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    "next": null,
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    "results": [
        {
            "id": 31176,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31176/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2025-02-10T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Two Decades of Soil Moisture from Space",
            "description": "GRACE soil moisture over the continental United States",
            "hits": 188
        },
        {
            "id": 31178,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31178/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2025-02-10T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Monitoring Global Groundwater from Space",
            "description": "Global GRACE Soil Moisture from 2003 to 2025.",
            "hits": 245
        },
        {
            "id": 31158,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31158/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2024-03-08T17:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Ice Mass Loss 2002-2025",
            "description": "The mass of the Antarctic ice sheet has changed over the last decades. Research based on observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites (2002-2017) and GRACE Follow-On (since 2018 - ).",
            "hits": 2148
        },
        {
            "id": 31156,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31156/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2024-03-08T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Greenland Ice Mass Loss 2002-2025",
            "description": "The mass of the Greenland ice sheet has rapidly declined in the last several years due to surface melting and iceberg calving. Research based on observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites (2002-2017) and GRACE Follow-On (since 2018 - ) indicates that between 2002 and 2023, Greenland shed approximately 264 gigatons of ice per year, causing global sea level to rise by 0.03 inches (0.8 millimeters) per year.",
            "hits": 2115
        },
        {
            "id": 31166,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31166/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2024-03-08T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "GRACE and GRACE-FO polar ice mass loss",
            "description": "The mass of the Polar ice sheets have changed over the last decades. Research based on observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites (2002-2017) and GRACE Follow-On (since 2018 - ) indicates that between 2002 and 2025, Antarctica shed approximately 135 gigatons of ice per year, causing global sea level to rise by 0.4 millimeters per year; and Greenland shed approximately 264 gigatons of ice per year, causing global sea level to rise by 0.8 millimeters per year.",
            "hits": 436
        },
        {
            "id": 31231,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31231/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2023-06-07T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Monitoring California Groundwater",
            "description": "GRACE California Terrestrial Water Storage from 2002-04 to 2023-03. || grace_ca_water_black_v3_20230316_1200_print.jpg (1024x574) [149.5 KB] || grace_ca_water_black_v3_20230316_1200_searchweb.png (320x180) [66.6 KB] || grace_ca_water_black_v3_20230316_1200_thm.png (80x40) [12.5 KB] || grace_ca_water_2002-2023_seasonal_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [7.0 MB] || grace_ca_water_2002-2023_seasonal_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [4.2 MB] || grace_ca_water_2002-2023_seasonal_2160p.mp4 (3840x2160) [23.1 MB] || grace_ca_water_black_v3_20230316_1200.tif (4104x2304) [4.7 MB] || grace_ca_water_2002-2023 (4104x2304) [0 Item(s)] || grace_ca_water_2002-2023_seasonal_1080p.hwshow [112 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 39
        },
        {
            "id": 5098,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5098/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2023-04-24T09:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Relative Wetness Root Zone Versus Groundwater Comparison",
            "description": "Sample composite showing the comparison between the root zone relative wetness data to groundwater wetness data. The root zone is approximately 1 meter below the surface as opposed to groundwater which is deeper. Seeing these side-by-side allows the viewer to see that the root zone data changes much more rapidly than the deeper stored groundwater data. || root_n_grnd.4k.2676_print.jpg (1024x576) [173.0 KB] || root_n_grnd.4k.2676_searchweb.png (320x180) [73.6 KB] || root_n_grnd.4k.2676_web.png (320x180) [73.6 KB] || root_n_grnd.1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [50.5 MB] || root_n_grnd.1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [10.7 MB] || Sample_Composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || root_n_grnd.2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [118.5 MB] || ",
            "hits": 53
        },
        {
            "id": 31177,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31177/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2022-02-15T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Monitoring California Groundwater 2002-2022",
            "description": "California land water storage, 2002-2022 || grace_ca_water_title1_202202_print.jpg (1024x576) [139.6 KB] || grace_ca_water_title1_202202_searchweb.png (320x180) [64.0 KB] || grace_ca_water_title1_202202_thm.png (80x40) [12.3 KB] || grace_ca_water_200205-202202_title1_1080p6.mp4 (1920x1080) [4.4 MB] || grace_ca_water_200205-202202_title1_1080p6.webm (1920x1080) [3.9 MB] || grace_ca_water_200205-202202_title1_2160p6.mp4 (3840x2160) [14.4 MB] || grace_ca_water_title1_202202.tif (3840x2160) [4.3 MB] || grace_ca_water_200205-202202_title1_2160.hwshow [125 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 37
        },
        {
            "id": 12950,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12950/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2018-08-13T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "A Map of Freshwater",
            "description": "Fifteen years of satellite data show changes in freshwater around the world. || whole_earth.1400_1024x576.jpg (1024x576) [104.4 KB] || whole_earth.1400.jpg (5760x3240) [2.2 MB] || whole_earth.1400_1024x576_thm.png (80x40) [5.8 KB] || whole_earth.1400_1024x576_searchweb.png (320x180) [61.0 KB] || ",
            "hits": 703
        },
        {
            "id": 30880,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30880/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2017-05-11T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Ice Loss 2002-2016",
            "description": "The mass of the Antarctic ice sheet has changed over the last several years. Research based on observations from NASA’s twin NASA/German Aerospace Center’s twin Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites indicates that between 2002 and 2016, Antarctica shed approximately 125 gigatons of ice per year, causing global sea level to rise by 0.35 millimeters per year.These images, created with GRACE data, show changes in Antarctic ice mass since 2002. Orange and red shades indicate areas that lost ice mass, while light blue shades indicate areas that gained ice mass. White indicates areas where there has been very little or no change in ice mass since 2002. In general, areas near the center of Antarctica experienced small amounts of positive or negative change, while the West Antarctic Ice Sheet experienced a significant ice mass loss (dark red) over the fourteen-year period. Floating ice shelves whose mass GRACE doesn't measure are colored gray. || ",
            "hits": 217
        },
        {
            "id": 30879,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30879/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2017-05-02T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Greenland Ice Loss 2002-2016",
            "description": "The mass of the Greenland ice sheet has rapidly declined in the last several years due to surface melting and iceberg calving. Research based on observations from the NASA/German Aerospace Center’s twin Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites indicates that between 2002 and 2016, Greenland shed approximately 280 gigatons of ice per year, causing global sea level to rise by 0.03 inches (0.8 millimeters) per year. These images, created from GRACE data, show changes in Greenland ice mass since 2002. Orange and red shades indicate areas that lost ice mass, while light blue shades indicate areas that gained ice mass. White indicates areas where there has been very little or no change in ice mass since 2002. In general, higher-elevation areas near the center of Greenland experienced little to no change, while lower-elevation and coastal areas experienced up to 13.1 feet (4 meters) of ice mass loss (expressed in equivalent-water-height; dark red) over a 14-year period. The largest mass decreases of up to 11.8 inches (30 centimeters (equivalent-water-height) per year occurred along the West Greenland coast. The average flow lines (grey; created from satellite radar interferometry) of Greenland’s ice converge into the locations of prominent outlet glaciers, and coincide with areas of high mass loss. || ",
            "hits": 224
        },
        {
            "id": 30862,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30862/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2017-03-07T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "GRACE measures California water",
            "description": "Water storage from 2002-2017 as measured by gravity anomalies. || grace_ca_water_black_201701_print.jpg (1024x574) [119.7 KB] || grace_ca_water_black_201701_searchweb.png (320x180) [59.5 KB] || grace_ca_water_black_201701_thm.png (80x40) [4.9 KB] || grace_ca_water_black_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [7.3 MB] || grace_ca_water_black_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [3.6 MB] || grace_ca_water_black_720p.webm (1280x720) [5.9 MB] || grace_ca_water_black_201701.tif (4104x2304) [4.5 MB] || grace_ca_water_black_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [25.9 MB] || grace_ca_water_black_360p.mp4 (640x360) [1.1 MB] || ",
            "hits": 1244
        },
        {
            "id": 12335,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12335/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2016-08-15T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "2016 Sea Ice Minimum Live Shots",
            "description": "Arctic Sea Ice Live Shot Roll-Ins || 12335_Sea_Ice_LS_Roll_Ins_Still.png (1275x716) [79.0 KB] || 12335_Sea_Ice_LS_Roll_Ins_Still_print.jpg (1024x575) [27.4 KB] || 12335_Sea_Ice_LS_Roll_Ins.webm (1280x720) [37.0 MB] || 12335_Sea_Ice_LS_Roll_Ins.mov (1280x720) [1.9 GB] || ",
            "hits": 41
        },
        {
            "id": 12330,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12330/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2016-07-29T05:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA Sees Intense Fires Around The World",
            "description": "This year’s wildfire season is off to a blazing start. The United States had an early start to the season, with more than 29,000 wildfires burning more than 2.6 million acres of land. The driest season in 14 years has left the southern Amazon primed for heavy wildfire activity as well. The expected wildfire surge in the Amazon this summer is the result of El Niño, a warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean that had major impacts on weather across the United States the first half of 2016. While El Niño has officially ended, we’re still feeling effects through increased wildfire activity. In some parts of the U.S., the fire season is now on average 78 days longer than it was in 1970, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NASA scientists are able to monitor these wildfires better than ever before, providing valuable information that fire managers can use to prepare the public. Using data collected by satellites, planes and on the ground, NASA is tracking wildfires around the world and keeping an eye on the hot, dry conditions that contribute to larger fires. || ",
            "hits": 64
        },
        {
            "id": 4476,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4476/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2016-07-28T18:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Global Terrestrial Water Storage Anomaly (March 2015 - March 2016)",
            "description": "Animation showing Terrestrial Water Storage Anomaly (TWSA) data from March 2015 to March 2016. Shades of orange indicate areas with less ground water than normal and shades of blue are areas with more ground water than normal, which correlates to droughts and floods in these various regions. || globgrace2016.0365_print.jpg (1024x576) [154.1 KB] || globgrace2016.0365_searchweb.png (320x180) [67.2 KB] || globgrace2016.0365_thm.png (80x40) [6.2 KB] || globgrace2016_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [5.8 MB] || globgrace2016_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [3.2 MB] || dates (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || globgrace2016_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [1.2 MB] || globgrace2016_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [17.0 MB] || globgrace2016_360p30.mp4 (640x360) [1.1 MB] || example_composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || robinson_projection (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || globgrace2016_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [187 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 17
        },
        {
            "id": 4477,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4477/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2016-07-28T18:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "GRACE over Brazil (March 2015 - March 2016)",
            "description": "Example animation showing significant ground water storage loss in the northern half of Brazil. This animation starts with a global view of the Americas, then zooms into the country of Brazil. Finally, monthly GRACE water storage anomaly data from March 2015 to March 2016 are shown. || grace2016.0598_print.jpg (1024x576) [81.8 KB] || grace2016.0598_thm.png (80x40) [5.9 KB] || grace2016.0598_searchweb.png (320x180) [63.1 KB] || grace2016_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [2.8 MB] || Earth (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Brazil_TWSA_data (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Brazil_label (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Brazil_outlines (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Country_names (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Brazil_mask (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Country_borders (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Example_edit (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || grace2016_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [1.6 MB] || 4477_GRACE_Brazil_2016_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [35.7 MB] || 4477_GRACE_Brazil_2016_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [11.0 MB] || grace2016_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [5.1 MB] || 4477_GRACE_Brazil_2016.mpeg (1280x720) [100.5 MB] || 4477_GRACE_Brazil_2016_prores.mov (1280x720) [413.9 MB] || grace2016_360p30.mp4 (640x360) [1.0 MB] || 4477_GRACE_Brazil_2016_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [3.0 MB] || grace2016_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [183 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 21
        },
        {
            "id": 12325,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12325/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2016-07-25T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Wildfires Live Shot July 2016",
            "description": "B-roll that goes along with the following questions:Wildfires have been raging in parts of the US this year. Can you show us the view from space?It’s been an active year around the globe for wildfires. How do fires on the other side of the world affect us?El Nino has dried out the Amazon this year, making it vulnerable to wildfires. What impacts could this have on the Summer Olympics?NASA is doing groundbreaking research around the world to study wildfires. What are we learning?Where can we learn more?Click for NASA's FIRES webpage.Find the latest on Twitter @NASAEarth || 008_B-Roll.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [85.5 KB] || 008_B-Roll.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [46.0 KB] || 008_B-Roll.00001_thm.png (80x40) [5.2 KB] || 008_B-Roll.mov (1280x720) [4.3 GB] || 008_B-Roll.mp4 (1280x720) [452.4 MB] || 008_B-Roll.webm (1280x720) [30.5 MB] || ",
            "hits": 27
        },
        {
            "id": 4428,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4428/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2016-02-19T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "2012 Mediterranean Drought",
            "description": "Print resolution image showing less than normal ground water saturation throughout the Mediteranean region on January 15, 2012. This image includes the date and colorbar overlay. || grace_med_comp.3666_print.jpg (1024x576) [172.1 KB] || grace_med_comp.3666_searchweb.png (320x180) [88.0 KB] || grace_med_comp.3666_thm.png (80x40) [13.9 KB] || grace_med_comp.3666.tif (3840x2160) [74.7 MB] || ",
            "hits": 17
        },
        {
            "id": 4413,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4413/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2016-01-07T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly and Terrestrial Water Storage Anomaly Comparison",
            "description": "Animation showing Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (SSTA) and Terrestrial Water Storage Anomaly (TWSA) data from 2002 to 2015 simultaneously. For SSTA data, blues indicate temperatures lower than normal and reds are areas warmer than normal. With this data we can see the comings and goings of El Niño and La Niña across the years. For the TWSA data, browns indicate areas with less ground water than normal and greens are areas with more ground water than normal, which correlates to droughts and floods in these various regions. Furthermore, terrestrial areas that show significant amounts of low water storage are much more sensitive to wildfires. || grace_w_ssta_rob2.4991_print.jpg (1024x576) [133.2 KB] || grace_w_ssta_rob2.4991_searchweb.png (180x320) [91.1 KB] || grace_w_ssta_rob2.4991_thm.png (80x40) [7.7 KB] || grace_w_ssta_rob2_2x_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [41.8 MB] || composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || robinson_projection (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || dates (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || grace_w_ssta_rob2_2x_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [9.8 MB] || ",
            "hits": 39
        },
        {
            "id": 4415,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4415/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2016-01-06T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Terrestrial Water Storage Anomaly 2002 - 2015",
            "description": "Animation showing Terrestrial Water Storage Anomaly (TWSA) data from 2002 to 2015. Browns indicate areas with less ground water than normal and greens are areas with more ground water than normal, which correlates to droughts and floods in these various regions.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || grace_anom_comp_v2.4991_print.jpg (1024x576) [124.4 KB] || grace_anom_comp_v2.4991_searchweb.png (320x180) [70.7 KB] || grace_anom_comp_v2.4991_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || grace_anom_comp_v2_2x_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [25.8 MB] || grace_anom_comp_v2_2x_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [8.7 MB] || composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || robinson_projection (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || dates (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || grace_anom_comp_v2_2x_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [195 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 85
        },
        {
            "id": 30730,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30730/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2015-12-16T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "High-Resolution Soil Moisture Maps",
            "description": "These maps combine data from the twin satellites of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) with other satellite and ground-based measurements to model the relative amount of water stored at two different levels: at plant root level and underground. The wetness, or water content, of each layer is compared to the average between 1948 and 2009. The darkest red regions represent dry conditions that should occur only 2 percent of the time (about once every 50 years). All of the maps are experimental products funded by NASA’s Applied Sciences Program and developed by scientists at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and the National Drought Mitigation Center. The maps do not attempt to represent human consumption of water; but rather, they show changes in water storage related to weather, climate, and seasonal patterns. || ",
            "hits": 90
        },
        {
            "id": 12057,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12057/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2015-11-19T18:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Carbon Cycle Live Shots",
            "description": "Promo video featuring Dr. Carlos Del Castillo || Carlos_Promo_print.jpg (1024x576) [149.2 KB] || Carlos_Promo_searchweb.png (320x180) [97.6 KB] || Carlos_Promo_web.png (320x180) [97.6 KB] || Carlos_Promo_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || Carlos_Promo.webm (1280x720) [6.8 MB] || Carlos_Promo.mp4 (1280x720) [385.7 MB] || Carlos_Promo.mov (1280x720) [853.4 MB] || Carlos_Promo.en_US.srt [1.4 KB] || Carlos_Promo.en_US.vtt [1.3 KB] || ",
            "hits": 219
        },
        {
            "id": 4339,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4339/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2015-10-30T09:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "GRACE Detects Brazil Drought",
            "description": "Example animation showing significant ground water storage loss around Brazil's most populated areas. This animation starts with a global view of the Americas, then zooms into the country of Brazil. The location of major reservoirs are revealed, followed by population data. Lastly, GRACE water storage anomaly data for the months of April, May, June is shown beginning in 2002 and going up to 2014. Finally, the region around São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro is highlighted to show the significant water storage loss in this highly populated region.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || brazil_comp2.0760_print.jpg (1024x576) [101.6 KB] || brazil_comp2.0760_thm.png (80x40) [6.4 KB] || brazil_comp2.0760_searchweb.png (320x180) [72.9 KB] || brazil_comp2_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [9.2 MB] || Population_Overlay (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Country_boundaries (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Brazil_boundary_mask (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Reservoirs_solid_circle (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Country_names (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Year_Annotation (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Brazil_mask (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Background_Earth (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Brazil_country_label (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Brazil_state_boundaries (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Reservoirs_hollow_circle (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || GRACE_Data_Overlay (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Example_Composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || brazil_comp2_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [3.1 MB] || brazil_comp2_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [186 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 39
        },
        {
            "id": 12035,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12035/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2015-10-28T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Brazil’s Extreme Drought Seen From Space",
            "description": "Empty water reservoirs, severe water rationing, and electrical blackouts are the new status quo in major cities across southeastern Brazil where the worst drought in 35 years has desiccated the region. A new NASA study estimates that the region has lost an average of 15 trillion gallons of water per year from 2012 to 2015. Eastern Brazil as a whole has lost on average 28 trillion gallons of water per year over the same time period.Augusto Getirana, a hydrologist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland, analyzed the amount of water stored in aquifers and rivers across Brazil from 2002 to 2015, interested in understanding the depth of the current drought.A new data visualization of 13 years of GRACE data shows the distribution of water across Brazil. Blues indicate increases in water, mostly occurring in the western regions of Brazil in the rainforest. Meanwhile red and orange shows where water stores have declined, occurring mainly in the north and southeast. At the beginning of the data collection, in 2002, Brazil was just coming out of a drought that began in 2000. A wet period followed until 2012 when dry conditions set in again due to a lack of precipitation and higher than usual temperatures, according to supplemental data.Southeastern Brazil was hardest hit by drought conditions, said Getirana. To make matters worse, Brazil relies on rivers that feed into reservoirs and dams that generate about 75 percent of the electrical power for the country. By September 2014, for example, the Cantareira reservoir system that provides water for 8.8 million people in São Paulo's metro region reported that it was filled to 10.7 percent of its total capacity, a situation that has led to major water rationing.Research: Extreme water deficit in Brazil detected from space.Journal: Hydrometeorology, October 27, 2015.Link to paper: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JHM-D-15-0096.1Here is the YouTube video.Additional footage from: Itaipu Binacional Files. || ",
            "hits": 38
        },
        {
            "id": 12036,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12036/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2015-10-28T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Instagram: Brazil's Extreme Drought Seen From Space",
            "description": "Empty water reservoirs, severe water rationing, and electrical blackouts are the new status quo in major cities across southeastern Brazil where the worst drought in 35 years has desiccated the region. A new NASA study estimates that the region has lost an average of 15 trillion gallons of water per year from 2012 to 2015. Eastern Brazil as a whole has lost on average 28 trillion gallons of water per year over the same time period.Augusto Getirana, a hydrologist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland, analyzed the amount of water stored in aquifers and rivers across Brazil from 2002 to 2015, interested in understanding the depth of the current drought.A new data visualization of 13 years of GRACE data shows the distribution of water across Brazil. Blues indicate increases in water, mostly occurring in the western regions of Brazil in the rainforest. Meanwhile red and orange shows where water stores have declined, occurring mainly in the north and southeast. At the beginning of the data collection, in 2002, Brazil was just coming out of a drought that began in 2000. A wet period followed until 2012 when dry conditions set in again due to a lack of precipitation and higher than usual temperatures, according to supplemental data.Southeastern Brazil was hardest hit by drought conditions, said Getirana. To make matters worse, Brazil relies on rivers that feed into reservoirs and dams that generate about 75 percent of the electrical power for the country. By September 2014, for example, the Cantareira reservoir system that provides water for 8.8 million people in São Paulo's metro region reported that it was filled to 10.7 percent of its total capacity, a situation that has led to major water rationing.Research: Extreme water deficit in Brazil detected from space.Journal: Hydrometeorology, October 27, 2015.Link to paper: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JHM-D-15-0096.1Here is the YouTube video.Additional footage from: Itaipu Binacional Files. || ",
            "hits": 27
        },
        {
            "id": 11994,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11994/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2015-09-15T09:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Rising Seas: NASA on the Greenland Ice Sheet",
            "description": "Greenland_SLR_Final_Condensed_appletv_print.jpg (1024x576) [88.1 KB] || Greenland_SLR_Final_Condensed_youtube_hq_searchweb.png (180x320) [74.6 KB] || Greenland_SLR_Final_Condensed_youtube_hq_thm.png (80x40) [6.1 KB] || Greenland_SLR_Final_Condensed_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [1.6 GB] || Greenland_SLR_Live_Final_Condensed.mov (1280x720) [42.4 GB] || Greenland_SLR_Final_Condensed_HD.wmv (1280x720) [580.1 MB] || Greenland_SLR_Final_Condensed_youtube_hq.mov (1280x720) [4.8 GB] || Greenland_SLR_Final_Condensed_HD.webm (1280x720) [346.3 MB] || Greenland_SLR_Final_Condensed_youtube_hq.webm (1280x720) [349.8 MB] || Greenland_SLR_Final_Condensed_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [1.6 GB] || Greenland_SLR_Final_Condensed.en_US.srt [85.1 KB] || Greenland_SLR_Final_Condensed.en_US.vtt [84.9 KB] || Greenland_SLR_Final_Condensed_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [590.0 MB] || ",
            "hits": 24
        },
        {
            "id": 11990,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11990/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2015-08-28T14:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA On Air: NASA Sea Level Rise Team Zeros In On Greenland (8/28/2015)",
            "description": "LEAD: Detailed measurements from NASA satellites are yielding new perspectives on sea level rise.1. This visualization shows the sea level change between 1992 and 2014. Since 1992, seas around the world have risen an average of nearly 3 inches. Regional differences in sea levels are caused by ocean currents and natural long-term ocean cycles.2. Scientists estimate one-third of the ocean rise is caused by the melting of the Greenland and Antarctic ice shelves. The big concern now is that the ice sheets are ‘waking up’ to the warming climate and will contribute more and more to sea level rise in the coming decades.3. An intense research effort by NASA and others is now underway to measure and analyze how Greenland and Antarctica will respond to Earth's warmer air temperatures and the changing ocean currents along the edges of the ice shelves.TAG: Faster melting of the polar ice caps could mean sea rise of 3 feet or more by the end of the century. || NASAONAIR_Sea_Level_Rise-10-iPad3_print.jpg (1024x576) [92.3 KB] || NASAONAIR_Sea_Level_Rise-10-iPad3_searchweb.png (320x180) [67.4 KB] || NASAONAIR_Sea_Level_Rise-10-iPad3_thm.png (80x40) [5.9 KB] || NASAONAIR_Sea_Level_Rise-1_Weather_Channel_30_fps.mov (1920x1080) [493.1 MB] || NASAONAIR_Sea_Level_Rise-2_Weather_Channel_60_fps.mov (1280x720) [592.5 MB] || NASAONAIR_Sea_Level_Rise-3_NBC_Today.mov (1920x1080) [232.3 MB] || NASAONAIR_Sea_Level_Rise-4-WeatherChannel.wmv (1280x720) [8.8 MB] || NASAONAIR_Sea_Level_Rise-5-Accuweather.avi (1280x720) [6.7 MB] || NASAONAIR_Sea_Level_Rise-6_Baron_Services_MP4.mp4 (1920x1080) [23.8 MB] || NASAONAIR_Sea_Level_Rise-7_APR_422_1920_30.mov (1920x1080) [464.0 MB] || NASAONAIR_Sea_Level_Rise-8-iPad1.m4v (960x540) [13.7 MB] || NASAONAIR_Sea_Level_Rise-9-iPad2.m4v (1280x720) [7.2 MB] || NASAONAIR_Sea_Level_Rise-10-iPad3.m4v (1920x1080) [7.2 MB] || NASAONAIR_Sea_Level_Rise-10-iPad3.webm (1920x1080) [3.4 MB] || ",
            "hits": 68
        },
        {
            "id": 11976,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11976/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2015-08-26T17:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Sea Level Rise Live Shots",
            "description": "Sea Level Rising Inteview with Tom Wagner || YOUTUBE_HQ_Tom_Wagner_-_Sea_Levels_youtube_hq_print.jpg (1024x576) [128.8 KB] || WEBM_Tom_Wagner_-_Sea_Levels_1.webm (960x540) [82.0 MB] || WMV_Tom_Wagner_-_Sea_Levels_1_HD.wmv (1280x720) [39.7 MB] || APPLE_TV_Tom_Wagner_-_Sea_Levels_1_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [112.3 MB] || APPLE_TV_Tom_Wagner_-_Sea_Levels_1_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [112.4 MB] || YOUTUBE_HQ_Tom_Wagner_-_Sea_Levels_1_youtube_hq.mov (1280x720) [369.3 MB] || NASA_TV_Tom_Wagner_-_Sea_Levels_1.mpeg (1280x720) [687.0 MB] || WEBM_Tom_Wagner_-_Sea_Levels.en_US.vtt [4.5 KB] || WEBM_Tom_Wagner_-_Sea_Levels_1.en_US.srt [4.6 KB] || WEBM_Tom_Wagner_-_Sea_Levels_1.en_US.vtt [4.5 KB] || NASA_PODCAST_Tom_Wagner_-_Sea_Levels_1_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [36.7 MB] || Tom_Wagner_-_Sea_Levels_1.mov (1280x720) [2.6 GB] || ",
            "hits": 39
        },
        {
            "id": 4338,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4338/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2015-07-30T17:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Global Terrestrial Water Storage Anomaly",
            "description": "Slow zoom out starting over the United States revealing the rest of the world. || grace_world_anom.6000_print.jpg (1024x576) [118.7 KB] || grace_world_anom.6.mp4 (1920x1080) [3.7 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [32.0 KB] || grace_world_anom.6.webm (1920x1080) [896.4 KB] || grace_world_anom.6.mp4.hwshow [45 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 34
        },
        {
            "id": 30496,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30496/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2015-03-17T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Earth Observing Fleet",
            "description": "Like orbiting sentinels, NASA’s Earth-observing satellites vigilantly monitor our planet’s ever-changing pulse from their unique vantage points in orbit. This animation shows the orbits of all of the current satellite missions. The flight paths are based on actual orbital elements. These missions—many joint with other nations and/or agencies—are able to collect global measurements of rainfall, solar irradiance, clouds, sea surface height, ocean salinity, and other aspects of the environment. Together, these measurements help scientists better diagnose the “health” of the Earth system.This animation will be regularly updated to show the orbits of the current earth observing fleet. This most recent version, published in March 2017, includes the CYGNSS constellation and DSCOVR at L1. Visit the original page here.Previous versions from recent years include:entry 4274 a February 2015 version including SMAPentry 3996 a spring 2014 version including GPM entry 4070 a May 2013 version which added Landsat-8entry 3892 a Dec 2011 version which added Suomi NPP and Aquariusentry 3725 a version from June 2010 || ",
            "hits": 82
        },
        {
            "id": 30521,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30521/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2014-10-01T23:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "California Drought",
            "description": "The NASA Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, launched in 2002, maps changes in Earth's gravity field resulting from the movement of water over the planet.  As water moves around the globe — for example, due to flooding in some regions and drought in others —  GRACE acts like a 'scale in the sky,' mapping the regions of Earth that are gaining or losing water each month.   The GRACE mission has been particularly successful in monitoring the melting of the Greenland and Antartic ice sheets, and in mapping changing freshwater storage on land.  This animation shows how the total amount of water (all of the snow, surface water, soil moisture and groundwater) varies in space and time, with the passage of dry seasons and wet seasons as well as with flooding, drought and transport due to water management  Blue colors represent wetter than average conditions (relative to the 2002-2013 time period) and the red colors represent drier than average conditions.  The graph at the left shows the monthly changes for the average of map region outlined in yellow. The yellow line in the graph at the left shows interannual variations.The Sacramento and San Joaquiin River basins are outlined in yellow and the rivers and their tributaries are shown by the blue lines.  The basins include California's Central Valley, the most productive agricultural region in the United States.  Ongoing drought in California has drained the state of nearly 15 cubic kilometers (12 miillion acre feet; 4 trillion gallons) of water in each of the last 3 years.  Much of the loss is a result of groundwater depletion. Limited rainfall and snowmelt throughout the state has forced agriculture and cities to rely more heavily on groundwater reserves, resulting in rapid depletion of the aquifer beneath the Central Valley. At least 50% of the annual water loss is due to the removal of groundwater. || ",
            "hits": 39
        },
        {
            "id": 30503,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30503/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2014-05-13T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Ocean Bottom Pressure from GRACE",
            "description": "The twin Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites, launched on March 17, 2002, have been making detailed measurements of Earth’s gravity field from space and revolutionizing investigations about Earth's ocean, water reservoirs, large-scale solid Earth changes, and ice cover.To aid in the interpretation of gravity change over the oceans, the GRACE Tellus project provides ocean bottom pressure maps derived from the GRACE satellite data. Ocean bottom pressure is the sum of the mass of the atmosphere and ocean in a \"cylinder\" above the seafloor. This visualization shows monthly changes in ocean bottom pressure data obtained by the GRACE satellites from November 2002 to January 2012. Purple and blue shades indicate regions with relatively low ocean bottom pressure, while red and white shades indicate regions with relatively high ocean bottom pressure. Scientists use these data to observe and monitor changes in deep ocean currents, which transport water and energy around the globe. || ",
            "hits": 42
        },
        {
            "id": 30492,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30492/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2014-02-11T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Antarctic Ice Loss 2003-2013",
            "description": "The mass of the Antarctic ice sheet has changed over the last several years. Research based on observations from NASA’s twin Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites indicates that between 2003 and 2013, Antarctica shed approximately 90 gigatons of ice per year, causing global sea level to rise by 0.25 millimeters per year.These images, created with GRACE data, show changes in Antarctic ice mass since 2003. Orange and red shades indicate areas that lost ice mass, while light blue shades indicate areas that gained ice mass. White indicates areas where there has been very little or no change in ice mass since 2003. In general, areas near the center of Antarctica experienced small amounts of positive or negative change, while the West Antarctic Ice Sheet experienced a significant ice mass loss (dark red) over the ten-year period. || ",
            "hits": 45
        },
        {
            "id": 30473,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30473/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-11-01T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Observing Freshwater Losses in the Middle East",
            "description": "A study using data from NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites found that large parts of the arid Middle East region lost freshwater reserves rapidly during the past decade. Meanwhile, demand for freshwater continues to rise. The two natural-color images on the left were acquired by the Landsat 5 satellite and show the shrinking of the Qadisiyah Reservoir in Iraq between September 7, 2006 [top left] and September 15, 2009 [bottom left]. The graph below these two images shows the elevation of the water in that reservoir between January 2003 and December 2009. The elevation is a proxy measurement for the total volume of water stored there. The two regional images on the right were created with GRACE data and show total water storage in the Tigris and Euphrates river basins for September 2003 [top right] and September 2009 [bottom right]. The graph shows a decrease in water storage for the study area as measured by GRACE from January 2003 to December 2009. The gray line depicts total water storage—groundwater, surface water bodies, and soil moisture—while the green line depicts changes in surface water. The difference between those two lines reflects the change in water stored in underground aquifers. The total water storage shows a seasonal fluctuation, but also an overall downward trend, suggesting that groundwater is being pumped and used faster than natural processes can replenish it. Data from satellites such as GRACE are essential to providing a more complete global picture of water storage trends.Used in 2014 Calendar. || ",
            "hits": 87
        },
        {
            "id": 30177,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30177/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-17T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Measuring Soil Moisture from Space",
            "description": "These maps combine data from the twin satellites of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) with other satellite and ground-based measurements to model the relative amount of water stored at three different levels: at the surface, at plant root level and underground from January 2003 to December 2014. The wetness, or water content, of each layer is compared to the average between 1948 and 2009. The darkest red regions represent dry conditions that should occur only 2 percent of the time (about once every 50 years). All of the maps are experimental products funded by NASA’s Applied Sciences Program and developed by scientists at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and the National Drought Mitigation Center. The maps do not attempt to represent human consumption of water; but rather, they show changes in water storage related to weather, climate, and seasonal patterns. || ",
            "hits": 70
        },
        {
            "id": 30478,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30478/",
            "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual",
            "release_date": "2013-10-08T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Greenland Ice Loss 2003-2013",
            "description": "The mass of the Greenland ice sheet has rapidly been declining over the last several years due to surface melting and iceberg calving. Research based on observations from NASA’s twin Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites indicates that between 2003 and 2013, Greenland shed approximately 280 gigatons of ice per year, causing global sea level to rise by 0.8 millimeters per year. These images, created with GRACE data, show changes in Greenland ice mass since 2003. Orange and red shades indicate areas that lost ice mass, while light blue shades indicate areas that gained ice mass. White indicates areas where there has been very little or no change in ice mass since 2003. In general, higher-elevation areas near the center of Greenland experienced little to no change, while lower-elevation and coastal areas experienced up to 3 meters of ice mass loss (dark red) over a ten-year period. The largest mass decreases of up to 30 centimeters per year occurred over southeastern Greenland. || ",
            "hits": 24
        },
        {
            "id": 4044,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4044/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-02-27T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "The Distributed Water Balance of the Nile Basin",
            "description": "This visualization shows how satellite data and NASA models are being applied to study the hydrology of the Nile basin. The Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Multisensor Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) provides three-hourly estimates of rainfall rate across much of the globe. Here we see the seasonal cycle of monthly precipitation derived from TMPA for Africa, including the Nile Basin. The annual migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) from the Nile Equatorial Lakes region around Lake Victoria, source of the White Nile, northward into Sudan and the highlands of Ethiopia, headwaters of the Blue Nile, and back is evident in the seasonal cycle in precipitation. This precipitation cycle drives flow through the Nile River system. The Nile basin, however, is intensely evaporative, and the majority of the water that falls as rain leaves the basin as evaporation rather than river flow—either from the humid headwaters regions or from large reservoirs and irrigation developments in Egypt and Sudan. The Atmosphere Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) evapotranspiration product, developed by USDA scientists, uses satellite data to map daily evapotranspiration across the entire Nile basin, providing unprecedented information on water consumption. The balance of rainfall and evapotranspiration can be seen in seasonal patterns of soil moisture, as simulated by the NASA Nile Land Data Assimilation System (LDAS), which merges satellite information with a physically-based land surface model to simulate variability in soil moisture—a critical variable for rainfed agriculture and natural ecosystems. Finally, the twin satellites of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) can be used to monitor variability in total water storage, including surface water, soil moisture, and groundwater. The annual cycle in GRACE estimates of water storage anomalies clearly shows the seasonal movement of water storage due to precipitation patterns and the movement of surface waters from headwaters regions into the wetlands of South Sudan and the reservoirs of the lower Nile basin.The Nile is the longest river in the world and its basin is shared by 11 countries. Reliable, spatially distributed estimates of hydrologic storage and fluxes can provide critical information for water managers contending with multiple resource demands, a variable and changing climate, and the risk of damaging floods and droughts. NASA observations and modeling systems offer unique capabilities to meet these information needs. || ",
            "hits": 112
        },
        {
            "id": 4042,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4042/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-02-12T11:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Freshwater Losses In The Middle East",
            "description": "The visualization shows variations in total water storage from normal, in millimeters, in the Tigris and Euphrates river basins, as measured by NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites, from January 2003 through December 2009. Reds represent drier conditions, while blues represent wetter conditions. The effects of the seasons are evident, as is the major drought that hit the region in 2007. The majority of the water lost was due to reductions in groundwater caused by human activities. By periodically measuring gravity regionally, GRACE tells scientists how much water storage changes over time. || ",
            "hits": 167
        },
        {
            "id": 10952,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10952/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2012-04-17T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "The Biggest Losers",
            "description": "Giant ice sheets cover Antarctica and Greenland, holding 99 percent of the world's freshwater ice. But the ice sheets are giving up this water, as glaciers accelerate their journey to the sea and warmer air and ocean currents melt the ice. Orbiting 300 miles above Earth, NASA's twin GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites measure precisely how much these ice reservoirs are contributing to sea level rise. Measurements show Antarctica and Greenland are shedding roughly 385 billion tons of ice each year—that's more than 10 times the annual ice losses from Himalayan glaciers. This is causing global ocean waters to rise by about 0.04 inches each year. Watch the visualization below to see how the ice masses covering Greenland and Antarctica changed from 2003 to 2010. || ",
            "hits": 69
        },
        {
            "id": 3906,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3906/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-02-07T12:40:00-05:00",
            "title": "Global Mass Balance from GRACE",
            "description": "In the first comprehensive satellite study of its kind, a University of Colorado Boulder-led team used NASA data to calculate how much Earth's melting land ice is adding to global sea level rise.Using satellite measurements from the NASA/German Aerospace Center Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), the researchers measured ice loss in all of Earth's land ice between 2003 and 2010, with particular emphasis on glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica. The total global ice mass lost from Greenland, Antarctica and all Earth's glaciers and ice caps over the period studied was about 4.3 trillion tons (1,000 cubic miles), adding about 12 millimeters (0.5 inches) to global sea level. That's enough ice to cover the United States 1.5 feet (0.5 meters) deep.About a quarter of the average annual ice loss came from glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica (about 148 billion tons, or 39 cubic miles), while ice loss from Greenland and Antarctica and their peripheral ice caps and glaciers averaged roughly 385 billion tons (100 cubic miles) a year. Results of the study are published online Feb. 8 in the journal Nature.\"Earth is losing a huge amount of ice to the ocean annually, and these new results will help us answer important questions in terms of both sea rise and how the planet's cold regions are responding to global change,\" said University of Colorado Boulder physics professor John Wahr, who helped lead the study.\"The strength of GRACE is it sees all the mass in the system, even though its resolution isn't high enough to allow us to determine separate contributions from each individual glacier,\" said Wahr, also a fellow at the University of Colorado-headquartered Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. Traditional estimates of Earth's ice caps and glaciers have been made using ground measurements from relatively few glaciers to infer what all the world's unmonitored glaciers were doing. Only a few hundred of the roughly 200,000 glaciers worldwide have been monitored for longer than a decade.One unexpected study result from GRACE was that the estimated ice loss from high Asian mountain ranges like the Himalaya, the Pamir and the Tien Shan was only about 4 billion tons of ice annually. Some previous ground-based estimates of ice loss in these high Asian mountains have ranged up to 50 billion tons annually, Wahr said.\"The GRACE results in this region really were a surprise,\" said Wahr. \"One possible explanation is that previous estimates were based on measurements taken primarily from some of the lower, more accessible glaciers in Asia and were extrapolated to infer the behavior of higher glaciers. But unlike the lower glaciers, most of the high glaciers are located in very cold environments, and require greater amounts of atmospheric warming before local temperatures rise enough to cause significant melting. This makes it difficult to use low-elevation, ground-based measurements to estimate results from the entire system.\"\"This study finds that the world's small glaciers and ice caps in places like Alaska, South America and the Himalayas contribute about 0.4 millimeters (.02 inches) per year to sea level rise,\" said Tom Wagner, cryosphere program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. \"While this is lower than previous estimates, it confirms that ice is being lost from around the globe, with just a few areas in precarious balance. The results sharpen our view of land ice melting, which poses the biggest, most threatening factor in future sea level rise.\"Launched in 2002, the twin GRACE satellites track changes in Earth's gravity field by noting minute changes in gravitational pull caused by regional variations in Earth's mass, which for periods of months to years is typically due to movements of water on Earth's surface. It does this by measuring changes in the distance between its two identical spacecraft to one-hundredth the width of a human hair. The spacecraft, developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., are in the same orbit approximately 220 kilometers (137 miles) apart. || ",
            "hits": 80
        },
        {
            "id": 3910,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3910/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-02-07T12:40:00-05:00",
            "title": "Ice Sheet Mass Balance from GRACE",
            "description": "In the first comprehensive satellite study of its kind, a University of Colorado Boulder-led team used NASA data to calculate how much Earth's melting land ice is adding to global sea level rise.Using satellite measurements from the NASA/German Aerospace Center Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), the researchers measured ice loss in all of Earth's land ice between 2003 and 2010, with particular emphasis on glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica. The total global ice mass lost from Greenland, Antarctica and all Earth's glaciers and ice caps over the period studied was about 4.3 trillion tons (1,000 cubic miles), adding about 12 millimeters (0.5 inches) to global sea level. That's enough ice to cover the United States 1.5 feet (0.5 meters) deep. About a quarter of the average annual ice loss came from glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica (about 148 billion tons, or 39 cubic miles), while ice loss from Greenland and Antarctica and their peripheral ice caps and glaciers averaged roughly 385 billion tons (100 cubic miles) a year. Results of the study are published online Feb. 8 in the journal Nature.\"Earth is losing a huge amount of ice to the ocean annually, and these new results will help us answer important questions in terms of both sea rise and how the planet's cold regions are responding to global change,\" said University of Colorado Boulder physics professor John Wahr, who helped lead the study. \"The strength of GRACE is it sees all the mass in the system, even though its resolution isn't high enough to allow us to determine separate contributions from each individual glacier,\" said Wahr, also a fellow at the University of Colorado-headquartered Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. Traditional estimates of Earth's ice caps and glaciers have been made using ground measurements from relatively few glaciers to infer what all the world's unmonitored glaciers were doing. Only a few hundred of the roughly 200,000 glaciers worldwide have been monitored for longer than a decade. One unexpected study result from GRACE was that the estimated ice loss from high Asian mountain ranges like the Himalaya, the Pamir and the Tien Shan was only about 4 billion tons of ice annually. Some previous ground-based estimates of ice loss in these high Asian mountains have ranged up to 50 billion tons annually, Wahr said. \"The GRACE results in this region really were a surprise,\" said Wahr. \"One possible explanation is that previous estimates were based on measurements taken primarily from some of the lower, more accessible glaciers in Asia and were extrapolated to infer the behavior of higher glaciers. But unlike the lower glaciers, most of the high glaciers are located in very cold environments, and require greater amounts of atmospheric warming before local temperatures rise enough to cause significant melting. This makes it difficult to use low-elevation, ground-based measurements to estimate results from the entire system.\" \"This study finds that the world's small glaciers and ice caps in places like Alaska, South America and the Himalayas contribute about 0.4 millimeters (.02 inches) per year to sea level rise,\" said Tom Wagner, cryosphere program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. \"While this is lower than previous estimates, it confirms that ice is being lost from around the globe, with just a few areas in precarious balance. The results sharpen our view of land ice melting, which poses the biggest, most threatening factor in future sea level rise.\" Launched in 2002, the twin GRACE satellites track changes in Earth's gravity field by noting minute changes in gravitational pull caused by regional variations in Earth's mass, which for periods of months to years is typically due to movements of water on Earth's surface. It does this by measuring changes in the distance between its two identical spacecraft to one-hundredth the width of a human hair. The spacecraft, developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., are in the same orbit approximately 220 kilometers (137 miles) apart. || ",
            "hits": 150
        },
        {
            "id": 3911,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3911/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-02-07T12:40:00-05:00",
            "title": "Mass Balance Change over India from GRACE",
            "description": "In the first comprehensive satellite study of its kind, a University of Colorado Boulder-led team used NASA data to calculate how much Earth's melting land ice is adding to global sea level rise.Using satellite measurements from the NASA/German Aerospace Center Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), the researchers measured ice loss in all of Earth's land ice between 2003 and 2010, with particular emphasis on glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica. The total global ice mass lost from Greenland, Antarctica and all Earth's glaciers and ice caps over the period studied was about 4.3 trillion tons (1,000 cubic miles), adding about 12 millimeters (0.5 inches) to global sea level. That's enough ice to cover the United States 1.5 feet (0.5 meters) deep. About a quarter of the average annual ice loss came from glaciers and ice caps outside of Greenland and Antarctica (about 148 billion tons, or 39 cubic miles), while ice loss from Greenland and Antarctica and their peripheral ice caps and glaciers averaged roughly 385 billion tons (100 cubic miles) a year. Results of the study are published online Feb. 8 in the journal Nature.\"Earth is losing a huge amount of ice to the ocean annually, and these new results will help us answer important questions in terms of both sea rise and how the planet's cold regions are responding to global change,\" said University of Colorado Boulder physics professor John Wahr, who helped lead the study. \"The strength of GRACE is it sees all the mass in the system, even though its resolution isn't high enough to allow us to determine separate contributions from each individual glacier,\" said Wahr, also a fellow at the University of Colorado-headquartered Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. Traditional estimates of Earth's ice caps and glaciers have been made using ground measurements from relatively few glaciers to infer what all the world's unmonitored glaciers were doing. Only a few hundred of the roughly 200,000 glaciers worldwide have been monitored for longer than a decade. One unexpected study result from GRACE was that the estimated ice loss from high Asian mountain ranges like the Himalaya, the Pamir and the Tien Shan was only about 4 billion tons of ice annually. Some previous ground-based estimates of ice loss in these high Asian mountains have ranged up to 50 billion tons annually, Wahr said. \"The GRACE results in this region really were a surprise,\" said Wahr. \"One possible explanation is that previous estimates were based on measurements taken primarily from some of the lower, more accessible glaciers in Asia and were extrapolated to infer the behavior of higher glaciers. But unlike the lower glaciers, most of the high glaciers are located in very cold environments, and require greater amounts of atmospheric warming before local temperatures rise enough to cause significant melting. This makes it difficult to use low-elevation, ground-based measurements to estimate results from the entire system.\" \"This study finds that the world's small glaciers and ice caps in places like Alaska, South America and the Himalayas contribute about 0.4 millimeters (.02 inches) per year to sea level rise,\" said Tom Wagner, cryosphere program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. \"While this is lower than previous estimates, it confirms that ice is being lost from around the globe, with just a few areas in precarious balance. The results sharpen our view of land ice melting, which poses the biggest, most threatening factor in future sea level rise.\" Launched in 2002, the twin GRACE satellites track changes in Earth's gravity field by noting minute changes in gravitational pull caused by regional variations in Earth's mass, which for periods of months to years is typically due to movements of water on Earth's surface. It does this by measuring changes in the distance between its two identical spacecraft to one-hundredth the width of a human hair. The spacecraft, developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., are in the same orbit approximately 220 kilometers (137 miles) apart. || ",
            "hits": 43
        },
        {
            "id": 3687,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3687/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-03-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Changes from NASA GSFC GRACE Mascon Solutions with Banded Color Scale",
            "description": "Luthcke, S.B., D.D. Rowlands, J.J. McCarthy, A. Arendt, T. Sabaka, J.P. Boy, F.G. Lemoine, \"Recent Changes of the Earth's Land Ice from GRACE, \" presented at 2009 Fall AGU, H13G-02 (693337), Dec. 14, 2009.The mass changes of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) are computed from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) inter-satellite range-rate observations for the period April 5, 2003 - July 25, 2009. The mass of the GIS has been computed at 10-day intervals and 200km spatial resolution from a regional high-resolution mascon solution (Luthcke and others, 2008 and 2006). The animation shows the change in mass referenced from April 5, 2003. The spatial variation in surface mass is shown in centimeters equivalent height of water. The time variation of the GIS mass is shown in the x-y plot insert with units of Gigatons.Corresponding author:Scott B. LuthckeNASA GSFCPlanetary Geodynamics Laboratory, Code 698Scott.B.Luthcke@nasa.gov || ",
            "hits": 29
        },
        {
            "id": 3671,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3671/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-01-14T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Amazon Basin Monthly GRACE Data",
            "description": "This visualization displays monthly GRACE data in the Amazon basin. GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) measures mass distribution and in this instance is used to demonstrate water storage and movement in the basin. Warmer colors like red and yellow reveal areas with greater mass, or more water, while cooler colors like blue and green indicate areas with lesser mass, or less water. || ",
            "hits": 63
        },
        {
            "id": 3663,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3663/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-12-11T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Changes from NASA GSFC GRACE Mascon  Solutions",
            "description": "Luthcke, S.B., D.D. Rowlands, J.J. McCarthy, A. Arendt, T. Sabaka, J.P. Boy, F.G. Lemoine, \"Recent Changes of the Earth's Land Ice from GRACE, \" presented at 2009 Fall AGU, H13G-02 (693337), Dec. 14, 2009.The mass changes of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) are computed from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) inter-satellite range-rate observations for the period April 5, 2003 - July 25, 2009. The mass of the GIS has been computed at 10-day intervals and 200km spatial resolution from a regional high-resolution mascon solution (Luthcke and others, 2008 and 2006). The animation shows the change in mass referenced from April 5, 2003. The spatial variation in surface mass is shown in centimeters equivalent height of water. The time variation of the GIS mass is shown in the x-y plot insert with units of Gigatons.Corresponding author:Scott B. LuthckeNASA GSFCPlanetary Geodynamics Laboratory, Code 698Scott.B.Luthcke@nasa.gov || ",
            "hits": 44
        },
        {
            "id": 3673,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3673/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-12-11T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Poster of Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Changes from NASA GSFC  GRACE Mascon Solutions",
            "description": "Luthcke, S.B., D.D. Rowlands, J.J. McCarthy, A. Arendt, T. Sabaka, J.P. Boy, F.G. Lemoine, \"Recent Changes of the Earth's Land Ice from GRACE, \" presented at 2009 Fall AGU, H13G-02 (693337), Dec. 14, 2009.The mass changes of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) are computed from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) inter-satellite range-rate observations for the period April 5, 2003 - July 25, 2009. The mass of the GIS has been computed at 10-day intervals and 200 km spatial resolution from a regional high-resolution mascon solution (Luthcke and others, 2008 and 2006). The poster shows the change in mass during February, April, July and October from 2003 through 2009 as referenced from April 5, 2003. The spatial variation in surface mass is shown in centimeters equivalent height of water. The chart shown in the upper left corner presents total ice loss in Greenland over the same time period measured in gigatons. Corresponding author:Scott B. LuthckeNASA GSFCPlanetary Geodynamics Laboratory, Code 698Scott.B.Luthcke@nasa.gov || ",
            "hits": 30
        },
        {
            "id": 3655,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3655/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-11-24T14:30:00-05:00",
            "title": "GRACE Gravity Model",
            "description": "The following animation displays the Earth's gravitational anomalies. The colors and heights represent the strength of gravity at the locality. Areas with less mass, such as ocean basins, show up as blue, that is less gravity, while mountains such as the Andes are red, representing the greater pull of gravity. The visualization utilizes a version of the GRACE Gravity Model 02 that has been smoothed for greater readability. || ",
            "hits": 448
        },
        {
            "id": 10512,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10512/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2009-10-27T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Science for a Hungry World: Growing Water Problems",
            "description": "One of the biggest changes to global agriculture is less about the food itself as it is about the water we use to grow it. In some areas, farmers are using freshwater resources - including groundwater - at an alarming rate. The GRACE satellites enable scientists to discover changes to underground aquifers by monitoring changes in the Earth's gravity. In northern India, farmers rely heavily on irrigation to grow crops, and the resulting massive aquifer depletion creates an uncertain future for the region. For complete transcript, click here. || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_512x288.05177_print.jpg (1024x576) [180.7 KB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_512x288_web.png (320x180) [321.0 KB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_512x288_thm.png (80x40) [18.0 KB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_960x540_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [72.9 MB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_1280x720_Youtube.mov (1280x720) [76.1 MB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_960x540_AppleTV.m4v (960x540) [176.9 MB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_1280x720_H264.mov (1280x720) [135.9 MB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_640x480_ipod.m4v (640x360) [52.9 MB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_512x288.mpg (512x288) [159.1 MB] || Agriculture_Episode_5_Water_320x240.mp4 (320x180) [23.2 MB] || bigmovie-science_for_a_hungry_world_5-water_problems.hwshow || ",
            "hits": 32
        },
        {
            "id": 3522,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3522/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-11-12T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Recent Glacier Mass Changes in the Gulf of Alaska Region from GRACE Mascon Solutions",
            "description": "Mass changes of the Earth's ice sheets and glacier systems are of considerable importance because of their sensitivity to climate change and their contribution to rising sea level. Recent changes in the cryosphere highlight the importance of methods for directly observing the complex spatial and temporal variation of land ice mass flux. Since its launch in March of 2002, the NASA/DLR Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has been acquiring ultra-precise inter-satellite K-band range and range-rate (KBRR) measurements enabling a direct mapping of static and time-variable gravity. These data provide new opportunities to observe and understand ice mass changes at unprecedented temporal and spatial resolutions. In order to improve upon the ice mass change observations derived from GRACE, we have employed unique data analysis approaches to obtain lumped harmonic local mass concentration solutions (mascon solutions) from GRACE inter-satellite range-rate measurements. We have computed multi-year time series of surface mass flux for Greenland and Antarctica coastal and interior ice sheet sub-drainage systems as well as the Alaskan glacier systems. These mascon solutions provide important observations of the seasonal and inter-annual evolution of the Earth's land ice. Additionally, these solutions facilitate a detailed comparison to surface elevation change observations from spaceborne and airborne laser altimetry as well as surface melt observations. We present our latest mascon solutions of the Alaska mountain glaciers. We compare these mass flux solutions to ICESat and airborne laser altimeter observations of surface elevation change as well as surface melt observations derived from MODIS data. The combination of GRACE high-resolution mass flux observations together with the surface elevation change and surface melt observations is beginning to reveal a detailed understanding of the Earth's high latitude land ice evolution. || ",
            "hits": 75
        }
    ]
}