperatures to clearly show the hurricane positions. Orange and red depict regions that are 82 degrees F and higher, where the ocean is warm enough for hurricanes to form. Hurricane winds are sustained by the heat energy of the ocean, so the ocean is cooled as the hurricane passes and the energy is extracted to power the winds. A hurricane can experience a dramatic reduction in wind speed when it crosses the cold track of a previous hurricane. However, in this case, the cold water track from Fabian warmed up before Isabel crossed it, so Isabel's winds did not decrease. The sea surface temperatures were measured by the AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite, while the cloud images were taken by the Imager on the GOES-12 satellite. || ", "hits": 46 }, { "id": 2853, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2853/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-01-31T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Multisensor Fire Observations with Labels (HD Version)", "description": "From space, we can understand fires in ways that are impossible from the ground. New Earth-observing satellites capture the significant impact of fires on our planet. In this animation of fires around the globe in 2002, each red dot marks a new fire. Dots change color to yellow after a few days and to black when fires burn out. From brush fires in Africa to forest fires in North America, satellites are locating every significant fire on Earth to within one kilometer. In the summer and fall burning seasons, particularly destructive fires occurred in Colorado, Arizona, and Oregon. This version of the visualization displays descriptive text labels and color bars. There is a standard definition version available as well. || ", "hits": 31 }, { "id": 2854, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2854/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-01-31T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Multisensor Fire Observations without Labels (HD Version)", "description": "From space, we can understand fires in ways that are impossible from the ground. New Earth-observing satellites capture the significant impact of fires on our planet. In this animation of fires around the globe in 2002, each red dot marks a new fire. Dots change color to yellow after a few days and to black when fires burn out. From brush fires in Africa to forest fires in North America, satellites are locating every significant fire on Earth to within one kilometer. In the summer and fall burning seasons, particularly destructive fires occurred in Colorado, Arizona, and Oregon. This version of the animation displays a minimal set of labels. For a closed captioned version of this animation, see the standard definition version at animation ID 2806. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 2885, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2885/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-01-31T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Great Zoom out of Houston, Texas: Reliant Stadium (with spin)", "description": "Using data from different spacecraft and some powerful computer technology, visualizers at the Goddard Space Flight Center present you with a collection of American cities in a way you have never seen them before. Starting with our camera high above the Earth, we rush in towards the surface at what would be an impossible speed for any known vehicle. Passing though layers of atmosphere, the colors of our destinations shimmer with their own unique characteristics, and suddenly we find ourselves floating in virtual space just above the ground. Special thanks to Digital Globe and Space Imaging for providing the highest reolution data sets used. This animation was produced to accompany the NASA/Columbia tribute during the Super Bowl XXXVIII pregame show. || ", "hits": 20 }, { "id": 2886, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2886/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-01-31T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Great Zoom into Houston, Texas: Reliant Stadium (with spin)", "description": "Using data from different spacecraft and some powerful computer technology, visualizers at the Goddard Space Flight Center present you with a collection of American cities in a way you have never seen them before. Starting with our camera high above the Earth, we rush in towards the surface at what would be an impossible speed for any known vehicle. Passing though layers of atmosphere, the colors of our destinations shimmer with their own unique characteristics, and suddenly we find ourselves floating in virtual space just above the ground. Special thanks to Digital Globe and Space Imaging for providing the highest reolution data sets used. This animation was produced to accompany the NASA/Columbia tribute during the Super Bowl XXXVIII pregame show. || ", "hits": 8 }, { "id": 2887, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2887/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-01-31T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Great Zoom out of Houston, Texas: Reliant Stadium", "description": "Using data from different spacecraft and some powerful computer technology, visualizers at the Goddard Space Flight Center present you with a collection of American cities in a way you have never seen them before. Starting with our camera high above the Earth, we rush in towards the surface at what would be an impossible speed for any known vehicle. Passing though layers of atmosphere, the colors of our destinations shimmer with their own unique characteristics, and suddenly we find ourselves floating in virtual space just above the ground. Special thanks to Digital Globe and Space Imaging for providing the highest reolution data sets used. This animation was produced to accompany the NASA/Columbia tribute during the Super Bowl XXXVIII pregame show. || ", "hits": 7 }, { "id": 2888, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2888/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-01-31T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Great Zoom into Houston, Texas: Reliant Stadium", "description": "Using data from different spacecraft and some powerful computer technology, visualizers at the Goddard Space Flight Center present you with a collection of American cities in a way you have never seen them before. Starting with our camera high above the Earth, we rush in towards the surface at what would be an impossible speed for any known vehicle. Passing though layers of atmosphere, the colors of our destinations shimmer with their own unique characteristics, and suddenly we find ourselves floating in virtual space just above the ground. Special thanks to Digital Globe and Space Imaging for providing the highest reolution data sets used. This animation was produced to accompany the NASA/Columbia tribute during the Super Bowl XXXVIII pregame show. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 2731, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2731/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-01-14T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Great Zoom into the Kodak Theater (Los Angeles, CA)", "description": "Using data from different spacecraft and some powerful computer technology, visualizers at the Goddard Space Flight Center present you with a collection of American cities in a way you have never seen them before. Starting with our camera high above the Earth, we rush in towards the surface at what would be an impossible speed for any known vehicle. Passing though layers of atmosphere, the colors of our destinations shimmer with their own unique characteristics, and suddenly we find ourselves floating in virtual space just above the ground. This visualization is the first time we have incorporated topographic relief into a great zoom. This particular visualization was created at the request of ABC to use in the opening of the 2003 Academy Awards; however, due to Iraqi war coverage with zooms that appeared similar, the visualization was pulled at the last minute. There were tentative plans to use this visualization in the 2004 Academy Award coverage - but it was pulled from the lineup at the last minute due in part to the war in Iraq. || ", "hits": 8 }, { "id": 2732, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2732/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-01-14T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Great Zoom out from the Kodak Theater (Los Angeles, CA)", "description": "Using data from different spacecraft and some powerful computer technology, visualizers at the Goddard Space Flight Center present you with a collection of American cities in a way you have never seen them before. Starting with our camera high above the Earth, we rush in towards the surface at what would be an impossible speed for any known vehicle. Passing though layers of atmosphere, the colors of our destinations shimmer with their own unique characteristics, and suddenly we find ourselves floating in virtual space just above the ground. This visualization is the first time we have incorporated topographic relief into a great zoom. This particular visualization was created at the request of ABC to use in the opening of the 2003 Academy Awards; however, due to Iraqi war coverage with zooms that appeared similar, the visualization was pulled at the last minute. There were tentative plans to use this visualization in the 2004 Academy Award coverage - but it was pulled from the lineup at the last minute due in part to the war in Iraq. || ", "hits": 9 }, { "id": 2733, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2733/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-01-14T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Great Zoom into the Kodak Theater with Spin (Los Angeles, CA)", "description": "Using data from different spacecraft and some powerful computer technology, visualizers at the Goddard Space Flight Center present you with a collection of American cities in a way you have never seen them before. Starting with our camera high above the Earth, we rush in towards the surface at what would be an impossible speed for any known vehicle. Passing though layers of atmosphere, the colors of our destinations shimmer with their own unique characteristics, and suddenly we find ourselves floating in virtual space just above the ground. This visualization is the first time we have incorporated topographic relief into a great zoom. This particular visualization was created at the request of ABC to use in the opening of the 2003 Academy Awards; however, due to Iraqi war coverage with zooms that appeared similar, the visualization was pulled at the last minute. There were tentative plans to use this visualization in the 2004 Academy Award coverage - but it was pulled from the lineup at the last minute due in part to the war in Iraq. || ", "hits": 4 }, { "id": 2851, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2851/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-12-30T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Mapping Invasive Species Using MODIS Time Series Data", "description": "This video shows how remote sensing coupled with time series analysis can be used to make predictive maps for various parameters, including invasive species. || nvsv.0158_print.jpg (640x480) [34.7 KB] || a002851_pre.jpg (320x240) [4.3 KB] || a002851.webmhd.webm (960x540) [10.0 MB] || 640x480_4x3_30p (640x480) [256.0 KB] || a002851.mpg (640x480) [40.6 MB] || invasive_species.mov (480x640) [37.9 MB] || a002851_320.m1v (320x240) [11.6 MB] || ", "hits": 23 }, { "id": 2707, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2707/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-11-03T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Multisensor Fire Observations", "description": "From space, we can understand fires in ways that are impossible from the ground. New Earth-observing satellites capture the significant impact of fires on our planet. In this animation of fires around the globe in 2002, each red dot marks a new fire. Dots change color to yellow after a few days and to black when fires burn out. From brush fires in Africa to forest fires in North America, satellites are locating every significant fire on Earth to within one kilometer. In the summer and fall burning seasons, particularly destructive fires occurred in Colorado, Arizona, and Oregon. || ", "hits": 13 }, { "id": 2806, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2806/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-11-03T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Multisensor Fire Observations without Labels", "description": "From space, we can understand fires in ways that are impossible from the ground. New Earth-observing satellites capture the significant impact of fires on our planet. In this animation of fires around the globe in 2002, each red dot marks a new fire. Dots change color to yellow after a few days and to black when fires burn out. From brush fires in Africa to forest fires in North America, satellites are locating every significant fire on Earth to within one kilometer. In the summer and fall burning seasons, particularly destructive fires occurred in Colorado, Arizona, and Oregon. This animation of remote sensing observations of fires and other related data was chosen as part of the SIGGRAPH 2003 Computer Animation Theater. (The only difference was that the SIGGRAPH version had shorter credits.) || ", "hits": 34 }, { "id": 2819, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2819/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-09-30T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Recipe of a Hurricane (Part 2) - Push into Blue Marble (Match Rendered)", "description": "This visualization was created in support of the 'Recipe for a Hurricane' live shot campaign. This part of the visualization is the setup shot which pushes into the western Atlantic Ocean. Another visualization of wind vectors is intended to be faded over top of this visualization. This visualization was match-frame rendered to two other visualizations (winds and isosurfaces). || ", "hits": 11 }, { "id": 2820, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2820/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-09-30T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Recipe of a Hurricane (Part 2) — Clouds and Isosurfaces (Match Rendered)", "description": "This visualization was created in support of the 'Recipe for a Hurricane' live shot campaign. This is a visualization of Hurricane Erin on September 10, 2001. This is the main section of the visualization that shows the GOES and TRMM/VIRS based cloud tops (extruded), the TRMM/PR based rain isosurface, and the CAMEX-4/dropsonde-based heat isosurface. This visualization was match-frame rendered to two other visualizations (winds and isosurfaces) and was intended to be shown edited together. || ", "hits": 7 }, { "id": 2821, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2821/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-09-30T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Recipe of a Hurricane - Spin Around Clouds and Isosurfaces", "description": "This visualization was created in support of the 'Recipe for a Hurricane' live shot campaign. This is a visualization of hurricane Erin on September 10, 2001. This version of the visualization is a slow spin around the GOES and TRMM/VIRS based cloud tops (extruded), the TRMM/PR based rain isosurface, and the CAMEX-4/dropsonde-based heat isosurface. || ", "hits": 18 }, { "id": 2824, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2824/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-09-30T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Cold Water Trails from Hurricanes Fabian and Isabel", "description": "As the hurricanes move through the ocean, they each leave a wake of cold water. This visualization shows the cold water trails left by Hurricanes Fabian and Isabel. The red/orange/blue colors represent the ocean temperatures (orange/red is 82 degrees F and higher). || a002824.00005_print.png (720x480) [737.0 KB] || coldTrail_640x480_pre.jpg (320x240) [20.5 KB] || coldTrail_320x240_thm.png (80x40) [7.9 KB] || coldTrail_640x480_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [121.9 KB] || coldTrail_NTSC.webmhd.webm (960x540) [3.4 MB] || 720x486_4x3_29.97p (720x486) [32.0 KB] || coldTrail_640x480.mpg (640x480) [5.8 MB] || coldTrail_NTSC.m2v (720x480) [19.0 MB] || a002824.dv (720x480) [64.8 MB] || a002824_coldTrail_NTSC.mp4 (640x480) [1.9 MB] || coldTrail_320x240.mpg (320x240) [1.5 MB] || ", "hits": 24 }, { "id": 2827, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2827/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-09-30T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hurricane Isabel Batters North Carolina, September 18, 2003", "description": "This animation is of Hurricane Isabel on September 18, 2003 as it barrels toward the East Coast of the United States. At this time, Isabel waspacking winds of 105 MPH and was downgraded to a Category 2 storm. The animation peels away the cloud layer and reveals the storm's rain structure. The yellow isosurface represents areas where at least 0.5 inches ofrain fell per hour. The green isosurface show 1.0 inches of rain per hour and red displays where more than 2 inches of rain fell per hour. || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 2809, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2809/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-09-25T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: August 1, 2003 to September 23, 2003", "description": "The 2003 Antarctic ozone hole was the second largest ever observed, according to scientists from NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The Antarctic ozone 'hole' is defined as thinning of the ozone layer over the continent to levels significantly below pre-1979 levels. Ozone blocks harmful ultraviolet 'B' rays. Loss of stratospheric ozone has been linked to skin cancer in humans and other adverse biological effects on plants and animals. The size of the 2003 Antarctic ozone hole reached 10.9 million square miles on September 11, 2003, slightly larger than the North American continent, but smaller than the largest ever recorded, on September 10, 2000, when it covered 11.5 million square miles. || ", "hits": 18 }, { "id": 2799, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2799/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-09-11T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Typhoon Maemi, September 11, 2003", "description": "This animation shows TRMM's view of Typhoon Maemi. Typhoon Maemi was located approximately 400 miles south-southest of Okinawa, Japan. At the time this image was taken, Maemi was classified as a Category 5 storm under the Saffir-Simpson scale because it was packing sustained winds of 172 mph with gusts to 200 mph. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) has provided some remarkable images of Super Typhoon Maemi. During the storm's most intense phase, TRMM was able to capture the evolution of Maemi's eyewall structure as it was starting to undergo a process known as 'eyewall replacement,' whereby two concentric eyewalls are present before the outer eyewall collapses down to replace the original inner eyewall. This process can occur in very intense typhoons and hurricanes. || ", "hits": 39 }, { "id": 2750, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2750/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-09-02T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "RHESSI Observes 2.2 MeV Line Emission from a Solar Flare", "description": "The solar flare at Active Region 10039 on July 23, 2002 exhibits many exceptional high-energy phenomena including the 2.223 MeV neutron capture line and the 511 keV electron-positron (antimatter) annihilation line. In the animation, the RHESSI low-energy channels (12-25 keV) are represented in red and appears predominantly in coronal loops. The high-energy flux appears as blue at the footpoints of the coronal loops. Violet is used to indicate the location and relative intensity of the 2.2MeV emission. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 2781, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2781/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-08-08T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "GPM Nile River Animation", "description": "Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is to improve ongoing efforts to predict climate, improve the accuracy of weather and precipitation forecasts, and to provide more frequent and complete sampling of the Earth's precipitation. || ", "hits": 29 }, { "id": 2782, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2782/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-08-08T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "GPM Earth Spin Animation", "description": "Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is to improve ongoing efforts to predict climate, improve the accuracy of weather and precipitation forecasts, and to provide more frequent and complete sampling of the Earth's precipitation. || ", "hits": 134 }, { "id": 2777, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2777/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-07-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Lake Mead Shrinks!", "description": "Lake Mead reservoir is nestled between Arizona and Nevada and runs up to the Hoover Dam. The reservoir stores Colorado River water and supplies it to farms, homes and business in Southern Nevada, Arizona, southern California and northern Mexico. Scientists at NASA are releasing dramatic pictures of the dwindling water supplies in the drought-stricken western United States. According to the Bureau of Reclamation, the Colorado Basin is in its fourth year of drought and computer models project water levels will go down another 15 to 20 feet (4.6 to 6.1 m) by next year. Despite low water levels, The National Park Service says there is still plenty of water for recreation. The Landsat 7 satellite captured images of Lake Mead May 2000, and May 2003. The 2003 image clearly shows a shrinking lake. || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 2764, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2764/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-07-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "High Resolution Solar Views From VAULT", "description": "This movie illustrates the VAULT camera pointings in relation to the rest of the Sun and views from other instruments. || ", "hits": 16 }, { "id": 2765, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2765/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-07-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hi-resolution Solar Views from VAULT: Active Region", "description": "This movie presents the VAULT imagery in the context of simultaneous multi-mission observations. We zoom-in to a subset of the image which focuses on an active solar region which shows plumes of hot gases rising above the solar surface. || ", "hits": 4 } ] }