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        {
            "id": 13580,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13580/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2020-04-14T10:30:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA Models the Complex Chemistry of Earth's Atmosphere",
            "description": "Music: \"Interconnecting Threads\" by Axel Tenner [GEMA]; \"Night Drift\" by Andrew Michael Britton [PRS], David Stephen Goldsmith [PRS], from Universal Production MusicWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. Complete transcript available. || ChemicalSpecies_Still_print.jpg (1024x576) [313.1 KB] || ChemicalSpecies_Still.jpg (3840x2160) [2.0 MB] || ChemicalSpecies_Still_searchweb.png (320x180) [104.5 KB] || ChemicalSpecies_Still_web.png (320x180) [104.5 KB] || ChemicalSpecies_Still_thm.png (80x40) [7.8 KB] || 13580_ChemSpecies_Final.mov (1920x1080) [1.8 GB] || 13580_ChemSpecies_Final_lowres.mp4 (1280x720) [82.5 MB] || 13580_ChemSpecies_Final.mp4 (1920x1080) [467.4 MB] || 13580_ChemSpecies_Final.webm (1920x1080) [2.7 MB] || ChemicalSpecies.en_US.srt [4.2 KB] || ChemicalSpecies.en_US.vtt [4.2 KB] || ",
            "hits": 31
        },
        {
            "id": 30590,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30590/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2015-05-07T10:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "From Observations to Models",
            "description": "NASA’s Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) uses the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 Data Assimilation System (GEOS­-5 DAS) to produce global numerical weather forecasts on a routine basis. GMAO forecasts play important roles in managing NASA’s fleet of science satellites and in researching the impact of new satellite observations. In order to provide timely information about the state of the atmosphere for NASA instrument teams and researchers, the GMAO runs the GEOS-­5 DAS four times each day in real time. For each forecast, it is necessary to provide accurate initial conditions that drive the GEOS-­5 forecasts. To do this, the best estimate of the full, three-dimensional atmospheric state is determined by combining the latest observations and a short-term, 6-­hour forecast—a process known as data assimilation. The GEOS-­5 DAS assimilates more than 5 million observations during each 6-hour assimilation period.These observations are assembled from a number of sources from around the globe, including NASA, NOAA, EUMETSAT (European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites), commercial airlines, the US Department of Defense, and many others. Similarly, each observation type has its own sampling characteristics. It can be seen in the animation how different observation types have different strategies. One of the main challenges of data assimilation is to understand how all these observations are alike, how they differ, and how they interact with each other.Funding for the development of the GEOS-5 model and data assimilation system development comes from NASA's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program and the NASA Weather Focus Area's contribution to the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation.The GEOS-5 DAS runs at the NASA Center for Climate Simulation, which is funded by NASA’s High-End Computing Program.For More Information:http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/http://www.nccs.nasa.gov/images/data_assim_story_072815.pdf || ",
            "hits": 85
        },
        {
            "id": 4149,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4149/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2014-03-05T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Hyperwall Show: CMIP5 - 21st Century Temperature and Precipitation Scenarios",
            "description": "These data visualizations from the NASA Center for Climate Simulation and NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., show how climate models used in the new report from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimate possible temperature and precipitation pattern changes throughout the 21st century. The United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change publishes a report on the consensus view of climate change science about every five to seven years. The first findings of the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) were released on Sept. 27, 2013, in the form of the Summary for Policymakers report and a draft of IPCC Working Group 1's Physical Science Basis. The IPCC does not perform new science but instead authors a report that establishes the established understanding of the world's climate science community.The report not only includes observations of the real world but also the results of climate model projections of how the Earth will respond as a system to rising greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. The IPCC's AR5 relies on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) effort, an international effort among the climate modeling community to coordinate climate change experiments. These visualizations represent the mean output of how certain groups of CMIP5 models responded to four different scenarios defined by the IPCC called Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). These four RCPs – 2.6, 4.5, 6 and 8.5 – represent a wide range of potential worldwide greenhouse gas emissions and sequestration scenarios for the coming century. The pathways are numbered based on the expected Watts per square meter – essentially a measure of how much heat energy is being trapped by the climate system – each scenario would produce. The pathways are partly based on the ultimate concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The current carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is around 400 parts per million, up from less than 300 parts per million at the end of the 19th century.The carbon dioxide concentrations in the year 2100 for each RCP are:RCP 2.6: 421 ppmRCP 4.5: 538 ppmRCP 6: 670 ppmRCP 8.5: 936 ppmEach visualization represents the mean output of a different number of models for each RCP, because data from all models in the CMIP5 project was not available in the same format for visualization for each RCP. All of the models compare a projection of temperatures and precipitation from 2006-2099 to a baseline historical average from 1971-2000. Thus, the values shown for each year represent the departure for that year compared to the observed average global surface temperature from 1971-2000. The IPCC report used 1986-2005 as a baseline period, making its reported anomalies slightly different from those shown in the visualizations. || ",
            "hits": 21
        },
        {
            "id": 11453,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11453/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2014-02-25T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Heating Up",
            "description": "Roughly every six years, the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) enlists hundreds of climate scientists worldwide in producing assessment reports. IPCC report authors rigorously evaluate the latest results from climate models run on supercomputers. Internationally, a few dozen modeling groups—including NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies—contributed projections of 21st century climate to the current IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. The models simulated how Earth might respond to different scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions and reduction measures. Watch the video to see how global temperatures respond to the “business as usual” scenario, where carbon dioxide concentrations rise to 936 parts per million—more than double today's levels of 400 parts per million—by the year 2100. || ",
            "hits": 18
        },
        {
            "id": 4110,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4110/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-09-27T09:52:00-04:00",
            "title": "CMIP5: 21st Century Temperature and Precipitation Scenarios",
            "description": "These data visualizations from the NASA Center for Climate Simulation and NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., show how climate models used in the new report from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimate possible temperature and precipitation pattern changes throughout the 21st century. The United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change publishes a report on the consensus view of climate change science about every five to seven years. The first findings of the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) were released on Sept. 27, 2013, in the form of the Summary for Policymakers report and a draft of IPCC Working Group 1's Physical Science Basis. The IPCC does not perform new science but instead authors a report that establishes the established understanding of the world's climate science community.The report not only includes observations of the real world but also the results of climate model projections of how the Earth will respond as a system to rising greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. The IPCC's AR5 relies on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) effort, an international effort among the climate modeling community to coordinate climate change experiments. These visualizations represent the mean output of how certain groups of CMIP5 models responded to four different scenarios defined by the IPCC called Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). These four RCPs – 2.6, 4.5, 6 and 8.5 – represent a wide range of potential worldwide greenhouse gas emissions and sequestration scenarios for the coming century. The pathways are numbered based on the expected Watts per square meter – essentially a measure of how much heat energy is being trapped by the climate system – each scenario would produce. The pathways are partly based on the ultimate concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The current carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is around 400 parts per million, up from less than 300 parts per million at the end of the 19th century.The carbon dioxide concentrations in the year 2100 for each RCP are:RCP 2.6: 421 ppmRCP 4.5: 538 ppmRCP 6: 670 ppmRCP 8.5: 936 ppmEach visualization represents the mean output of a different number of models for each RCP, because data from all models in the CMIP5 project was not available in the same format for visualization for each RCP. All of the models compare a projection of temperatures and precipitation from 2006-2099 to a baseline historical average from 1971-2000. Thus, the values shown for each year represent the departure for that year compared to the observed average global surface temperature from 1971-2000. The IPCC report used 1986-2005 as a baseline period, making its reported anomalies slightly different from those shown in the visualizations. || ",
            "hits": 62
        },
        {
            "id": 4105,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4105/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-09-27T08:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "CMIP5: 21st Century Temperature Scenarios",
            "description": "These data visualizations from the NASA Center for Climate Simulation and NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., show how climate models used in the new report from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimate possible temperature pattern changes throughout the 21st century. The United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change publishes a report on the consensus view of climate change science about every five to seven years. The first findings of the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) were released on Sept. 27, 2013, in the form of the Summary for Policymakers report and a draft of IPCC Working Group 1's Physical Science Basis. The IPCC does not perform new science but instead authors a report that establishes the established understanding of the world's climate science community.The report not only includes observations of the real world but also the results of climate model projections of how the Earth will respond as a system to rising greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. The IPCC's AR5 relies on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) effort, an international effort among the climate modeling community to coordinate climate change experiments. These visualizations represent the mean output of how of how certain groups of CMIP5 models responded to four different scenarios defined by the IPCC called Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). These four RCPs – 2.6, 4.5, 6 and 8.5 – represent a wide range of potential worldwide greenhouse gas emissions and sequestration scenarios for the coming century. The pathways are numbered based on the expected Watts per square meter – essentially a measure of how much heat energy is being trapped by the climate system – each scenario would produce. The pathways are partly based on the ultimate concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The current carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is around 400 parts per million, up from less than 300 parts per million at the end of the 19th century.The carbon dioxide concentrations in the year 2100 for each RCP are:RCP 2.6: 421 ppmRCP 4.5: 538 ppmRCP 6: 670 ppmRCP 8.5: 936 ppmEach visualization represents the mean output of a different number of models for each RCP, because data from all models in the CMIP5 project was not available in the same format for visualization for each RCP. All of the models compare a projection of temperatures from 2006-2099 to a baseline historical average from 1971-2000. Thus, the values shown for each year represent the departure for that year compared to the observed average global surface temperature from 1971-2000. The IPCC report used 1986-2005 as a baseline period, making its reported anomalies slightly different from those shown in the visualizations. || ",
            "hits": 87
        },
        {
            "id": 4106,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4106/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-09-27T08:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "CMIP5: 21st Century Precipitation Scenarios",
            "description": "These data visualizations from the NASA Center for Climate Simulation and NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., show how climate models used in the new report from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimate possible precipitation changes throughout the 21st century. The United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change publishes a report on the consensus view of climate change science about every five to seven years. The first findings of the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) were released on Sept. 27, 2013, in the form of the Summary for Policymakers report and a draft of IPCC Working Group 1's Physical Science Basis. The IPCC does not perform new science but instead authors a report that establishes the established understanding of the world's climate science community.The report not only includes observations of the real world but also the results of climate model projections of how the Earth will respond as a system to rising greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. The IPCC's AR5 relies on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) effort, an international effort among the climate modeling community to coordinate climate change experiments. These visualizations represent the mean output of how certain groups of CMIP5 models responded to four different scenarios called Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). These four RCPs – 2.6, 4.5, 6 and 8.5 – represent a wide range of potential worldwide greenhouse gas emissions and sequestration scenarios for the coming century. The pathways are numbered based on the expected Watts per square meter – essentially a measure of how much heat energy is being trapped by the climate system – each scenario would produce. The pathways are partly based on the ultimate concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The current carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is around 400 parts per million, up from less than 300 parts per million at the end of the 19th century.The carbon dioxide concentrations in the year 2100 for each RCP are:RCP 2.6: 421 ppmRCP 4.5: 538 ppmRCP 6: 670 ppmRCP 8.5: 936 ppmEach visualization represents the mean output of a different number of models for each RCP, because data from all models in the CMIP5 project was not available in the same format for visualization for each RCP. All of the models compare a projection of precipitation changes from 2006-2099 to a baseline historical average from 1971-2000. Thus, the values shown for each year represent the departure for that year compared to the observed average precipitation from 1971-2000. The IPCC report used 1986-2005 as a baseline period, making its reported anomalies slightly different from those shown in the visualizations. || ",
            "hits": 37
        },
        {
            "id": 11376,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11376/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2013-09-27T08:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "IPCC Projections of Temperature and Precipitation in the 21st Century",
            "description": "New data visualizations from the NASA Center for Climate Simulation and NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio show how climate models – those used in the new report from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) – estimate how temperature and precipitation patterns could change throughout the 21st century. For the IPCC's Physical Science Basis and Summary for Policymakers reports, scientists referenced an international climate modeling effort to study how the Earth might respond to four different scenarios of how much carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases would be emitted into the atmosphere throughout the 21st century. The Summary for Policymakers, the first official piece of the group's Fifth Assessment Report, was released Fri., Sept. 27.That modeling effort, called the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), includes dozens of climate models from institutions around the world, including from NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies.To produce visualizations that show temperature and precipitation changes similar to those included in the IPCC report, the NASA Center for Climate Simulation calculated mean model results for each of the four emissions scenarios. The final products are visual representations how much temperature and precipitation patterns would change through 2100 compared to the historical average from the end of the 20th century. The changes shown compare the model projections to the average temperature and precipitation benchmarks observed from 1971-2000. This baseline is different from the IPCC report, which uses a 1986-2005 baseline. Because the reference period from 1986-2005 was slightly warmer than 1971-2000, the visualizations are slightly different than those in the report, even though the same model data is used. || ",
            "hits": 133
        },
        {
            "id": 11269,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11269/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2013-06-06T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Tracking A Superstorm",
            "description": "Hurricane Sandy pummeled the East Coast late in 2012’s Atlantic hurricane season, causing 159 deaths and $70 billion in damages. Days before landfall, forecasts of its trajectory were still being made. Some computer models showed that a trough in the jet stream would kick the monster storm away from land and out to sea. Among the earliest to predict its true course was NASA’s GEOS-5 global atmosphere model. The model works by dividing Earth’s atmosphere into a virtual grid of stacked boxes. A supercomputer then solves mathematical equations inside each box to create a weather forecast predicting Sandy’s structure, path and other traits. The NASA model not only produced an accurate track of Sandy, but also captured fine-scale details of the storm’s changing intensity and winds. Watch the video to see it for yourself. || ",
            "hits": 26
        },
        {
            "id": 11016,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11016/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2012-07-31T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Simulated Nature Runs Its Course",
            "description": "The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season smashed records with 28 named storms, four Category 5 hurricanes (including Wilma, the all-time strongest), and the costliest U.S. natural disaster (Katrina). A NASA Goddard climate model called GEOS-5 revisited the season as part of a gigantic two-year simulation to better understand the processes of weather and climate. Seeded with observed sea surface temperatures—a key driver of hurricane formation—the model simulated weather events worldwide. One of the highest resolutions to date for a full-Earth model was used to run the simulation, taxing Goddard's Discover supercomputer for weeks. In total, the model spawned 23 Atlantic hurricanes and tropical storms during 2005—an impressive comparison to the actual number observed—and demonstrated an increased ability to model how these volatile cyclones change intensity as they evolve. The visualization shows simulated storms for September 2005 emerging and churning across the North Atlantic. || ",
            "hits": 32
        },
        {
            "id": 10977,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10977/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2012-05-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Paint By Particle",
            "description": "Satellites, balloon-borne instruments and ground-based devices make 30 million observations of the atmosphere each day. Yet these measurements still give an incomplete picture of the complex interactions within the membrane surrounding Earth. Enter climate models. Through mathematical experiments, modelers can move Earth forward or backward in time to create a dynamic portrait of the planet. Researchers from NASA Goddard's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office recently ran a simulation of the atmosphere that captured how winds whip aerosols around the world. Such simulations allow scientists to better understand how these tiny particulates travel in the atmosphere and influence weather and climate. In the visualization below, covering August 2006 to April 2007, watch as dust and sea salt swirl inside cyclones, carbon bursts from fires, sulfate streams from volcanoes—and see how these aerosols paint the modeled world. || ",
            "hits": 29
        },
        {
            "id": 3793,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3793/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-10-28T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Artificial World Captures Reality",
            "description": "A gold standard for supercomputer models that simulate Earth is the ability to recreate real events—snowstorms, tropical cyclones, long-term climate trends. By that benchmark, this 20-day run of one of the highest-resolution climate models in the world glitters. Called GEOS-5, the model was given data leading up to Feb. 2, 2010 and then predicted the atmosphere's response until Feb. 22, 2010 without any further input. The model simulated real weather events that took place during this period—two major snowstorms that struck the East Coast and a Pacific cyclone that formed out of intense convection in the tropics. A closer look at the simulation below reveals its complexity: 3-D cloud layers, the day-night cycle of humidity appearing and disappearing over the Amazon and streaky \"cloud streets\" that trail across the Atlantic from the U.S. coastline. || ",
            "hits": 27
        },
        {
            "id": 10563,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10563/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2010-06-02T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Supercomputing the Climate",
            "description": "Goddard Space Flight Center is the home of a state-of-the-art supercomputing facility called the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) that is capable of running highly complex models to help scientists better understand Earth's climate. || ",
            "hits": 36
        },
        {
            "id": 3619,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3619/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-09-01T18:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "A Tour of the Cryosphere 2009",
            "description": "The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. In these regions, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of each year. Since ice and snow exist relatively close to their melting point, they frequently change from solid to liquid and back again due to fluctuations in surface temperature. Although direct measurements of the cryosphere can be difficult to obtain due to the remote locations of many of these areas, using satellite observations scientists monitor changes in the global and regional climate by observing how regions of the Earth's cryosphere shrink and expand.This animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The animation begins in Antarctica, showing some unique features of the Antarctic landscape found nowhere else on earth. Ice shelves, ice streams, glaciers, and the formation of massive icebergs can be seen clearly in the flyover of the Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica. A time series shows the movement of iceberg B15A, an iceberg 295 kilometers in length which broke off of the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Moving farther along the coastline, a time series of the Larsen ice shelf shows the collapse of over 3,200 square kilometers ice since January 2002. As we depart from the Antarctic, we see the seasonal change of sea ice and how it nearly doubles the apparent area of the continent during the winter.From Antarctica, the animation travels over South America showing glacier locations on this mostly tropical continent. We then move further north to observe daily changes in snow cover over the North American continent. The clouds show winter storms moving across the United States and Canada, leaving trails of snow cover behind. In a close-up view of the western US, we compare the difference in land cover between two years: 2003 when the region received a normal amount of snow and 2002 when little snow was accumulated. The difference in the surrounding vegetation due to the lack of spring melt water from the mountain snow pack is evident.As the animation moves from the western US to the Arctic region, the areas affected by permafrost are visible. As time marches forward from March to September, the daily snow and sea ice recede and reveal the vast areas of permafrost surrounding the Arctic Ocean.The animation shows a one-year cycle of Arctic sea ice followed by the mean September minimum sea ice for each year from 1979 through 2008. The superimposed graph of the area of Arctic sea ice at this minimum clearly shows the dramatic decrease in Artic sea ice over the last few years.While moving from the Arctic to Greenland, the animation shows the constant motion of the Arctic polar ice using daily measures of sea ice activity. Sea ice flows from the Arctic into Baffin Bay as the seasonal ice expands southward. As we draw close to the Greenland coast, the animation shows the recent changes in the Jakobshavn glacier. Although Jakobshavn receded only slightly from 1964 to 2001, the animation shows significant recession from 2001 through 2009. As the animation pulls out from Jakobshavn, the effect of the increased flow rate of Greenland costal glaciers is shown by the thinning ice shelf regions near the Greenland coast.This animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website.Note: This animation is an update of the animation 'A Short Tour of the Cryosphere', which is itself an abridged version of the animation 'A Tour of the Cryosphere'. The popularity of the earlier animations and their continuing relevance prompted us to update the datasets in parts of the animation and to remake it in high definition. In certain cases, our experiences in using the earlier work have led us to tweak the presentation of some of the material to make it clearer. Our thanks to Dr. Robert Bindschadler for suggesting and supporting this remake. || ",
            "hits": 45
        },
        {
            "id": 3355,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3355/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-05-20T23:55:00-04:00",
            "title": "A Short Tour of the Cryosphere",
            "description": "A newer version of this animation is available here.This narrated, 5-minute animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet. This is a shorter version of a narrated, 7 1/2 minute animation entitled  'A Tour of the Cryosphere'.See the above link for a detailed description of the full animation.Two sections have been removed from the original animation: one showing a flyby of the South Pole station and glaciers feeding the Ross Ice Shelf and one showing solar data related to the Earth's energy balance.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website. || ",
            "hits": 32
        },
        {
            "id": 3181,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3181/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-12-04T23:55:00-05:00",
            "title": "A Tour of the Cryosphere",
            "description": "A new HD version of this animation is available here.Click here to go to the media download section.The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. In these regions, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of each year. Since ice and snow exist relatively close to their melting point, they frequently change from solid to liquid and back again due to fluctuations in surface temperature. Although direct measurements of the cryosphere can be difficult to obtain due to the remote locations of many of these areas, using satellite observations scientists monitor changes in the global and regional climate by observing how regions of the Earth's cryosphere shrink and expand.This animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The animation begins in Antarctica, showing ice thickness ranging from 2.7 to 4.8 kilometers thick along with swaths of polar stratospheric clouds. In a tour of this frozen continent, the animation shows some unique features of the Antarctic landscape found nowhere else on earth. Ice shelves, ice streams, glaciers, and the formation of massive icebergs can be seen. A time series shows the movement of iceberg B15A, an iceberg 295 kilometers in length which broke off of the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Moving farther along the coastline, a time series of the Larsen ice shelf shows the collapse of over 3,200 square kilometers ice since January 2002. As we depart from the Antarctic, we see the seasonal change of sea ice and how it nearly doubles the size of the continent during the winter.From Antarctica, the animation travels over South America showing areas of permafrost over this mostly tropical continent. We then move further north to observe daily changes in snow cover over the North American continent. The clouds show winter storms moving across the United States and Canada, leaving trails of snow cover behind. In a close-up view of the western US, we compare the difference in land cover between two years: 2003 when the region received a normal amount of snow and 2002 when little snow was accumulated. The difference in the surrounding vegetation due to the lack of spring melt water from the mountain snow pack is evident.As the animation moves from the western US to the Arctic region, the areas effected by permafrost are visible. In December, we see how the incoming solar radiation primarily heats the Southern Hemisphere. As time marches forward from December to June, the daily snow and sea ice recede as the incoming solar radiation moves northward to warm the Northern Hemisphere.Using satellite swaths that wrap the globe, the animation shows three types of instantaneous measurements of solar radiation observed on June 20, 2003: shortwave (reflected) radiation, longwave (thermal) radiation and net flux (showing areas of heating and cooling). Correlation between reflected radiation and clouds are evident. When the animation fades to show the monthly global average net flux, we see that the polar regions serve to cool the global climate by radiating solar energy back into space throughout the year.The animation shows a one-year cycle of the monthly average Arctic sea ice concentration followed by the mean September minimum sea ice for each year from 1979 through 2004. A red outline indicates the mean sea ice extent for September over 22 years, from 1979 to 2002. The minimum Arctic sea ice animation clearly shows how over the last 5 years the quantity of polar ice has decreased by 10 - 14% from the 22 year average.While moving from the Arctic to Greenland, the animation shows the constant motion of the Arctic polar ice using daily measures of sea ice activity. Sea ice flows from the Arctic into Baffin Bay as the seasonal ice expands southward. As we draw close to the Greenland coast, the animation shows the recent changes in the Jakobshavn glacier. Although Jakobshavn receded only slightly from 1042 to 2001, the animation shows significant recession over the past three years, from 2002 through 2004.This animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website. || ",
            "hits": 77
        },
        {
            "id": 3220,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3220/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-08-31T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Behold, A Whirlwind Came: The Science of Tracking Hurricanes",
            "description": "This documentary-style video shows how NASA computer modeling research is contributing to an improved understanding and forecasts of hurricanes. It weaves interviews of three Goddard Space Flight Center scientists with scientific visualizations and live-action footage of hurricanes and the scientists studying them. The video focuses on application of the NASA finite-volume General Circulation Model (fvGCM) to the 2004 Atlantic Ocean hurricane season. Over the last 20 years, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Hurricane Center and National Weather Service have produced enormous improvements in hurricane forecasting. However, by running at ~25-kilometer resolution (twice that of current operational forecasts), the NASA fvGCM has shown in some cases an accuracy of landfall prediction on the order of 100 kilometers up to 5 days in advance. Initial evaluation suggests that the potential exists for dramatic improvements in warning time and intensity forecasts for tropical cyclones around the globe. NASA has begun collaborating with the National Weather Service and other agencies worldwide to improve forecasts so that, among other advantages, local authorities can narrow areas for evacuation. The video was produced for the TerraLink exhibit at the Maryland Science Center in Baltimore.Winner of the 2005 Video Competition Crystal Award of Excellence. || ",
            "hits": 54
        },
        {
            "id": 2853,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2853/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-01-31T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Multisensor Fire Observations with Labels (HD Version)",
            "description": "From space, we can understand fires in ways that are impossible from the ground. New Earth-observing satellites capture the significant impact of fires on our planet. In this animation of fires around the globe in 2002, each red dot marks a new fire. Dots change color to yellow after a few days and to black when fires burn out. From brush fires in Africa to forest fires in North America, satellites are locating every significant fire on Earth to within one kilometer. In the summer and fall burning seasons, particularly destructive fires occurred in Colorado, Arizona, and Oregon. This version of the visualization displays descriptive text labels and color bars. There is a standard definition version available as well. || ",
            "hits": 26
        },
        {
            "id": 2854,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2854/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-01-31T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Multisensor Fire Observations without Labels (HD Version)",
            "description": "From space, we can understand fires in ways that are impossible from the ground. New Earth-observing satellites capture the significant impact of fires on our planet. In this animation of fires around the globe in 2002, each red dot marks a new fire. Dots change color to yellow after a few days and to black when fires burn out. From brush fires in Africa to forest fires in North America, satellites are locating every significant fire on Earth to within one kilometer. In the summer and fall burning seasons, particularly destructive fires occurred in Colorado, Arizona, and Oregon. This version of the animation displays a minimal set of labels. For a closed captioned version of this animation, see the standard definition version at animation ID 2806. || ",
            "hits": 29
        },
        {
            "id": 2707,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2707/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2003-11-03T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Multisensor Fire Observations",
            "description": "From space, we can understand fires in ways that are impossible from the ground. New Earth-observing satellites capture the significant impact of fires on our planet. In this animation of fires around the globe in 2002, each red dot marks a new fire. Dots change color to yellow after a few days and to black when fires burn out. From brush fires in Africa to forest fires in North America, satellites are locating every significant fire on Earth to within one kilometer. In the summer and fall burning seasons, particularly destructive fires occurred in Colorado, Arizona, and Oregon. || ",
            "hits": 35
        },
        {
            "id": 2806,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2806/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2003-11-03T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Multisensor Fire Observations without Labels",
            "description": "From space, we can understand fires in ways that are impossible from the ground. New Earth-observing satellites capture the significant impact of fires on our planet. In this animation of fires around the globe in 2002, each red dot marks a new fire. Dots change color to yellow after a few days and to black when fires burn out. From brush fires in Africa to forest fires in North America, satellites are locating every significant fire on Earth to within one kilometer. In the summer and fall burning seasons, particularly destructive fires occurred in Colorado, Arizona, and Oregon. This animation of remote sensing observations of fires and other related data was chosen as part of the SIGGRAPH 2003 Computer Animation Theater. (The only difference was that the SIGGRAPH version had shorter credits.) || ",
            "hits": 30
        },
        {
            "id": 2641,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2641/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-11-15T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "The SC2002 Conference Opening Video",
            "description": "This video introduced the latest in high-performance computing and communications and the best of host city Baltimore to keynote address attendees at the SuperComputing 2002 (SC2002) conference on Tuesday, November 19, 2002. || a002641.00010_print.png (720x480) [597.0 KB] || a002641_pre.jpg (320x262) [15.2 KB] || SVS2002-0034_The_SC2002_Conference_Opening_Video.webmhd.webm (960x540) [106.4 MB] || SVS2002-0034_The_SC2002_Conference_Opening_Video.mov (720x480) [1.6 GB] || a002641.dv (720x480) [1.4 GB] || a002641.mp4 (640x480) [82.9 MB] || a002641.mpg (320x240) [72.2 MB] || ",
            "hits": 12
        },
        {
            "id": 2395,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2395/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-03-05T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Pulse of the Planet",
            "description": "Akin to a living creature, Earth's land, air, oceans, ice, and life fit together into a complex, interlocking system.  Space affords a unique vantage point from which to observe the daily, seasonal, and annual changes in Earth's systems. Using data from advanced satellites, NASA visualizations portray a majestic, and sometimes violent, natural world and also capture the influences humans have on the planet.Over 80 NASA-related earth science animations created over the past 8 years implementing realtime and non-realtime techniques have been used on this visual journey.  Tools used included IDL, Lightwave3D, Final Cut Pro, Performer, Vis5D, and custom software. || ",
            "hits": 72
        },
        {
            "id": 2133,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2133/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2001-05-08T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Capitol Zoom - SIGGRAPH 2001 Final Submission",
            "description": "Capital Zoom is a seamless, cloudless zoom-in from a global view down to the nation's Capitol building that is composed entirely of satellite data.  This data includes IKONOS 1 meter data, Landsat-7 15/30 meter data, Terra/MODIS 250 meter data, and Terra/MODIS 8 kilometer data.  The visualization first zoomsin seamlessly, then zooms out/in showing where the different data set layers reside.This visualization has been accepted to SIGGRAPH 2001.  It includes narration.  This visualization was created using Maya for motion control, Renderman forrendering, IDL for pre-processing of the data, Imagine for image registration, and Photoshop for color matching. || ",
            "hits": 10
        },
        {
            "id": 737,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/737/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "1999-10-15T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Images of Earth and Space: SC99 Edition",
            "description": "From our home planet to distant neutron stars, this narrated video tape presents recent scientific visualizations of observation and simulation data. We begin with a dramatic journey over SC99 host city Portland and its surroundings. Later explorations accompany the X-33 aerospace plane on its first test flight, witness Mississippi River flooding, and follow global life over 22 months. New views of Mars reveal a basin that could swallow Mount Everest, while a simulation tests how rovers would navigate the red planet's terrain. We conclude with the first-ever supercomputer model producing a black hole from two merging neutron stars. || ",
            "hits": 61
        },
        {
            "id": 663,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/663/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "1999-05-04T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "The Digital Earth",
            "description": "The Digital Earth is a virtual representation of our planet that enables a person to explore and interact with the vast amounts of natural, cultural, and historical information being gathered about the Earth.  This video describes the need for such a system, possible uses of a Digital Earth system, and the technologies and organizations that must come together in order for it to become a reality. || ",
            "hits": 71
        },
        {
            "id": 329,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/329/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "1998-10-23T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Images of Earth and Space II",
            "description": "This videotape tours the Solar System and outer space using scientific visualizations from Goddard Space Flight Center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the HPCC Earth and Space Sciences Project. At the Sun, simulations investigate processes that create magnetic field and release energetic particles. Earth science begins with the Pacific Ocean, studying the 1997-98 El Niño and Cyclone Susan. Crossing the globe, visualizations trace North America's East Coast and ocean currents in the North Atlantic Ocean. The lights of the world's cities then show human impact. Next, two models probe nearby-space phenomena, fluid behavior in microgravity conditions and an asteroid collision. A jaunt to Mars explores the mountains and trenches of its dry, rocky exterior. The video concludes at a binary neutron star system, where two city-sized objects with the Sun's mass merge in a titanic explosion. || ",
            "hits": 76
        },
        {
            "id": 287,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/287/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "1998-04-01T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Visualizing El Niño",
            "description": "A narrated tape on the 1997 El Niño, showing the effects of El Niño through animations. || ",
            "hits": 75
        },
        {
            "id": 288,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/288/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "1998-04-01T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Visualizing El Niño Narration and Music",
            "description": "There are no multimedia files available here.  Please go to SVS ID#287 to watch the \"Visualizing El Niño\" movie. || ",
            "hits": 47
        },
        {
            "id": 251,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/251/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "1997-11-01T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Images of Earth and Space: SC97 Edition",
            "description": "The entire narrated Images video made for Supercomputing 97 || a000251_pre.jpg (320x238) [8.0 KB] || a000251_thm.png (80x40) [3.8 KB] || a000251_pre_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [45.9 KB] || preview_made_from_dv.00450_print.png (352x240) [104.0 KB] || a000251.webmhd.webm (960x540) [63.8 MB] || a000251.mpg (352x240) [156.0 MB] || ",
            "hits": 64
        },
        {
            "id": 110,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/110/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "1996-10-30T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Images of Earth and Space: Supercomputing 96",
            "description": "This animation includes seven visualizations from Goddard Space Flight Center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and NASA HPCC Earth and Space Sciences Project investigators. In order of appearance, they are stellar turbulence, 3D colliding black holes, star formation, solar surge, Hurricane Florence, Southern California fly-over, and a running skeleton. Classical music accompanies the visuals. || ",
            "hits": 52
        },
        {
            "id": 97,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/97/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "1996-02-08T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Images of Earth and Space: The Role of Visualization in NASA Science",
            "description": "This compilation video contains visualizations of Earth and Space Sciences resulting from supercomputer models. The excerpted visualizations include: Ocean Planet, El Niño, Ozone 1991, Clouds, Changes in Glacier Bay, Alaska, Biosphere, Lunar Topography from the Clementine Mission, Musculoskeletal Modeling Dynamic Simulations, Simulations of the Breakup and Dynamical Evolution of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9, Convective Penetration in Stellar Interiors, Topological Features of a Compressible Plasma Vortex Sheet: A Model for the Outer Heliospheric Solar Wind, R-Aquarii Jet, The Evolution of Distorted Black Holes, Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in a Supernova, Galaxy Harassment, N-Body Simulation of the Cold Dark Matter Cosmology. || ",
            "hits": 114
        }
    ]
}