{ "count": 14, "next": null, "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 13752, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13752/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2020-10-30T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "2020 Weather Patterns Push Antarctic Ozone Hole to 12th Largest on Record", "description": "A cold and stable Antarctic vortex supported the development of the 12th largest ozone hole on record in 2020. The hole reached its peak extent on September 20th at 24.8 million square kilometers. || ", "hits": 89 }, { "id": 13349, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13349/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2019-10-21T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Unusual Winds Drive a Small 2019 Ozone Hole", "description": "Every year, NASA and NOAA track the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica as it grows to its annual winter maximum. This year, the hole was smaller than expected, due to an unusual weather pattern in the stratosphere. || ", "hits": 86 }, { "id": 11781, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11781/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-05-06T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Big Ozone Holes Headed For Extinction By 2040", "description": "The next three decades will see an end of the era of big ozone holes. In a new study, scientists from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than 8 million square miles by the year 2040.Ozone-depleting chemicals in the atmosphere cause an ozone hole to form over Antarctica during the winter months in the Southern Hemisphere. Since the Montreal Protocol agreement in 1987, emissions have been regulated and chemical levels have been declining. However, the ozone hole has still remained bigger than 8 million square miles since the early 1990s, with exact sizes varying from year to year.The size of the ozone hole varies due to both temperature and levels of ozone-depleting chemicals in the atmosphere. In order to get a more accurate picture of the future size of the ozone hole, scientists used NASA’s AURA satellite to determine how much the levels of these chemicals in the atmosphere varied each year. With this new knowledge, scientists can confidently say that the ozone hole will be consistently smaller than 8 million square miles by the year 2040. Scientists will continue to use satellites to monitor the recovery of the ozone hole and they hope to see its full recovery before the end of the century.Research: Inorganic chlorine variability in the Antarctic vortex and implications for ozone recovery.Journal: Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, December 18, 2014.Link to paper: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JD022295/abstract.Here is the YouTube video. || ", "hits": 115 }, { "id": 4160, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4160/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-04-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Stratospheric Ozone Intrusion", "description": "Events called stratospheric ozone intrusions occur most often in spring and early summer, and can raise ground-level ozone concentrations in some areas to potentially unhealthy levels.This visualization shows one such event that occurred on April 6, 2012. On that day, a fast-moving area of low pressure moved northeast across states in the Western U.S., clipping western and northern Colorado. Ozone-rich stratospheric air descended, folding into tropospheric air near the ground. Winds took hold of the air mass and pushed it in all directions, bringing stratospheric ozone to the ground in Colorado and along the Northern Front Range.Atmospheric scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., set out to see if the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5) Chemistry-Climate Model could replicate stratospheric ozone intrusions at 25-kilometer (16-mile) resolution. High-resolution models are possible due to computing power now capable of simulating the chemistry and movement of gasses and pollutants around the atmosphere and calculating their interactions.They show that indeed, the model could replicate small-scale features, including finger-like filaments, within the apron of ozone-rich stratospheric air that descended over Colorado on April 6, 2012. || ", "hits": 88 }, { "id": 3038, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3038/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-10-29T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "The 2004 Antarctic Ozone Hole", "description": "A relatively warm Antarctic winter in 2004 kept the thinning of the protective ozone layer over Antarctica, known as the ozone 'hole,' slightly smaller than in 2003. Each year the 'hole' expands over Antarctica, sometimes reaching populated areas of South America and exposing them to ultraviolet rays normally absorbed by ozone. Scientists have new tools to study this annual phenomenon, and the human-produced compounds that contribute to ozone breakdown are decreasing.On September 22, 2004, ozone thinning over Antarctica reached its maximum extent for the year at 24.2 million square kilometers (9.4 million square miles). The largest maximum area on record was 29.2 million square kilometers, in 2000. On October 5, 2004, the ozone layer reached a low value of 99 Dobson Units. || ", "hits": 50 }, { "id": 2988, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2988/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-09-07T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: August 1, 2003 to November 27, 2003", "description": "The 2003 Antarctic ozone hole was the second largest ever observed, according to scientists from NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The Antarctic ozone 'hole' is defined as thinning of the ozone layer over the continent to levels significantly below pre-1979 levels. Ozone blocks harmful ultraviolet 'B' rays. Loss of stratospheric ozone has been linked to skin cancer in humans and other adverse biological effects on plants and animals. The size of the 2003 Antarctic ozone hole reached 10.9 million square miles on September 11, 2003, slightly larger than the North American continent, but smaller than the largest ever recorded, on September 10, 2000, when it covered 11.5 million square miles. This animation is an update to animation ID 2809 — this version includes about 2 additional months of data. || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 2989, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2989/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-09-07T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "The 2003 Antarctic Ozone Hole", "description": "TOMS provides dramatic visual evidence of the annual growth and decay of the Antarctic ozone hole. The ozone losses over Antarctica result from reactions with the products of man-made chlorine and bromine compounds. Because of the tilt of the Earth's axis, continuous darkness falls at the South Pole from March 21 to September 21. The dark region in the middle of the July 1 total ozone picture is polar night, where TOMS cannot make measurements. Ozone losses are in blue. Beginning in August, returning sunlight reaches the edges of Antarctica providing chlorine and bromine compounds with energy to rapidly destroy ozone. By mid September, the ozone loss peaks, creating an ozone hole over Antarctic. or more information see http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/2003/1208toms.html || ", "hits": 99 }, { "id": 2980, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2980/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-09-03T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ground Level UV Exposure", "description": "A large ozone hole means more ultraviolet exposure. TOMS tracks solar ultraviolet (UV-B radiation) measured at 290-320 nanometer wavelengths. Loss of stratospheric ozone has been linked to skin cancer in humans. Increased UV-B exposures for Southern continents can seriously impact phytoplankton and other species. Red is for high UV exposure and blue is for low UV exposure. || ", "hits": 30 }, { "id": 2940, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2940/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-05-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "TOMS Ozone Holds Key to Ozone Trends", "description": "Chemicals and transport process have led to changes in the stratospheric ozone. Scientists need measurements of many different chemical species to puzzle out the observed changes. Aura data will improve our capability to predict ozone changes and help untangle the roles of transport and chemistry in determining ozone trends. This sequence starts with the actual size of our thin fragile part of our atmosphere that carries ozone. Then, the atmosphere is magnified. Inside, is a dynamic and active system of chemicals that moves ozone throughout our atmosphere. || ", "hits": 18 }, { "id": 2941, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2941/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-05-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "TOMS Ozone Holds Key to Ozone Trends (with Height Indicator)", "description": "Chemicals and transport process have led to changes in the stratospheric ozone. Scientists need measurements of many different chemical species to puzzle out the observed changes. Aura data will improve our capability to predict ozone changes and help untangle the roles of transport and chemistry in determining ozone trends. This sequence starts with the actual size of our thin fragile part of our atmosphere that carries ozone. Then, the atmosphere is magnified. Inside, is a dynamic and active system of chemicals that moves ozone throughout our atmosphere. || ", "hits": 23 }, { "id": 2942, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2942/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-05-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "TOMS Ozone Holds Key to Ozone Trends (with Dates)", "description": "Chemicals and transport process have led to changes in the stratospheric ozone. Scientists need measurements of many different chemical species to puzzle out the observed changes. Aura data will improve our capability to predict ozone changes and help untangle the roles of transport and chemistry in determining ozone trends. This sequence starts with the actual size of our thin fragile part of our atmosphere that carries ozone. Then, the atmosphere is magnified. Inside, is a dynamic and active system of chemicals that moves ozone throughout our atmosphere. || ", "hits": 18 }, { "id": 2903, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2903/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-02-12T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Ozone Measurements from 2000 through 2003 (WMS)", "description": "This visualization shows the total ozone concentrations for the Earth from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2003, as measured by theTOMS instrument on the Earth Probe satellite. Low ozone (less than 200 Dobson units) is depicted as regions of dark blue, with high ozone (greater that 330 Dobson units) depicted as yellow and red. The most visible and dynamic feature of the ozone distribution is the ozone hole that forms over Antarctica during September of each year. The amount of ozone in the stratosphere over Antarctica is reduced during this period due to unique atmospheric conditions which chemically reduce the amount of ozone in the region and prevent that ozone from mixing with the higher ozone concentrations just outside the hole. Ozone blocks harmful ultraviolet 'B' rays, and loss of statospheric ozone has been linked to skin cancer in humans and other adverse biological effects in plants and animals. This visualization explicitly shows the TOM ozone data coverage and does not interpolate data into regions of the Earth that the instrument did not observe. Since TOMS measures ozone by observing the characteristics of sunlight reflected from the Earth's surface, no measurements are available for the poles during the polar winter, i.e., around January for the North Pole and July for the South Pole. Also, there is an unobserved region between successive satellite orbits around the equator. Finally, the instrument has periods where technical issues make measurement impossible for a matter of hours or days. This visualization shows that the dynamics of the ozone layer remain visible despite these measurement issues. || ", "hits": 16 }, { "id": 2904, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2904/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2004-02-12T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Global Ozone from 2000 through 2003 (WMS)", "description": "This visualization shows the total ozone concentrations for the Earth from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2003. Low ozone (less than 200 Dobson units) is depicted as regions of dark blue, with high ozone (greater than 330 Dobson units) depicted as yellow and red. The most visible and dynamic feature of the ozone distribution is the ozone hole that forms over Antarctica during September of each year. The amount of ozone in the stratosphere over Antarctica is reduced during this period due to unique atmospheric conditions which chemically reduce the amount of ozone in the region and prevent that ozone from mixing with the higher ozone concentrations just outside the hole. Ozone blocks harmful ultraviolet 'B' rays, and loss of statospheric ozone has been linked to skin cancer in humans and other adverse biological effects in plants and animals. The 2000 Antarctic ozone hole reached 11.5 million square miles on September 10, 2000, the largest hole ever recorded, slightly larger than the North American continent. The 2002 ozone hole was much smaller than normal, dividing into two parts on September 24 before dissipating completely, while the 2003 hole was the second largest observed, reaching 10.9 million square miles on September 11. This data was measured by the TOMS instrument on the Earth Probe satellite. TOMS experienced some days during this period for which data was not measured due to instrument problems. || ", "hits": 37 }, { "id": 2855, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2855/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2003-11-10T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Maximum Ozone Hole Area for 2003", "description": "This still shows the maximum stratospheric ozone hole over the Antarctic for 2003. || Stratospheric Ozone for September 24, 2003. || still_hires_24Sept2003.jpg (2560x1920) [202.0 KB] || still_hires_24Sept2003_web.jpg (320x240) [6.6 KB] || still_hires_24Sept2003_thm.png (80x40) [3.1 KB] || still_hires_24Sept2003_web_searchweb.jpg (320x180) [52.2 KB] || still_hires_24Sept2003.tif (2560x1920) [5.0 MB] || ", "hits": 11 } ] }