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While much of the region is still frozen in June, the ice is in various stages of melting.For complete transcript, click here.Watch this video on the NASA Earth Observatory YouTube channel.Music: Thin Ice Mining by Chris Constantinou [PRS], Paul Frazer [PRS] Melting Glacier by Chris Constantinou [PRS], Paul Frazer [PRS] Undiscovered Oceans by Aaron Yeddidia [BMI], Chris Lang [BMI], Eric Cunningham [BMI] Another Sleep by Chris Constantinou [PRS], Paul Frazer [PRS] || G2015-015_Arctic_Swath_MASTER_youtube_hq_print.jpg (1024x576) [110.7 KB] || G2015-015_Arctic_Swath_MASTER_youtube_hq_searchweb.png (320x180) [71.0 KB] || G2015-015_Arctic_Swath_MASTER_youtube_hq_web.png (320x180) [71.0 KB] || G2015-015_Arctic_Swath_MASTER_youtube_hq_thm.png (80x40) [6.1 KB] || G2015-015_Arctic_Swath_MASTER_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [411.2 MB] || G2015-015_Arctic_Swath_MASTER_appletv.m4v (960x540) [122.8 MB] || G2015-015_Arctic_Swath_MASTER_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [144.3 MB] || G2015-015_Arctic_Swath_MASTER_prores.mov (1280x720) [4.2 GB] || G2015-015_Arctic_Swath_MASTER_appletv.webm (960x540) [33.2 MB] || G2015-015_Arctic_Swath_MASTER_appletv_subtitles.m4v (960x540) [122.7 MB] || G2015-015_Arctic_Swath_MASTER_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [49.2 MB] || G2015-015_Arctic_Swath_MASTER_nasaportal.mov (640x360) [121.2 MB] || G2015-015_Arctic_Swath-caption.en_US.srt [145 bytes] || G2015-015_Arctic_Swath-caption.en_US.vtt [158 bytes] || G2015-015_Arctic_Swath_MASTER_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [26.7 MB] || ", "hits": 88 }, { "id": 10280, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10280/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-12-17T05:30:00-05:00", "title": "Vegetation Response to Lower Colorado River pulse flow in 2014", "description": "Using data from NASA/USGS satellite Landsat 8, scientists have measured how vegetation in the Colorado River Delta has responded to the pulse of water released in March 2014 as part of the Minute 319 bi-national agreement.For complete transcript, click here.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || G2014-108_Colorado_Pulse.png (1280x720) [1.6 MB] || G2014-108_Colorado_Pulse_web.png (320x180) [107.0 KB] || G2014-108_Colorado_Pulse-youtube.mov (1280x720) [122.1 MB] || G2014-108_Colorado_Pulse-youtube_appletv.m4v (960x540) [56.2 MB] || G2014-108_Colorado_Pulse_MASTER_prores.mov (1280x720) [2.0 GB] || G2014-108_Colorado_Pulse-youtube_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [64.6 MB] || G2014-108_Colorado_Pulse-youtube_appletv_subtitles.m4v (960x540) [56.1 MB] || G2014-108_Colorado_Pulse-youtube_720x480.webm (720x480) [15.5 MB] || G2014-108_Colorado_Pulse-youtube_nasaportal.mov (640x360) [55.5 MB] || G2014-108_Colorado_Pulse-youtube_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [22.7 MB] || G2014-108_Colorado_Pulse-youtube_720x480.wmv (720x480) [57.5 MB] || G2014-108_Colorado_Pulse-captions.en_US.vtt [2.4 KB] || G2014-108_Colorado_Pulse-captions.en_US.srt [2.4 KB] || G2014-108_Colorado_Pulse-youtube_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [12.4 MB] || ", "hits": 47 }, { "id": 4173, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4173/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "GPM Examines East Coast Snow Storm", "description": "On March 17, 2014 the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission's Core Observatory flew over the East coast's last snow storm of the 2013-2014 winter season. This was also one of the first major snow storms observed by GPM shortly after it was launched on February 27, 2014.The GPM Core Observatory carries two instruments that show the location and intensity of rain and snow, which defines a crucial part of the storm structure – and how it will behave. The GPM Microwave Imager sees through the tops of clouds to observe how much and where precipitation occurs, and the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar observes precise details of precipitation in 3-dimensions.For forecasters, GPM's microwave and radar data are part of the toolbox of satellite data, including other low Earth orbit and geostationary satellites, that they use to monitor tropical cyclones and hurricanes. The addition of GPM data to the current suite of satellite data is timely. Its predecessor precipitation satellite, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, is 18 years into what was originally a three-year mission. GPM's new high-resolution microwave imager data and the unique radar data ensure that forecasters and modelers won't have a gap in coverage. GPM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. All GPM data products will be released to the public on September 4, 2104. Current and future data sets are available to registered users from NASA Goddard's Precipitation Processing Center website. || ", "hits": 25 }, { "id": 11529, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11529/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-04-25T17:00:00-04:00", "title": "Pine Island Glacier Ice Island 2013", "description": "In early November 2013, a large iceberg separated from the front of Antarctica’s Pine Island Glacier. It thus began a journey across Pine Island Bay, a basin of the Amundsen Sea. The ice island, named B31, will likely be swept up soon in the swift currents of the Southern Ocean, though it will be hard to track visually for the next six months as Antarctica heads into winter darkness.Over the course of five months in Antarctic spring and summer, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)—an instrument on NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites—captured a series of images of ice island B31. The time-lapse video below shows the motion of the massive chunk of ice.The significance of the event is still being sorted out. “Iceberg calving is a very normal process,” noted Kelly Brunt, a glaciologist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. “However, the detachment rift, or crack, that created this iceberg was well upstream of the 30-year average calving front of Pine Island Glacier, so this a region that warrants monitoring.”Pine Island Glacier has been the subject of intense study in the past two decades because it has been thinning and draining rapidly and may be one of the largest contributors to sea level rise. || ", "hits": 28 }, { "id": 11470, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11470/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-04-01T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Seeing Precipitation From Space", "description": "An extratropical cyclone spun across the North Pacific near Japan on March 10, 2014. The cyclone became the first storm imaged by NASA’s Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory, launched eleven days earlier. The two instruments aboard the satellite are tuned in to different types of precipitation—rain, snow, and any mixture of the two, letting scientists see exactly where each is falling inside a storm. This kind of detail is important for understanding how storms behave and how the water essential to life moves around the planet. Watch the video to learn more about the satellite and how it observes our watery world. || ", "hits": 25 }, { "id": 4153, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4153/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-03-25T01:00:00-04:00", "title": "GPM/GMI First Light", "description": "Eleven days after the Feb. 27 launch of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory, the two instruments aboard took their first joint images of an interesting precipitation event. On March 10, the Core Observatory passed over an extra-tropical cyclone about 1055 miles (1700 kilometers) due east of Japan's Honshu Island. The storm formed from the collision of a cold front wrapping around a warm front, emerging over the ocean near Okinawa on March 8. It moved northeast over the ocean south of Japan, drawing cold air west-to-east over the land, a typical winter weather pattern that also brought heavy snow over Hokkaido, the northernmost of the four main islands. After the GPM images were taken, the storm continued to move eastward, slowly intensifying before weakening in the central North Pacific.This visualization shows data from the GPM Microwave Imager, which observes different types of precipitation with 13 channels. Scientists analyze that data and then use it to calculate the light to heavy rain rates and falling snow within the storm.For more information on this topic: GPM web siteOther multimedia items related to this story: GPM GMI First Light (#11508) GPM DPR First Light (#11509) || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 30484, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30484/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-12-24T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "A Tale of Two Cyclone Seasons", "description": "The basins are roughly 180 degrees apart, and in 2013, so were the tropical cyclone seasons. While the Atlantic hurricane season was remarkably quiet and mostly uneventful, the typhoon season was active and intense in the Western Pacific Ocean, though not necessarily out of character for the region.2013 Atlantic Hurricane SeasonThis map shows the tracks and intensity of the tropical storms in the Atlantic basin in 2013. The color and width of each line reflects the intensity of the storm on each day of its activity.In the Atlantic, 13 tropical storms were observed (plus one tropical depression), with just two developing into hurricanes—the fewest since 1982. None of the storms became major hurricanes, the first time that has happened since 1994. The U.S. National Weather Service ranked 2013 as “the sixth-least-active Atlantic hurricane season since 1950.”“This unexpectedly low activity is linked to an unpredictable atmospheric pattern that prevented the growth of storms by producing exceptionally dry, sinking air, and strong vertical wind shear in much of the main hurricane formation region,” said Gerry Bell, lead seasonal hurricane forecaster at NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center. “Also detrimental were several strong outbreaks of dry and stable air that originated over Africa.”2013 Western Pacific Typhoon SeasonThis map shows the tracks and intensity of the tropical storms in the Western Pacific basin in 2013. The color and width of each line reflects the intensity of the storm on each day of its activity. In 2013, there were between 28 and 31 tropical storms, and 13 to 16 typhoons—six of which reached super typhoon strength. According to the Tropical Storm Risk Consortium, the average is 26 tropical storms and 16 typhoons; other institutions have arrived at slightly different counts for the region.Nearly one-third of the world’s tropical storms form in the Western Pacific in any given year. This is because the sea surface temperatures are among the warmest in the world; the mixed layer of the ocean is deeper; there are fewer land barriers; and the tropopause—the boundary between the lower atmosphere and the stratosphere—is very high and cold. Essentially, storms have more fuel and more room (horizontally and vertically) to grow in the Western Pacific. || ", "hits": 52 }, { "id": 30479, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30479/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-11-12T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "Coastal Dead Zones", "description": "The size and number of marine dead zones—areas where the deep water is so low in dissolved oxygen that sea creatures can’t survive—have grown explosively in the past half-century. Yellow circles on this map show the location of observed eutrophic zones. Red dots show where hypoxic zones have been observed.It’s no coincidence that dead zones occur downriver of places where land is intensively used for agriculture. Some of the fertilizer we apply to crops is washed into streams and rivers. Fertilizer-laden runoff triggers explosive planktonic algae growth in coastal areas. The algae die and rain down into deep waters, where their remains are like fertilizer for microbes. The microbes decompose the organic matter, using up the oxygen. Mass killing of fish and other sea life often results.Satellites can observe changes in the way the ocean surface reflects and absorbs sunlight when the water holds a lot of particles of organic matter. Darker blues in this image show higher concentrations of particulate organic matter, an indication of the overly fertile waters that can culminate in dead zones. || ", "hits": 473 }, { "id": 30476, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30476/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-11-01T15:00:00-04:00", "title": "Mount Etna", "description": "Twin volcanic plumes—one of ash, one of gas—rose from Sicily’s Mount Etna on the morning of October 26, 2013. L’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Osservatorio Etneo (National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology Etna Observatory) reported that Etna was experiencing its first paroxysm in six months. Multiple eruption columns are common at Etna, a result of complex plumbing within the volcano. The Northeast Crater, one of several on Etna’s summit, was emitting the ash column, while the New Southeast Crater was simultaneously venting mostly gas.This natural-color image collected by Landsat 8 shows the view from space at 11:38 a.m. local time. The towering, gas-rich plume cast a dark shadow over the lower, ash-rich plume and Etna’s northwestern flank. Relatively fresh lava flows (less than a century or so old) are dark gray; vegetation is green; and the tile-roofed buildings of Bronte and Biancavilla lend the towns an ochre hue. || ", "hits": 58 }, { "id": 30366, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30366/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monthly Total Column Ozone", "description": "Ozone gas is a form of oxygen in which each molecule has three oxygen atoms instead of two. Near the ground, ozone is a pollutant that forms when byproducts of burning coal, oil, or gasoline mix with water vapor in the presence of sunlight. In the stratosphere, however, ozone forms naturally and absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation known as UV-B. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura satellite provides daily total-column ozone, which is how much ozone is present in a column of the atmosphere stretching from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. Therefore, it includes both ground-level and stratospheric ozone.These maps show monthly total-column ozone as measured by OMI from October 2004 to the present. Ozone concentrations are measured in Dobson Units. A Dobson Unit is the amount of ozone that would be required to create a layer of pure ozone 0.01 millimeters thick at the Earth’s surface, at a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 1 atmosphere. || ", "hits": 52 }, { "id": 30367, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30367/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monthly Solar Insolation", "description": "These maps show Earth's average monthly solar insolation, or the rate of incoming sunlight reaching the surface, from July 2006 to the present as derived from Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) measurements of radiant energy escaping the top of Earth's atmosphere. The CERES instrument flies onboard NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites and makes these measurements every day on a global scale. The colors represent the kilowatt-hours of sunlight falling on every square meter of the surface per day, averaged over one month. Energy from the sun warms the surface, creating updrafts of air that carry warmth and moisture up into the atmosphere. Thus, knowing the rate of sunlight reaching the surface helps scientists understand weather and climate patterns. Exposure to sunlight is also a key limit to plant growth, particularly in tropical rainforests. Thus, insolation maps are also useful to scientists studying plant growth patterns in different parts of the world. || ", "hits": 249 }, { "id": 30369, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30369/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monthly Net Radiation", "description": "The difference between how much solar energy enters the Earth system and how much heat energy escapes into space is called net radiation. Some places absorb more energy than they give off back to space, so they have an energy surplus. Other places lose more energy to space than they absorb, so they have an energy deficit. These maps show monthly net radiation from July 2006 to the present, from the Fast Longwave And Shortwave Radiative Fluxes, or FLASHFlux, Time Interpolation and Spatial Averaging (TISA) data product. The product contains daily observations collected by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) sensors on NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites. The colors show the net radiation (in Watts per square meter) that was contained in the Earth system. The maps illustrate the fundamental imbalance between net radiation surpluses at the equator (red areas), where sunlight is direct year-round, and net radiation deficits at high latitudes (blue areas), where direct sunlight is seasonal. || ", "hits": 130 }, { "id": 30370, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30370/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monthly Reflected Shortwave Radiation", "description": "If you look at Mars in the night sky, the planet is little more than a glowing dot. From Mars, Earth would have the same star-like appearance. What gives the planets this light? Do they shine like a star? No. The light is mostly reflected sunlight. These images show how much sunlight Earth reflects. Bright parts of Earth like snow, ice, and clouds, reflect the most light; dark surfaces, like the oceans, reflect less light. Earth's average temperature is determined by the balance between how much sunlight Earth reflects, how much it absorbs, and how much heat it gives off. These maps show monthly reflected-shortwave radiation from July 2006 to the present, from the Fast Longwave And Shortwave Radiative Fluxes, or FLASHFlux, Time Interpolation and Spatial Averaging (TISA) data product. The product contains daily observations collected by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) sensors on NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites. The colors in the map show the amount of shortwave energy (in Watts per square meter) that was reflected by the Earth system. The brighter, whiter regions show where more sunlight is reflected, while green regions show intermediate values, and blue regions are lower values. || ", "hits": 121 }, { "id": 30389, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30389/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Daytime Land Temperature Anomaly", "description": "Land-surface temperature is how hot the surface of the Earth would feel to touch. From a satellite’s perspective, the “surface” is whatever it sees when it looks through the atmosphere to the ground. It could be snow and ice, the grass, a rooftop, or the treetops in a forest. An anomaly is when something is different from normal, or average. These maps show monthly daytime land-surface-temperature anomalies from March 2000 to the present, compared to the average monthly temperatures from 2001-2010 as derived using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Terra satellite. Places that are warmer than average are red, places that are near-normal are white, and places that are cooler than average are blue. Black means there is no data. Some land-surface-temperature anomalies are simply transient weather phenomena, not part of a specific pattern or trend. Others anomalies are more meaningful. Widespread cold anomalies may be an indication of a harsh winter with lots of snow on the ground. Isolated warm (daytime) anomalies that appear in forests or other natural ecosystems may indicate deforestation or insect damage. Many urban areas also show up as hot spots in these maps because developed areas are often warmer in the daytime than surrounding natural ecosystem or farmland. || ", "hits": 55 }, { "id": 30390, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30390/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Nighttime Land Temperature Anomaly", "description": "Land-surface temperature is how hot the surface of the Earth would feel to touch. From a satellite’s perspective, the “surface” is whatever it sees when it looks through the atmosphere to the ground. It could be snow and ice, the grass, a rooftop, or the treetops in a forest. An anomaly is when something is different from normal, or average. These maps show monthly nighttime land-surface-temperature anomalies from March 2000 to the present, compared to the average monthly temperatures from 2001-2010 as derived using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard NASA’s Terra satellite. Places that are warmer than average are red, places that are near-normal are white, and places that are cooler than average are blue. Black means there is no data. Some land-surface-temperature anomalies are simply transient weather phenomena, not part of a specific pattern or trend. Others anomalies are more meaningful. Widespread cold anomalies may be an indication of a harsh winter with lots of snow on the ground. Many urban areas show up as hot spots in these maps because developed areas are often warmer at night than surrounding natural ecosystem or farmland. || ", "hits": 56 }, { "id": 30391, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30391/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monthly Carbon Monoxide (Terra/MOPITT)", "description": "Colorless, odorless, and poisonous, carbon monoxide is a major air pollutant regulated in the United States and in many other nations around the world. When carbon-based fuels, such as coal, wood, and oil burn, they produce carbon monoxide. These maps show monthly averages of carbon monoxide at an altitude of about 12,000 feet from March 2000 to the present, as derived using data from the Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) sensor on NASA's Terra satellite. Concentrations of carbon monoxide are expressed in parts per billion by volume (ppbv). A concentration of 1 ppbv means that for every billion molecules of gas in the measured volume, one of them is a carbon monoxide molecule. In these maps, yellow areas have little or no carbon monoxide, while progressively higher concentrations are shown in orange, red, and dark red. In different parts of the world and in different seasons, the amounts and sources of atmospheric carbon monoxide change. In Africa, for example, the seasonal shifts in carbon monoxide are tied to the widespread agricultural burning that shifts north and south of the equator with the seasons. In the United States, Europe, and eastern Asia, on the other hand, the highest carbon monoxide concentrations occur around urban areas as a result of vehicle and industrial emissions. || ", "hits": 20 }, { "id": 30368, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30368/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-23T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monthly Outgoing Longwave Radiation", "description": "Light energy travels in waves, but not all the waves are the same. The kind of light our eyes can see is only a tiny part of the energy that exists in the universe. Other kinds of energy are invisible, like the energy that makes our hands feel warm when we hold them over a fire, or the energy that cooks our food in the microwave. When Earth absorbs sunlight, it heats up. The heat, or \"outgoing longwave radiation,\" radiates back into space. Satellites measure this radiation as it leaves the top of Earth's atmosphere. The hotter a place is, the more energy it radiates. These maps show monthly outgoing longwave radiation from July 2006 to the present, from the Fast Longwave And Shortwave Radiative Fluxes, or FLASHFlux, Time Interpolation and Spatial Averaging (TISA) data product. The product contains daily observations collected by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) sensors on NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites. The colors show the amount of outgoing longwave radiation leaving Earth's atmosphere (in Watts per square meter). Bright yellow and orange indicate greater heat emission, purple and blue indicate intermediate emissions, and white shows little or no heat emission. || ", "hits": 194 }, { "id": 30220, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30220/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-21T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hurricane Sandy Causes Blackouts in New Jersey and New York", "description": "In the days following landfall of Hurricane Sandy, millions remained without power. This pair of images shows the difference in city lighting across New Jersey and New York before (August 31, 2012), when conditions were normal, and after (November 1, 2012) the storm. Both images were captured by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) “day-night band” onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite, which detects light in a range of wavelengths and uses filtering techniques to observe signals such as gas flares, city lights, and reflected moonlight.In Manhattan, the lower third of the island is dark on November 1, while Rockaway Beach, much of Long Island, and nearly all of central New Jersey are significantly dimmer. The barrier islands along the New Jersey coast, which are heavily developed with tourist businesses and year-round residents, are just barely visible in moonlight after the blackout. || ", "hits": 54 }, { "id": 30181, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30181/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ice Loss on Puncak Jaya", "description": "Tropical glaciers have retreated significantly in the past century, and many have lost more than half of their ice in the last few decades. Indonesia’s glaciers are no exception. In 1989, five ice masses sat on the slopes of Puncak Jaya, a 4,884-meter peak within the Sudirman Range. By 2009, two of the glaciers—Meren and Southwall—were gone. The other three—Carstenz, East Northwall Firn, and West North Wall Firn—had retreated dramatically.This pair of images, captured by the Thematic Mapper (TM) on Landsat 4 and Landsat 5, offer a view of the ice loss between 1989 and 2009. The images are a combination of shortwave infrared, near infrared, and green light. Ice appears light blue. Clouds are primarily white, though some are tinged with blue. Exposed rock is salmon-colored; forests are green. (The gray area near the center of the 2009 image is the Grasberg mine. Established in 1990 by Freeport McMoran, the open-pit mine has the world’s largest known gold reserve and second largest copper reserve.) || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 30195, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30195/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Night Views of Fires in Siberia", "description": "The vast majority of Russian wildfires occur in Siberia, generally along the southern border. This year’s blazes have followed the typical pattern and occurred primarily east of the Urals. This pair of images from August 3, 2012 shows fires using two different instruments. The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite carries an instrument called the “day-night band,” designed to be sensitive to such low levels of visible light that it can detect wildfires in the dark of the night. On August 3, 2012, the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on Suomi NPP acquired the right image of wildfires blazing in eastern Siberia. The white outlines are the actively burning perimeters of several fires. || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 30055, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30055/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-06-27T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "Columbia Glacier, Alaska", "description": "The Columbia Glacier in Alaska is one of the most rapidly changing glaciers in the world. These false-color images show how the glacier and the surrounding landscape has changed since 1986. Snow and ice appears bright cyan, vegetation is green, clouds are white or light orange, and the open ocean is dark blue. Exposed bedrock is brown, while rocky debris on the glacier’s surface is gray. By 2011, the terminus had retreated more than 20 kilometers (12 miles) to the north. Since the 1980s, the glacier has lost about half of its total thickness and volume. The retreat of the Columbia contributes to global sea-level rise, mostly through iceberg calving. This one glacier accounts for nearly half of the ice loss in the Chugach Mountains. However, the ice losses are not exclusively tied to increasing air and water temperatures. Climate change may have given the Columbia an initial nudge, but it has more to do with mechanical processes. In fact, when the Columbia reaches the shoreline, its retreat will likely slow down. The more stable surface will cause the rate of calving to decline, making it possible for the glacier to start rebuilding a moraine and advancing once again. || ", "hits": 56 }, { "id": 11267, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11267/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-05-30T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Come Fly With Me", "description": "Have you ever wondered what it would be like to soar like a satellite, watching the world pass beneath you? The dream is elusive (except for astronauts), but through imagery from the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), we can take a vicarious flight. In mid-April 2013, the newest satellite in the Landsat family scanned a 120-mile-wide swath of land from northern Russia to South Africa. That flight path afforded us a chance to assemble a flyover view of what LDCM's Operational Land Imager saw, including clouds, haze, and varying angles of sunlight. The full mosaic and animation stretches more than 6,000 miles and includes 56 adjoining, natural-color scenes stitched together into a seamless swath. Watch the videos to see highlights from the animation. || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 11249, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11249/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-05-15T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Landsat 8 Long Swath", "description": "After two months of on-orbit testing and calibration, Landsat 8 (previously called LDCM) fired its propulsion system on April 12, 2013, and ascended to its final orbit 438 miles (705 km) above Earth. The animation, made from scenes taken a week later on April 19, allows viewers to fly with the satellite from its final operating orbit. 56 continuous Landsat scenes from that orbit have been stitched together into a seamless view from Russia to South Africa. Orbiting at 16,800 mph (27,000 kph), Landsat 8 made this flight in just more than 20 minutes. The animation moves faster, covering 5,665 miles (9,117 kilometers) in nearly 16 minutes. You would have to be moving about 21,930 mph (35,290 kph) to get a similar view — only slightly slower than the Apollo astronauts who entered Earth's orbit from the moon at 25,000 mph (40,200 kph). We pan down the long swath of data from Landsat 8, starting in northern Russia, passing over the Caucasus Mountains, the Republic of Georgia, Armenia, Turkey (passing Lake Van), Iraq, and Saudi Arabia (the cities of Medina and Jeddah), crossing the Red Sea into Eritrea, Ethiopia, the Kenya-Uganda border and catching the eastern edge of Lake Victoria, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, a little bit of Mozambique, and ending in northern South Africa. || ", "hits": 49 }, { "id": 4076, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4076/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-05-15T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Landsat-8 Long Swath", "description": "Landsat-8 launched February 11th, 2013. This visualization shows one of the first full swaths of data taken on April 19th, 2013, only one week after Landsat-8 ascended to its final altitude of 438 miles (705 km). || ", "hits": 107 }, { "id": 11238, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11238/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-04-30T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Breakup", "description": "Visualizations can give the impression that the Arctic ice cap is a continuous sheet of stationary, floating ice. In fact, it's a collection of smaller pieces that constantly shift, crack and grind against one another as they are jostled by winds and ocean currents. Especially during the summer, but even during the height of winter, cracks can open up between pieces of ice. That's what was happening during February and March 2013, when extensive fracturing took place in the Beaufort Sea. A series of storms passing over central Alaska intensified the cracking, but the age of the sea ice involved also played a role. The area was covered almost completely by thin, first-year ice, rather than older and sturdier ice because of the ongoing retreat of Arctic sea ice associated with climate change. Watch the video to see a time-lapse view of the breakup from images taken by the Suomi NPP satellite. || ", "hits": 11 }, { "id": 11244, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11244/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-04-03T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Arctic Sea Ice Max 2013: An Interesting Year", "description": "After a record melt season, an Arctic cyclone, and a fascinating fracturing event, Arctic sea ice has reached its maximum extent for the year. || ", "hits": 8 }, { "id": 11171, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11171/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-01-15T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Nature's Night Lights", "description": "\"The night is nowhere near as dark as most of us think. In fact, the Earth is never really dark,\" says scientist Steven Miller of Colorado State University. Auroras dance across the skies. Wildfires and volcanoes rage. Moonlight and starlight reflect off water, snow, clouds and deserts. The night-imaging capability of the NASA-NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite is capturing all of this, giving scientists like Miller a new way to see storms and weather patterns, atmospheric waves and other dynamic events that don't stop at sundown. \"For all the reasons that we need to see the Earth during the day, we also need to see the Earth at night,\" says Miller. \"The Earth never sleeps; it's constantly moving, evolving, building up here and tearing down there.\" Watch the video to see different views of the Persian Gulf region in the changing light of the moon. || ", "hits": 38 }, { "id": 11146, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11146/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2012-12-27T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "The Night Electric", "description": "The night side of our planet twinkles with light, tracing a map of human settlement across Earth. Scientists have studied Earth's night lights in the past, using military satellites and astronaut photos; but in 2012, the view became significantly clearer. Data from the NASA-NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite was used to make a new composite view of Earth at night that allows scientists to quantify the intensity and sources of night light for the first time. A special low-light sensor on Suomi-NPP can distinguish night lights with six times better spatial resolution and 250 times better resolution of lighting levels than before, capturing even the dim light of an isolated highway lamp or a fishing boat at sea. Watch the videos to take a tour of Earth, sparkling in the dark of night. || ", "hits": 88 }, { "id": 11157, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11157/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2012-12-05T13:30:00-05:00", "title": "Earth At Night", "description": "In daylight our big blue marble is all land, oceans and clouds. But the night - is electric.This view of Earth at night is a cloud-free view from space as acquired by the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Satellite (Suomi NPP). A joint program by NASA and NOAA, Suomi NPP captured this nighttime image by the satellite's Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The day-night band on VIIRS detects light in a range of wavelengths from green to near infrared and uses filtering techniques to observe signals such as city lights, gas flares, and wildfires. This new image is a composite of data acquired over nine days in April and thirteen days in October 2012. It took 312 satellite orbits and 2.5 terabytes of data to get a clear shot of every parcel of land surface.This video uses the Earth at night view created by NASA's Earth Observatory with data processed by NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center and combined with a version of the Earth Observatory's Blue Marble: Next Generation. || ", "hits": 560 }, { "id": 4019, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4019/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2012-12-05T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Unprecedented New Look at Our Planet at Night", "description": "In daylight our big blue marble is all land, oceans and clouds. But the night - is electric.This view of Earth at night is a cloud-free view from space as acquired by the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Satellite (Suomi NPP). A joint program by NASA and NOAA, Suomi NPP captured this nighttime image by the satellite's Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The day-night band on VIIRS detects light in a range of wavelengths from green to near infrared and uses filtering techniques to observe signals such as city lights, gas flares, and wildfires. This new image is a composite of data acquired over nine days in April and thirteen days in October 2012. It took 312 satellite orbits and 2.5 terabytes of data to get a clear shot of every parcel of land surface.This video uses the Earth at night view created by NASA's Earth Observatory with data processed by NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center and combined with a version of the Earth Observatory's Blue Marble: Next Generation. || ", "hits": 204 }, { "id": 11159, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11159/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2012-12-04T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "2012 and the Future of Fire", "description": "The U.S. fire season in 2012 was by some measures a record-breaking season. NASA scientist Doug Morton and University of Maryland scientist Louis Giglio discuss the links between climate and wildfires and the likelihood of seeing more extreme fire events in the future. This page includes a short video discussing these topics, extended interview clips from Giglio and Morton, and visualizations of the 2012 fire season in North America. || ", "hits": 18 }, { "id": 10946, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10946/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hottest Place On Earth?", "description": "Many places call themselves the hottest on Earth, but most are not serious contenders. Ground-based weather stations typically sit near civilized areas and don't reveal the full story. Satellites, however, observe the entire planet, including extreme environments where no human wants to be. By detecting land skin temperatures—which often significantly exceed air temperatures and provide a measure of how the land absorbs and re-emits solar energy—satellites can dispel myth. Scientists analyzing NASA satellite data found the hottest spot on Earth changed three times within seven years, but the characteristics of each location were the same—dry, rocky, dark-colored and remote, like the land surrounding China's Flaming Mountain, pictured above. Temperatures in these places often top out above 150 degrees Fahrenheit (65 || ", "hits": 96 }, { "id": 10862, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10862/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2012-02-16T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Shrinking Aral Sea", "description": "In the 1960s, the Soviet Union undertook major water diversion projects on the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers, capturing water that once fed into the Aral Sea. Irrigation projects made the desert bloom, but they spelled doom for the natural freshwater lake. As the Aral Sea dried up, fisheries collapsed, as did the communities that depended on them. The remaining water supply became increasingly salty and polluted with runoff from agricultural plots. Dust blowing from the exposed lakebed eventually degraded the soils, forcing further water diversion efforts to revive them. On a larger scale, loss of the Aral Sea's water influenced regional climate, making the winters even colder and the summers much hotter. Fifty years later, the lake is virtually gone. View the dramatic changes that took place over decades in this collection of satellite images. || ", "hits": 667 }, { "id": 10829, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10829/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-10-06T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "27 Storms: Arlene To Zeta", "description": "By the numbers the 2005 Atlantic tropical storm season was unlike any other: A total 27 tropical storms, including 15 hurricanes, made it a record-breaking year. The season also gave rise to Katrina, one of the most intense and costliest hurricanes that resulted in 1,200 deaths and more than $100 billion in damages. The unusually high frequency and strength of these tropical storms were linked to favorable development conditions observed in the ocean and atmosphere between the Caribbean Sea and west coast of Africa where they form. Easterly winds blowing off the African continent seeded the Atlantic with a large number of proto-hurricanes—swirling air masses that grow over tropical waters. Ideal open ocean wind patterns on the surface and high above permitted storm clouds to easily mature into vigorous convective cells—the building blocks of hurricanes. Warmer ocean surface waters slightly above their 80 degrees Fahrenheit average further strengthened the storms and sent the spinning hurricanes into overdrive. The visualization below tracks the paths of all 27 tropical storms that made up this historical year. || ", "hits": 63 }, { "id": 10521, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10521/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-11-05T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "The Road to Glory", "description": "Glory is a unique research satellite designed to orbit the Earth and achieve two major goals. Glory's first goal is to collect data on the properties of aerosols and black carbon in the Earth's atmosphere and climate system; its second goal is to collect data on solar irradiance for Earth's long-term climate record. This seven-minute video introduces Glory's science objectives, people, and instruments, and provides an overview of the Glory mission.For complete transcript, click here. || The_Road_to_Glory_512x288.01102_print.jpg (1024x576) [74.3 KB] || The_Road_to_Glory_512x288_web.png (180x320) [222.3 KB] || The_Road_to_Glory_512x288_thm.png (80x40) [14.2 KB] || The_Road_to_Glory_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [90.6 MB] || The_Road_to_Glory_1280x720_ProRes.mov (1280x720) [6.3 GB] || The_Road_to_Glory_1280x720_H264.mov (1280x720) [204.8 MB] || The_Road_to_Glory_AppleTV.m4v (960x540) [235.9 MB] || The_Road_to_Glory_640x480_ipod.m4v (640x360) [76.0 MB] || The_Road_to_Glory_512x288.mpg (512x288) [141.3 MB] || The_Road_to_Glory_320x240.mp4 (320x180) [33.4 MB] || The_Road_to_Glory.wmv (320x180) [37.8 MB] || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 10522, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10522/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-11-04T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "The Rough Road to Space", "description": "Space is a harsh environment, and building a space-bound satellite is no small feat! Here's a look at how NASA engineers get the Glory mission off the ground and safely into space!For complete transcript, click here. || The_Rough_Road_to_Space_512x288.01977_print.jpg (1024x576) [89.7 KB] || The_Rough_Road_to_Space_512x288_web.png (320x180) [264.1 KB] || The_Rough_Road_to_Space_512x288_thm.png (80x40) [17.2 KB] || The_Rough_Road_to_Space_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [29.2 MB] || Rough_Road_to_Space_1280x720_ProRes.mov (1280x720) [2.2 GB] || The_Rough_Road_to_Space_1280x720_H264.mov (1280x720) [67.9 MB] || The_Rough_Road_to_Space_AppleTV.m4v (960x540) [75.1 MB] || The_Rough_Road_to_Space_640x480_ipod.m4v (640x360) [27.2 MB] || The_Rough_Road_to_Space_512x288.mpg (512x288) [43.1 MB] || The_Rough_Road_to_Space_320x240.mp4 (320x180) [10.9 MB] || The_Rough_Road_to_Space.wmv (320x180) [14.6 MB] || ", "hits": 40 }, { "id": 10523, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10523/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-11-04T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "The Particle Puzzle", "description": "This short video, which is part of a seven part video podcast series about NASA's Glory mission, explores the complexity of small airborne particles called aerosols. Aerosols play a key role in the climate system, but they remain a terra incognito of sorts for climatologists because of challenges associated with measuring the ubiquitous particles. Glory's Aerosol Polarimetery Sensor (APS), a unique instrument that measures the polarization of light as it scatters off the aerosols, offers a new and more accurate way to measure the perplexing particlesFor complete transcript, click here. || The_Particle_Puzzle_512x288.00452_print.jpg (1024x576) [97.2 KB] || The_Particle_Puzzle_512x288_web.png (320x180) [237.2 KB] || The_Particle_Puzzle_512x288_thm.png (80x40) [16.9 KB] || The_Particle_Puzzle_960x540_Apple_TV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [67.7 MB] || The_Particle_Puzzle_1280x720_ProRes.mov (1280x720) [5.0 GB] || The_Particle_Puzzle_1280x720_H264.mov (1280x720) [156.7 MB] || The_Particle_Puzzle_960x540_Apple_TV.m4v (960x540) [180.5 MB] || The_Particle_Puzzle_640x480_ipod.m4v (640x360) [55.3 MB] || The_Particle_Puzzle_512x288.mpg (512x288) [32.5 MB] || The_Particle_Puzzle_320x240.mp4 (320x180) [24.0 MB] || The_Particle_Puzzle.wmv (320x180) [33.5 MB] || ", "hits": 18 }, { "id": 10525, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10525/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-11-04T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Hello Crud", "description": "This segment provides an introduction to aerosols- their varied sources, brief lifetimes, and erratic behavior. Glory's APS will help researchers determine the global distribution of aerosol particles. This unique instrument will unravel the microphysical properties of aerosols, and will shed light on the chemical composition of natural and anthropogenic aerosols and clouds. For complete transcript, click here. || Hello_Crud__512x288.00727_print.jpg (1024x576) [58.9 KB] || Hello_Crud__512x288_web.png (320x180) [160.9 KB] || Hello_Crud__512x288_thm.png (80x40) [15.7 KB] || Hello_Crud_960x720_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [66.8 MB] || Hello_Crud_1280x720_ProRes.mov (1280x720) [4.6 GB] || Hello_Crud_1280x720_H264.mov (1280x720) [128.2 MB] || Hello_Crud_960x720_AppleTV.m4v (960x540) [160.6 MB] || Hello_Crud__640x480_ipod.m4v (640x360) [52.5 MB] || Hello_Crud__512x288.mpg (512x288) [37.2 MB] || Hello_Crud_320x240.mp4 (320x180) [22.3 MB] || Hello_Crud.wmv (320x180) [32.7 MB] || ", "hits": 27 }, { "id": 3651, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3651/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-07T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "World Droughts From 2005 to 2009 Versus Where Crops are Grown", "description": "The Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Studies (GIMMS) group at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC) provides United States Department of Agriculture/Foreign Agricultural Service (USDA/FAS) with global data stream of NDVI that spans over two decades (1981-present). The GIMMS NDVI is derived from measurements made by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Global Area Coverage (GAC) data from the National Atmospheric Oceanic Administration (NOAA) polar orbiting series of satellites. GIMMS has inter-calibrated the data from the NOAA-AVHRR satellite series and performed atmospheric correction to minimize the effects of volcanic aerosols to produce and maintain a consistent NDVI archive. The NDVI archive from GIMMS provides the historic database for monitoring the response of vegetation to climatic conditions.Linking the MODIS data to the long-term GIMMS AVHRR/NDVI, archive and SPOT Vegetation sensor data is a critical component of this project providing a consistent multi-source long-term data record for agricultural monitoring. This allows FAS analysts to compare current data with the spatial extent and severity of NDVI anomalies associated with heat stress, droughts and floods associated with crop failures. || ", "hits": 17 }, { "id": 10340, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10340/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2008-12-02T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Cross Calibration of the Afternoon Constellation's Instruments", "description": "The name \"A-Train\" comes from the formation of international, Earth-observing satellites known as the Afternoon Constellation, which operate in a Sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of 705 km. The close proximity of the different spacecraft within the A-Train allows for coincident observations between instruments on different spacecrafts, providing scientists additional capabilities in their pursuit of answers about the Earth and its climate. Upon joining the A-train, Glory will help researchers better understand two critical forcings of Earth's climate: atmospheric aerosols and total solar irradiance. || ", "hits": 37 }, { "id": 10268, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10268/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2008-10-22T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Glory's Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor Taking Polarimetric Measurements", "description": "Glory is a remote-sensing, Earth-orbiting observatory that will study two of Earth's crucial climate forcings: atmospheric aerosols and total solar irradiance. Glory is equipped with two state of the art instruments: the Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS), which collects information on aerosols with unprecedented accuracy; and the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM), which continues collection of total solar irradiance data for the long-term climate record. This animation reveals Glory's APS taking polarimetric measurements along the satellite ground track within the solar reflective spectral region (0.4 to 2.4 micrometers). Aerosols are among the least understood of Earth's climate forcings, and the APS will provide data on the global distribution of natural and anthropogenic aerosols; the direct impact of aerosols on the radiation budget; and the effect of aerosols on clouds. || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 3354, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3354/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-05-31T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "27 Storms: Arlene to Zeta", "description": "Many records were broken during the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season including the most hurricanes ever, the most category 5 hurricanes, and the most intense hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic as measured by atmospheric pressure. This visualization shows all 27 named storms that formed in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season and examines some of the conditions that made hurricane formation so favorable.The animation begins by showing the regions of warm water that are favorable for storm development advancing northward through the peak of hurricane season and then receding as the waters cool. The thermal energy in these warm waters powers the hurricanes. Strong shearing winds in the troposphere can disrupt developing young storms, but measurements indicate that there was very little shearing wind activity in 2005 to impede storm formation.Sea surface temperatures, clouds, storm tracks, and hurricane category labels are shown as the hurricane season progresses.This visualization shows some of the actual data that NASA and NOAA satellites measured in 2005 — data used to predict the paths and intensities of hurricanes. Satellite data play a vital role in helping us understand the land, ocean, and atmosphere systems that have such dramatic effects on our lives.NOTE: This animation shows the named storms from the 2005 hurricane season. During a re-analysis of 2005, NOAA's Tropical Prediction Center/National Hurricane Center determined that a short-lived subtropcial storm developed near the Azores Islands in late September, increasing the 2005 tropical storm count from 27 to 28. This storm was not named and is not shown in this animation.'27 Storms: Arlene to Zeta' played in the SIGGRAPH 2007 Computer Animation Festival in August 2007. It was also a finalist in the 2006 NSF Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge. || ", "hits": 62 }, { "id": 3043, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3043/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-11-01T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Indecisive El Niño Exhibits 'Split Personality'", "description": "The central equatorial Pacific Ocean warmed by about one degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit) between June and August 2004, which can indicate development of a weak to moderate El Niño. Yet in other locations, important signals have been absent, suggesting the climate pattern may be of two minds. NASA satellites show warm water anomalies concentrated in the central Pacific Ocean in August. By September, the anomalies are weaker.The SeaWinds instrument on NASA's Quick Scatterometer (QuikScat) satellite has shown stronger than normal trade winds for this time of year on the eastern side of the Pacific basin. Since the 1997 to 1998 El Niño, these trade winds have exhibited a kind of 'split personality' condition during times when the central equatorial Pacific warmed. || ", "hits": 45 }, { "id": 2905, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2905/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-02-12T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Global Sea Surface Temperature from June, 2002 to September, 2003 (WMS)", "description": "The temperature of the surface of the world's oceans provides a clear indication of the state of the Earth's climate and weather. The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite measures the temperature of the top 1 millimeter of the ocean every day, even through the clouds. In this visualization sequence covering the period from June, 2002, to September, 2003, the most obvious effects are the north-south movement of warm regions across the equator due to the seasonal movement of the sun and the seasonal advance and retreat of the sea ice near the North and South poles. It is also possible to see the Gulf Stream, the warm river of water that parallels the east coast of the United States before heading towards northern Europe, in this data. Around January 1, 2003, a cooler than normal region of the ocean appears just to the west of Peru as part of a La Niña and flows westward, driven by the trade winds. The waves that appear on the edges of this cooler area are called tropical instability waves and can also be seen in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean about the same time. || ", "hits": 53 }, { "id": 2906, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2906/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-02-12T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Global Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies from June, 2002 to September, 2003 (WMS)", "description": "The temperature of the surface of the world's oceans provides a clear indication of the state of the Earth's climate and weather. The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite measures the temperature of the top 1 millimeter of the ocean every day, even through the clouds. If the average sea surface temperature for a particular date is subtracted from the measured temperature for that date, the resulting sea surface temperature anomaly can be used to accurately assess the current state of the oceans. The anomaly can serve as an early warning system for weather phenomena and can be used to indicate forthcoming problems with fish populations and coral reef health. In this visualization of the anomaly covering the period from June, 2002, to September, 2003, the most obvious effects are a successive warming and cooling along the equator to the west of Peru, the signature of an El Niño/La Niña cycle. Around January 1, 2003, a cooler than normal region of the ocean appears in this region as part of a La Niña and flows westward, driven by the trade winds. The waves that appear on the edges of this cooler area are called tropical instability waves. || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 2907, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2907/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-02-12T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Hurricane Regions Indicated by Sea Surface Temperature from June 2002 to September 2003 (WMS)", "description": "The temperature of the world's ocean surface provides a clear indication of the regions where hurricanes and typhoons form, since they can only form when the sea surface temperature exceeds 82 degrees F (27.8 degrees C). The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite measures the temperature of the top 1 millimeter of the ocean every day, even through the clouds. In this visualization of AMSR-E data covering the period from June, 2002, to September, 2003, areas with surface temperatures greater than 82 degrees F are shown in yellow and orange, while sea surface temperatures below 82 degrees F are shown in blue. The region in the Atlantic from the Caribbean to the equator only exceeds the critical temperature during late summer and early fall in the Northern Hemisphere, the period known as Hurricane Season. It is also possible to see the Gulf Stream, the warm river of water that parallels the east coast of the United States before heading towards northern Europe, in this data. Around January 1, 2003, a cooler than normal region of the ocean appears just to the west of Peru as part of an La Niña and flows westward, driven by the trade winds. The waves that appear on the edges of this cooler area are called tropical instability waves and can also be seen in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean about the same time. || ", "hits": 23 }, { "id": 2897, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2897/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-02-11T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Cold Water Trails from Hurricanes Fabian and Isabel (WMS)", "description": "This visualization shows the cold water trails left first by Hurricanes Fabian and then by Hurricane Isabel in the Atlantic Ocean from August 27, 2003 through September 23, 2003. The colors on the ocean represent the sea surface temperatures, and satellite images of the hurricane clouds are laid over the temperatures to clearly show the hurricane positions. Orange and red depict regions that are 82 degrees F and higher, where the ocean is warm enough for hurricanes to form. Hurricane winds are sustained by the heat energy of the ocean, so the ocean is cooled as the hurricane passes and the energy is extracted to power the winds. A hurricane can experience a dramatic reduction in wind speed when it crosses the cold track of a previous hurricane. However, in this case, the cold water track from Fabian warmed up before Isabel crossed it, so Isabel's winds did not decrease. The sea surface temperatures were measured by the AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite, while the cloud images were taken by the Imager on the GOES-12 satellite. || ", "hits": 43 }, { "id": 2816, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2816/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-09-30T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Recipe of a Hurricane (Part 1) - Sea Surface Temperature (match rendered)", "description": "This visualization was created in support of the 'Recipe for a Hurricane' live shot campaign. This visualization shows Sea Surface Temperature as measured by the NASA Aqua satellite's Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) instrument. Temperature is represented by the colors in the ocean. Orange and red indicate the necessary 82-degree and warmer sea surface temperatures for a hurricane to form. This visualization was match-frame rendered to another visualization showing GOES clouds. || ", "hits": 23 }, { "id": 2817, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2817/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-09-30T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Recipe of a Hurricane (Part 1) - Sea Surface Temperature", "description": "This visualization was created in support of the 'Recipe for a Hurricane' live shot campaign. This visualization shows sea surface temperature as measured by the NASA Aqua satellite's Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) instrument. Temperature is represented by the colors in the ocean. Orange and red indicate the necessary 82-degree and warmer sea surface temperatures for a hurricane to form.This version keeps the camera focused on the east coast of North America. || ", "hits": 18 }, { "id": 2824, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2824/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-09-30T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Cold Water Trails from Hurricanes Fabian and Isabel", "description": "As the hurricanes move through the ocean, they each leave a wake of cold water. This visualization shows the cold water trails left by Hurricanes Fabian and Isabel. The red/orange/blue colors represent the ocean temperatures (orange/red is 82 degrees F and higher). || a002824.00005_print.png (720x480) [737.0 KB] || coldTrail_640x480_pre.jpg (320x240) [20.5 KB] || coldTrail_320x240_thm.png (80x40) [7.9 KB] || coldTrail_640x480_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [121.9 KB] || coldTrail_NTSC.webmhd.webm (960x540) [3.4 MB] || 720x486_4x3_29.97p (720x486) [32.0 KB] || coldTrail_640x480.mpg (640x480) [5.8 MB] || coldTrail_NTSC.m2v (720x480) [19.0 MB] || a002824.dv (720x480) [64.8 MB] || a002824_coldTrail_NTSC.mp4 (640x480) [1.9 MB] || coldTrail_320x240.mpg (320x240) [1.5 MB] || ", "hits": 29 }, { "id": 2691, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2691/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-02-03T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies", "description": "Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies show the development of the 2002/2003 El Niño based on data from NASA's Aqua spacecraft. || Sea surface temperature anomalies from 2002/2003 || a002691.00040_print.png (720x480) [667.4 KB] || sst_pre.jpg (320x218) [16.0 KB] || a002691.webmhd.webm (960x540) [4.2 MB] || 720x486_4x3_29.97p (720x486) [16.0 KB] || a002691.dv (720x480) [58.4 MB] || sst.mpg (352x240) [2.2 MB] || a002691_320.m1v (320x240) [3.1 MB] || ", "hits": 11 }, { "id": 2692, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2692/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-02-03T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (with dates)", "description": "Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies show the development of the 2002/2003 El Niño based on data from NASA's Aqua spacecraft. || ", "hits": 18 }, { "id": 2695, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2695/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-02-03T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "SST Anomalies + Wind Anomalies", "description": "Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and sea surface wind anomalies show the development of the 2002/2003 El Niño based on data from NASA's Aqua and QuikSCAT spacecraft. The wind data has been processed using the Variational Analysis Method (VAM). || ", "hits": 17 }, { "id": 2696, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2696/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-02-03T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "SST Anomalies + Wind Anomalies (with dates)", "description": "Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and sea surface wind anomalies show the development of the 2002/2003 El Niño based on data from NASA's Aqua and QuikSCAT spacecraft. The wind data has been processed using the Variational Analysis Method (VAM). || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 2432, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2432/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-04-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly from July 5, 2001 to March 10, 2002", "description": "This animation depicts the difference between the actual sea surface temperature and the average climatology data. Blue areas indicate temperatures colder than average while red areas indicate regions that are warmer. Temperature values between -4 degrees and +3 degrees are mapped to gradient color ramps, and regions with less than one degree deviation from average are shown as gray. || ", "hits": 20 }, { "id": 2398, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2398/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-03-07T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Global Sea Surface Temperature from MODIS between July 2001 and February 2002", "description": "This animation shows the sea surface temperature in the Pacific Ocean in false color from July 2001 to the middle of February 2002 || a002398.00100_print.png (720x480) [467.1 KB] || sstdaily_pre.jpg (320x240) [10.6 KB] || a002398.webmhd.webm (960x540) [3.0 MB] || a002398.dv (720x480) [47.3 MB] || sstdaily.mpg (320x240) [1.4 MB] || ", "hits": 30 }, { "id": 2399, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2399/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-03-07T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "A Close View of Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly for February 15, 2002", "description": "This image shows the difference between the actual sea surface temperature data and the average climatology data in the eastern portion of the Pacific Ocean for February 15, 2002. || closeanomaly.jpg (2880x1944) [2.2 MB] || closeanomaly_web.png (320x216) [156.3 KB] || closeanomaly_thm.png (80x40) [7.4 KB] || closeanomaly_searchweb.png (320x180) [107.0 KB] || closeanomaly.tif (2880x1944) [12.4 MB] || ", "hits": 13 }, { "id": 2400, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2400/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-03-07T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "A Pacific View of Sea Surface Temperature from MODIS for February 15, 2002", "description": "Sea surface temperature in the Pacific Ocean is shown in false color for February 15, 2002 || pacificsst.jpg (2880x1944) [1.3 MB] || pacificsst_web.png (320x216) [108.3 KB] || pacificsst_thm.png (80x40) [6.1 KB] || pacificsst_searchweb.png (320x180) [96.7 KB] || pacificsst.tif (2880x1944) [8.7 MB] || Video slate image reads \"A Pacific View of Sea Surface Temperature from MODIS for February 15, 2002\". || a002400_slate.jpg (720x528) [133.4 KB] || a002400_slate_web.png (320x234) [111.3 KB] || ", "hits": 8 }, { "id": 2401, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2401/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-03-07T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "A Pacific View of Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly for February 15, 2002", "description": "This anomaly image shows the difference between the actual sea surface temperature and the average climatology data in the Pacific Ocean for February 15, 2002. || pacificanomaly.jpg (2880x1944) [2.2 MB] || pacificanomaly_web.png (320x216) [153.8 KB] || pacificanomaly_thm.png (80x40) [7.3 KB] || pacificanomaly_searchweb.png (320x180) [121.5 KB] || pacificanomaly.tif (2880x1944) [12.3 MB] || ", "hits": 17 }, { "id": 2395, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2395/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-03-05T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Pulse of the Planet", "description": "Akin to a living creature, Earth's land, air, oceans, ice, and life fit together into a complex, interlocking system. Space affords a unique vantage point from which to observe the daily, seasonal, and annual changes in Earth's systems. Using data from advanced satellites, NASA visualizations portray a majestic, and sometimes violent, natural world and also capture the influences humans have on the planet.Over 80 NASA-related earth science animations created over the past 8 years implementing realtime and non-realtime techniques have been used on this visual journey. Tools used included IDL, Lightwave3D, Final Cut Pro, Performer, Vis5D, and custom software. || ", "hits": 64 }, { "id": 1310, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1310/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-12-01T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Bolivian Deforestation 1984-1998: Fast Dissolve without Dates", "description": "These images show deforestation near Santa Cruz, Bolivia from 1984 to 1998. In the initial 1984 scene, some clearing has already occurred in the humid forest and chaparral. The long striped clearings in the center of the scene are predominately from soybean farms created by Mennonite and Japanese farmers. The more circular patterns, appears in a grid pattern to the North (up) and West (left), are government-run and 'national' farms. The scene is roughly 150 miles tall and 200 miles wide. The city of Santa Cruz lies to the west of the river cutting through the scene. || ", "hits": 14 }, { "id": 1311, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1311/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-12-01T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Bolivian Deforestation 1984-1998: Fast Dissolve with Dates", "description": "An animation of Bolivian deforestation from 1984 to 1998 from Landsat imagery || a001311.00095_print.png (720x480) [402.7 KB] || a001311_thm.png (80x40) [3.9 KB] || a001311_pre.jpg (320x238) [5.5 KB] || a001311_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [35.4 KB] || a001311.webmhd.webm (960x540) [2.3 MB] || a001311.dv (720x480) [79.5 MB] || a001311.mpg (352x240) [2.9 MB] || ", "hits": 7 }, { "id": 1312, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1312/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-12-01T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Bolivian Deforestation 1984-1998: Slow Dissolve without Dates", "description": "An animation of Bolivian deforestation from 1984 to 1998 from Landsat imagery || a001312.00005_print.png (720x480) [401.7 KB] || a001312_thm.png (80x40) [4.1 KB] || a001312_pre.jpg (320x238) [5.5 KB] || a001312_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [37.4 KB] || a001312.webmhd.webm (960x540) [3.6 MB] || a001312.dv (720x480) [134.2 MB] || a001312.mpg (352x240) [4.8 MB] || ", "hits": 36 }, { "id": 1313, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1313/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-12-01T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Bolivian Deforestation 1984-1998: Slow Dissolve with Dates", "description": "An animation of Bolivian deforestation from 1984 to 1998 from Landsat imagery || a001313.00005_print.png (720x480) [401.7 KB] || a001313_thm.png (80x40) [3.4 KB] || a001313_pre.jpg (320x238) [5.5 KB] || a001313_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [33.5 KB] || a001313.webmhd.webm (960x540) [3.5 MB] || a001313.dv (720x480) [124.5 MB] || a001313.mpg (352x240) [4.6 MB] || ", "hits": 9 }, { "id": 663, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/663/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-05-04T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Digital Earth", "description": "The Digital Earth is a virtual representation of our planet that enables a person to explore and interact with the vast amounts of natural, cultural, and historical information being gathered about the Earth. This video describes the need for such a system, possible uses of a Digital Earth system, and the technologies and organizations that must come together in order for it to become a reality. || ", "hits": 87 }, { "id": 579, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/579/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "UARS: The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite", "description": "This video summarizes science and data obtained by the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) mission. UARS was launched in 1991 to study ozone depletion and the processes that control the stratospheric ozone layer. Although the mission was intended to last only 18 months, UARS continued to operate 7.5 years after launch with 8 of the 10 instruments at the time this video was made. UARS has been one of the most successful NASA satellite programs. The spacecraft was developed and is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. || ", "hits": 67 }, { "id": 664, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/664/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Mississippi River During the Flood of September 1993", "description": "A flyby of the Mississippi River during the floods of September, 1993, from Landsat data || a000664.00005_print.png (720x480) [751.6 KB] || a000664_thm.png (80x40) [5.9 KB] || a000664_pre.jpg (320x238) [12.8 KB] || a000664_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [86.5 KB] || a000664.webmhd.webm (960x540) [13.3 MB] || a000664.dv (720x480) [197.1 MB] || a000664.mp4 (640x480) [10.6 MB] || a000664.mpg (352x240) [7.3 MB] || ", "hits": 58 }, { "id": 808, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/808/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Viewing the MLS Instrument on UARS", "description": "The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures microwave emission from ozone and chlorine monoxide, a major ozone destroying radical. || Locating MLS on UARS || a000808.00010_print.png (720x480) [437.1 KB] || a000808_pre.jpg (320x242) [7.0 KB] || a000808.webmhd.webm (960x540) [1.6 MB] || a000808.dv (720x480) [34.8 MB] || a000808.mp4 (640x480) [1.9 MB] || a000808.mpg (352x240) [1.1 MB] || ", "hits": 41 }, { "id": 809, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/809/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "MLS Looking at the Limb", "description": "The chemistry of ozone destruction involves very small quantities of stratospheric gases which change rapidly with altitude. UARS is able to determine the altitude variation of these gases by looking at the atmosphere edge on. This is called limb sounding. The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures microwave emission from ozone and chlorine monoxide, a major ozone destroying radical. || ", "hits": 53 }, { "id": 810, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/810/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Viewing the ISAMS and CLAES Instruments on UARS", "description": "Key to understanding the chlorine chemistry in the polar stratosphere is the measurement of polar stratospheric clouds, chlorine monoxide, and the reservoir gas chlorine nitrate. Polar stratospheric clouds are seen by the Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder, ISAMS, and chlorine nitrate has been measured by the Cryogen Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer, CLAES. Both ISAMS and CLAES make measurements by looking at infrared emission from cloud particles and trace gases. || ", "hits": 47 }, { "id": 811, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/811/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Viewing the HALOE Instrument on UARS", "description": "The Halogen Occultation Experiment, HALOE, was designed to carefully monitor hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride, byproducts of CFC destruction in the stratosphere. || ", "hits": 49 }, { "id": 812, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/812/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "HALOE Looking at the Sun", "description": "The Halogen Occultation Experiment, HALOE, was designed to carefully monitor hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride, byproducts of CFC destruction in the stratosphere. HALOE operates by observing the absorption of infrared radiation by these molecules against the rising and setting sun. || ", "hits": 48 }, { "id": 813, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/813/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Viewing the WINDII Instrument on UARS", "description": "The Wind Imaging Interferometer, WINDII, measures the winds in the mesosphere, using air glow. || Locating WINDII on UARS || a000813.00005_print.png (720x480) [378.6 KB] || a000813_thm.png (80x40) [5.1 KB] || a000813_pre.jpg (320x242) [5.5 KB] || a000813_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [30.0 KB] || a000813.webmhd.webm (960x540) [4.5 MB] || a000813.dv (720x480) [56.2 MB] || a000813.mp4 (640x480) [3.1 MB] || a000813.mpg (352x240) [1.6 MB] || ", "hits": 45 }, { "id": 814, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/814/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Viewing the HRDI Instrument on UARS", "description": "The High Resolution Doppler Interferometer, HRDI, measures winds in both the stratosphere and mesosphere. || Locating HRDI on UARS || a000814.00005_print.png (720x480) [453.3 KB] || a000814_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || a000814_pre.jpg (320x242) [8.5 KB] || a000814_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [58.3 KB] || a000814.webmhd.webm (960x540) [4.1 MB] || a000814.mp4 (640x480) [2.8 MB] || a000814.dv (720x480) [51.8 MB] || a000814.mpg (352x240) [1.8 MB] || ", "hits": 42 }, { "id": 815, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/815/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "1999-04-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Viewing the ACRIM Instrument on UARS", "description": "To understand the solar effects on the ozone layer, UARS was equipped with three instruments to measure the sun. One of them, the Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor, ACRIM, measures the total energy output from the sun. || ", "hits": 50 } ] }