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    "results": [
        {
            "id": 3947,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3947/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-07-08T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Watching the Earth Breathe: <br>An Animation of Seasonal Vegetation and its effect on Earth's Global Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide",
            "description": "In this animation, NASA instruments show the seasonal cycle of vegetation and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The animation begins on January 1, when the northern hemisphere is in winter and the southern hemisphere is in summer. At this time of year, the bulk of living vegetation, shown in green, hovers around the equator and below it, in the southern hemisphere.As the animation plays forward through mid-April, the concentration of carbon dioxide, shown in orange-yellow, in the middle part of Earth's lowest atmospheric layer, the troposphere, increases and spreads throughout the northern hemisphere, reaching a maximum around May. This blooming effect of carbon dioxide follows the seasonal changes that occur in northern latitude ecosystems, in which deciduous trees lose their leaves, resulting in a net release of carbon dioxide through a process called respiration. Carbon dioxide is also released in early spring as soils begin to warm. Almost 10 percent of atmospheric carbon dioxide passes through soils each year.After April, the northern hemisphere moves into late spring and summer and plants begin to grow, reaching a peak in the late summer. The process of plant photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the air. The animation shows how carbon dioxide is scrubbed out of the atmosphere by the large volume of new and growing vegetation. Following the peak in vegetation, the drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide due to photosynthesis becomes apparent, particularly over the boreal forests.Note that there is roughly a three-month lag between the state of vegetation at Earth's surface and its effect on carbon dioxide in the middle troposphere.Data like these give scientists a new opportunity to better understand the relationships between carbon dioxide in Earth's middle troposphere and the seasonal cycle of vegetation near the surface.Creating the AnimationThis animation was created with data taken from two NASA spaceborne instruments. The concentration of carbon dioxide data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), a weather and climate instrument that flies aboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft, is overlain on measurements of vegetation index from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, also on NASA's Aqua spacecraft, to better understand how photosynthesis and respiration influences the atmospheric carbon dioxide cycle over the globe. The animation runs from January through December and repeats. The AIRS tropospheric carbon dioxide seasonal cycle values were made by averaging AIRS data collected between 2003 and 2010, from which the annual carbon dioxide growth trend of 2 parts per million per year has been removed. For example, the data used for January 1 is actually an average of eight years of AIRS carbon dioxide data taken each year on January 1. The vegetation values were made using data averaged over a four-year period, from 2003 to 2006.Further DetailAIRS uses infrared technology to determine the concentration of atmospheric water vapor and several important trace gases as well as information about temperature and clouds. AIRS orbits Earth from pole-to-pole at an altitude of 438 miles (705 kilometers), measuring Earth's infrared spectrum in 3,278 channels spanning a wavelength range from 3.74 microns to 15.4 microns. Originally designed to improve weather forecasts, AIRS has improved operational five-day weather forecasts more than any other single instrument over the past decade. AIRS has also been found to be sensitive to atmospheric carbon dioxide in the middle troposphere, at an altitude of 5 to 10 kilometers or 3 to 6 miles. AIRS is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., under contract to NASA. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. For further information, access the AIRS projectThe MODIS instrument is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. For further information, access the MODIS project. || ",
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        },
        {
            "id": 3812,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3812/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-04-01T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Arctic Carbon Dioxide",
            "description": "The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, AIRS, was launched aboard the Aqua Spacecraft in 2002 as part of NASA's Earth Observing System Afternoon Constellation of satellites known as the 'A-Train. The most important trace gas retrieved by AIRS for the study of anthropogenic effects on climate is carbon dioxide. AIRS CO2 retrievals use an analytical method for the determination of carbon dioxide and other minor gases in the troposphere from AIRS spectra. AIRS has provided the first satellite retrieval of mid-tropospheric CO2 under cloudy conditions, without the use of a priori information from models. AIRS retrievals use cloud-cleared thermal IR radiance spectra in the 15 micron band with an accuracy better than 2 ppm, making it ideal for mapping the distribution and transport of carbon dioxide levels in the free troposphere. || ",
            "hits": 39
        },
        {
            "id": 3082,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3082/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-01-27T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Ozone from new Microwave Limb Sounder on Aura (WMS)",
            "description": "Ozone (O3) in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere as measured by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument on NASA's Aura satellite. MLS can simultaneously measure several trace gases and ozone-destroying chemicals in the upper troposphere and photosphere. In this series of animations we present chlorine monoxide (ClO), hydrogen chloride (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), ozone (O3), water vapor (H2O) and temperature measurements. These are 'first light' data taken when the MLS was operated for the first time. || ",
            "hits": 18
        },
        {
            "id": 3066,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3066/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-12-13T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Aura/OMI Ozone Hole from September 12, 2004 to November 15,2004",
            "description": "Data from NASA satellites establishes a 40 year record of stratospheric ozone measurements.   The stratospheric ozone layer shields life on Earth from harmful solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Research shows that excess exposure to UV radiation causes skin cancer and eye problems and impacts plant growth. Global stratospheric ozone has decreased by 3 percent globally between 1980 and 2000 and has thinned by 50 percent over Antarctica in winter and spring. Depletion of the ozone layer allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface. This animation shows the ozone layer blocking harmful UV radiation from the Earth's surface. The hole in the ozone is seen in purple. || ",
            "hits": 29
        },
        {
            "id": 3067,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3067/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-12-13T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Aura/OMI Ozone Hole from September 12, 2004 to November 15, 2004 with Polar Vortex Demarcation",
            "description": "Data from NASA satellites establishes a 40-year record of stratospheric ozone measurements. The stratospheric ozone layer shields life on Earth from harmful solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Research shows that excess exposure to UV radiation causes skin cancer and eye problems and impacts plant growth. Global stratospheric ozone has decreased by 3 percent globally between 1980 and 2000 and has thinned by 50 percent over Antarctica in winter and spring. Depletion of the ozone layer allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface.This animation shows the ozone layer blocking harmful UV radiation from the Earth's surface. The hole in the ozone is seen in purple. The location, size, and shape of the polar vortex is derived from potential vorticity data, PV. The PV, shown in white at 550 degrees Kelvin, is an atmospheric regional event that isolates polar air from the air at lower latitudes, producing conditions favorable for wintertime polar ozone depletion. The animation shows that most of the low-temperature and chemically-perturbed region is confined within the polar vortex during the Antarctic winter. || ",
            "hits": 26
        },
        {
            "id": 3068,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3068/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-12-12T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "AURA/OMI Tropospheric Ozone over South America",
            "description": "Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry.  Many different organizations monitor regional areas of the troposphere, but Aura is the first to record daily global measurements. || ",
            "hits": 8
        },
        {
            "id": 3069,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3069/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-12-12T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "AURA/OMI Tropospheric Ozone over South America and Africa",
            "description": "Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry and will monitor of air pollution around the world on a daily basis. Aura measures five of the six 'Criteria Pollutants' identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  In this animation,  Aura shows a large concentration of tropospheric ozone is being transported from South America to Africa. || ",
            "hits": 10
        },
        {
            "id": 3070,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3070/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-12-12T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "AURA/OMI Tropospheric Ozone over Indonesia",
            "description": "Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry and will monitor air pollution around the world on a daily basis. Aura measures five of the six 'Criteria Pollutants' identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. || ",
            "hits": 13
        },
        {
            "id": 3071,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3071/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-12-12T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "AURA/OMI Tropospheric Ozone On a Flat Map",
            "description": "Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry and will monitor of air pollution around the world on a daily basis. Aura measures five of the six 'Criteria Pollutants' identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The complexity of pollution transport makes it difficult to quantify how much industry contributes to poor local air quality. || ",
            "hits": 19
        },
        {
            "id": 2973,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2973/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-08-19T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Alaska Fire Particles Traverse Parts of Canada and the United States (June 29, 2004, through July 19, 2004)",
            "description": "Aerosols created by fires in Alaska and Canada waft over the United States.  These images from the TOMS instrument show levels of the absorbing aerosol particles (airborne microscopic dust/smoke).  More information on the TOMS instrument can be viewed at http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html. || ",
            "hits": 15
        },
        {
            "id": 2967,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2967/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-07-02T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "TOMS sees continental effects of 2004 Alaskan Fires",
            "description": "Wildfires started by lightning burned more than 80,000 acres in Alaska in June 2004.  The effects of these fires can be seen across North America with the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instrument on the Earth Probes spacecraft.  TOMS detects the presence of UV-absorbing tropospheric aerosols across the globe. || ",
            "hits": 16
        },
        {
            "id": 2948,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2948/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-05-17T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Simulated Aura/OMI Data Collection",
            "description": "On June 19, 2004, NASA launches Aura, a next generation Earth-observing satellite. One of several instruments on the Aura satellite is the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). OMI is a contribution of the Netherland's Agency for Aerospace Programs (NIVR) along with the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI). OMI will continue the TOMS record for total ozone and other atmospheric parameters related to ozone chemistry and climate. (For more information on the Aura project, please visit http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/)Note: The size of the satellite model in the following animation and stills has been exaggerated for aesthetic purposes. || ",
            "hits": 37
        }
    ]
}