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    "results": [
        {
            "id": 12281,
            "url": "http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12281/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2016-06-10T18:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Instagram: Solar Storms May Have Been Key to Life on Earth",
            "description": "Our sun's adolescence was stormy—and new evidence shows that these tempests may have been just the key to seeding life as we know it.Some 4 billion years ago, the sun shone with only about three-quarters the brightness we see today, but its surface roiled with giant eruptions spewing enormous amounts of solar material and radiation out into space. These powerful solar explosions may have provided the crucial energy needed to warm Earth, despite the sun's faintness. The eruptions also may have furnished the energy needed to turn simple molecules into the complex molecules such as RNA and DNA that were necessary for life. The research was published in Nature Geoscience on May 23, 2016, by a team of scientists from NASA.Understanding what conditions were necessary for life on our planet helps us both trace the origins of life on Earth and guide the search for life on other planets. Until now, however, fully mapping Earth's evolution has been hindered by the simple fact that the young sun wasn't luminous enough to warm Earth.\"Back then, Earth received only about 70 percent of the energy from the sun than it does today,\" said Vladimir Airapetian, lead author of the paper and a solar scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. \"That means Earth should have been an icy ball. Instead, geological evidence says it was a warm globe with liquid water. We call this the Faint Young Sun Paradox. Our new research shows that solar storms could have been central to warming Earth.\" || ",
            "hits": 61
        },
        {
            "id": 4006,
            "url": "http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4006/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-10-31T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "The Radiation Belts as seen by SAMPEX",
            "description": "This is a simulation of the Earth's radiation belts constructed from SAMPEX data around the time of the 2003 Halloween solar storms. In this visualization, we present the belts in cross-section to provide a better view of their interior structure.The Earth's magnetosphere is a very large magnetic structure around the Earth, and gets stretched into a large, teardrop-shaped configuration through its interaction with the solar wind. A number of the magnetic field lines, while they may originate on the Earth, do not connect back to the Earth, but connect into the magnetic field carried by the solar wind. However, near the Earth, the magnetic dipole component of the field is stronger than the solar wind field, and this allows all the magnetic field lines to connect back to the Earth, forming (approximately) the classic magnetic dipole configuration (Wikipedia). In this region, lower energy electrons and ions, many from the Earth's ionosphere, can become trapped by the magnetic field to form the radiation belts.The radiation belt model is constructed from particle flux information from the SAMPEX mission, with the flux mapped to constant L-shells of the Earth's dipole magnetic field (Wikipedia). The model is anchored to the Earth's geomagnetic field axis, which is not perfectly aligned with the Earth's rotation axis. This creates a small wobble of the radiation belts with time, which can be seen in this visualization.The data driving the radiation belt structure is from the 2003 Halloween solar storms, a series of strong solar eruptions that began in late October 2003 and continued into the first week of November. During this time, the particle content of the belts change rapidly due to the variation in the energetic particle flux from the Sun buffeting the Earth's magnetosphere.This dataset was also used to generate radiation belts for the RBSP prelaunch visualizations. || ",
            "hits": 78
        },
        {
            "id": 3949,
            "url": "http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3949/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-05-08T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Earth's Radiation Belts (side view)",
            "description": "This is a simulation of the Earth's radiation belts. In this version, we've kept the belts full structure. There is also a cross-section view of the belts in Earth's Radiation Belts (cross-section).The Earth's magnetosphere is a very large magnetic structure around the Earth, which gets stretched into a large, teardrop-shaped configuration through its interaction with the solar wind. A number of the magnetic field lines, which they may originate on the Earth, do not connect back to the Earth, but connect into the magnetic field carried by the solar wind. However, near the Earth, the dipole component of the field is stronger than the solar wind field, and this allows all the magnetic field lines to connect back to the Earth, forming (approximately) the classic magnetic dipole configuration. In this region, lower energy electrons and ions, many from the Earth's ionosphere, can become trapped by the magnetic field to form the radiation belts.The radiation belt model is constructed from particle flux information from the SAMPEX mission, with the flux mapped to constant L-shells of the Earth's dipole magnetic field. The model is anchored to the Earth's geomagnetic field axis, which is not perfectly aligned with the Earth's rotation axis. This creates a small wobble of the radiation belts with time, which can be seen in this visualization.The data driving the radiation belt structure is time-shifted from the 2003 Halloween solar storms, a series of strong solar eruptions that began in late October 2003 and continued into the first week of November. During this time, the particle content of the belts change rapidly due to the variation in the energetic particle flux from the Sun buffeting the Earth's magnetosphere. || ",
            "hits": 71
        },
        {
            "id": 3951,
            "url": "http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3951/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-05-08T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "The Van Allen Probes (formerly Radiation Belt Storm Probes - RBSP) Explore the Earth's Radiation Belts",
            "description": "The Radiation Belt Storm Probe (RBSP) is actually two satellites that will travel on a elliptical orbit around the Earth, ranging between 1.5 and 6 Earth radii. This range covers the inner region of the Earth's geomagnetic field. In this region, many of the magnetic field lines intersect the surface of the Earth in the north and south. This means that lower energy ions and electrons, some 'boiled off' the Earth's ionosphere by solar ultraviolet radiation, can be trapped along these field lines. The charged particles spend their time bouncing between the 'mirror points' in the Earth's magnetic field. This trapped population forms the radiation belts around the Earth. The radiation created by this charged particle population can be hazardous to satellites and astronauts so it is important to understand their characteristics. || ",
            "hits": 91
        },
        {
            "id": 3950,
            "url": "http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3950/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Earth's Radiation Belts (cross-section)",
            "description": "This is a simulation of the Earth's radiation belts. In this version, we've 'sliced' the belts open to provide a better view of their structure in cross-section. The non-cross-section view of the belts is Earth's Radiation Belts (side view)The Earth's magnetosphere is a very large magnetic structure around the Earth, and gets stretched into a large, teardrop-shaped configuration through its interaction with the solar wind. A number of the magnetic field lines, while they may originate on the Earth, do not connect back to the Earth, but connect into the magnetic field carried by the solar wind. However, near the Earth, the dipole component of the field is stronger than the solar wind field, and this allows all the magnetic field lines to connect back to the Earth, forming (approximately) the classic magnetic dipole configuration. In this region, lower energy electrons and ions, many from the Earth's ionosphere, can become trapped by the magnetic field to form the radiation belts.The radiation belt model is constructed from particle flux information from the SAMPEX mission, with the flux mapped to constant L-shells of the Earth's dipole magnetic field. The model is anchored to the Earth's geomagnetic field axis, which is not perfectly aligned with the Earth's rotation axis. This creates a small wobble of the radiation belts with time, which can be seen in this visualization.The data driving the radiation belt structure is time-shifted from the 2003 Halloween solar storms, a series of strong solar eruptions that began in late October 2003 and continued into the first week of November. During this time, the particle content of the belts change rapidly due to the variation in the energetic particle flux from the Sun buffeting the Earth's magnetosphere. || ",
            "hits": 118
        },
        {
            "id": 3115,
            "url": "http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3115/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-03-08T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Gaps in the Earth's Radiation Belts",
            "description": "The Earth's radiation belts (violet & white) change considerably due to a number of influences, ranging from a changing solar wind to the lightning on the Earth. Here we see a range of variation in the electron flux in early December 2003. White indicates higher electron flux than violet. The gray curves represent the lines of the Earth's magnetic field. These radiation belts are constructed on a per-orbit basis with data from SAMPEX. || ",
            "hits": 42
        },
        {
            "id": 3048,
            "url": "http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3048/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-12-15T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Earth's Radiation Belts Tremble Under Impact of Solar Storm",
            "description": "Under the wave of energetic particles from the Halloween 2003 solar storm events, the Earth's radiation belts underwent significant changes in structure.  This visualization is constructed using daily-averaged particle flux data from the SAMPEX satellite installed in a simple dipole model for the Earth's magnetic field.  The toroidal structure of the belts corresponds to regions with electron fluxes in excess of 100 electrons/s/cm^2/steradian with energies of 2-6 MeV.  The color-scale on the cross section is violet for low flux and white for high flux.  The translucent gray arcs represent the fields lines of the Earth's dipole field.  The 3-dimensional structure was built from the SAMPEX measurement by propagating the particle flux values along field lines of a simple magnetic dipole.NOTE:  This visualization shows the Earth's magnetic dipole field lines rotating rigidly with the Earth.  Technically, this is inaccurate.  Ions and electrons in the lower atmosphere can create currents which can make these lines 'drag' with Earth's rotation, but this will occur mostly near the Earth and not higher up.  More details on this process can be found in the FAQ at the The Exploration of the Earth's Magnetosphere web site, Does the Earth's magnetic field rotate?. || ",
            "hits": 61
        },
        {
            "id": 3049,
            "url": "http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3049/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-12-15T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Radiation Belts and Plasmapause Fluctuate Under Solar Storm",
            "description": "In this visualization, we see the interaction of the radiation belts (violet/white), the plasmapause (green surface) and magnetopause (gray surface).NOTE: This visualization shows the Earth's magnetic dipole field lines rotating rigidly with the Earth. Technically, this is inaccurate. Ions and electrons in the lower atmosphere can create currents which can make these lines 'drag' with Earth's rotation, but this will occur mostly near the Earth and not higher up. More details on this process can be found in the FAQ at the The Exploration of the Earth's Magnetosphere web site, Does the Earth's magnetic field rotate?. || ",
            "hits": 43
        },
        {
            "id": 3052,
            "url": "http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3052/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-12-15T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Earth's Radiation Belts with Safe Zone Orbit",
            "description": "Spacecraft orbiting in the 'Safe Zone', between two and three Earth radii, can be subjected to high levels of harmful radiation as the radiation belts fluctuate in response to space weather events.NOTE:  This visualization shows the Earth's magnetic dipole field lines rotating rigidly with the Earth.  Technically, this is inaccurate.  Ions and electrons in the lower atmosphere can create currents which can make these lines 'drag' with Earth's rotation, but this will occur mostly near the Earth and not higher up.  More details on this process can be found in the FAQ at the The Exploration of the Earth's Magnetosphere web site, Does the Earth's magnetic field rotate?. || ",
            "hits": 54
        },
        {
            "id": 90,
            "url": "http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/90/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "1995-11-07T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "SAMPEX - Yohkoh: Solar Modification of Relativistic Electrons in the Earth's Radiation Belts",
            "description": "The Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer, SAMPEX, measures fluxes of energetic particles from the sun, the Earth's magnetosphere, and cosmic ray sources over a broad range of energies. The four instruments aboard SAMPEX are the Low-Energy Ion Analyzer (LEICA), The Heavy Ion Large Telescope (HILT), The Mass Spectrometer Telescope (MAST), and the Proton-Electron Telescope (PET). The Soft X-ray Telescope on the Yohkoh satellite takes daily full-disk soft X-ray images of the Sun. Comparing data sets from the two satellites allows correlation of electron fluxes in the Earth's radiation belts with solar output. || ",
            "hits": 42
        },
        {
            "id": 89,
            "url": "http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/89/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "1995-01-01T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "SAMPEX - A Synoptic View of Earth's Electron Radiation Belts: North Pole Energetic Fluxes from HILT",
            "description": "The Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer, SAMPEX, measures fluxes of energetic particles from the sun, the Earth's magnetosphere, and cosmic ray sources over a broad range of energies. The four instruments aboard SAMPEX are the Low-Energy Ion Analyzer (LEICA), The Heavy Ion Large Telescope (HILT), The Mass Spectrometer Telescope (MAST), and the Proton-Electron Telescope (PET). || ",
            "hits": 54
        },
        {
            "id": 1385,
            "url": "http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1385/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "1995-01-01T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "SAMPEX - A Synoptic View of Earth's Electron Radiation Belts: South Pole Energetic Fluxes from HILT",
            "description": "The Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer, SAMPEX, measures fluxes of energetic particles from the sun, the Earth's magnetosphere, and cosmic ray sources over a broad range of energies.  The four instruments aboard SAMPEX are the Low-Energy Ion Analyzer (LEICA), The Heavy Ion Large Telescope (HILT), The Mass Spectrometer Telescope (MAST), and the Proton-Electron Telescope (PET). || ",
            "hits": 22
        },
        {
            "id": 1386,
            "url": "http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1386/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "1995-01-01T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "SAMPEX - A Synoptic View of Earth's Electron Radiation Belts: North Pole Energetic Fluxes from PET",
            "description": "The Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer, SAMPEX, measures fluxes of energetic particles from the sun, the Earth's magnetosphere, and cosmic ray sources over a broad range of energies.  The four instruments aboard SAMPEX are the Low-Energy Ion Analyzer (LEICA), The Heavy Ion Large Telescope (HILT), The Mass Spectrometer Telescope (MAST), and the Proton-Electron Telescope (PET). || ",
            "hits": 1248
        },
        {
            "id": 1387,
            "url": "http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/1387/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "1995-01-01T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "SAMPEX - A Synoptic View of Earth's Electron Radiation Belts: South Pole Energetic Fluxes from PET",
            "description": "The Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer, SAMPEX, measures fluxes of energetic particles from the sun, the Earth's magnetosphere, and cosmic ray sources over a broad range of energies.  The four instruments aboard SAMPEX are the Low-Energy Ion Analyzer (LEICA), The Heavy Ion Large Telescope (HILT), The Mass Spectrometer Telescope (MAST), and the Proton-Electron Telescope (PET). || ",
            "hits": 29
        }
    ]
}