{
    "count": 40,
    "next": null,
    "previous": null,
    "results": [
        {
            "id": 5443,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5443/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2024-12-17T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Heliophysics Sentinels 2024",
            "description": "There have been some changes since the 2022 Heliophysics Fleet.  AIM and ICON have been decommissioned while two other instruments have been added.  AWE is an instrument mounted on the ISS, and RAD is a particle detector on the Curiosity Mars rover.  As of Winter 2024, here's a tour of the NASA Heliophysics fleet from the near-Earth satellites out to the Voyagers beyond the heliopause. || ",
            "hits": 82
        },
        {
            "id": 4898,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4898/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2022-11-23T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Heliophysics Sentinels 2022",
            "description": "There has been one significant change since the 2020 Heliophysics Fleet.  SET has been decommissioned.  As of Fall 2022, here's a tour of the NASA Heliophysics fleet from the near-Earth satellites out to the Voyagers beyond the heliopause.Excepting the Voyager missions, the satellite orbits are color coded for their observing program:Magenta: TIM (Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere) observationsYellow: solar observations and imageryCyan: Geospace and magnetosphereViolet: Heliospheric observations || ",
            "hits": 40
        },
        {
            "id": 13954,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13954/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2021-10-06T04:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "With NASA Data, Researchers Find Standing Waves at Edge of Earth’s Magnetic Bubble",
            "description": "Earth sails the solar system in a ship of its own making: the magnetosphere, the magnetic field that envelops and protects our planet. The celestial sea we find ourselves in is filled with charged particles flowing from the Sun, known as the solar wind. Just as ocean waves follow the wind, scientists expected that waves traveling along the magnetosphere should ripple in the direction of the solar wind. But a new study reveals some waves do just the opposite.Studying these magnetospheric waves, which transport energy, helps scientists understand the complicated ways that solar activity plays out in the space around Earth. Changing conditions in space driven by the Sun are known as space weather. That weather can impact our technology from communications satellites in orbit to power lines on the ground. “Understanding the boundaries of any system is a key problem,” said Martin Archer, a space physicist at Imperial College London who led the new study, published today in Nature Communications. “That’s how stuff gets in: energy, momentum, matter.” || ",
            "hits": 172
        },
        {
            "id": 4887,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4887/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2021-03-01T10:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Heliophysics Sentinels 2020 (Forecast Version)",
            "description": "In addition to the NASA missions used in research for space weather (see 2020 Heliophysics Fleet) there are additional missions operated by NOAA used for space weather forecasting.  As of spring 2020, here's a tour of the NASA and NOAA Heliophysics fleets from the near-Earth satellites out to the inner solar system.The satellite orbits are color coded for their observing program:Magenta: TIM (Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere) observationsYellow: solar observations and imageryCyan: Geospace and magnetosphereViolet: Heliospheric observations || ",
            "hits": 39
        },
        {
            "id": 4822,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4822/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2020-09-15T10:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Heliophysics Sentinels 2020",
            "description": "There have been few changes since the 2018 Heliophysics Fleet.  Van Allen Probes and SORCE have been decommissioned, while Solar Orbiter, ICON and SET have been added.  As of spring 2020, here's a tour of the NASA Heliophysics fleet from the near-Earth satellites out to the Voyagers beyond the heliopause.Excepting the Voyager missions, the satellite orbits are color coded for their observing program:Magenta: TIM (Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere) observationsYellow: solar observations and imageryCyan: Geospace and magnetosphereViolet: Heliospheric observations || ",
            "hits": 45
        },
        {
            "id": 13687,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13687/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2020-08-14T10:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA Spacecraft Uncover Mystery Behind Auroral Beads",
            "description": "A special type of aurora, draped east-west across the night sky like a glowing pearl necklace, is helping scientists better understand the science of auroras and their powerful drivers out in space. Known as auroral beads, these lights often show up just before large auroral displays, which are caused by electrical storms in space called substorms. Until now, scientists weren’t sure if auroral beads are somehow connected to other auroral displays as a phenomenon in space that precedes substorms, or if they are caused by disturbances closer to Earth’s atmosphere.But powerful new computer models, combined with observations from NASA’s Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms – THEMIS – mission, have provided the first direct evidence of the events in space that lead to the appearance of these beads, and demonstrated the important role they play in our local space environment. || ",
            "hits": 100
        },
        {
            "id": 4360,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4360/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2018-12-10T11:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Heliophysics Sentinels 2018",
            "description": "This movie presents the trajectories of the heliophysics fleet from close to Earth to out beyond the heliopause. || Sentinels2018.Sentinels2Voyager.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.UHD3840.00000_print.jpg (1024x576) [74.5 KB] || Sentinels2018.Sentinels2Voyager.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.UHD3840.00000_searchweb.png (180x320) [65.6 KB] || Sentinels2018.Sentinels2Voyager.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.UHD3840.00000_thm.png (80x40) [5.1 KB] || Sentinels2018.Sentinels2Voyager_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [40.3 MB] || Sentinels2018.Sentinels2Voyager_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [6.3 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Sentinels2018.Sentinels2Voyager_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [125.7 MB] || Sentinels2018.Sentinels2Voyager_1080p30.mp4.hwshow || ",
            "hits": 43
        },
        {
            "id": 4595,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4595/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2017-11-27T10:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Mapping Particle Injections in Earth's Magnetosphere",
            "description": "A view from above the northern hemisphere of particle injection propagation constructed from their respective satellite detections.  Distinct injections, and their detection by satellites, are represented by different colors. || MagnetosphereMultiMission.top.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.HD1080i.01200_print.jpg (1024x576) [115.4 KB] || MagnetosphereMultiMission.top.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.HD1080i.01200_searchweb.png (320x180) [82.7 KB] || MagnetosphereMultiMission.top.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.HD1080i.01200_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || TopView (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || MagnetosphereMultiMission.top.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [29.7 MB] || MagnetosphereMultiMission.top.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [6.1 MB] || TopView (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || MagnetosphereMultiMission.top.UHD3840_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [93.0 MB] || MagnetosphereMultiMission.top.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [207 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 76
        },
        {
            "id": 4589,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4589/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2017-10-25T10:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Heliophysics Sentinels 2017",
            "description": "This visualization starts from near Earth and the Earth orbiting satellite fleet out to the Moon, then past the Sun-Earth Lagrange point 1 to out beyond the heliopause.  This is the long-play version. || Sentinels2017.Sentinels2Voyager.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.UHD3840.00000_print.jpg (1024x576) [136.1 KB] || Sentinels2017.Sentinels2Voyager.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.UHD3840.00000_searchweb.png (180x320) [84.6 KB] || Sentinels2017.Sentinels2Voyager.GSE.AU.clockSlate_EarthTarget.UHD3840.00000_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || Sentinels2017.Sentinels2Voyager.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [12.4 MB] || SlowPlay (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Sentinels2017.Sentinels2Voyager.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [111.6 MB] || SlowPlay (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || Sentinels2017.Sentinels2Voyager_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [336.2 MB] || Sentinels2017.Sentinels2Voyager.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [209 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 31
        },
        {
            "id": 30822,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30822/",
            "result_type": "Infographic",
            "release_date": "2016-12-06T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "NASA's Heliophysics Fleet",
            "description": "The current Heliophysics fleet || hpd-fleet-chart-jan-2024_print.jpg (1024x576) [180.0 KB] || hpd-fleet-chart-jan-2024.png (3840x2160) [7.3 MB] || hpd-fleet-chart-jan-2024_searchweb.png (320x180) [91.3 KB] || hpd-fleet-chart-jan-2024_thm.png (80x40) [7.2 KB] || nasas-fleets-by-division-helio-jewel.hwshow [228 bytes] ||",
            "hits": 79
        },
        {
            "id": 4513,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4513/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2016-11-14T13:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Shock Drift Acceleration (SDA)",
            "description": "This visualization of particle acceleration across a shock is a simplied representation of shock drift acceleration (SDA) showing the motion of electrons (yellow) and protons (blue).  It is presented with the same color table designations as other critters in our Plasma Zoo. || SDAShock_tour_inertial.HD1080i.1000_print.jpg (1024x576) [124.6 KB] || SDAShock_tour_inertial.HD1080i.1000_searchweb.png (320x180) [83.0 KB] || SDAShock_tour_inertial.HD1080i.1000_thm.png (80x40) [5.3 KB] || StandardVersion (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || SDAShock_tour_standard.HD1080i_p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [72.8 MB] || SDAShock_tour_standard.HD1080i_p30.webm (1920x1080) [7.1 MB] || StandardVersion (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || SDAShock_tour_standard.UHD3840_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [232.9 MB] || SDAShock_tour_standard.HD1080i_p30.mp4.hwshow [200 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 97
        },
        {
            "id": 12040,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12040/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2015-11-04T16:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "NASA Observes Auroras Across Canada",
            "description": "These aurora images were taken from the ground looking up with a network of all-sky cameras spread across Canada, studying auroras in collaboration with NASA’s Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, or THEMIS, mission. Taking images of aurora from the ground in conjunction with satellite data taken from above the atmosphere gives scientists a more comprehensive picture of how and why the aurora form. The ground-based camera network is also observing this week’s auroras.  The aurora data is provided courtesy of S. Mende at University California Berkeley and E. Donovan at the University of Calgary, logistical support in fielding and data retrieval from the ground-based stations is provided by the Canadian Space Agency. The array of aurora images is funded by NSF in support of GIMNAST through grant AGS-1004736.Credit: NASA/CSA/University of California, Berkeley/University of Calgary/NSF || Storm_0386.jpg (1944x1080) [1.4 MB] || Storm_0386_print.jpg (1024x568) [476.9 KB] || Storm_0386_searchweb.png (180x320) [150.3 KB] || Storm_0386_thm.png (80x40) [33.8 KB] || 1944x1080_16x9_20p (1944x1080) [128.0 KB] || Auroras_Across_Canada-MPEG4_1944x1080_24.mp4 (1944x1080) [54.0 MB] || Auroras_Across_Canada_ProRes_1944x1080_24.webm (1944x1080) [10.3 MB] || Auroras_Across_Canada_ProRes_1944x1080_24.mov (1944x1080) [1.4 GB] || Auroras_Across_Canada-H264_Best_1944x1080_24.mov (1944x1080) [658.5 MB] || Auroras_Across_Canada-H264_Good_1944x1080_24.mov (1944x1080) [130.4 MB] || Auroras_Across_Canada.hwshow [223 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 23
        },
        {
            "id": 4288,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4288/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2015-06-10T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "The 2015 Earth-Orbiting Heliophysics Fleet",
            "description": "Movie showing the heliosphysics missions from near Earth orbit out to the orbit of the Moon.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || Helio2015A.MMStour.slate_RigRHS.HD1080i.0500_print.jpg (1024x576) [112.6 KB] || Helio2015A.MMStour.HD1080.webm (1920x1080) [6.7 MB] || WithoutTimeStamp (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || Helio2015A.MMStour.HD1080.mov (1920x1080) [196.3 MB] || Helio2015_4288.pptx [198.6 MB] || Helio2015_4288.key [201.3 MB] || ",
            "hits": 58
        },
        {
            "id": 4127,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4127/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-12-16T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "The 2013 Earth-Orbiting Heliophysics Fleet",
            "description": "There've been a few changes since the 2012 Earth-Orbiting Heliophysics Fleet. As of Fall of 2013, here's a tour of the NASA Near-Earth Heliophysics fleet, covering the space from near-Earth orbit out to the orbit of the Moon.The satellite orbits are color coded for their observing program:Magenta: TIM (Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere) observationsYellow: solar observations and imageryCyan: Geospace and magnetosphereViolet: Heliospheric observationsNear-Earth Fleet:Hinode: Observes the Sun in multiple wavelengths up to x-rays. SVS pageRHESSI : Observes the Sun in x-rays and gamma-rays. SVS pageTIMED: Studies the upper layers (40-110 miles up) of the Earth's atmosphere.FAST: Measures particles and fields in regions where aurora form.CINDI: Measures interactions of neutral and charged particles in the ionosphere. SORCE: Monitors solar intensity across a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum.AIM: Images and measures noctilucent clouds. SVS pageVan Allen Probes: Two probes moving along the same orbit esigned to study the impact of space weather on Earth's radiation belts. SVS pageTWINS: Two Wide-Angle Imaging Neutral-Atom Spectrometers (TWINS) are two probes observing the Earth with neutral atom imagers.IRIS: Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph is designed to take high-resolution spectra and images of the region between the solar photosphere and solar atmosphere.Geosynchronous Fleet:SDO: Solar Dynamics Observatory keeps the Sun under continuous observation at 16 megapixel resolution.GOES: The newest GOES satellites include a solar X-ray imager operated by NOAA.Geospace Fleet:Geotail: Conducts measurements of electrons and ions in the Earth's magnetotail. Cluster: This is a group of four satellites which fly in formation to measure how particles and fields in the magnetosphere vary in space and time. SVS pageTHEMIS: This is a fleet of three satellites to study how magnetospheric instabilities produce substorms. Two of the original five satellites were moved into lunar orbit to become ARTEMIS. SVS page IBEX: The Interstellar Boundary Explorer measures the flux of neutral atoms from the heliopause.Lunar Orbiting FleetARTEMIS: Two of the THEMIS satellites were moved into lunar orbit to study the interaction of the Earth's magnetosphere with the Moon. || ",
            "hits": 66
        },
        {
            "id": 4080,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4080/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-09-26T14:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Reconnection Fronts - When Satellites Align...",
            "description": "In July of 2012, a fleet of spacecraft studying Earth's magnetosphere were in an ideal alignment to detect a particle flow predicted in magnetospheric models. The grey mesh shell structure represents the approximate location of the magnetopause.In this visualization, THEMIS, ARTEMIS (in orbit around the Moon), and Geotail, as well as the particle detectors on the GOES-13 and GOES-15 satellites achieved a good alignment around 09:45 on July 3, 2012 to detect one of the particle flows predicted by magnetospheric models. || ",
            "hits": 57
        },
        {
            "id": 4088,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4088/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-09-26T14:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Reconnection Fronts - What the Models Say...",
            "description": "Mathematical models of Earth's magnetosphere have become increasingly more complex and accurate. They have sufficient detail to illustrate many small-scale phenomena.In this simulation run of the Geospace General Circulation Model (GGCM) we see new details that have been observed by in situ satellites. As the solar wind is deflected around Earth's magnetosphere (the 'bubble' of plasma surrounding Earth held by Earth's magnetic field), plasma flows within the bubble can change. In the graphics below, physical variables such as magnetic field and electric currents are plotted. With these variables, we overlay the net flow of the plasma (arrows), subjected to selection criteria to separate flows of plasma away from Earth and towards Earth. Green arrows are low-speed flows (below about 150 kilometers/second), while red arrows correspond to high-speed plasmal flows (about 300 kilometers/second and higher). || ",
            "hits": 49
        },
        {
            "id": 11309,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11309/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2013-09-26T14:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Several NASA Spacecraft Track Energy Through Space",
            "description": "Taking advantage of an unprecedented alignment of eight satellites through the vast magnetic environment that surrounds Earth in space, including NASA's ARTEMIS and THEMIS, scientists now have comprehensive details of the energy's journey through a process that forms the aurora, called a substorm. Their results showed that small events unfolding over the course of a millisecond can result in energy flows that last up to half an hour and cover an area 10 times larger than Earth.Trying to understand how gigantic explosions on the sun can create space weather effects involves tracking energy from the original event all the way to Earth. It's not unlike keeping tabs on a character in a play with many costume changes, because the energy changes form frequently along its journey: magnetic energy causes eruptions that lead to kinetic energy as particles hurtle away, or thermal energy as the particles heat up. Near Earth, the energy can change through all these various forms once again.Most of the large and small features of substorms take place largely in the portion of Earth's magnetic environment called the magnetotail. Earth sits inside a large magnetic bubble called the magnetosphere. As Earth orbits around the sun, the solar wind from the sun streams past the bubble, stretching it outward into a teardrop. The magnetotail is the long point of the teardrop trailing out to more than 1 million miles on the night side of Earth. The moon orbits Earth much closer, some 240,000 miles away, crossing in and out of the magnetotail. || ",
            "hits": 64
        },
        {
            "id": 3969,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3969/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-09-20T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "The 2012 Earth-Orbiting Heliophysics Fleet",
            "description": "Since Sentinels of the Heliosphere in 2008, there have been a few new missions, and a few missions have been shut down. As of Fall of 2012, here's a tour of the NASA Near-Earth Heliophysics fleet, covering the space from near-Earth orbit out to the orbit of the Moon.Revision (November 9, 2012): The RBSP mission has been renamed the Van Allen Probes. NASA Press Release.The satellite orbits are color coded for their observing program:Magenta: TIM (Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere) observationsYellow: solar observations and imageryCyan: Geospace and magnetosphereViolet: Heliospheric observationsNear-Earth Fleet:Hinode: Observes the Sun in multiple wavelengths up to x-rays. SVS pageRHESSI : Observes the Sun in x-rays and gamma-rays. SVS pageTIMED: Studies the upper layers (40-110 miles up) of the Earth's atmosphere.FAST: Measures particles and fields in regions where aurora form.CINDI: Measures interactions of neutral and charged particles in the ionosphere. SORCE: Monitors solar intensity across a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum.AIM: Images and measures noctilucent clouds. SVS pageRBSP: (Renamed the Van Allen Probes) Designed to study the impact of space weather on Earth's radiation belts. SVS pageGeosynchronous Fleet:SDO: Solar Dynamics Observatory keeps the Sun under continuous observation at 16 megapixel resolution.GOES: The newest GOES satellites include a solar X-ray imager operated by NOAA.Geospace Fleet:Geotail: Conducts measurements of electrons and ions in the Earth's magnetotail. Cluster: This is a group of four satellites which fly in formation to measure how particles and fields in the magnetosphere vary in space and time. SVS pageTHEMIS: This is a fleet of three satellites to study how magnetospheric instabilities produce substorms. Two of the original five satellites were moved into lunar orbit to become ARTEMIS. SVS page IBEX: The Interstellar Boundary Explorer measures the flux of neutral atoms from the heliopause.Lunar Orbiting FleetARTEMIS: Two of the THEMIS satellites were moved into lunar orbit to study the interaction of the Earth's magnetosphere with the Moon.Note: A number of near-Earth missions had their orbits generated from Two-Line orbital elements valid in July 2012. Orbit perturbations since then may result in significant deviation from the actual satellite position for the time frame of this visualization. || ",
            "hits": 52
        },
        {
            "id": 3682,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3682/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-10-27T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "ARTEMIS Mission",
            "description": "An extension to the THEMIS mission is to send two of the THEMIS satellites into lunar orbit to study the magnetospheric environment near the Moon. The new mission is named ARTEMIS (Acceleration, Reconnection Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun).The outermost two THEMIS spacecraft (Probes B and C) are on route to the Moon, where they will become the ARTEMIS mission's Probes 1 and 2 (red and green, respectively) , tasked with studying not only the tenuous cavity carved out by the Moon in the supersonic solar wind, but also reconnection, particle energization and turbulence in both the solar wind and the Earth's distant magnetotail at lunar distance. ARTEMIS stands for Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun.Thanks to careful planning, sufficient fuel remained on both spacecraft at the successful completion of their primary mission to raise their apogees to lunar distance, where they could receive the multiple gravitational assists needed to fling the spacecraft first beyond the Moon and then assist them in entering in orbits that parallel that of the Moon at the L1 and L2 Lagrange points. Maneuvers in April 2011 enable the spacecraft to enter into prograde and retrograde lunar orbits (the 'braided' motion).The direction of the Sun is indicated by the yellow arrow. || ",
            "hits": 413
        },
        {
            "id": 3787,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3787/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-10-27T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "ARTEMIS at Lagrange",
            "description": "This visualization is built from the components of ARTEMIS Mission with emphasis on the maneuvers of the two ARTEMIS spacecraft (red=ARTEMIS-1, green=ARTEMIS-2) around the lunar Lagrange Points L1 and L2.As with the ARTEMIS Mission visual, we show the Earth, the Earth's magnetosphere, the Moon and Sun, with the direction of the Sun from the Earth indicated by the yellow arrow.In this version, the satellite trails are are constructed in a lunar-centric inertial coordinate system so the trails reveal the motion of the satellites relative to the Lagrange points in INERTIAL space (fixed with the distant stars). To see another example of how coordinate systems dramatically affect the construction of trails, see LRO in Earth Centered and Moon Centered Coordinates.In this movie, the camera starts above the Moon's orbital plane and then slowly moves towards the Moon's orbital plane to get a better sense of the motion in 3-D space. For a different perspective, see ARTEMIS at Lagrange: The View from Above. || ",
            "hits": 204
        },
        {
            "id": 10636,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10636/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2010-10-27T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "ARTEMIS Orbits Magnetic Moon",
            "description": "Launched in 2007, NASA's five THEMIS spacecraft have now successfully completed their 2 year mission to determine the cause of geomagnetic substorms. Because they are continuing to work perfectly, NASA is re-directing the outermost two spacecraft to special orbits at and around the Moon. This new mission, which is called ARTEMIS, uses some very complex maneuvers over two years (2009-2010) to get both spacecraft into position. As the Moon orbits the Earth, it passes in and out of the Earth's magnetic field and the million-mile per hour stream of particles emitted by the Sun known as the solar wind. While in these regions, the two ARTEMIS spacecraft will seek evidence for turbulence, particle acceleration, and magnetic reconnection, three fundamental phenomena that control the nature of the solar wind's interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere. Employing their full complement of instruments and unique two-point vantage points, the spacecraft will study the vacuum the Moon carves out in the solar wind, and the processes that eventually fill this lunar wake. Nearer the Moon, they will observe the effects of surface electric fields, ions sputtered off the lunar surface, and determine the internal structure of the Moon from transient variations in its magnetic field induced by external changes.Also available are the complete, unedited visualization and frames. || ",
            "hits": 694
        },
        {
            "id": 10623,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10623/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2010-07-29T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Rebounding Plasma Flows in the Inner Magnetosphere",
            "description": "Substorms send jets of plasma careening Earthward at speeds near 600,000 miles/hour. Researchers comparing multipoint THEMIS spacecraft observations with the predictions of numerical simulations have determined the width of one such jet and determined what happened to it when it encountered the strong magnetic fields within the inner magnetosphere. Plasma jets with the width of the Earth slam into the inner magnetosphere, generating vortices with opposite senses of rotation that appear and disappear on either side of the plasma jet. These vortices become sources of field-aligned electrical currents that flow down to the Earth's ionosphere, where they generate auroral brightenings and intense magnetic field disturbances. After striking the inner magnetospheric magnetic field, the plasma jet itself bounces back and forth, losing energy each time it encounters the magnetic field, and continuing to oscillate until the flow energy is dissipated in the form of plasma heating. || ",
            "hits": 54
        },
        {
            "id": 3595,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3595/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-07-27T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Sentinels of the Heliosphere",
            "description": "Heliophysics is a term to describe the study of the Sun, its atmosphere or the heliosphere, and the planets within it as a system. As a result, it encompasses the study of planetary atmospheres and their magnetic environment, or magnetospheres. These environments are important in the study of space weather.As a society dependent on technology, both in everyday life, and as part of our economic growth, space weather becomes increasingly important. Changes in space weather, either by solar events or geomagnetic events, can disrupt and even damage power grids and satellite communications. Space weather events can also generate x-rays and gamma-rays, as well as particle radiations, that can jeopardize the lives of astronauts living and working in space.This visualization tours the regions of near-Earth orbit; the Earth's magnetosphere, sometimes called geospace; the region between the Earth and the Sun; and finally out beyond Pluto, where Voyager 1 and 2 are exploring the boundary between the Sun and the rest of our Milky Way galaxy. Along the way, we see these regions patrolled by a fleet of satellites that make up NASA's Heliophysics Observatory Telescopes. Many of these spacecraft do not take images in the conventional sense but record fields, particle energies and fluxes in situ. Many of these missions are operated in conjunction with international partners, such as the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA).The Earth and distances are to scale. Larger objects are used to represent the satellites and other planets for clarity.Here are the spacecraft featured in this movie:Near-Earth Fleet:Hinode: Observes the Sun in multiple wavelengths up to x-rays. SVS pageRHESSI : Observes the Sun in x-rays and gamma-rays. SVS pageTRACE: Observes the Sun in visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. SVS pageTIMED: Studies the upper layers (40-110 miles up) of the Earth's atmosphere.FAST: Measures particles and fields in regions where aurora form.CINDI: Measures interactions of neutral and charged particles in the ionosphere. AIM: Images and measures noctilucent clouds. SVS pageGeospace Fleet:Geotail: Conducts measurements of electrons and ions in the Earth's magnetotail. Cluster: This is a group of four satellites which fly in formation to measure how particles and fields in the magnetosphere vary in space and time. SVS pageTHEMIS: This is a fleet of five satellites to study how magnetospheric instabilities produce substorms. SVS pageL1 Fleet: The L1 point is a Lagrange Point, a point between the Earth and the Sun where the gravitational pull is approximately equal. Spacecraft can orbit this location for continuous coverage of the Sun.SOHO: Studies the Sun with cameras and a multitude of other instruments. SVS pageACE: Measures the composition and characteristics of the solar wind. Wind: Measures particle flows and fields in the solar wind. Heliospheric FleetSTEREO-A and B: These two satellites observe the Sun, with imagers and particle detectors, off the Earth-Sun line, providing a 3-D view of solar activity. SVS pageHeliopause FleetVoyager 1 and 2: These spacecraft conducted the original 'Planetary Grand Tour' of the solar system in the 1970s and 1980s. They have now travelled further than any human-built spacecraft and are still returning measurements of the interplanetary medium. SVS pageThis enhanced, narrated visualization was shown at the SIGGRAPH 2009 Computer Animation Festival in New Orleans, LA in August 2009; an eariler version created for AGU was called NASA's Heliophysics Observatories Study the Sun and Geospace. || ",
            "hits": 78
        },
        {
            "id": 3590,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3590/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-07-07T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "THEMIS/ASI Nights - High Resolution",
            "description": "A collection of ground-based All-Sky Imagers (ASI) makes an important component of the THEMIS mission in understanding the interaction of the magnetosphere and aurora. It is sometimes referred to as the sixth THEMIS satellite. Descriptions of the instruments are available on the THEMIS-Canada Home Page. Imagery from each camera is co-registered to the surface of the Earth and assembled into a view of the auroral events. This movie presents data from the first large auroral substorm since the THEMIS launch. The substorm reached its maximum between 6:00 and 7:00 UT. Note that the ASI data in this movie are assembled from significantly higher resolution datesets than the earlier version, THEMIS/ASI Nights. The higher resolution enables you to see much finer details in the aurora structure. In addition, one notices trees circling the horizon visible to the cameras located in western Canada. || ",
            "hits": 133
        },
        {
            "id": 3569,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3569/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-12-16T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "THEMIS Dayside Science - Sampling the Bow Shock",
            "description": "In the early part of the mission, the five THEMIS satellites follow the same orbit single-file. The apogee of the orbit takes the spacecraft just beyond the bow shock of Earth's magnetosphere. This enables the closely spaced satellites to measure the thickness of the different regions that they encounter. || ",
            "hits": 18
        },
        {
            "id": 10355,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10355/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2008-12-16T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "THEMIS discovers biggest breach of Earth's solar storm shield",
            "description": "The latest findings from the THEMIS mission: Earth's magnetic field, which shields our planet from severe space weather, often develops two holes ten times larger than anything previously though to exist, allowing solar particles in. || FSR1067.00852_print.jpg (1024x576) [78.7 KB] || FSR1067_web.png (320x180) [278.2 KB] || FSR1067_thm.png (80x40) [16.2 KB] || FSR_720p.webmhd.webm (960x540) [6.7 MB] || 1280x720_16x9_60p (1280x720) [64.0 KB] || FSR_720p.m2v (1280x720) [116.5 MB] || a010355_FSR_720p.mp4 (640x360) [4.4 MB] || FSR_512x288.m1v (512x288) [25.6 MB] || ",
            "hits": 105
        },
        {
            "id": 3570,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3570/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-12-15T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "NASA's Heliophysics Observatories Study the Sun and Geospace",
            "description": "Heliophysics is a term to describe the study of the Sun, its atmosphere or the heliosphere, and the planets within it as a system. As a result, it encompasses the study of planetary atmospheres and their magnetic environment, or magnetospheres. These environments are important in the study of space weather.As a society dependent on technology, both in everyday life, and as part of our economic growth, space weather becomes increasingly important. Changes in space weather, either by solar events or geomagnetic events, can disrupt and even damage power grids and satellite communications. Space weather events can also generate x-rays and gamma-rays, as well as particle radiations, that can jeopardize the lives of astronauts living and working in space.This visualization tours the regions of near-Earth orbit; the Earth's magnetosphere, sometimes called geospace; the region between the Earth and the Sun; and finally out beyond Pluto, where Voyager 1 and 2 are exploring the boundary between the Sun and the rest of our Milky Way galaxy. Along the way, we see these regions patrolled by a fleet of satellites that make up NASA's Heliophysics Observatory Telescopes. Many of these spacecraft do not take images in the conventional sense but record fields, particle energies and fluxes in situ. Many of these missions are operated in conjunction with international partners, such as the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA).The Earth and distances are to scale. Larger objects are used to represent the satellites and other planets for clarity.Here are the spacecraft featured in this movie:Near-Earth Fleet:Hinode: Observes the Sun in multiple wavelengths up to x-rays. SVS pageRHESSI : Observes the Sun in x-rays and gamma-rays. SVS pageTRACE: Observes the Sun in visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. SVS pageTIMED: Studies the upper layers (40-110 miles up) of the Earth's atmosphere.FAST: Measures particles and fields in regions where aurora form.CINDI: Measures interactions of neutral and charged particles in the ionosphere. AIM: Images and measures noctilucent clouds. SVS pageGeospace Fleet:Geotail: Conducts measurements of electrons and ions in the Earth's magnetotail. Cluster: This is a group of four satellites which fly in formation to measure how particles and fields in the magnetosphere vary in space and time. SVS pageTHEMIS: This is a fleet of five satellites to study how magnetospheric instabilities produce substorms. SVS pageL1 Fleet: The L1 point is a Lagrange Point between the Sun and the Earth. Spacecraft can orbit this location for continuous coverage of the Sun.SOHO: Studies the Sun with cameras and a multitude of other instruments. SVS pageACE: Measures the composition and characteristics of the solar wind. Wind: Measures particle flows and fields in the solar wind. Heliospheric FleetSTEREO-A and B: These two satellites observe the Sun, with imagers and particle detectors, off the Earth-Sun line, providing a 3-D view of solar activity. SVS pageHeliopause FleetVoyager 1 and 2: These spacecraft conducted the original 'Planetary Grand Tour' of the solar system in the 1970s and 1980s. They have now travelled further than any human-built spacecraft and are still returning measurements of the interplanetary medium. SVS pageA refined and narrated version of this visualization, Sentinels of the Heliosphere, is now available. || ",
            "hits": 94
        },
        {
            "id": 10356,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10356/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2008-12-15T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "THEMIS Discovers Biggest Breach of Earth's Magnetosphere",
            "description": "NASA's THEMIS mission has overturned a longstanding belief about the interaction between solar particles and Earth's protective magnetic field. This new discovery could help scientists predict when the solar storms that can disrupt power grids, satellites and even GPS signals, could be especially severe.For more information: www.nasa.gov/themisFor complete transcript, click here. || THEMIS_ipodLG.00702_print.jpg (1024x576) [97.3 KB] || THEMIS_ipodLG_web.png (180x320) [228.6 KB] || THEMIS_ipodLG_thm.png (80x40) [16.4 KB] || THEMIS_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [32.1 MB] || THEMIS_1280.mov (1280x720) [83.9 MB] || THEMIS_AppleTV.m4v (960x540) [81.1 MB] || THEMIS_ipodLG.m4v (640x360) [26.4 MB] || THEMIS_svsLG.mpg (640x360) [31.9 MB] || THEMIS_YouTube.mov (640x480) [30.0 MB] || THEMIS320.mp4 (320x240) [6.2 MB] || THEMIS_ipodSM.m4v (320x180) [12.0 MB] || THEMIS_svsSM.mpg (512x288) [21.4 MB] || THEMIS.wmv (346x260) [20.1 MB] || ",
            "hits": 225
        },
        {
            "id": 20141,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20141/",
            "result_type": "Animation",
            "release_date": "2008-07-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "THEMIS Sees Magnetic Reconnection",
            "description": "THEMIS observations confirm for the first time that magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail triggers the onset of substorms. Substorms are the sudden violent eruptions of space weather that release solar energy trapped in the Earth's magnetic field. || ",
            "hits": 67
        },
        {
            "id": 3512,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3512/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-07-23T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "THEMIS/ASI Nights",
            "description": "A collection of ground-based All-Sky Imagers (ASI) make up another important component of the THEMIS mission. It is sometimes referred to as the sixth THEMIS satellite. Descriptions of the instruments are available on the THEMIS-Canada Home Page. Imagery from each camera is co-registered to the surface of the Earth and assembled into a view of the auroral events. This movie presents data from the first large auroral substorm since the THEMIS launch. The substorm reached its maximum between 6:00 and 7:00 UT. Note that the ASI data in this movie are assembled from the lower resolution quick-look data sets. These create some extra pixellation of the data in the static high-resolution views. This animation has been superceded by ID 3590: THEMIS/ASI Nights-High Resolution, which uses higher-resolution ASI data. || ",
            "hits": 60
        },
        {
            "id": 3478,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3478/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-12-11T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "THEMIS Explores the Earth's Bow Shock",
            "description": "The solar wind's first contact with the Earth's magnetic field creates a region known as the bow shock, much like the bow wave of a boat moving through the water. This region can also create additional turbulence which generates bursts of explosion-like currents. In this visualization, the orbits of the THEMIS fleet are combined with a 2-D slice from a hybrid magnetosphere simulation which illustrates these turbulent regions in the bow shock. This hybrid magnetosphere simulation treats the slow-moving ions by particle-in-cell computational methods and the faster electrons as a massless fluid. These simulations more accurately represent the magnetospheric physics, enabling a view of turbulent non-linear processes not visible in the simpler magnetohydrodynamic models. In this simulation, the color table is somewhat unusual. In order of increasing density, the colors run from white through violet, blue, green to black. || ",
            "hits": 48
        },
        {
            "id": 3485,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3485/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-12-10T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "THEMIS and the March 2007 Substorm",
            "description": "NASA's Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission observed the dynamics of a rapidly developing substorm in March of 2007.  This visualization combines the orbits of the THEMIS satellites with a magnetohydrodynamical simulation of the Earth's magnetosphere corresponding to this time. || ",
            "hits": 24
        },
        {
            "id": 20097,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20097/",
            "result_type": "Animation",
            "release_date": "2007-01-17T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Substorms",
            "description": "This animation shows a magnetospheric substorm, during which the reconnection causes energy to be rapidly released along the field lines causing the auroras to brighten. || ",
            "hits": 134
        },
        {
            "id": 3398,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3398/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-01-16T11:45:00-05:00",
            "title": "THEMIS ASI Ground Station Array",
            "description": "This visualization shows the 20 THEMIS ASI ground station locations. These ground stations will assist the THEMIS satellite constellation in measuring the Aurora Borealis over North America. Each ground station has an all-sky imaging white-light auroral camera and a magnetometer. The ground stations' radial coverage is rendered at 540 km. An artist's conception of an aurora is added to the second part of the visualization for context. || ",
            "hits": 48
        },
        {
            "id": 20096,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20096/",
            "result_type": "Animation",
            "release_date": "2007-01-11T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "THEMIS Launch and Deployment",
            "description": "THEMIS (Time History of Events and Microscale Interactions durind Substorms) answers fundamental outstanding questions regarding the magnetospheric substorm instability, a dominant mechanism of transport and explosive release of solar wind energy within Geospace. THEMIS will elucidate which magnetotail process is responsible for substorm onset at the region where substorm auroras map (~10Re): (i) a local disruption of the plasma sheet current or (ii) that current's interaction with the rapid influx of plasma emanating from lobe flux annihilation at ~25Re. Correlative observations from long-baseline (2-25 Re) probe conjunctions, will delineate the causal relationship and macroscale interaction between the substorm components. THEMIS's five identical probes measure particles and fields on orbits which optimize tail-aligned conjunctions over North America. || ",
            "hits": 45
        },
        {
            "id": 3391,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3391/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-12-14T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "THEMIS Orbits: Dayside Science Configuration",
            "description": "In the early part of the mission, the five THEMIS satellites will follow the same orbit single-file. The apogee of the orbit will take the spacecraft just beyond the bow shock of the Earth's magnetosphere. This will enable the satellites to collect data in this region over a short range of time so that the time history can be studied. The dates in this visualization are based on an ephemeris assuming a launch on January 20, 2007. The satellite colors are: red=P1, green=P2, cyan=P3, blue=P4, magenta=P5. || ",
            "hits": 30
        },
        {
            "id": 3392,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3392/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-12-14T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "THEMIS Orbits: Nightside Science Configuration",
            "description": "In the latter phase of the mission, the five THEMIS spacecraft will travel on five co-aligned elliptical orbits with their apogee on the nightside of the Earth. From there, they will sample the particle and electromagnetic wave environment along the magnetotail. The dates in this visualization are based on an ephemeris assuming a launch date of January 20, 2007. The five satellites are represented by colors: red=P1, green=P2, cyan=P3, blue=P4, magenta=P5 || ",
            "hits": 27
        },
        {
            "id": 3394,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3394/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-12-14T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "THEMIS Orbits: Transitions",
            "description": "Between the dayside and nightside phases of the mission, the five spacecraft will conduct orbit change maneuvers over a period of three months. During this visualization, the camera position is locked in GSE coordinates, keeping the Sun to the left. The orbital axis is actually fixed in space but appears to move due to the Earth's motion around the Sun. The dates in this visualization are based on an ephemeris assuming a launch on January 20, 2007. The satellites are represented by the colors: red=P1, green=P2, cyan=P3, blue=P4, magenta=P5. || ",
            "hits": 38
        },
        {
            "id": 20087,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20087/",
            "result_type": "Animation",
            "release_date": "2006-08-08T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "THEMIS Beauty Pass",
            "description": "A closer look at one of the THEMIS spacecraft. || themis.000100077_print.jpg (1023x682) [86.1 KB] || themis.0001_web.png (320x216) [104.5 KB] || a010094_seq.webmhd.webm (960x540) [4.0 MB] || 720x486_4x3_29.97p (720x486) [64.0 KB] || themis_640x480.mov (640x480) [35.5 MB] || a010094_seq.mpg (720x480) [19.9 MB] || a010094_H264_640x480.mp4 (640x480) [11.5 MB] || themis_320x240.mov (360x240) [12.2 MB] || ",
            "hits": 31
        },
        {
            "id": 3356,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3356/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-05-22T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "THEMIS Mission and Substorm Simulation",
            "description": "This visualization combines simulations of the THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms) mission orbits with a GGCM (Geospace General Circulation Model) simulation.  It illustrates how the five THEMIS satellites will work together to detect substorm events in the magnetosphere.  One goal of the THEMIS mission is to test how these substorm events are related to the formation of the aurora.This mission consists of five identical spacecraft (usually designated P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5) with orbits aligned so they reach their apogee along the same line from the Earth.  This alignment remains fixed in space so as the Earth moves around the Sun, the constellation of spacecraft will extend on the nightside of the Earth in winter to sample the Earth's magnetosphere, and on the dayside of the Earth in summer to sample the incoming solar wind.  This way they can better map the geospace environment.Probes P1 and P2 are called the 'outer probes' and P3, 4, and 5 are the 'inner probes'.  P3 and P4 share the same orbit.  The outer probes will detect the onset of the substorm, while the inner probes will monitor the Earthward plasma flows from the event.For more information on the GGCM model, visit the Community Coordinated Modeling Center and OpenGGCM. || ",
            "hits": 40
        }
    ]
}