{ "count": 177, "next": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/api/search/?keywords=ozone&limit=100&offset=100", "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 31392, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31392/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2026-04-20T18:59:59-04:00", "title": "Antarctic Ozone Hole Maximum Area, 1979-2025", "description": "Visualization of Antarctic ozone on the day each year when the ozone hole was at its largest size.", "hits": 530 }, { "id": 14923, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14923/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-11-24T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "2025 Ozone Hole Update", "description": "This year, the ozone hole over Antarctica reached its annual maximum extent on September 9th, 2025, with an area of 8.83 million square miles (22.86 million square kilometers.) The average size of the ozone hole between September 7 and October 13 this year was the 5th-smallest since 1992— when the Montreal Protocol began to take effect. || ", "hits": 713 }, { "id": 14432, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14432/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-01-31T15:00:00-05:00", "title": "How NASA Sees the Air We Breathe", "description": "NASA and NOAA, among other agencies, worked together this summer through the STAQS and AEROMMA missions to calibrate and validate NASA’s new TEMPO satellite. The satellite and missions combined aim to not only better measure air quality, and the major pollutants that impact it, but also to improve air quality, from street to stratosphere. This effort was documented during the August 2023 campaign leg, which took place over the Chicago region. Complete transcript available.Universal Music Production: Night Swimmer Instrumental [PRS], Living In The Light Instrumental [PRS], Nanofiber Instrumental [PRS], Results Take Time Instrumental [PRS], Spin Foam Instrumental [PRS], and Mindful Instrumental [PRS]. \u2028Additional images courtesy of Rafael Méndez Peña Additional images courtesy of Community Research On Climate and Urban Science Department of Energy Integrated Urban Field LaboratoryThis video can be freely shared and downloaded. While the video in its entirety can be shared without permission, some individual imagery provided by ASF is obtained through permission and may not be excised or remixed in other products. For more information on NASA’s media guidelines, visit https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/guidelines/index.html || STAQS_thumbnail_FINAL.jpg (1280x720) [648.9 KB] || STAQS_thumbnail_FINAL_print.jpg (1024x576) [461.5 KB] || STAQS_thumbnail_FINAL_web.png (320x180) [91.7 KB] || STAQS_Locked_Final.webm (1920x1080) [71.4 MB] || STAQS_transcript_en_US.en_US.srt [11.2 KB] || STAQS_transcript_en_US.en_US.vtt [11.2 KB] || STAQS_Locked_Final.mp4 (1920x1080) [1.3 GB] || ", "hits": 48 }, { "id": 14711, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14711/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2024-10-30T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "2024 Ozone Hole Update", "description": "This year, the ozone hole over Antarctica reached its annual maximum extent on September 28th, 2024, with an area of 8.5 million square miles (22.4 square million kilometers.) The hole, which is actually a region of depleted ozone, was the 20th smallest since scientists began recording the ozone hole in 1979. The average size of the ozone hole between September 7 and October 13 this year was the 7th-smallest since the Montreal Protocol began to take effect. || ", "hits": 145 }, { "id": 14449, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14449/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2023-11-01T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "2023 Ozone Hole Update", "description": "The 2023 Antarctic ozone hole reached its maximum size at 10 million square miles, or 26 million square kilometers, on Sept. 21, which ranks as the 16th largest since 1979, according to annual satellite and balloon-based measurements made by NASA and NOAA. During the peak of the ozone depletion season from Sept. 7 to Oct. 13, the hole averaged 8.9 million square miles (23.1 million square kilometers), approximately the size of North America || ", "hits": 107 }, { "id": 31237, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31237/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2023-07-26T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ozonewatch 2022", "description": "Plots showing the size of the ozone hole between 1979 and 2022. || 2022-ozone-all-elements_print.jpg (1024x576) [89.7 KB] || 2022-ozone-all-elements.png (3840x2160) [1.2 MB] || 2022-ozone-all-elements_searchweb.png (320x180) [37.1 KB] || 2022-ozone-all-elements_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || 2022-ozone-all-elements.hwshow [77 bytes] || ", "hits": 46 }, { "id": 31201, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31201/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2022-10-26T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ozonewatch 2021", "description": "Plots showing the size of the ozone hole. || 2021-ozone-all-elements_print.jpg (1024x576) [107.5 KB] || 2021-ozone-all-elements.png (3840x2160) [1.5 MB] || 2021-ozone-all-elements_searchweb.png (320x180) [44.0 KB] || 2021-ozone-all-elements_thm.png (80x40) [4.7 KB] || ozonewatch-2021-season.hwshow [292 bytes] || ", "hits": 70 }, { "id": 14056, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14056/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2022-03-24T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Tracks COVID-19’s Atmospheric Fingerprint", "description": "Universal Production Music: The Mysterious Staircase by Brice Davoli [SACEM], Suspended in Time by Brice Davoli [SACEM]Stock Footage: Pond5Complete transcript available. || 14056_Still.jpg (1920x1080) [939.6 KB] || 14056_Still_searchweb.png (320x180) [61.8 KB] || 14056_Still_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || 14056_Atmo.mov (1920x1080) [3.2 GB] || 14056_Atmo.mp4 (1920x1080) [233.2 MB] || 14056_Twitter_Atmo.mp4 (1280x720) [60.2 MB] || 14056_Twitter_Atmo.webm (1280x720) [24.8 MB] || 14056_atmo.en_US.srt [4.7 KB] || 14056_atmo.en_US.vtt [4.4 KB] || ", "hits": 68 }, { "id": 4959, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4959/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-12-13T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Reduction in Tropospheric NOx and Ozone Corresponding to Worldwide COVID-19 Lockdowns", "description": "When the world went into lockdown to slow the spread of COVID-19, air pollution emissions started to rapidly decrease leaving a global atmospheric fingerprint detected by a team of scientists at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory using satellite measurements. These traces provided an unexpected window into what low-emissions world could look like, thus providing a means for identifying effective environmental policies. While many countries in the last few decades have implemented environmental policies to reduce human health risk from air pollution by controlling emissions, the impacts of those policies have not always been clear. The global lockdowns in response to COVID-19 represent a well-observed “scenario-of-opportunity” that allows us to assess how atmospheric emission and composition responds to reduced human activity. COVID-19 lockdowns effectively showed how reducing NOx emissions affects the global atmosphere. Its identifying signature shows up as in the atmosphere’s altered ability to produce harmful ozone pollution and ozone’s reduced influence on Earth’s heat balance that affects climate. These effects are not uniform across the world and depend on the location and season of the emission reductions.The results of this research indicate that in order to design effective environmental policies which benefit both air quality and climate, decision-makers need to carefully consider the complex relationships between emissions and atmospheric composition. || ", "hits": 63 }, { "id": 14037, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14037/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2021-12-01T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Ozone 101: What Is the Ozone Hole?", "description": "Ozone 101 is the first in a series of explainer videos outlining the fundamentals of popular Earth science topics. Let’s back up to the basics and understand what caused the Ozone Hole, its effects on the planet, and what scientists predict will happen in future decades. || ", "hits": 152 }, { "id": 13871, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13871/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2021-06-09T13:30:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Finds Local Lockdowns Brought Global Ozone Reductions", "description": "This video can be freely shared and downloaded. While the video in its entirety can be shared without permission, some individual imagery is provided by pond5.com and is obtained through permission and may not be excised or remixed in other products. Specific details on stock footage may be found here. For more information on NASA’s media guidelines, visit https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/guidelines/index.html.Music Credit:Universal Production Music: Waiting For Results - Adam John Salkeld [PRS], Neil Pollard [PRS]Complete transcript available. || 13871_Still_Image.jpg (1920x1080) [626.3 KB] || 13871_Still_Image_searchweb.png (320x180) [77.2 KB] || 13871_Still_Image_thm.png (80x40) [7.0 KB] || 13871_COVIDNOx.mov (1920x1080) [1.9 GB] || 13871_COVIDNOx.mp4 (1920x1080) [199.0 MB] || 13871_COVIDNOx.webm (1920x1080) [15.2 MB] || COVIDNOX.en_US.srt [2.1 KB] || COVIDNOX.en_US.vtt [2.1 KB] || ", "hits": 34 }, { "id": 4912, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4912/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-06-09T12:30:00-04:00", "title": "Global Tropospheric Ozone Response to Worldwide COVID-19 Lockdowns", "description": "Free tropospheric ozone anomaly at 500 hPa || covid_ozone_z9_500hPa.00900_print.jpg (1024x576) [141.7 KB] || covid_ozone_z9_500hPa.00900_searchweb.png (320x180) [74.2 KB] || covid_ozone_z9_500hPa.00900_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || covid_ozone_z9_500hPa.mp4 (1920x1080) [87.1 MB] || covid_ozone_z9_500hPa.webm (1920x1080) [5.4 MB] || covid_ozone_z9_500hPa.mp4.hwshow [214 bytes] || ", "hits": 37 }, { "id": 13752, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13752/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2020-10-30T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "2020 Weather Patterns Push Antarctic Ozone Hole to 12th Largest on Record", "description": "A cold and stable Antarctic vortex supported the development of the 12th largest ozone hole on record in 2020. The hole reached its peak extent on September 20th at 24.8 million square kilometers. || ", "hits": 206 }, { "id": 13349, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13349/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2019-10-21T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Unusual Winds Drive a Small 2019 Ozone Hole", "description": "Every year, NASA and NOAA track the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica as it grows to its annual winter maximum. This year, the hole was smaller than expected, due to an unusual weather pattern in the stratosphere. || ", "hits": 58 }, { "id": 30985, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30985/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2019-03-18T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ozonewatch 2018", "description": "Plots showing the size of the ozone hole. || ozone_season_plot_2018_print.jpg (1024x574) [75.5 KB] || ozone_season_plot_2018.png (4104x2304) [1.3 MB] || ozone_season_plot_2018_searchweb.png (320x180) [38.8 KB] || ozone_season_plot_2018_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || ozone_season_plot_2018.hwshow [93 bytes] || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 13103, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13103/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-11-02T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "2018 Ozone Hole Is a Reminder of What Almost Was", "description": "Music: Saturn Echoes by Eddy Pradelles [SACEM]Complete transcript available. || Ozone_2018Max1.jpg (1920x1080) [423.1 KB] || Ozone_2018Max1_searchweb.png (180x320) [35.1 KB] || Ozone_2018Max1_thm.png (80x40) [4.0 KB] || Ozone_2018.mp4 (1920x1080) [84.2 MB] || Ozone_2018.webm (1920x1080) [9.9 MB] || Ozone_Captions.en_US.srt [1.4 KB] || Ozone_Captions.en_US.vtt [1.4 KB] || ", "hits": 62 }, { "id": 13056, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13056/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-09-27T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "EPIC New Science from 1 Million Miles Away", "description": "NASA's Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) sits onboard NOAA's Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) satellite at the Lagrange point 1, a million miles away from Earth. EPIC has been imaging the sunlit side of Earth between 13 and 22 times a day since 2015. Now, scientists have developed ways to use these images to study specific elements of our home planet's atmosphere and plant life, like ozone in the stratosphere, the makeup of clouds and the health of vegetation on land. || ", "hits": 81 }, { "id": 12816, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12816/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-01-04T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA Sees Definitive Evidence of the Montreal Protocol’s Success", "description": "Complete transcript available. || LARGE_MP4_12816_ChlorineDecreasinginOzone_large_1.01386_print.jpg (1024x576) [54.5 KB] || LARGE_MP4_12816_ChlorineDecreasinginOzone_large_1.01386_searchweb.png (320x180) [37.9 KB] || LARGE_MP4_12816_ChlorineDecreasinginOzone_large_1.01386_thm.png (80x40) [3.5 KB] || LARGE_MP4_12816_ChlorineOzone_Strahan_Final_large.mp4 (1920x1080) [198.9 MB] || WEBM_12816_ChlorineOzone_Strahan_Final.webm (960x540) [73.4 MB] || YOUTUBE_1080_12816_ChlorineOzone_Strahan_Final_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [338.4 MB] || 12816_ChlorineOzone_Strahan_Final_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [125.2 MB] || 12816_ChlorineOzone_Strahan_Final_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [125.3 MB] || Chlorine_Strahan.en_US.srt [3.6 KB] || Chlorine_Strahan.en_US.vtt [3.6 KB] || 12816_ChlorineOzone_Strahan_Final_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [35.0 MB] || ", "hits": 548 }, { "id": 30921, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30921/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2017-12-31T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Ozonewatch 2017", "description": "Plots showing the size of the ozone hole. || ozone_season_plot_2017_print.jpg (1024x574) [93.7 KB] || ozone_season_plot_2017.png (4104x2304) [1.2 MB] || ozone_season_plot_2017_searchweb.png (320x180) [40.1 KB] || ozone_season_plot_2017_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || ozone_plots_october_1_1979-2017.hwshow [215 bytes] || ", "hits": 30 }, { "id": 30920, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30920/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2017-12-11T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Total Ozone and UV, 2017", "description": "Southern hemisphere ozone 2017 || ozone_sh_20171130_print.jpg (1024x574) [48.8 KB] || ozone_sh_20171130.png (4104x2304) [1.3 MB] || ozone_sh_20171130_searchweb.png (320x180) [32.4 KB] || ozone_sh_20171130_thm.png (80x40) [3.5 KB] || test.hwshow [319 bytes] || ", "hits": 67 }, { "id": 12797, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12797/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-12-08T16:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA Evaluates New Threats to Earth’s Ozone Layer", "description": "Complete transcript available. || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.00060_print.jpg (1024x576) [57.9 KB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.00060_searchweb.png (320x180) [55.6 KB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.00060_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.mp4 (1920x1080) [638.6 MB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.webm (1920x1080) [21.6 MB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.en_US.srt [3.9 KB] || Ozone_future_concerns_2017.en_US.vtt [3.9 KB] || ", "hits": 97 }, { "id": 30918, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30918/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2017-12-04T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Total Column Ozone from EP-TOMS and MERRA-2 GMI", "description": "Total Column Ozone from EP-TOMS and MERRA-2 GMIThe ozone layer is Earth’s protection from harmful ultraviolet radiation. NASA has a long history of measuring total column ozone using a variety of instruments, typically with polar orbiting satellites measuring backscattered solar radiation. This produces near global coverage over the course of a day over the sunlit portion of Earth. Some missing data occurs between swaths, over the polar region during winter, and during satellite outages. This animation shows the evolution of daily composites of total column ozone as observed with Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (EP-TOMS), on the right panel, from July 1, 2002 to Oct. 31, 2002. On the left panel is the total column ozone from the MERRA-2 GMI simulation, with hourly time resolution over the same time period. MERRA-2 GMI is a Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5) “replay” simulation at 0.5° (~50km) horizontal resolution, driven by MERRA-2 reanalyzed winds, temperature, and pressure, coupled to the comprehensive Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) stratosphere-troposphere chemical mechanism. This animation shows the onset of the Antarctic ozone hole formation during austral winter of the dynamically active 2002 season and its breakdown during spring. In September 2002, the Antarctic polar vortex split into 2 lobes following the first and only observed major stratospheric warming in the Southern Hemisphere over our observational record. By combining NASA’s observations and chemistry simulations we have a clearer view of the evolution of Earth’s ozone layer over the recent past. || oman_toz_2002_pngs_1080.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [117.1 KB] || oman_toz_2002_pngs_1080.00001_searchweb.png (320x180) [61.2 KB] || oman_toz_2002_pngs_1080.00001_web.png (320x180) [61.2 KB] || oman_toz_2002_pngs_1080.00001_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || oman_toz_2002_pngs_1080.webm (1920x1080) [10.5 MB] || oman_toz_2002_pngs_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [187.7 MB] || ", "hits": 75 }, { "id": 12764, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12764/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-11-02T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Warm Winter Air Makes for a Small Ozone Hole", "description": "Music: Stars Align by Andrew Michael Britton [PRS] || LARGE_MP4-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_large.01358_print.jpg (1024x576) [64.4 KB] || LARGE_MP4-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_large.01358_searchweb.png (320x180) [41.0 KB] || LARGE_MP4-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_large.01358_thm.png (80x40) [4.1 KB] || LARGE_MP4-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_large.mp4 (1920x1080) [46.1 MB] || APPLE_TV-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [20.2 MB] || YOUTUBE_1080-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [64.9 MB] || WEBM-12764_2017OzoneMinimum.webm (960x540) [18.0 MB] || APPLE_TV-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [20.2 MB] || 2017OzoneMinimum.en_US.srt [732 bytes] || 2017OzoneMinimum.en_US.vtt [745 bytes] || NASA_PODCAST-12764_2017OzoneMinimum_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [7.4 MB] || ", "hits": 179 }, { "id": 12708, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12708/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-09-16T07:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Watches 30 Years of Ozone Success", "description": "Thirty years ago, the nations of the world agreed to the landmark ‘Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.’ The Protocol limited the release of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere. Since the 1960s, NASA scientists have worked with NOAA researchers to study the ozone layer, using a combination of satellite, aircraft and balloon measurements of the atmosphere.Things have been improving in the 30 years since the Montreal Protocol. Thanks to the agreement, the concentration of CFCs in the atmosphere has been decreasing, and the ozone hole maximum has been smaller since a record in 2006.From the ground and space, NASA science offers a unique perspective of Earth, helping to identify challenges and find solutions to benefit the planet. || ", "hits": 133 }, { "id": 30781, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30781/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2017-05-31T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Earth Observing Fleet by Theme", "description": "The current Earth Observing Fleet with all satellites capturing data related to Sea Ice Cover highlighted, combined with key visualizations showing the significance of the data || fleet_data_precipitation_1080p.00001_print.jpg (1024x576) [227.2 KB] || fleet_data_precipitation_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [51.9 MB] || fleet_data_precipitation_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [3.7 MB] || fleet_data_precipitation_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [95.8 MB] || fleet_precipitation (4104x2304) [0 Item(s)] || fleet_data_precipitation_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [281.0 MB] || ", "hits": 34 }, { "id": 30844, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30844/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2016-12-13T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Ozonewatch 2016", "description": "animation of Antarctic ozone || ozone_jul-dec_season_1979-2016_print.jpg (1024x574) [84.4 KB] || ozone_jul-dec_season_1979-2016.png (4104x2304) [2.8 MB] || ozone_jul-dec_season_1979-2016_searchweb.png (320x180) [48.9 KB] || ozone_jul-dec_season_1979-2016_thm.png (80x40) [5.0 KB] || ozone_jul-dec_season_1979-2016_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [10.0 MB] || ozone_jul-dec_season_1979-2016_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [5.6 MB] || ozone_jul-dec_season_1979-2016_720p.webm (1280x720) [3.5 MB] || ozone_jul-dec_season_1979-2016_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [29.0 MB] || ", "hits": 37 }, { "id": 4431, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4431/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-02-24T16:00:00-05:00", "title": "Ozone Transport in the Tropical Western Pacific", "description": "An animation showing flight 13 from the CONTRAST campaign and the backflow trajectories. The trajectories are coloured by observed aircraft ozone level where blue values represent low concentrations of ozone and red represents high values. This includes a date and colorbar. || ozoneTransport_wColorBar2.1999_print.jpg (1024x576) [176.0 KB] || ozoneTransport_wColorBar2.1999_web.png (320x180) [93.8 KB] || ozoneTransport_wColorBar2.1999_thm.png (80x40) [7.2 KB] || ozoneTransport.1999_searchweb.png (320x180) [98.3 KB] || ozoneTransport_wColorBar2_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [28.4 MB] || ozoneTransport_wColorBar2_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [7.8 MB] || OzoneTransport_wColorBar (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ozoneTransport_wColorBar2_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [67.6 MB] || ozoneTransport_wColorBar2_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [238 bytes] || ", "hits": 58 }, { "id": 30731, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30731/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2015-12-10T15:00:00-05:00", "title": "Ozonewatch 2015", "description": "Ozone hole size plots and October 1st images from 1979-2015 || ozone_plots_october_1_1979-2015_print.jpg (1024x574) [104.6 KB] || ozone_plots_october_1_1979-2015.png (4104x2304) [2.3 MB] || ozone_plots_october_1_1979-2015_searchweb.png (320x180) [47.7 KB] || ozone_plots_october_1_1979-2015_thm.png (80x40) [4.9 KB] || ozone_plots_october_30731.key [5.4 MB] || ozone_plots_october_30731.pptx [2.8 MB] || ", "hits": 46 }, { "id": 12062, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12062/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-11-19T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "Annual Antarctic Ozone Hole Larger and Formed Later in 2015", "description": "The 2015 Antarctic ozone hole area was larger and formed later than in recent years, said scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). || ", "hits": 38 }, { "id": 4389, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4389/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-10-22T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ozone Depletion by Hydrofluorocarbons", "description": "Forecast stratospheric ozone depletion due to hydroflourocarbin emissions from 2000 to 2050.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || rothfcglobe.00600_print.jpg (1024x576) [47.8 KB] || rothfcglobe.00600_searchweb.png (320x180) [22.9 KB] || rothfcglobe.00600_thm.png (80x40) [3.3 KB] || rothfcglobe_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [27.3 MB] || rotating (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || rothfcglobe_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [3.4 MB] || annhfcglobe_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [5.9 MB] || annotated (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || rothfcglobe_1080p.mp4.hwshow [183 bytes] || ", "hits": 577 }, { "id": 11869, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11869/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-05-08T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA On Air: Big Ozone Holes Headed For Extinction By 2040 (5/8/2015)", "description": "LEAD: NASA scientists report that the ozone hole over Antarctica is slowly recovering.1. The ozone hole is the result of man-made chlorine and bromine chemicals reacting with thin ice clouds at 60,000 feet where temperatures are bitterly cold, less than –110 Degrees Fahrenheit.2. The ozone hole varies from twice to three times the size of the United States.3. Since the Montreal Protocol agreement in 1987, emissions have been regulated and ozone-depleting chemical levels have been slowly declining.4. With a new analysis, NASA scientists say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than less than twice the United States.TAG: Scientists will continue to use satellites to monitor the recovery of the ozone hole and they hope to see its full recovery before the end of the century. || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg (1024x576) [115.0 KB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_searchweb.png (320x180) [78.1 KB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_web.png (320x180) [78.1 KB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [648.2 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [766.3 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_NBC_Today.mov (1920x1080) [241.4 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_WEA_CEN.wmv (1280x720) [17.3 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_converted.avi (1280x720) [19.0 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_baron.mp4 (1920x1080) [20.6 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [518.5 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.m4v (960x540) [71.1 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1280x720.m4v (1280x720) [116.2 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.m4v (1920x1080) [241.4 MB] || WC_Ozone2040-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.webm (960x540) [3.4 MB] || ", "hits": 98 }, { "id": 11781, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11781/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-05-06T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Big Ozone Holes Headed For Extinction By 2040", "description": "The next three decades will see an end of the era of big ozone holes. In a new study, scientists from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than 8 million square miles by the year 2040.Ozone-depleting chemicals in the atmosphere cause an ozone hole to form over Antarctica during the winter months in the Southern Hemisphere. Since the Montreal Protocol agreement in 1987, emissions have been regulated and chemical levels have been declining. However, the ozone hole has still remained bigger than 8 million square miles since the early 1990s, with exact sizes varying from year to year.The size of the ozone hole varies due to both temperature and levels of ozone-depleting chemicals in the atmosphere. In order to get a more accurate picture of the future size of the ozone hole, scientists used NASA’s AURA satellite to determine how much the levels of these chemicals in the atmosphere varied each year. With this new knowledge, scientists can confidently say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than 8 million square miles by the year 2040. Scientists will continue to use satellites to monitor the recovery of the ozone hole and they hope to see its full recovery before the end of the century.Research: Inorganic chlorine variability in the Antarctic vortex and implications for ozone recovery.Journal: Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, December 18, 2014.Link to paper: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JD022295/abstract.Here is the YouTube video. || ", "hits": 97 }, { "id": 11813, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11813/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-04-05T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "A Story of Ozone: The Earth's Natural Sunscreen", "description": "Dr. Paul Newman is the chief scientist for atmospheric sciences at NASA Goddard. In this talk he discusses how chlorofluorocarbons were destroying the ozone layer, what policy-makers did about it, and what challenges the ozone layer faces today. For complete transcript, click here. || G2015-023_Ozone_TedTalk_nasaportal_print.jpg (1024x576) [80.9 KB] || G2015-023_Ozone_TedTalk_nasaportal_searchweb.png (320x180) [75.5 KB] || G2015-023_Ozone_TedTalk_nasaportal_print_thm.png (80x40) [7.1 KB] || G2015-023_Ozone_TedTalk_youtube_hq.webm (1280x720) [117.5 MB] || G2015-023_Ozone_TedTalk_appletv.m4v (960x540) [410.2 MB] || G2015-023_Ozone_TedTalk_youtube_hq.mov (1280x720) [664.6 MB] || G2015-023_Ozone_TedTalk_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [468.8 MB] || G2015-023_Ozone_TedTalk_prores.mov (1280x720) [15.6 GB] || G2015-023_Ozone_TedTalk_appletv_subtitles.m4v (960x540) [409.8 MB] || G2015-023_Ozone_TedTalk_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [166.0 MB] || G2015-023_Ozone_TedTalk_nasaportal.mov (640x360) [397.3 MB] || G2015-023_Ozone_TedTalk.en_US.srt [20.9 KB] || G2015-023_Ozone_TedTalk_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [84.3 MB] || ", "hits": 275 }, { "id": 4272, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4272/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-02-09T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "What Would have Happened to the Ozone Layer if Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) had not been Regulated? (UPDATED)", "description": "World Avoided Ozone Full AnimationThis video is also available on our YouTube channel. || world_avoided_robinson.1830_print.jpg (1024x576) [70.0 KB] || world_avoided_robinson.1830_searchweb.png (180x320) [38.8 KB] || world_avoided_robinson.1830_thm.png (80x40) [4.7 KB] || full_movie (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || world_avoided_robinson_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [26.3 MB] || world_avoided_robinson_1080.webm (1920x1080) [7.2 MB] || world_avoided_robinson_4272.pptx [27.2 MB] || world_avoided_robinson_4272.key [29.8 MB] || world_avoided_robinson_1080.mp4.hwshow || ", "hits": 139 }, { "id": 30548, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30548/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2014-11-18T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Montage of early data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder", "description": "Montage of six measurements made by MLS || montage_early_data_aura_microwave_limb_sounder_print.jpg (1024x576) [59.6 KB] || montage_early_data_aura_microwave_limb_sounder_web.png (320x180) [40.8 KB] || montage_early_data_aura_microwave_limb_sounder_web.jpg (320x180) [11.6 KB] || montage_early_data_aura_microwave_limb_sounder_searchweb.png (180x320) [40.8 KB] || montage_early_data_aura_microwave_limb_sounder_thm.png (80x40) [4.4 KB] || mls_montage_720p.webm (1280x720) [1.3 MB] || mls_montage_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [1.3 MB] || mls_montage_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [2.3 MB] || montage_early_data_aura_microwave_limb_sounder.tif (5760x3240) [19.2 MB] || mls_montage_360p.mp4 (640x360) [523.1 KB] || mls_montage_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [6.4 MB] || Montage_early_data_Aura_Microwave_Limb_S.pptx [1.9 MB] || Montage_early_data_Aura_Microwave_Limb_S.key [4.3 MB] || ", "hits": 141 }, { "id": 30078, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30078/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2014-11-17T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "OzoneWatch 2014", "description": "Each year for the past few decades during the Southern Hemisphere spring, chemical reactions involving chlorine and bromine cause ozone in the southern polar region to be destroyed rapidly and severely. This depleted region is known as the “ozone hole”.The area of the ozone hole is determined from a map of total column ozone. It is calculated from the area on the Earth that is enclosed by a line with a constant value of 220 Dobson Units (a unit of measure for total ozone.) The value of 220 Dobson Units is chosen since total ozone values of less than 220 Dobson Units were not found in the historic observations over Antarctica prior to 1979. Also, from direct measurements over Antarctica, a column ozone level of less than 220 Dobson Units is a result of the ozone loss from chlorine and bromine compounds.This hyperwall-ready series shows the recent status of the ozone layer over the Antarctic, with a focus on the ozone hole. Satellite instruments monitor the ozone layer, and OzoneWatch uses their data to create the images that depict the amount of ozone. || ", "hits": 35 }, { "id": 10182, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10182/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-11-10T09:00:00-05:00", "title": "Why is the Ozone Hole Getting Smaller?", "description": "The Antarctic ozone hole reached its annual peak size on Sept. 11, according to scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The size of this year’s hole was 24.1 million square kilometers (9.3 million square miles) — an area roughly the size of North America.With the increased atmospheric chlorine levels present since the 1980s, the Antarctic ozone hole forms and expands during the Southern Hemisphere spring (August and September). The ozone layer helps shield life on Earth from potentially harmful ultraviolet radiation that can cause skin cancer and damage plants.The Montreal Protocol agreement beginning in 1987 regulated ozone depleting substances, such as chlorine-containing chlorofluorocarbons and bromine-containing halons. The 2014 level of these substances over Antarctica has declined about 9 percent below the record maximum in 2000.“Year-to-year weather variability significantly impacts Antarctica ozone because warmer stratospheric temperatures can reduce ozone depletion,” said Paul A. Newman, chief scientist for atmospheres at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.Scientists are working to determine if the ozone hole trend over the last decade is a result of temperature increases or chorine declines. An increase of stratospheric temperature over Antarctica would decrease the ozone hole’s area. || ", "hits": 162 }, { "id": 11648, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11648/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-09-10T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ozone minimum concentrations, 1979-2013", "description": "Visualizations of ozone concentrations over the southern hemisphere.Data is from ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov || ", "hits": 69 }, { "id": 11607, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11607/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-09-08T16:35:00-04:00", "title": "10 Years of Aura Legacy", "description": "The Aura atmospheric chemistry satellite celebrates its 10th anniversary in July, 2014. Since its launch in 2004, Aura has monitored the Earth's atmosphere and provided data on the ozone layer, air quality, and greenhouse gases associated with climate change. || ", "hits": 31 }, { "id": 11626, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11626/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-08-20T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ozone-Depleting Compound Persists", "description": "Earth's atmosphere contains an unexpectedly large amount of an ozone-depleting compound from an unknown source decades after the compound was banned worldwide.The compound, carbon tetrachloride, was used in applications such as dry cleaning and as a fire-extinguishing agent, until its regulation in 1987 under the Montreal Protocol along with other chlorofluorocarbons that destroy ozone and contribute to the ozone hole over Antarctica. Parties to the Montreal Protocol reported zero new emissions between 2007-2012.However, new research led by Qing Liang at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, shows that worldwide emissions of carbon tetrachloride average 39 kilotons per year – approximately 30 percent of peak emissions prior to the international treaty going into effect. Now that scientists have quantified the emissions they can begin investigating where they are coming from. Are there industrial leakages, large emissions from contaminated sites, or some other unknown source? || ", "hits": 75 }, { "id": 4160, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4160/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-04-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Stratospheric Ozone Intrusion", "description": "Events called stratospheric ozone intrusions occur most often in spring and early summer, and can raise ground-level ozone concentrations in some areas to potentially unhealthy levels.This visualization shows one such event that occurred on April 6, 2012. On that day, a fast-moving area of low pressure moved northeast across states in the Western U.S., clipping western and northern Colorado. Ozone-rich stratospheric air descended, folding into tropospheric air near the ground. Winds took hold of the air mass and pushed it in all directions, bringing stratospheric ozone to the ground in Colorado and along the Northern Front Range.Atmospheric scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., set out to see if the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5) Chemistry-Climate Model could replicate stratospheric ozone intrusions at 25-kilometer (16-mile) resolution. High-resolution models are possible due to computing power now capable of simulating the chemistry and movement of gasses and pollutants around the atmosphere and calculating their interactions.They show that indeed, the model could replicate small-scale features, including finger-like filaments, within the apron of ozone-rich stratospheric air that descended over Colorado on April 6, 2012. || ", "hits": 62 }, { "id": 30366, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30366/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monthly Total Column Ozone", "description": "Ozone gas is a form of oxygen in which each molecule has three oxygen atoms instead of two. Near the ground, ozone is a pollutant that forms when byproducts of burning coal, oil, or gasoline mix with water vapor in the presence of sunlight. In the stratosphere, however, ozone forms naturally and absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation known as UV-B. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura satellite provides daily total-column ozone, which is how much ozone is present in a column of the atmosphere stretching from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. Therefore, it includes both ground-level and stratospheric ozone.These maps show monthly total-column ozone as measured by OMI from October 2004 to the present. Ozone concentrations are measured in Dobson Units. A Dobson Unit is the amount of ozone that would be required to create a layer of pure ozone 0.01 millimeters thick at the Earth’s surface, at a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 1 atmosphere. || ", "hits": 67 }, { "id": 30014, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30014/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-03-18T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Nitrogen Dioxide from Aura/OMI, 2013-2014", "description": "Major sources of tropospheric NO2 include industrial emissions, automobile traffic, forest and brush fires, microbiological soil emissions, lightning, and aircraft. More than half of the total NO2 emissions are estimated to be anthropogenic, mainly from the burning of fossil fuels for energy production, transportation, and industrial activities. NO2 has a relatively short lifetime (about a day) and is therefore concentrated near its sources. || ", "hits": 32 }, { "id": 11119, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11119/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2012-10-24T08:00:00-04:00", "title": "2012 Ozone Hole Max", "description": "An ozone hole forms above Antarctica every year. This year it reached its max on Sept. 22, 2012, but it is smaller than in the past because of usual variations in Antarctic weather conditions. The ozone hole reached its largest size six years ago, in 2006, when it covered more than 11 million square miles. World adherence to the Montreal Protocol-an international treaty that regulated the use of CFCs-has helped protect the ozone layer. Scientists expect the ozone layer to return to 1980 levels by 2050. || ", "hits": 61 }, { "id": 10800, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10800/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-06-23T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Discover-AQ", "description": "NASA's launching a new mission this summer designed to better understand air pollution and gather data that could allow pollutants to be monitored more exactly from space. The field study coined, \"Discover-AQ\", will take place over the Baltimore/DC region on select days in July. || ", "hits": 21 }, { "id": 10598, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10598/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-04-13T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "GloPac Science Flights — short video and video file", "description": "NASA pilots and flight engineers, together with colleagues from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), have successfully completed the first science flight of the Global Hawk aircraft over the Pacific Ocean. The Global Hawk is a robotic plane that can fly autonomously to altitudes above 60,000 feet (18.3 kilometers) — roughly twice as high as a commercial airliner — and as far as 11,000 nautical miles (20,000 kilometers) — half the circumference of Earth. GloPac researchers will directly measure and sample greenhouse gases, ozone-depleting substances, aerosols, and constituents of air quality in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. || ", "hits": 8 }, { "id": 10574, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10574/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-02-22T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Piecing Together the Temperature Puzzle", "description": "The decade from 2000 to 2009 was the warmest in the modern record. \"Piecing Together the Temperature Puzzle\" illustrates how NASA satellites enable us to study possible causes of climate change. The video explains what role fluctuations in the solar cycle, changes in snow and cloud cover, and rising levels of heat-trapping gases may play in contributing to climate change. For complete transcript, click here. || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres.01252_print.jpg (1024x576) [113.2 KB] || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres_web.png (320x180) [207.8 KB] || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres_thm.png (80x40) [16.9 KB] || Temperature_Puzzle_AppleTV.webmhd.webm (960x540) [83.9 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_fullres.mov (1280x720) [166.2 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_AppleTV.m4v (960x720) [211.4 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle__Youtube.mov (1280x720) [87.7 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_iPod_small.m4v (640x360) [67.9 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_iPod_large.m4v (320x180) [27.9 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_svs.mpg (512x288) [136.6 MB] || Temperature_Puzzle_portal.wmv (346x260) [38.8 MB] || ", "hits": 104 }, { "id": 3586, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3586/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-03-17T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "What Would have Happened to the Ozone Layer if Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) had not been Regulated?", "description": "Led by NASA Goddard scientist Paul Newman, a team of atmospheric chemists simulated 'what might have been' if chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and similar ozone-depleting chemicals were not banned through the Montreal Protocol. The comprehensive model — including atmospheric chemical effects, wind changes, and solar radiation changes — simulated what would happen to global concentrations of stratospheric ozone if CFCs were continually added to the atmosphere.The visualizations below present two cases, from several different viewing positions: the 'world avoided' case, where the rate of CFC emission into the atmosphere is assumed to be that of the period before regulation, and the 'projected' case, which assumes the current rate of emission, post-regulation. Both cases extrapolate to the year 2065. || ", "hits": 76 }, { "id": 10255, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10255/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2008-06-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Exploring Ozone", "description": "This short video combines dynamic ozone visualizations with an interview with leading atmospheric NASA scientist, Dr. Paul Newman. Dr. Newman explains why ozone is important, he cites the ingredients that cause an ozone hole to form, and he remarks on the future of the ozone, pointing to exciting new areas of ozone research, including the role climate change will play in future years. || ", "hits": 36 }, { "id": 3340, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3340/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2007-09-28T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Tropospheric Ozone Impacts Global Climate Warming - Arctic Dissolve", "description": "In the first global assessment of the impact of ozone on climate warming, scientists at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), New York, evaluated how ozone in the lowest part of the atmosphere (the troposphere) changed temperatures over the past 100 years. Using the best available estimates of global emissions of gases that create ozone, the GISS computer model study reveals how much this single air pollutant and greenhouse gas has contributed to warming in specific regions of the world.Ozone was responsible for one-third to half of the observed warming trend in the Arctic during winter and spring, according to the new research. Ozone is transported from the industrialized countries in the Northern Hemisphere to the Arctic quite efficiently during these seasons. The findings will be published soon in the American Geophysical Union's Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres.The impact of ozone air pollution on climate warming is difficult to pinpoint because, unlike other greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, ozone does not last long enough in the lower atmosphere to spread uniformly around the globe. Its warming impact is much more closely tied to the region it originated from. To capture this complex picture, the GISS scientists used a suite of three-dimensional computer models that starts with data on ozone sources and then tracks how ozone chemically evolved and moved around the world over the past century.The research was supported by NASA's Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. || ", "hits": 47 }, { "id": 3341, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3341/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2007-09-13T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Tropospheric Ozone Impacts Climate Warming - Antarctic Dissolve", "description": "In the first global assessment of the impact of ozone on climate warming, scientists at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), New York, evaluated how ozone in the lowest part of the atmosphere (the troposphere) changed temperatures over the past 100 years. Using the best available estimates of global emissions of gases that create ozone, the GISS computer model study reveals how much this single air pollutant and greenhouse gas has contributed to warming in specific regions of the world.Ozone was responsible for one-third to half of the observed warming trend in the Arctic during winter and spring, according to the new research. Ozone is transported from the industrialized countries in the Northern Hemisphere to the Arctic quite efficiently during these seasons. The findings will be published soon in the American Geophysical Union's Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres.The impact of ozone air pollution on climate warming is difficult to pinpoint because, unlike other greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, ozone does not last long enough in the lower atmosphere to spread uniformly around the globe. Its warming impact is much more closely tied to the region it originated from. To capture this complex picture, the GISS scientists used a suite of three-dimensional computer models that starts with data on ozone sources and then tracks how ozone chemically evolved and moved around the world over the past century.The research was supported by NASA's Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. || ", "hits": 25 }, { "id": 3256, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3256/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-10-26T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "The 2005 Antarctic Ozone Hole", "description": "A relatively warm Antarctic winter in 2005 kept the thinning of the protective ozone layer over Antarctica, known as the ozone 'hole,' slightly smaller than in 2004. The ozone hole is not technically a 'hole' where no ozone is present, but is actually a region of exceptionally depleted ozone in the stratosphere over the Antarctic that happens at the beginning of Southern Hemisphere spring (August-October). The average concentration of ozone in the atmosphere is about 300 Dobson Units; any area where the concentration drops below 220 Dobson Units is considered part of the ozone hole. Each year the 'hole' expands over Antarctica, sometimes reaching populated areas of South America and exposing them to ultraviolet rays normally absorbed by ozone. This data was acquired by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on NASA's Aura satellite, NASA's newest tool to study this annual phenonmenon. On September 15, 2005, ozone thinning over Antarctica reached its maximum extent for the year at 24.2 million square kilometers (9.4 million square miles). The largest maximum area on record was 29.2 million square kilometers, in 2000. || ", "hits": 42 }, { "id": 3337, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3337/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-02-28T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA Study Links 'Smog' to Arctic Warming", "description": "In the first global assessment of the impact of ozone on climate warming, scientists at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), New York, evaluated how ozone in the lowest part of the atmosphere (the troposphere) changed temperatures over the past 100 years. Using the best available estimates of global emissions of gases that create ozone, the GISS computer model study reveals how much this single air pollutant and greenhouse gas has contributed to warming in specific regions of the world.Ozone was responsible for one-third to half of the observed warming trend in the Arctic during winter and spring, according to the new research. Ozone is transported from the industrialized countries in the Northern Hemisphere to the Arctic quite efficiently during these seasons. The findings will be published soon in the American Geophysical Union's Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres.The impact of ozone air pollution on climate warming is difficult to pinpoint because, unlike other greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, ozone does not last long enough in the lower atmosphere to spread uniformly around the globe. Its warming impact is much more closely tied to the region it originated from. To capture this complex picture, the GISS scientists used a suite of three-dimensional computer models that starts with data on ozone sources and then tracks how ozone chemically evolved and moved around the world over the past century.The research was supported by NASA's Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 3338, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3338/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-02-28T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Tropospheric Ozone Impacts Global Climate Warming", "description": "In the first global assessment of the impact of ozone on climate warming, scientists at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), New York, evaluated how ozone in the lowest part of the atmosphere (the troposphere) changed temperatures over the past 100 years. Using the best available estimates of global emissions of gases that create ozone, the GISS computer model study reveals how much this single air pollutant and greenhouse gas has contributed to warming in specific regions of the world.Ozone was responsible for one-third to half of the observed warming trend in the Arctic during winter and spring, according to the new research. Ozone is transported from the industrialized countries in the Northern Hemisphere to the Arctic quite efficiently during these seasons. The findings will be published soon in the American Geophysical Union's Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres.The impact of ozone air pollution on climate warming is difficult to pinpoint because, unlike other greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, ozone does not last long enough in the lower atmosphere to spread uniformly around the globe. Its warming impact is much more closely tied to the region it originated from. To capture this complex picture, the GISS scientists used a suite of three-dimensional computer models that starts with data on ozone sources and then tracks how ozone chemically evolved and moved around the world over the past century.The research was supported by NASA's Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. || ", "hits": 25 }, { "id": 3339, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3339/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2006-02-28T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Tropospheric Ozone Impacts Global Climate Warming - Cartesian Dissolve", "description": "In the first global assessment of the impact of ozone on climate warming, scientists at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), New York, evaluated how ozone in the lowest part of the atmosphere (the troposphere) changed temperatures over the past 100 years. Using the best available estimates of global emissions of gases that create ozone, the GISS computer model study reveals how much this single air pollutant and greenhouse gas has contributed to warming in specific regions of the world.Ozone was responsible for one-third to half of the observed warming trend in the Arctic during winter and spring, according to the new research. Ozone is transported from the industrialized countries in the Northern Hemisphere to the Arctic quite efficiently during these seasons. The findings will be published soon in the American Geophysical Union's Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres.The impact of ozone air pollution on climate warming is difficult to pinpoint because, unlike other greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, ozone does not last long enough in the lower atmosphere to spread uniformly around the globe. Its warming impact is much more closely tied to the region it originated from. To capture this complex picture, the GISS scientists used a suite of three-dimensional computer models that starts with data on ozone sources and then tracks how ozone chemically evolved and moved around the world over the past century.The research was supported by NASA's Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. || ", "hits": 13 }, { "id": 3303, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3303/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-12-05T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Antarctic Ozone Hole in 2005", "description": "A relatively warm Antarctic winter in 2005 kept the thinning of the protective ozone layer over Antarctica, known as the 'ozone hole', slightly smaller than in 2004. The ozone hole is not technically a 'hole' where no ozone is present, but is actually a region of exceptionally depleted ozone in the stratosphere over the Antarctic that happens at the beginning of Southern Hemisphere spring (August-October). The average concentration of ozone in the atmosphere is about 300 Dobson Units; any area where the concentration drops below 220 Dobson Units is considered part of the ozone hole. Each year the 'hole' expands over Antarctica, sometimes reaching populated areas of South America and exposing them to ultraviolet rays normally absorbed by ozone. The data in these omages were acquired by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on NASA's Aura satellite. On September 11, 2005, ozone thinning over Antarctica reached its maximum extent for the year at 27 millions of square kilometers. On October 1, 2005 the minimum ozone value was recorded at 102 Dobson Units. || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 3264, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3264/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-10-30T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Smithsonian Exhibit: Antarctic Ozone Sequence 1979 through 2004", "description": "NASA has been monitoring the status of the ozone layer through satellite observations since the 1970s, beginning with the TOMS sensors on the Nimbus satellites. The latest-generation ozone-monitoring technology, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), is flying onboard NASA's Aura satellite. The ozone hole is not technically a 'hole' where no ozone is present, but is actually a region of exceptionally depleted ozone in the stratosphere over the Antarctic. The ozone hole begins to grow in August and reaches its largest area in depth in the middle of September to early October period. In the early years (before 1984) the hole was small because chlorine and bromine levels over Antarctica were low. Year-to-year variations in area and depth are caused by year-to-year variations in temperature. Colder conditions result in a larger area and lower ozone values in the center of the hole. This animation shows total ozone in the Antarctic region along with the maximum ozone depth and size since the earliest measurements of Earth Probe instrument on the TOMS satellite. This animation was created for an exhibit at the Smithsonium Museum. Data dropouts have been removed for the following times: 1998/12/14-31, 2002/08/03-11, 2003/11/28-2003/12/02. The minimum ozone recorded is 82.0 du on September 26, 2003. The maximum area of 29 million square kilometers (11.4 million square miles) occurred on September 9, 2000. || ", "hits": 46 }, { "id": 3136, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3136/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-07-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Antarctic Ozone Sequence 1996 through 2004", "description": "This animation shows total ozone in the Antarctic region along with the maximum ozone depth and size since the earliest measurements of the TOMS instrument on the Earth Probe satellite. This animation was created for an exhibit at the Smithsonium Museum. || ", "hits": 17 }, { "id": 3137, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3137/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-07-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Antarctic Ozone Sequence 1996 through 2004, Data Dropouts Removed", "description": "This animation shows total ozone in the Antarctic region along with the maximum ozone depth and size since the earliest measurements of Earth Probe instrument on the TOMS satellite. This animation was created for an exhibit at the Smithsonium Museum. Data dropouts have been removed for the following times: 1998/12/14-31, 2002/08/03-11, 2003/11/28-2003/12/02. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 3082, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3082/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-01-27T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Ozone from new Microwave Limb Sounder on Aura (WMS)", "description": "Ozone (O3) in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere as measured by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument on NASA's Aura satellite. MLS can simultaneously measure several trace gases and ozone-destroying chemicals in the upper troposphere and photosphere. In this series of animations we present chlorine monoxide (ClO), hydrogen chloride (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), ozone (O3), water vapor (H2O) and temperature measurements. These are 'first light' data taken when the MLS was operated for the first time. || ", "hits": 20 }, { "id": 3060, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3060/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-12-14T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Ozone", "description": "The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. Ozone that is present in the troposphere is mostly a result of anthropogenic pollution and therefore higher concentrations are found in urban areas. || ", "hits": 72 }, { "id": 3062, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3062/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-12-14T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "The Microwave Limb Sounder Observes the Lower Stratosphere and Upper Troposphere", "description": "MLS measures lower stratospheric temperature and concentrations of H2O, O3, ClO, BrO, HCl, OH, HO2, HNO3, HCN, and N2O, for their effects on (and diagnoses of) ozone depletion, transformations of greenhouse gases, and radiative forcing of climate change. || ", "hits": 81 }, { "id": 3066, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3066/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-12-13T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aura/OMI Ozone Hole from September 12, 2004 to November 15,2004", "description": "Data from NASA satellites establishes a 40 year record of stratospheric ozone measurements. The stratospheric ozone layer shields life on Earth from harmful solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Research shows that excess exposure to UV radiation causes skin cancer and eye problems and impacts plant growth. Global stratospheric ozone has decreased by 3 percent globally between 1980 and 2000 and has thinned by 50 percent over Antarctica in winter and spring. Depletion of the ozone layer allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface. This animation shows the ozone layer blocking harmful UV radiation from the Earth's surface. The hole in the ozone is seen in purple. || ", "hits": 40 }, { "id": 3067, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3067/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-12-13T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aura/OMI Ozone Hole from September 12, 2004 to November 15, 2004 with Polar Vortex Demarcation", "description": "Data from NASA satellites establishes a 40-year record of stratospheric ozone measurements. The stratospheric ozone layer shields life on Earth from harmful solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Research shows that excess exposure to UV radiation causes skin cancer and eye problems and impacts plant growth. Global stratospheric ozone has decreased by 3 percent globally between 1980 and 2000 and has thinned by 50 percent over Antarctica in winter and spring. Depletion of the ozone layer allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface.This animation shows the ozone layer blocking harmful UV radiation from the Earth's surface. The hole in the ozone is seen in purple. The location, size, and shape of the polar vortex is derived from potential vorticity data, PV. The PV, shown in white at 550 degrees Kelvin, is an atmospheric regional event that isolates polar air from the air at lower latitudes, producing conditions favorable for wintertime polar ozone depletion. The animation shows that most of the low-temperature and chemically-perturbed region is confined within the polar vortex during the Antarctic winter. || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 3068, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3068/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-12-12T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "AURA/OMI Tropospheric Ozone over South America", "description": "Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry. Many different organizations monitor regional areas of the troposphere, but Aura is the first to record daily global measurements. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 3069, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3069/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-12-12T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "AURA/OMI Tropospheric Ozone over South America and Africa", "description": "Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry and will monitor of air pollution around the world on a daily basis. Aura measures five of the six 'Criteria Pollutants' identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In this animation, Aura shows a large concentration of tropospheric ozone is being transported from South America to Africa. || ", "hits": 17 }, { "id": 3070, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3070/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-12-12T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "AURA/OMI Tropospheric Ozone over Indonesia", "description": "Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry and will monitor air pollution around the world on a daily basis. Aura measures five of the six 'Criteria Pollutants' identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. || ", "hits": 12 }, { "id": 3071, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3071/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-12-12T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "AURA/OMI Tropospheric Ozone On a Flat Map", "description": "Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry and will monitor of air pollution around the world on a daily basis. Aura measures five of the six 'Criteria Pollutants' identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The complexity of pollution transport makes it difficult to quantify how much industry contributes to poor local air quality. || ", "hits": 25 }, { "id": 3038, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3038/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-10-29T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "The 2004 Antarctic Ozone Hole", "description": "A relatively warm Antarctic winter in 2004 kept the thinning of the protective ozone layer over Antarctica, known as the ozone 'hole,' slightly smaller than in 2003. Each year the 'hole' expands over Antarctica, sometimes reaching populated areas of South America and exposing them to ultraviolet rays normally absorbed by ozone. Scientists have new tools to study this annual phenomenon, and the human-produced compounds that contribute to ozone breakdown are decreasing.On September 22, 2004, ozone thinning over Antarctica reached its maximum extent for the year at 24.2 million square kilometers (9.4 million square miles). The largest maximum area on record was 29.2 million square kilometers, in 2000. On October 5, 2004, the ozone layer reached a low value of 99 Dobson Units. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 2988, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2988/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-09-07T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: August 1, 2003 to November 27, 2003", "description": "The 2003 Antarctic ozone hole was the second largest ever observed, according to scientists from NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The Antarctic ozone 'hole' is defined as thinning of the ozone layer over the continent to levels significantly below pre-1979 levels. Ozone blocks harmful ultraviolet 'B' rays. Loss of stratospheric ozone has been linked to skin cancer in humans and other adverse biological effects on plants and animals. The size of the 2003 Antarctic ozone hole reached 10.9 million square miles on September 11, 2003, slightly larger than the North American continent, but smaller than the largest ever recorded, on September 10, 2000, when it covered 11.5 million square miles. This animation is an update to animation ID 2809 — this version includes about 2 additional months of data. || ", "hits": 17 }, { "id": 2989, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2989/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-09-07T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "The 2003 Antarctic Ozone Hole", "description": "TOMS provides dramatic visual evidence of the annual growth and decay of the Antarctic ozone hole. The ozone losses over Antarctica result from reactions with the products of man-made chlorine and bromine compounds. Because of the tilt of the Earth's axis, continuous darkness falls at the South Pole from March 21 to September 21. The dark region in the middle of the July 1 total ozone picture is polar night, where TOMS cannot make measurements. Ozone losses are in blue. Beginning in August, returning sunlight reaches the edges of Antarctica providing chlorine and bromine compounds with energy to rapidly destroy ozone. By mid September, the ozone loss peaks, creating an ozone hole over Antarctic. or more information see http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/2003/1208toms.html || ", "hits": 18 }, { "id": 2940, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2940/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-05-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "TOMS Ozone Holds Key to Ozone Trends", "description": "Chemicals and transport process have led to changes in the stratospheric ozone. Scientists need measurements of many different chemical species to puzzle out the observed changes. Aura data will improve our capability to predict ozone changes and help untangle the roles of transport and chemistry in determining ozone trends. This sequence starts with the actual size of our thin fragile part of our atmosphere that carries ozone. Then, the atmosphere is magnified. Inside, is a dynamic and active system of chemicals that moves ozone throughout our atmosphere. || ", "hits": 13 }, { "id": 2941, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2941/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-05-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "TOMS Ozone Holds Key to Ozone Trends (with Height Indicator)", "description": "Chemicals and transport process have led to changes in the stratospheric ozone. Scientists need measurements of many different chemical species to puzzle out the observed changes. Aura data will improve our capability to predict ozone changes and help untangle the roles of transport and chemistry in determining ozone trends. This sequence starts with the actual size of our thin fragile part of our atmosphere that carries ozone. Then, the atmosphere is magnified. Inside, is a dynamic and active system of chemicals that moves ozone throughout our atmosphere. || ", "hits": 17 }, { "id": 2942, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2942/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-05-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "TOMS Ozone Holds Key to Ozone Trends (with Dates)", "description": "Chemicals and transport process have led to changes in the stratospheric ozone. Scientists need measurements of many different chemical species to puzzle out the observed changes. Aura data will improve our capability to predict ozone changes and help untangle the roles of transport and chemistry in determining ozone trends. This sequence starts with the actual size of our thin fragile part of our atmosphere that carries ozone. Then, the atmosphere is magnified. Inside, is a dynamic and active system of chemicals that moves ozone throughout our atmosphere. || ", "hits": 14 }, { "id": 2903, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2903/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-02-12T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Ozone Measurements from 2000 through 2003 (WMS)", "description": "This visualization shows the total ozone concentrations for the Earth from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2003, as measured by theTOMS instrument on the Earth Probe satellite. Low ozone (less than 200 Dobson units) is depicted as regions of dark blue, with high ozone (greater that 330 Dobson units) depicted as yellow and red. The most visible and dynamic feature of the ozone distribution is the ozone hole that forms over Antarctica during September of each year. The amount of ozone in the stratosphere over Antarctica is reduced during this period due to unique atmospheric conditions which chemically reduce the amount of ozone in the region and prevent that ozone from mixing with the higher ozone concentrations just outside the hole. Ozone blocks harmful ultraviolet 'B' rays, and loss of statospheric ozone has been linked to skin cancer in humans and other adverse biological effects in plants and animals. This visualization explicitly shows the TOM ozone data coverage and does not interpolate data into regions of the Earth that the instrument did not observe. Since TOMS measures ozone by observing the characteristics of sunlight reflected from the Earth's surface, no measurements are available for the poles during the polar winter, i.e., around January for the North Pole and July for the South Pole. Also, there is an unobserved region between successive satellite orbits around the equator. Finally, the instrument has periods where technical issues make measurement impossible for a matter of hours or days. This visualization shows that the dynamics of the ozone layer remain visible despite these measurement issues. || ", "hits": 43 }, { "id": 2904, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2904/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-02-12T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Global Ozone from 2000 through 2003 (WMS)", "description": "This visualization shows the total ozone concentrations for the Earth from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2003. Low ozone (less than 200 Dobson units) is depicted as regions of dark blue, with high ozone (greater than 330 Dobson units) depicted as yellow and red. The most visible and dynamic feature of the ozone distribution is the ozone hole that forms over Antarctica during September of each year. The amount of ozone in the stratosphere over Antarctica is reduced during this period due to unique atmospheric conditions which chemically reduce the amount of ozone in the region and prevent that ozone from mixing with the higher ozone concentrations just outside the hole. Ozone blocks harmful ultraviolet 'B' rays, and loss of statospheric ozone has been linked to skin cancer in humans and other adverse biological effects in plants and animals. The 2000 Antarctic ozone hole reached 11.5 million square miles on September 10, 2000, the largest hole ever recorded, slightly larger than the North American continent. The 2002 ozone hole was much smaller than normal, dividing into two parts on September 24 before dissipating completely, while the 2003 hole was the second largest observed, reaching 10.9 million square miles on September 11. This data was measured by the TOMS instrument on the Earth Probe satellite. TOMS experienced some days during this period for which data was not measured due to instrument problems. || ", "hits": 47 }, { "id": 2855, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2855/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-11-10T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Maximum Ozone Hole Area for 2003", "description": "This still shows the maximum stratospheric ozone hole over the Antarctic for 2003. || Stratospheric Ozone for September 24, 2003. || still_hires_24Sept2003.jpg (2560x1920) [202.0 KB] || still_hires_24Sept2003_web.jpg (320x240) [6.6 KB] || still_hires_24Sept2003_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || still_hires_24Sept2003_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [52.2 KB] || still_hires_24Sept2003.tif (2560x1920) [5.0 MB] || ", "hits": 16 }, { "id": 20005, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20005/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2003-11-05T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Arctic Vortex", "description": "Arctic Vortex - During winter, stratospheric winds (uppermost atmosphere) tend to form a vortex around the North Pole. These polar clouds lead to chemical reactions that affect the chemical form of chlorine in the stratosphere. In certain chemical forms, chlorine can deplete the ozone layer. || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 2829, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2829/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-04-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Close to Maximum Ozone Hole Area for 2003", "description": "This still shows close to the maximum stratospheric ozone hole over the Antarctic for Sept 11, 2003. The actual maximum happened on Sep 24, 2003. || Stratospheric Ozone for September 11 2003 || still_hires_11Sept2003.jpg (2560x1920) [203.8 KB] || still_hires_11Sept2003_web.jpg (320x240) [6.7 KB] || still_hires_11Sept2003_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || still_hires_11Sept2003_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [52.3 KB] || still_hires_11Sept2003.tif (2560x1920) [4.8 MB] || ", "hits": 8 }, { "id": 2619, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2619/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-10T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Total Ozone Over Antarctica from TOMS: September 19, 1998 and October 1, 1998 (with color bar and dates)", "description": "Total ozone over Antarctica for September 19, 1998 and October 1, 1998 as measured by Earth Probe TOMS. Dark blue represents regions of low ozone and red represents regions of high ozone. || Stratospheric Ozone level for September 19, 1998. || hires_ozone980919.jpg (2560x1920) [234.9 KB] || hires_ozone980919_web.jpg (320x240) [7.7 KB] || hires_ozone980919_thm.png (80x40) [3.3 KB] || hires_ozone980919_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [56.3 KB] || hires_ozone980919.tif (2560x1920) [2.6 MB] || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 2620, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2620/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-10T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Total Ozone Over Antarctica from TOMS: October 3, 1999", "description": "Total ozone over Antarctica for October 3, 1999 as measured by Earth Probe TOMS. Dark blue represents regions of low ozone and red represents regions of high ozone. || Stratospheric Ozone levels for October 3, 1999. || hires_ozone_991003.jpg (2560x1920) [206.6 KB] || hires_ozone_991003_web.jpg (320x240) [9.6 KB] || hires_ozone_991003_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || hires_ozone_991003_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [52.0 KB] || hires_ozone_991003.tif (2560x1920) [1.5 MB] || ", "hits": 11 }, { "id": 2621, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2621/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-10T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "TOMS Ozone of the South Pole for the National Geographic Society", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for October 1, 1980. || ozone_1980_10_01.jpg (2560x1920) [201.6 KB] || ozone_1980_10_01_web.jpg (320x240) [9.3 KB] || ozone_1980_10_01_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || ozone_1980_10_01_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [51.6 KB] || ozone_1980_10_01.tif (2560x1920) [1.4 MB] || Stratospheric Ozone level for September 10, 2000. || ozone_2000_09_10.jpg (2560x1920) [195.3 KB] || ozone_2000_09_10_web.jpg (320x240) [9.1 KB] || ozone_2000_09_10.tif (2560x1920) [1.3 MB] || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 2597, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2597/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "TOMS Ozone at the South Pole: October Averages from 1979 through 2000", "description": "The year 2000's Antarctic ozone hole is the largest ever observed. Scientists continue to investigate the phenomenon, and are somewhat surprised by its scale. Using data from NASA's Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instrument onboard the Earth Probe satellite, researchers can evaluate and compare current conditions over the south pole to readings taken by other instruments in years past. Continued monitoring of polar ozone levels helps researchers gain a better understanding of how the planet's climate may be changing. The following animation shows how ozone loss at the south pole has grown since the mid-80s. Early readings over Antarctica indicate little or no ozone depletion beyond naturally predicted levels. But as the 80s and 90s progress, a clear change in atmospheric chemistry takes place at the bottom of the world. The hole starts small in the late 80s and spreads as subsequent winter cycles break apart ozone molecules. || ", "hits": 12 }, { "id": 2598, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2598/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minimum Measured Ozone Level in 1979", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for September 17, 1979. || ozone_min_1979_09_17.jpg (2560x1920) [190.0 KB] || ozone_min_1979_09_17_web.jpg (320x240) [8.1 KB] || ozone_min_1979_09_17_thm.png (80x40) [2.9 KB] || ozone_min_1979_09_17_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [46.5 KB] || ozone_min_1979_09_17.tif (2560x1920) [1.1 MB] || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 2599, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2599/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minimum Measured Ozone Level in 1980", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for October 15, 1980. || ozone_min_1980_10_15.jpg (2560x1920) [213.8 KB] || ozone_min_1980_10_15_web.jpg (320x240) [10.0 KB] || ozone_min_1980_10_15_thm.png (80x40) [3.2 KB] || ozone_min_1980_10_15_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [53.6 KB] || ozone_min_1980_10_15.tif (2560x1920) [1.5 MB] || ", "hits": 21 }, { "id": 2600, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2600/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minimum Measured Ozone Level in 1981", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for October 10, 1981. || ozone_min_1981_10_10.jpg (2560x1920) [210.4 KB] || ozone_min_1981_10_10_web.jpg (320x240) [9.7 KB] || ozone_min_1981_10_10_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || ozone_min_1981_10_10_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [53.1 KB] || ozone_min_1981_10_10.tif (2560x1920) [1.5 MB] || ", "hits": 11 }, { "id": 2601, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2601/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minimum Measured Ozone Level in 1982", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for September 25, 1982. || ozone_min_1982_09_25.jpg (2560x1920) [216.1 KB] || ozone_min_1982_09_25_web.jpg (320x240) [9.9 KB] || ozone_min_1982_09_25_thm.png (80x40) [3.2 KB] || ozone_min_1982_09_25_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [53.2 KB] || ozone_min_1982_09_25.tif (2560x1920) [1.4 MB] || ", "hits": 13 }, { "id": 2602, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2602/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minimum Measured Ozone Level in 1983", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for October 18, 1983. || ozone_min_1983_10_18.jpg (2560x1920) [207.7 KB] || ozone_min_1983_10_18_web.jpg (320x240) [9.5 KB] || ozone_min_1983_10_18_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || ozone_min_1983_10_18_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [52.1 KB] || ozone_min_1983_10_18.tif (2560x1920) [1.4 MB] || ", "hits": 12 }, { "id": 2603, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2603/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minimum Measured Ozone Level in 1984", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for October 31, 1984. || ozone_min_1984_10_31.jpg (2560x1920) [214.8 KB] || ozone_min_1984_10_31_web.jpg (320x240) [9.6 KB] || ozone_min_1984_10_31_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || ozone_min_1984_10_31_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [52.3 KB] || ozone_min_1984_10_31.tif (2560x1920) [1.5 MB] || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 2604, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2604/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minimum Measured Ozone Level in 1985", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for October 24, 1985. || ozone_min_1985_10_24.jpg (2560x1920) [202.9 KB] || ozone_min_1985_10_24_web.jpg (320x240) [9.4 KB] || ozone_min_1985_10_24_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || ozone_min_1985_10_24_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [51.7 KB] || ozone_min_1985_10_24.tif (2560x1920) [1.4 MB] || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 2605, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2605/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minimum Measured Ozone Level in 1986", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for October 7, 1986. || ozone_min_1986_10_07.jpg (2560x1920) [207.5 KB] || ozone_min_1986_10_07_web.jpg (320x240) [9.4 KB] || ozone_min_1986_10_07_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || ozone_min_1986_10_07_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [52.2 KB] || ozone_min_1986_10_07.tif (2560x1920) [1.4 MB] || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 2606, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2606/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minimum Measured Ozone Level in 1987", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for October 5, 1987. || ozone_min_1987_10_05.jpg (2560x1920) [202.3 KB] || ozone_min_1987_10_05_web.jpg (320x240) [9.4 KB] || ozone_min_1987_10_05_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || ozone_min_1987_10_05_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [51.4 KB] || ozone_min_1987_10_05.tif (2560x1920) [1.4 MB] || ", "hits": 16 }, { "id": 2607, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2607/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minimum Measured Ozone Level in 1988", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for September 19, 1988. || ozone_min_1988_09_19.jpg (2560x1920) [214.5 KB] || ozone_min_1988_09_19_web.jpg (320x240) [9.8 KB] || ozone_min_1988_09_19_thm.png (80x40) [3.2 KB] || ozone_min_1988_09_19_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [52.7 KB] || ozone_min_1988_09_19.tif (2560x1920) [1.5 MB] || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 2608, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2608/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minimum Measured Ozone Level in 1989", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for October 7, 1989. || ozone_min_1989_10_07.jpg (2560x1920) [201.7 KB] || ozone_min_1989_10_07_web.jpg (320x240) [9.2 KB] || ozone_min_1989_10_07_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || ozone_min_1989_10_07_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [51.5 KB] || ozone_min_1989_10_07.tif (2560x1920) [1.4 MB] || ", "hits": 18 }, { "id": 2609, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2609/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minimum Measured Ozone Level in 1990", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for October 4, 1990. || ozone_min_1990_10_04.jpg (2560x1920) [202.3 KB] || ozone_min_1990_10_04_web.jpg (320x240) [9.5 KB] || ozone_min_1990_10_04_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || ozone_min_1990_10_04_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [51.9 KB] || ozone_min_1990_10_04.tif (2560x1920) [1.5 MB] || ", "hits": 16 }, { "id": 2610, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2610/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minimum Measured Ozone Level in 1991", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for October 5, 1991. || ozone_min_1991_10_05.jpg (2560x1920) [212.2 KB] || ozone_min_1991_10_05_web.jpg (320x240) [9.8 KB] || ozone_min_1991_10_05_thm.png (80x40) [3.2 KB] || ozone_min_1991_10_05_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [51.5 KB] || ozone_min_1991_10_05.tif (2560x1920) [1.5 MB] || ", "hits": 15 }, { "id": 2611, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2611/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minimum Measured Ozone Level in 1992", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for October 10, 1992. || ozone_min_1992_10_10.jpg (2560x1920) [209.8 KB] || ozone_min_1992_10_10_web.jpg (320x240) [9.8 KB] || ozone_min_1992_10_10_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || ozone_min_1992_10_10_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [52.7 KB] || ozone_min_1992_10_10.tif (2560x1920) [1.4 MB] || ", "hits": 14 }, { "id": 2612, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2612/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minimum Measured Ozone Level in 1994", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for September 28, 1994. || ozone_min_1994_09_28.jpg (2560x1920) [199.5 KB] || ozone_min_1994_09_28_web.jpg (320x240) [9.4 KB] || ozone_min_1994_09_28_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || ozone_min_1994_09_28_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [51.8 KB] || ozone_min_1994_09_28.tif (2560x1920) [1.4 MB] || ", "hits": 7 }, { "id": 2613, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2613/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minimum Measured Ozone Level in 1996", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for October 5, 1996. || ozone_min_1996_10_05.jpg (2560x1920) [203.8 KB] || ozone_min_1996_10_05_web.jpg (320x240) [9.6 KB] || ozone_min_1996_10_05_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || ozone_min_1996_10_05_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [52.9 KB] || ozone_min_1996_10_05.tif (2560x1920) [1.4 MB] || ", "hits": 13 }, { "id": 2614, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2614/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2002-10-09T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Minimum Measured Ozone Level in 1997", "description": "Stratospheric Ozone level for September 24, 1997. || ozone_min_1997_09_24.jpg (2560x1920) [205.8 KB] || ozone_min_1997_09_24_web.jpg (320x240) [9.7 KB] || ozone_min_1997_09_24_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || ozone_min_1997_09_24_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [53.2 KB] || ozone_min_1997_09_24.tif (2560x1920) [1.4 MB] || ", "hits": 6 } ] }