{ "count": 243, "next": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/api/search/?keywords=Spectral%2FEngineering&limit=100&offset=100", "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 14956, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14956/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2026-01-26T16:00:00-05:00", "title": "Space Weather Effects Animations", "description": "Solar flares, coronal mass ejections, solar particle events, and the solar wind form the recipe for space weather that affects life on Earth and astronauts in space. A farmer stops their planting operations due to poor GPS signal for their autonomous tractor. A power grid manager changes the configuration of their network to ensure a blackout doesn’t occur due to voltage instability. A pilot switches to back-up communication equipment due to loss of high-frequency radio. A commercial internet company providing service to the military must change the orbit of their spacecraft to avoid a collision due to increased atmospheric drag.These are a few examples of the ways the Sun influences our everyday lives. This is what we define as space weather – the conditions of the space environment driven by the Sun and it’s impacts on objects in the solar system. Learn more about space weather: https://science.nasa.gov/space-weather-2/ || ", "hits": 508 }, { "id": 14930, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14930/", "result_type": "Infographic", "release_date": "2025-12-18T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA’s Fermi Spots Young Star Cluster Blowing Gamma-Ray Bubbles", "description": "Artist's concepts and images of Westerlund 1 and its budding gamma-ray-emitting outflow. Includes a multiwavelength reel", "hits": 301 }, { "id": 14779, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14779/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2025-02-11T09:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA's Illuminate Series (2025)", "description": "NASA's Illuminate is a video series about out-of-this-world images that shine light on our Sun and solar system. || ", "hits": 213 }, { "id": 5373, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5373/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2024-09-03T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "PREFIRE First Light", "description": "Visualization emphasizing two passes of PREFIRE over Greenland. Information about the rates of atmospheric emission can be derived from the change in emission at the intersection of the passes. || prefire_first_light_FINAL_2160p30.00450_print.jpg (1024x576) [224.8 KB] || prefire_first_light_FINAL_2160p30.00450_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || prefire_first_light_FINAL_2160p30.00450_searchweb.png (320x180) [78.7 KB] || prefire_first_light_FINAL [0 Item(s)] || prefire_first_light_FINAL_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [47.2 MB] || prefire_first_light_FINAL_4K [0 Item(s)] || prefire_first_light_FINAL_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [133.7 MB] || prefire_first_light_FINAL_2160p30.mp4.hwshow [199 bytes] || ", "hits": 88 }, { "id": 13288, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13288/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2023-10-14T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "Study Total Solar Eclipses With Ham Radio", "description": "Music credit: “Make a Change” by Eric Chevalier [SACEM] from Universal Production Music.Complete transcript available. || HamSCI_Thumbnail.jpg (1280x720) [448.6 KB] || HamSCI_Thumbnail_print.jpg (1024x576) [358.9 KB] || HamSCI_Thumbnail_searchweb.png (320x180) [71.1 KB] || HamSCI_Thumbnail_web.png (320x180) [71.1 KB] || HamSCI_Thumbnail_thm.png (80x40) [6.2 KB] || HamSCI_Video_2024.webm (1920x1080) [12.0 MB] || HamSCI_Video_2024.mp4 (1920x1080) [194.9 MB] || HAMSCI.en_US.srt [2.2 KB] || HAMSCI.en_US.vtt [2.1 KB] || ", "hits": 72 }, { "id": 5112, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5112/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2023-07-12T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Landsat Next Planned Orbits and Swath Coverage (version 2)", "description": "Lansdat Next trio of satellites orbiting and revealing data. It takes Landsat Next 6 days to get full coverage of the earth (aside from areas near the poles). This visualization shows two full cycles of coverage. || landsat_next.048.02000_print.jpg (1024x576) [68.5 KB] || landsat_next.048.02000_searchweb.png (320x180) [38.0 KB] || landsat_next.048.02000_thm.png (80x40) [3.6 KB] || landsat_next.048_1080p59.94.mp4 (1920x1080) [29.2 MB] || landsat_next.048_2160p59.94.mp4 (3840x2160) [84.5 MB] || landsat_next_hyperwall_preview.mp4 (2400x810) [35.4 MB] || landsat_next (3840x2160) [256.0 KB] || landsat_next (9600x3240) [256.0 KB] || ", "hits": 84 }, { "id": 5003, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5003/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-12-21T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Landsat Next Planned Orbits and Swath Coverage", "description": "Landsat Next observatories viewed from near the equator || landsat_next_equatorialView_withElapsed.01968_print.jpg (1024x576) [51.0 KB] || landsat_next_equatorialView_withElapsed_1080p59.94.mp4 (1920x1080) [17.0 MB] || landsat_next_equatorialView_withoutDates_1080p59.94.mp4 (1920x1080) [14.0 MB] || landsat_next_equatorialView_withoutDates_1080p59.94.webm (1920x1080) [6.2 MB] || landsat_next_equatorialView_withElapsed_1080p59.94.webm (1920x1080) [6.8 MB] || landsat_next_equatorialView_withoutDates_2160p59.94.mp4 (3840x2160) [39.1 MB] || landsat_next_equatorialView_withElapsed_2160p59.94.mp4 (3840x2160) [53.4 MB] || without_dates (3840x2160) [256.0 KB] || with_elapsed (3840x2160) [256.0 KB] || ", "hits": 86 }, { "id": 14148, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14148/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2022-05-05T12:45:00-04:00", "title": "Magnetic Flip Drives Flare-Up of Monster Black Hole", "description": "Explore the unusual eruption of 1ES 1927+654, a galaxy located 236 million light-years away in the constellation Draco. A sudden reversal of the magnetic field around its million-solar-mass black hole may have triggered the outburst.Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Music: \"Water Dance\" and \"Alternate Worlds\" from Universal Production MusicWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || ChangingLookAGN_Still1.jpg (1920x1080) [822.9 KB] || ChangingLookAGN_Still1_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.5 KB] || ChangingLookAGN_Still1_thm.png (80x40) [6.2 KB] || 14148_ChangingLook_AGN_1080.webm (1920x1080) [24.8 MB] || 14148_ChangingLook_AGN_Sub100MB.mp4 (1920x1080) [91.5 MB] || 14148_ChangingLook_AGN_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [246.5 MB] || 14148_ChangingLook_AGN_Best_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [534.7 MB] || 14148_ChangingLook_AGN_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [4.2 KB] || 14148_ChangingLook_AGN_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [4.3 KB] || 14148_ChangingLook_AGN_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [3.2 GB] || ", "hits": 194 }, { "id": 14086, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14086/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2022-02-10T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "Landsat 9 Data Release", "description": "The data from Landsat 9 is available for anyone to download from the USGS data archive. Launched on Sept. 27, 2021, the new satellite and its instruments went through testing and calibration by the mission team. Now, with both Landsat 9 and Landsat 8 in orbit, there will be high-quality, medium-resolution images of Earth’s landscapes and coastal regions every eight days.Music: Amazing Discoveries by Damien Deshayes [SACEM], published by KTSA Publishing [SACEM] available from Universal Production Music; The Troubleshooter by Anders Johan Greger Lewen [STIM], published by Primetime Productions, Ltd [PRS]; Bright Patterns by Gregg Lehrman [ASCAP] and John Christopher Nye [ASCAP], published by Soundcast Music [SESAC]Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || 14086_Landsat9_data-print.jpg (1920x1080) [626.5 KB] || 14086_Landsat9_data-print_searchweb.png (320x180) [53.8 KB] || 14086_Landsat9_data-print_thm.png (80x40) [4.7 KB] || 14086_Landsat9_data_MASTER-pr.mov (1920x1080) [3.1 GB] || 14086_Landsat9_data-yt.mp4 (1920x1080) [369.6 MB] || 14086_Landsat9_data-tw.mp4 (1920x1080) [50.5 MB] || 14086_Landsat9_data-yt.webm (1920x1080) [25.2 MB] || 14086_Landsat9_data.en_US.srt [4.9 KB] || 14086_Landsat9_data.en_US.vtt [4.7 KB] || ", "hits": 118 }, { "id": 13960, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13960/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2021-10-07T15:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Most Important Instrument You've Never Heard Of", "description": "This slightly longer version has an extended shot at the end to allow time for YouTube pop-up links. || ATMS_teaser_YouTube_final.00460_print.jpg (1024x576) [132.9 KB] || ATMS_teaser_YouTube_final.00460_searchweb.png (320x180) [89.1 KB] || ATMS_teaser_YouTube_final.00460_web.png (320x180) [89.1 KB] || ATMS_teaser_YouTube_final.00460_thm.png (80x40) [6.1 KB] || ATMS_teaser_YouTube_final.mp4 (1920x1080) [52.4 MB] || ATMS_teaser_YouTube_final.webm (1920x1080) [7.5 MB] || ATMS_teaser_YT_captions.en_US.srt [443 bytes] || ATMS_teaser_YT_captions.en_US.vtt [431 bytes] || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 31167, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31167/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2021-09-27T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Radar Detects Oil Slick in Gulf of Mexico", "description": "An oil slick is detected in airborne radar data and satellite visible band imagery. || delta-x_uavsar_oil_slick_PIA24540_print.jpg (1024x576) [145.6 KB] || delta-x_uavsar_oil_slick_PIA24540.png (3840x2160) [8.2 MB] || delta-x_uavsar_oil_slick_PIA24540_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.5 KB] || delta-x_uavsar_oil_slick_PIA24540_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || delta-x_uavsar_oil_slick_PIA24540.hwshow [324 bytes] || ", "hits": 52 }, { "id": 13737, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13737/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2021-04-08T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA’s NICER Finds X-ray Boosts in the Crab Pulsar’s Radio Bursts", "description": "Observations from NASA’s Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) show X-ray boosts linked in the Crab pulsar's random giant radio pulses. Watch to learn more. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterMusic: \"The Awakening\" from Universal Production MusicWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || Crab_Radio_Still.jpg (1920x1080) [865.4 KB] || Crab_Radio_Still_searchweb.png (320x180) [65.9 KB] || Crab_Radio_Still_thm.png (80x40) [5.2 KB] || 13737_Crab_Pulsar_Radio_Bursts_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [1.6 GB] || 13737_Crab_Pulsar_Radio_Bursts_Best_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [275.3 MB] || 13737_Crab_Pulsar_Radio_Bursts_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [114.7 MB] || 13737_Crab_Pulsar_Radio_Bursts_Best_1080.webm (1920x1080) [15.2 MB] || 13737_Crab_Pulsar_Radio_Bursts_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [2.6 KB] || 13737_Crab_Pulsar_Radio_Bursts_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [2.6 KB] || ", "hits": 218 }, { "id": 13342, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13342/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2020-02-03T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "MAVEN Explores Mars to Understand Radio Interference at Earth", "description": "The MAVEN mission explores Mars’ atmosphere to better study a phenomenon observed at Earth, known as “Sporadic-E Layers.” They are concentrations of plasma that form in the ionosphere and interfere with radio waves. This video is animated in a comic book style.Music from Universal Production Music. Songs include: \"Alpha and Omega,\" \"Break the News,\" and \"Waiting for a Sensation.\" || MAVEN_thumb.jpg (3840x2160) [801.1 KB] || MAVEN_thumb_searchweb.png (320x180) [106.4 KB] || MAVEN_thumb_thm.png (80x40) [5.2 KB] || 13342_SPORADIC_MAVEN_MASTER.webm (960x540) [63.4 MB] || 13342_SPORADIC_MAVEN_MASTER_twitter_720.mp4 (1280x720) [29.9 MB] || 13342_SPORADIC_MAVEN_MASTER_facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [178.5 MB] || 13442_MAVEN_caption.en_US.srt [4.4 KB] || 13442_MAVEN_caption.en_US.vtt [4.4 KB] || 13342_SPORADIC_MAVEN_MASTER.mov (3840x2160) [10.8 GB] || ", "hits": 64 }, { "id": 4779, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4779/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2020-01-23T09:00:00-05:00", "title": "Orbital Differences Between Earth and Proxima Centauri b", "description": "This data visualization compares the relative distances and speeds of Proxima B's orbit to the Earth's orbit. Proxima B rapidly orbits its sun every 11.2 days. || evb_orbits_comp.0333_print.jpg (1024x576) [78.7 KB] || evb_orbits_comp.0333_searchweb.png (320x180) [48.9 KB] || evb_orbits_comp.0333_thm.png (80x40) [4.7 KB] || evb_orbits_comp_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [5.3 MB] || Composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || evb_orbits_comp_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [1.8 MB] || ", "hits": 658 }, { "id": 13467, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13467/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2019-12-09T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "Operation IceBridge - Radar", "description": "The University of Kansas's Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) operates a variety of radar instruments on the IceBridge P-3B and DC-8 airborne laboratories. Each of these instruments uses a different frequency band, which gives them the ability to examine the entire ice column, ranging from the surface, through accumulated snow and all the way down to the bedrock below.Radar Instruments Used:Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS)Snow RadarAccumulation RadarKu-Band Radar AltimeterHigh Capability Radar Sounder (HiCARS) || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 13468, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13468/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2019-12-09T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "Operation IceBridge - Snow Radar", "description": "The snow radar instrument measures the thickness of snow on top of sea ice, which allows researchers to make more accurate sea ice thickness measurements. Scientists can measure sea ice freeboard, or the amount above the water’s surface, and using the known ratio of ice above and below water to calculate thickness. Snow accumulation can give higher freeboard figures, skewing these results, so knowing snow accumulation is important for measuring sea ice thickness. || ", "hits": 37 }, { "id": 13292, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13292/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2019-08-23T15:00:00-04:00", "title": "TIRS-2 Ready For Integration", "description": "The Thermal Infrared Sensor 2 (TIRS-2) has passed its tests at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and traveled across the country to be integrated onto Landsat 9.Music: Last Outpost by Lennert Busch [PRS], published by Sound Pocket Music [PRS]Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || TIRS-2_shipping_20190813-28_print.jpg (1024x576) [83.4 KB] || TIRS-2_shipping_20190813-28.png (3840x2160) [10.7 MB] || TIRS-2_shipping_20190813-28_searchweb.png (320x180) [82.4 KB] || TIRS-2_shipping_20190813-28_thm.png (80x40) [5.8 KB] || 13292_TIRS-2_Ships_MASTER_V3.mov (1920x1080) [2.6 GB] || 13292_TIRS-2_Ships.mp4 (1920x1080) [160.5 MB] || 13292_TIRS-2_Ships_MASTER_V3_facebook_720.mp4 (1280x720) [91.2 MB] || 13292_TIRS-2_Ships_MASTER_V3.webm (960x540) [33.0 MB] || 13292_TIRS-2_Ships-captions.en_US.srt [1.2 KB] || 13292_TIRS-2_Ships-captions.en_US.vtt [1.2 KB] || ", "hits": 40 }, { "id": 13162, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13162/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2019-03-29T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "Flying Alaskan Glaciers", "description": "Flying low over some of the most dramatic landscapes on the planet, a cadre of scientists and pilots have been measuring changes in Alaskan glaciers as part of NASA’s Operation IceBridge for almost a decade. The team has seen significant change in ice extent and thickness over that time. Data from the mission was used in a 2015 study that put numbers on the loss of Alaskan glaciers: 75 billion tons of ice every year from 1994 to 2013. Last summer, Chris Larsen and Martin Truffer, both of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, flew with University of Arizona's Jack Holt and University of Texas student Michael Christoffersen. || OIB_Alaska_Final.00010_print.jpg (1024x576) [109.9 KB] || OIB_Alaska_Final.00010_searchweb.png (320x180) [96.3 KB] || OIB_Alaska_Final.00010_thm.png (80x40) [6.8 KB] || OIB_Alaska_Final.mp4 (1920x1080) [939.1 MB] || YOUTUBE_1080_OIB_Alaska_Final_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [977.3 MB] || OIB_Alaska_Final.webm (1920x1080) [76.9 MB] || OIB_Alaska_Final.en_US.srt [12.6 KB] || OIB_Alaska_Final.en_US.vtt [12.6 KB] || ", "hits": 25 }, { "id": 4621, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4621/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-12-10T12:01:00-05:00", "title": "El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico Canopy Change Nadir View (2017-2018)", "description": "Animation that does of a low fly over of El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico. The entire animation is split screen showing the 2017 data on top and 2018 on bottom. Notice the dense lush forest canopy in 2017 and how it covers and shades much of the forest floor. However, in 2018, after Maria devastated the forest in late 2017, the tree canopy has been greatly thinned exposing much more of the forest floor. || evzoom_comp4.0300_print.jpg (1024x576) [316.8 KB] || evzoom_comp4.0300_searchweb.png (320x180) [121.7 KB] || evzoom_comp4.0300_thm.png (80x40) [7.3 KB] || Sample_Composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || evzoom_comp4_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [15.4 MB] || evzoom_comp4_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [199.0 MB] || evzoom_comp4_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [186 bytes] || ", "hits": 41 }, { "id": 4624, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4624/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-12-10T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico Canopy Change from Afar (2017-2018)", "description": "Sample Composite that split screens the lidar swath over the El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico. During the split screen, 2017 data is on the upper left and 2018 data on the bottom right. As the camera moves northwest, the viewer can see patches of ground becoming visible in the 2018 data. This is due to the vast numbers of trees that were stripped or fell during Hurricane Maria in September 2017. || el_verde_comp.0190_print.jpg (1024x576) [368.1 KB] || el_verde_comp.0800.png (1920x1080) [3.0 MB] || el_verde_comp.0190_searchweb.png (320x180) [115.9 KB] || el_verde_comp.0190_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || Sample_Composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || el_verde_comp_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [11.9 MB] || el_verde_comp.0800.tif (1920x1080) [5.9 MB] || el_verde_comp_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [247.1 MB] || el_verde_comp_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [187 bytes] || ", "hits": 57 }, { "id": 4576, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4576/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-12-10T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico Canopy Change Up Close (2017-2018)", "description": "Sample composite that shows a split screen of 2017 and 2018 lidar data over El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico. As the animation plays, one can see a distinct difference between the fullness of the 2017 forest canopy versus the much sparser 2018 canopy. This difference is most noticable around rivers and streams where the neighboring forest canopy was stripped away by Hurricane Maria exposing much more of the water banks. || el_verde_zoom_comp2.2800_print.jpg (1024x576) [305.6 KB] || Sample_Composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || el_verde_zoom_comp2_1080p30_2.webm (1920x1080) [21.8 MB] || el_verde_zoom_comp2_1080p30_2.mp4 (1920x1080) [338.7 MB] || el_verde_zoom_comp2_1080p30_2.mp4.hwshow [195 bytes] || ", "hits": 69 }, { "id": 13090, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13090/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-10-09T08:00:00-04:00", "title": "GEDI Media Resources", "description": "The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) uses laser pulses to give a view of the 3D structure of the Earth. GEDI’s precise measurements of the height and vertical structure of forest canopy, along with the surface elevation, will greatly advance our ability to characterize important carbon and water cycling processes, biodiversity, and habitat. The mission is led by the University of Maryland, College Park, and the instrument was built and tested at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.GEDI observes nearly all tropical and temperate forests using a self-contained laser altimeter on the International Space Station. GEDI has the highest resolution and densest sampling of any lidar ever put in orbit. This has required a number of innovative technologies to be developed at NASA Goddard.GEDI has three lasers that produce 8 parallel tracks of observations. Each laser fires 242 times per second and illuminates a 25-meter footprint on the surface over which 3D structure is measured. Each footprint is separated by 60 meters along the track, with an across-track distance of about 600 m between each of the 8 tracks. GEDI is expected to produce about 10 billion cloud-free observations during its nominal 24-month mission length.With these observations, GEDI will provide answers to how deforestation has contributed to atmospheric CO2 concentrations, how much carbon forests will absorb in the future, and how habitat degradation will affect global biodiversity. This data is of immense value for forest and water resource management, carbon cycle science, and weather prediction.For more information about GEDI: https://gedi.umd.edu || ", "hits": 130 }, { "id": 12968, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12968/", "result_type": "Infographic", "release_date": "2018-09-11T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "PIPER Infographic", "description": "The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a NASA scientific balloon mission that will fly to the edge of Earth’s atmosphere to study twisty patterns of light in the universe’s “baby picture.” This infographic highlights some facts about PIPER’s instruments, capabilities and goals.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterMachine-readable PDF copy || PIPER_Infographic_FINAL_Medium.jpg (1500x1941) [902.2 KB] || PIPER_Infographic_FINAL_Small.jpg (1000x1294) [469.6 KB] || PIPER_Infographic_FINAL.jpg (5100x6600) [6.6 MB] || PIPER_Infographic_FINAL.png (5100x6600) [15.3 MB] || PIPER_Infographic_FINAL_half.jpg (2550x3300) [1.7 MB] || PIPER_Infographic_FINAL_half.png (2550x3300) [6.9 MB] || ", "hits": 82 }, { "id": 13044, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13044/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-08-22T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "ICESat-2 L-30 Science Briefing Graphics", "description": "Next month, NASA will launch into space the most advanced laser instrument of its kind, beginning a mission to measure – in unprecedented detail – changes in the heights of Earth’s polar ice.NASA’s Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) will measure the average annual elevation change of land ice covering Greenland and Antarctica to within the width of a pencil, capturing 60,000 measurements every second.“ICESat-2’s new observational technologies will advance our knowledge of how the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica contribute to sea level rise while also helping us understand the connection of sea ice loss to the global system,” said Thomas Wagner, cryosphere program scientist in NASA’s Science Mission Directorate.ICESat-2 will extend and improve upon NASA's 15-year record of monitoring the change in polar ice heights, which started in 2003 with the first ICESat mission and continued in 2009 with NASA’s Operation IceBridge, an airborne research campaign that monitors the accelerating rate of change.ICESat-2 represents a major technological leap in our ability to measure changes in ice height. Its Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) measures height by timing how long it takes individual light photons to travel from the spacecraft to Earth and back.NASA will host a media teleconference at 1 p.m. EDT Wednesday, Aug. 22, to discuss the upcoming launch of the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-2), which will fly NASA's most advanced laser altimeter to measure Earth’s changing ice. The teleconference will stream live on NASA's website.ICESat-2 is scheduled to launch Sept. 15 from Vandenberg Air Force Base.The briefing participants are: • Tom Wagner, cryosphere program scientist in the Science Mission Directorate (SMD) at NASA Headquarters • Richard Slonaker, ICESat-2 program executive in SMD • Doug McLennan, ICESat-2 project manager at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center • Donya Douglas-Bradshaw, Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) instrument project manager at Goddard • Tom Neumann, ICESat-2 deputy project scientist at GoddardFor more information:Media AdvisoryICESat-2 Video Resources || ", "hits": 60 }, { "id": 30979, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30979/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2018-07-31T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "ECOSTRESS Installation and First Data", "description": "The first light image from ECOSTRESS, showing the Nile river valley. || ecostress_first_light_PIA22590.png (1920x1080) [1.3 MB] || ecostress_first_light_PIA22590_print.jpg (1024x576) [99.0 KB] || ecostress_first_light_PIA22590_searchweb.png (320x180) [55.4 KB] || ecostress_first_light_PIA22590_thm.png (80x40) [4.5 KB] || ecostress_first_light_PIA22590.hwshow [228 bytes] || ", "hits": 87 }, { "id": 4530, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4530/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-06-12T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "50 Kilometers of Brazilian Forest Canopy", "description": "This visualization shows an airplane collecting a 50 kilometer swath of lidar data over the Brazilian rainforest. For ground level features, colors range from deep brown to tan. Vegetation heights are depicted in shades of green, where dark greens are closest to the ground and light greens are the highest. || transect2014.17900_print.jpg (1024x576) [106.2 KB] || transect2014.17900_searchweb.png (320x180) [44.6 KB] || transect2014.17900_thm.png (80x40) [4.1 KB] || transect2014_720p30.webm (1280x720) [71.4 MB] || transect2014_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [132.4 MB] || transect2014_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [311.2 MB] || transect2014_360p30.mp4 (640x360) [30.3 MB] || transect2014 (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || transect2014_2160p30_3.mp4 (3840x2160) [1.2 GB] || transect2014_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [212 bytes] || ", "hits": 41 }, { "id": 4532, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4532/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-06-12T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Flying Through LIDAR Canopy Data", "description": "This animation shows an airplane collecting treetop data over a Brazilian rainforest. As the airplane continues to collect data, the viewer flies down to the rainforest canopy and flies through the virtual leaves, eventually emerging to see the airplane off in the distance still collecting new data. It should be noted that for the purposes of this animation, we chose to use leaf-like objects to represent each lidar data point in 3D space. However, lidar data does not specifically show individual leaves, but simply point heights reflected by the leaf canopy. However, the resolution of the lidar data is so good that it potentially can pick up leaves and other structures such as tree branches, and sometimes even flying birds, but has no easy way to differentiate between them. Therefore, since the location of this particular data was known to be a rainforest, and the majority of the data points would represent leaves, we chose leaf-like structures for this particular case. || flythrough.0520_print.jpg (1024x576) [192.8 KB] || flythrough.0520_searchweb.png (320x180) [84.5 KB] || flythrough.0520_thm.png (80x40) [5.8 KB] || flythrough_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [82.6 MB] || flythrough_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [39.9 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || flythrough_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [5.9 MB] || flythrough_360p30.mp4 (640x360) [12.3 MB] || flythrough_4532.key [40.3 MB] || flythrough_4532.pptx [40.0 MB] || flythrough_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [184 bytes] || ", "hits": 116 }, { "id": 4650, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4650/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-06-12T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Brazilian Rainforest Logged Area Canopy Change 2013-2016", "description": "This data visualization starts with an airplane collecting lidar over a flat plane. As the data is collected a strip of the 2013 Brazilian rainforest canopy can be seen. Once the plane flies past, we spin the camera around to get a better view of the treetop canopy data. We then highlight areas of the canopy that will undergo significant change from 2013 to 2016. Finally, we allow those highlighted areas (ie, trees and tree branches) to fall the the ground, revealing the new 2016 forest canopy. || logged_v84_comp.0500_print.jpg (1024x576) [280.1 KB] || logged_v84_comp.0500_searchweb.png (320x180) [100.0 KB] || logged_v84_comp.0500_thm.png (80x40) [6.7 KB] || logged_v84_comp_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [32.8 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || logged_v84_comp_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [2.6 MB] || logged_v84_comp_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [189 bytes] || ", "hits": 30 }, { "id": 4651, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4651/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-06-12T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Brazilian Rainforest Area Canopy Change 2013-2014-2016", "description": "This data visualization starts in 2013 with an airplane collecting lidar data. As the plane flies overhead, the viewer finds themselves amongst the recently collected treetop canopy. The viewer then moves forward through the canopy eventually lifting up to get a birds eye view of the recently collected strip of data points (represented as leaf-like shapes). Areas of change from 2013 to 2014 are then highlighted and the data transitions to what the canopy looked like in 2014. Areas of change between 2014 to 2016 are then highlighted before the data transitions again to what the canopy looked like in 2016. Each successive change allows scientists to carefully monitor the turn over rate of foliage over this three year period. || nologging_v87.0410_print.jpg (1024x576) [85.0 KB] || nologging_v87.0410_searchweb.png (320x180) [51.7 KB] || nologging_v87.0410_thm.png (80x40) [5.1 KB] || nologging_v87_comp_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [46.2 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || nologging_v87_comp_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.3 MB] || nologging_v87_comp_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [192 bytes] || ", "hits": 19 }, { "id": 4652, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4652/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-06-12T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Brazilian Rainforest Canopy Change at Mission Start 2013-2014-2016", "description": "This data visualization starts in 2013 with an airplane collecting lidar data. As the plane flies overhead, the stationary viewer finds themselves amongst the recently collected treetop canopy. The viewer then drifts upward getting a better view of the beginning of the data swath. Areas that change between 2013 and 2014 are then highlighted and the data transitions fully to what the canopy looked like in 2014. Next, areas of change between 2014 to 2016 are highlighted and then fully transition to the canopy in 2016. Being able to see this level of change allows scientists to carefully monitor the foliage turnover rate in this remote part of the world. || stillcam5_comp.0690_print.jpg (1024x576) [217.2 KB] || stillcam5_comp.0690_searchweb.png (320x180) [66.4 KB] || stillcam5_comp.0690_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || stillcam5_comp_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [41.9 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || stillcam5_comp_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [3.1 MB] || stillcam5_comp_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [188 bytes] || ", "hits": 40 }, { "id": 30911, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30911/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2017-11-13T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "2017 North Atlantic Hurricane Season Simulation", "description": "GEOs model run showing 2017 Atlantic hurricane season || plot_ir4-goeseast_proj_F517R06K-GEOS_06KM-REPLAY-20170905_1745_print.jpg (1024x576) [98.0 KB] || plot_ir4-goeseast_proj_F517R06K-GEOS_06KM-REPLAY-20170905_1745.png (5760x3240) [5.5 MB] || plot_ir4-goeseast_proj_F517R06K-GEOS_06KM-REPLAY-20170905_1745_searchweb.png (320x180) [44.2 KB] || plot_ir4-goeseast_proj_F517R06K-GEOS_06KM-REPLAY-20170905_1745_thm.png (80x40) [3.8 KB] || plot_ir4-goeseast_proj_720p.webm (1280x720) [49.6 MB] || plot_ir4-goeseast_proj_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [156.3 MB] || ", "hits": 34 }, { "id": 30912, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30912/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2017-11-13T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "2017 North Atlantic Hurricane Season Simulation Compared With Observations", "description": "A video comparing model output and satellite imagery. || ir_compare2m-globe_F517R06K-F517R06K_20170801_0000_print.jpg (1024x547) [132.7 KB] || ir_compare2m-globe_F517R06K-F517R06K_20170801_0000.png (5760x3081) [5.8 MB] || ir_compare2m-globe_F517R06K-F517R06K_20170801_0000_searchweb.png (320x180) [60.4 KB] || ir_compare2m-globe_F517R06K-F517R06K_20170801_0000_thm.png (80x40) [5.7 KB] || ir_compare2m-globe_720p.webm (1280x720) [16.1 MB] || ir_compare2m-globe_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [198.3 MB] || ", "hits": 23 }, { "id": 30913, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30913/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2017-11-13T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "SC17 North Atlantic Icelandic Low 1.5-km - Simulation", "description": "A video of a low pressure weather system shows which types of clouds the GEOS model can reproduce. || plot_ir4-northatlantic_map_G5ECMWF-GEOS_01KM-GEOS-20170427_1200_print.jpg (1024x576) [183.4 KB] || plot_ir4-northatlantic_map_G5ECMWF-GEOS_01KM-GEOS-20170427_1200.png (5760x3240) [12.6 MB] || plot_ir4-northatlantic_map_G5ECMWF-GEOS_01KM-GEOS-20170427_1200_searchweb.png (320x180) [81.4 KB] || plot_ir4-northatlantic_map_G5ECMWF-GEOS_01KM-GEOS-20170427_1200_thm.png (80x40) [7.0 KB] || plot_ir4-northatlantic_map_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [44.5 MB] || plot_ir4-northatlantic_map_720p.webm (1280x720) [1.8 MB] || ", "hits": 27 }, { "id": 12532, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12532/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-11-07T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "Welcome to the Ionosphere", "description": "Music credit: Foxy Trot by Luis Enriquez Bacalov Complete transcript available.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. || ionosphere_thumb.jpg (1920x1080) [69.9 KB] || ionosphere_thumb_searchweb.png (320x180) [57.3 KB] || ionosphere_thumb_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || APPLE_TV-12532_Welcome_to_the_ionosphere_bsideV4_appletv.webm (1280x720) [24.0 MB] || APPLE_TV-12532_Welcome_to_the_ionosphere_bsideV4_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [116.4 MB] || APPLE_TV-12532_Welcome_to_the_ionosphere_bsideV4_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [116.5 MB] || YOUTUBE_1080-12532_Welcome_to_the_ionosphere_bsideV4_youtube_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [346.2 MB] || NASA_TV-12532_Welcome_to_the_ionosphere_bsideV4.mpeg (1280x720) [691.7 MB] || 12532_Welcome_to_the_ionosphere_bsideV2_lowres.en_US.srt [3.8 KB] || 12532_Welcome_to_the_ionosphere_bsideV2_lowres.en_US.vtt [3.8 KB] || 12532_Welcome_to_the_ionosphere_bsideV4_lowres.mp4 (480x272) [29.2 MB] || LARGE_MP4-12532_Welcome_to_the_ionosphere_bsideV4_large.mp4 (3840x2160) [220.8 MB] || NASA_PODCAST-12532_Welcome_to_the_ionosphere_bsideV4_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [37.3 MB] || 12532_Welcome_to_the_ionosphere_bsideV4.mov (3840x2160) [10.1 GB] || ", "hits": 219 }, { "id": 4373, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4373/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-11-03T15:00:00-04:00", "title": "ICESat-2 Orbit", "description": "ICESat-2 orbiting Earth: starting with global view building up ground track, then riding the satellite view, then back to a global view with full ground track || icesat2_orbit26.2100_print.jpg (1024x576) [114.4 KB] || icesat2_orbit26.2100_searchweb.png (320x180) [77.7 KB] || icesat2_orbit26.2100_thm.png (80x40) [5.2 KB] || icesat2_orbit_long_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [42.8 MB] || long (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || long (1280x720) [0 Item(s)] || icesat2_orbit_long_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [18.2 MB] || icesat2_orbit_long_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [104.5 MB] || icesat2_orbit_long_360p30.m4v (640x360) [27.8 MB] || long (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || icesat2_orbit_long_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [406.6 MB] || ", "hits": 90 }, { "id": 12591, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12591/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-05-17T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA's Van Allen Probes Find Human-Made Bubble Shrouding Earth", "description": "Music: Alternate and Parallel by Richard BirkinComplete transcript available. || 12591_VLF_bubbleV3.01194_print.jpg (1024x608) [101.5 KB] || 12591_VLF_bubbleV3.01194_searchweb.png (320x180) [58.6 KB] || 12591_VLF_bubbleV3.01194_thm.png (80x40) [5.6 KB] || 12591_VLF_bubbleV3_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [40.3 MB] || 12591_VLF_bubbleV3_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [40.3 MB] || 12591_VLF_bubbleV3_prores.mov (1280x720) [555.6 MB] || 12591_VLF_bubbleV2.en_US.srt [1.3 KB] || 12591_VLF_bubbleV2.en_US.vtt [1.3 KB] || 12591_VLF_bubbleV3.webm (4000x2376) [12.6 MB] || 12591_VLF_bubbleV3_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [15.1 MB] || 12591_VLF_bubbleV3.mov (4000x2376) [3.6 GB] || ", "hits": 112 }, { "id": 12494, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12494/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-02-07T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "GPM Has Best Calibrated Microwave Imager in the World", "description": "This is an infographic describing how the GPM Microwave Imager works and maintains its high degree of calibration, as well as how it contributes to the precipitation rates produced by the mission. || GMI_Calibration_Infographic_10_Final.jpg (1275x5978) [2.9 MB] || GMI_thumbnail_searchweb.png (320x180) [39.4 KB] || GMI_thumbnail_thm.png (80x40) [4.2 KB] || ", "hits": 25 }, { "id": 12451, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12451/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-01-30T11:30:00-05:00", "title": "Fermi Sees Gamma Rays from Far Side Solar Flares", "description": "On three occasions, NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has detected gamma rays from solar storms on the far side of the sun, emission the Earth-orbiting satellite shouldn't be able to detect. Particles accelerated by these eruptions somehow reach around to produce a gamma-ray glow on the side of the sun facing Earth and Fermi. Watch to learn more. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available.This illustration shows large magnetic structures extending high above the sun from the active region hosting the Sept. 1, 2014, solar blast. Left: Scientists think particles accelerated at the leading edge of the event's coronal mass ejection followed magnetic lines high above the sun. Right: Some of the particles followed similar magnetic structures rooted in the Earth-facing side of the sun. They rained down on the sun and interacted with the solar surface, producing gamma rays (magenta). The solar images shown here come from (left) STEREO B and (right) NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory. Credit: NASA/STEREO and NASA/SDO || STEREO-SDO_Fermi_Still.jpg (1920x1080) [433.9 KB] || STEREO-SDO_Fermi_Still_searchweb.png (320x180) [101.1 KB] || STEREO-SDO_Fermi_Still_thm.png (80x40) [7.7 KB] || 12451_Fermi_Farside_Flares_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [2.5 GB] || 12451_Fermi_Farside_Flares_FINAL_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [1.2 GB] || 12451_Fermi_Farside_Flares-H264_1080.mov (1920x1080) [286.5 MB] || 12451_Fermi_Farside_Flares-H264_Good_1080.m4v (1920x1080) [190.5 MB] || 12451_Fermi_Farside_Flares_FINAL_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [100.4 MB] || 12451_Fermi_Farside_Flares-H264_Compatible.m4v (960x540) [74.4 MB] || 12451_Fermi_Farside_Flares_FINAL_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [100.5 MB] || 12451_Fermi_Farside_Flares-H264_Compatible.webm (960x540) [20.5 MB] || 12451_Fermi_Farside_Flares_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [3.3 KB] || 12451_Fermi_Farside_Flares_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [3.3 KB] || ", "hits": 88 }, { "id": 12454, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12454/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2017-01-30T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "Fermi Finds the Farthest Blazars", "description": "NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has discovered the five most distant gamma-ray blazars yet known. The light detected by Fermi left these galaxies by the time the universe was two billion years old. Two of these galaxies harbor billion-solar-mass black holes that challenge current ideas about how quickly such monsters could grow.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || Distant_Blazars_Still.jpg (1920x1080) [493.4 KB] || Distant_Blazars_Still_searchweb.png (320x180) [74.1 KB] || Distant_Blazars_Still_thm.png (80x40) [5.6 KB] || 12454_Fermi_Distant_Blazars_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [2.4 GB] || 12454_Fermi_Distant_Blazars_FINAL_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [1.0 GB] || 12454_Fermi_Distant_Blazars-H264_1080p.mov (1920x1080) [273.0 MB] || WMV_12454_Fermi_Distant_Blazars_FINAL_HD.wmv (1920x1080) [194.9 MB] || 12454_Fermi_Distant_Blazars-H264_Good_1080.m4v (1920x1080) [181.4 MB] || 12454_Fermi_Distant_Blazars_FINAL_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [87.3 MB] || 12454_Fermi_Distant_Blazars-H264_Compatible.m4v (960x540) [73.6 MB] || 12454_Fermi_Distant_Blazars_FINAL_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [87.4 MB] || 12454_Fermi_Distant_Blazars-H264_Compatible.webm (960x540) [19.5 MB] || 12454_Fermi_Distant_Blazars_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [3.1 KB] || 12454_Fermi_Distant_Blazars_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [3.1 KB] || ", "hits": 161 }, { "id": 12376, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12376/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2016-09-29T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "Fermi Finds Record-breaking Gamma-ray Binary", "description": "Dive into the Large Magellanic Cloud and see a visualization of LMC P3, an extraordinary gamma-ray binary system discovered by NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || LMC_P3_Still_2.jpg (2880x1620) [539.2 KB] || LMC_P3_Still_2_searchweb.png (320x180) [58.0 KB] || LMC_P3_Still_2_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || LMC_P3_FB_Final_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [1.3 GB] || 12376_LMC_P3_FB_Final_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [660.0 MB] || LMC_P3_FB_Final_H264.mp4 (1920x1080) [182.3 MB] || LMC_P3_FB_Final_H264_HD_1080p.mov (1920x1080) [137.8 MB] || 12376_LMC_P3_FB_Final_large.mp4 (1920x1080) [92.6 MB] || LMC_P3_FB_Final_Apple_Devices_HD.m4v (1920x1080) [90.7 MB] || 12376_LMC_P3_FB_Final_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [42.5 MB] || 12376_LMC_P3_FB_Final_appletv.webm (1280x720) [9.9 MB] || 12376_LMC_P3_FB_Final_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [42.5 MB] || 12376_LMC_P3_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [373 bytes] || 12376_LMC_P3_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [386 bytes] || ", "hits": 104 }, { "id": 20241, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20241/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2016-09-20T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Electromagnetic Spectrum", "description": "Animation depicting the electromagnetic spectrum and the different characteristics of each wavelength type. 4k resolution. || WFirst_ElectromagneticSpectrum.0830_print.jpg (1024x576) [228.7 KB] || WFirst_ElectromagneticSpectrum.0830.png (3840x2160) [13.8 MB] || WFirst_ElectromagneticSpectrum.0830_searchweb.png (320x180) [105.9 KB] || WFirst_ElectromagneticSpectrum.0830_thm.png (80x40) [7.1 KB] || WFirst_LightSpectrum_Final_H264_HD_1080p.mov (1920x1080) [150.2 MB] || WFirst_LightSpectrum_Final_H264_HD_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [8.7 MB] || WFirst_LightSpectrum_Final_4K_ProRes.mov (3840x2160) [5.6 GB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [256.0 KB] || WFirst_LightSpectrum_Final_H264-4K.mov (3840x2160) [196.0 MB] || ", "hits": 432 }, { "id": 12317, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12317/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2016-08-12T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA's Fermi Mission Broadens its Dark Matter Search", "description": "Top: Gamma rays (magenta lines) coming from a bright source like NGC 1275 in the Perseus galaxy cluster should form a particular type of spectrum (right). Bottom: Gamma rays convert into hypothetical axion-like particles (green dashes) and back again when they encounter magnetic fields (gray curves). The resulting gamma-ray spectrum (lower curve at right) would show unusual steps and gaps not seen in Fermi data, which means a range of these particles cannot make up a portion of dark matter.Credit: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Chris Smith || ALP_2_sequences.gif (1074x580) [211.8 KB] || ", "hits": 141 }, { "id": 12309, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12309/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2016-07-25T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "OSIRIS-REx Technology: OVIRS", "description": "OSIRIS-REx will use its visible and infrared spectrometer (OVIRS) to study the chemical composition of Bennu, a near-Earth asteroid that may hold clues to the origins of life.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || OvirsPreview3.jpg (1920x1080) [859.9 KB] || OvirsPreview3_searchweb.png (320x180) [122.7 KB] || OvirsPreview3_thm.png (80x40) [8.7 KB] || 12309_OVIRS_Profile_APR.mov (1920x1080) [8.7 GB] || 12309_OVIRS_Profile_large.mp4 (1920x1080) [340.1 MB] || 12309_OVIRS_Profile_H264.mp4 (1280x720) [340.6 MB] || 12309_OVIRS_Profile_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [169.3 MB] || 12309_OVIRS_Profile.webm (960x540) [135.6 MB] || 12309_OVIRS_Profile_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [169.4 MB] || 12309_OVIRS_Profile_APR_Output.en_US.srt [7.0 KB] || 12309_OVIRS_Profile_APR_Output.en_US.vtt [7.0 KB] || 12309_OVIRS_Profile_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [58.3 MB] || ", "hits": 102 }, { "id": 12218, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12218/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2016-04-28T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Fermi Helps Link a Cosmic Neutrino to a Blazar Outburst", "description": "NASA Goddard scientist Roopesh Ojha explains how Fermi and TANAMI uncovered the first plausible link between a blazar eruption and a neutrino from deep space. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight CenterWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Complete transcript available. || UniverseHD1845_print.jpg (1024x576) [135.3 KB] || UniverseHD1845_searchweb.png (320x180) [85.8 KB] || UniverseHD1845_web.png (180x320) [85.8 KB] || UniverseHD1845_thm.png (80x40) [6.3 KB] || UniverseHD1845.tif (1920x1080) [7.9 MB] || 12218_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_FINAL_appletv.webm (1280x720) [30.3 MB] || 12218_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_FINAL_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [138.0 MB] || 12218_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_FINAL_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [138.1 MB] || 12218_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_H264_Good_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [315.8 MB] || 12218_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino.mp4 (1920x1080) [292.0 MB] || 12218_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [4.8 KB] || 12218_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [4.8 KB] || 12218_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_FINAL_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [1.3 GB] || 12218_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_FINAL_lowres.mp4 (480x272) [38.6 MB] || 12218_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_H264_Best_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [2.3 GB] || 12218_Fermi_Blazar_Neutrino_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [3.6 GB] || ", "hits": 64 }, { "id": 12194, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12194/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2016-04-07T12:55:00-04:00", "title": "The Compton Legacy: A Quarter-century of Gamma-ray Science", "description": "This illustration of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory shows the locations of its four instruments, the Burst And Transient Source Experiment (BATSE), the Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE), the Imaging Compton Telescope (COMPTEL), and the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET). Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center || GRO_cutaway_labels_1080.jpg (1920x1081) [668.9 KB] || GRO_cutaway_labels_2160.jpg (3840x2161) [5.2 MB] || GRO_cutaway_labels_2160_searchweb.png (320x180) [116.1 KB] || GRO_cutaway_labels_2160_thm.png (80x40) [12.2 KB] || ", "hits": 125 }, { "id": 12019, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12019/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2016-01-07T14:15:00-05:00", "title": "NASA's Fermi Mission Sharpens its High-energy View", "description": "Tour the best view of the high-energy gamma-ray sky yet seen. This video highlights the plane of our galaxy and identifies objects producing gamma rays with energies greater than 1 TeV. Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center || 2FHL_Still_print.jpg (1024x576) [66.4 KB] || 2FHL_Still.png (3840x2160) [19.0 MB] || 2FHL_Still_searchweb.png (320x180) [55.9 KB] || 2FHL_Still_thm.png (80x40) [5.5 KB] || 12019_2FHL_H264_Good_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [39.6 MB] || 12019_2FHL_H264_Good_1920x1080_2997.webm (1920x1080) [9.9 MB] || 12019_2FHL_3840x2160_FINAL_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [49.2 MB] || 12019_2FHL_3840x2160_FINAL_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [49.3 MB] || 12019_2FHL_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [330 bytes] || 12019_2FHL_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [343 bytes] || 12019_2FHL_3840x2160_2997_20mbps.mp4 (3840x2160) [190.4 MB] || 12019_2FHL_3840x2160_2997_40mbps.mp4 (3840x2160) [371.2 MB] || 12019_2FHL_3840x2160_FINAL_lowres.mp4 (480x272) [13.0 MB] || NASA_PODCAST_12019_2FHL_3840x2160_FINAL_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [17.8 MB] || 12019_2FHL_ProRes_3840x2160_2997.mov (3840x2160) [3.8 GB] || ", "hits": 58 }, { "id": 12102, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12102/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2016-01-04T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Fermi Hyperwall--2016 AAS, A Walk Through Fermi Science", "description": "3x3 hyperwall-resolution image of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope with instruments labeled.Credit: NASA/JIm Grossmann || Fermi_Hyperwall_2_2_Instruments_5760_print.jpg (1024x576) [86.4 KB] || Fermi_Hyperwall_2_2_Instruments_5760.png (5760x3240) [32.3 MB] || fermi-2-2-Instruments.hwshow [294 bytes] || For additional Fermi hyperwall visuals please check the second hyperwall page || ", "hits": 68 }, { "id": 12004, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12004/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-12-15T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA's Fermi Satellite Kicks Off a Blazar Bonanza", "description": "Explore how gamma-ray telescopes in space and on Earth captured an outburst of high-energy light from PKS 1441+25, a black-hole-powered galaxy more than halfway across the universe.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here. || PKS_1441_still_1.png (1920x1080) [2.1 MB] || PKS_1441_still_1_print.jpg (1024x576) [45.3 KB] || PKS_1441_still_1_searchweb.png (320x180) [57.1 KB] || PKS_1441_still_1_thm.png (80x40) [7.6 KB] || PKS_1441_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [2.8 GB] || PKS_1441_H264_Best_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [1.5 GB] || PKS_1441_H264_Good_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [244.3 MB] || PKS_1441_Blazar_FINAL_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [947.0 MB] || PKS_1441_1920x1080_4mbps.mp4 (1920x1080) [105.6 MB] || PKS_1441_Blazar_FINAL_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [126.1 MB] || PKS_1441_Blazar_FINAL_appletv.webm (1280x720) [26.3 MB] || PKS_1441_Blazar_FINAL_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [126.2 MB] || PKS_1441_SRT_captions.en_US.srt [4.5 KB] || PKS_1441_SRT_captions.en_US.vtt [4.5 KB] || NASA_PODCAST_PKS_1441_Blazar_FINAL_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [43.8 MB] || ", "hits": 86 }, { "id": 12003, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12003/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-11-12T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "Fermi finds the first extragalactic gamma-ray pulsar", "description": "Explore Fermi's discovery of the first gamma-ray pulsar detected in a galaxy other than our own.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here. || LMC_Pulsar_Multi.jpg (1920x1080) [634.9 KB] || LMC_Pulsar_Multi_print.jpg (1024x576) [191.7 KB] || LMC_Pulsar_Multi_searchweb.png (320x180) [72.6 KB] || LMC_Pulsar_Multi_thm.png (80x40) [4.8 KB] || LMC_Pulsar_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [2.8 GB] || LMC_Pulsar_H264_Best_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [2.6 GB] || LMC_Pulsar_H264_Good_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [668.4 MB] || G2015-084_LMC_Pulsar_Final_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [1.5 GB] || LMC_Pulsar_MPEG4_1920X1080_2997.mp4 (1920x1080) [176.4 MB] || G2015-084_LMC_Pulsar_Final_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [112.5 MB] || LMC_Pulsar_Multi.tiff (1920x1080) [15.8 MB] || G2015-084_LMC_Pulsar_Final_appletv.webm (1280x720) [24.1 MB] || G2015-084_LMC_Pulsar_Final_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [112.6 MB] || LMC_Pulsar_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [3.8 KB] || LMC_Pulsar_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [3.9 KB] || NASA_PODCAST_G2015-084_LMC_Pulsar_Final_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [40.8 MB] || ", "hits": 129 }, { "id": 12050, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12050/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-11-10T16:00:00-05:00", "title": "Researchers Gear Up For OLYMPEX", "description": "From November 10 through December 21, NASA and university scientists are taking to the field to study wet winter weather near Seattle, Washington. With weather radars, weather balloons, specialized ground instruments, and NASA's DC-8 flying laboratory, the science team will be verifying rain and snowfall observations made by the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite mission on a NASA-led field campaign, The Olympic Mountain Experiment, or OLYMPEX.For more information: http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/nasa-heads-to-pacific-northwest-for-field-campaign-to-measure-rain-and-snowfall || ", "hits": 31 }, { "id": 12038, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12038/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-11-06T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA's Swift Catches its 1,000th Gamma-ray Burst", "description": "Labeled image. GRB 151027B, Swift's 1,000th burst (center), is shown in this composite X-ray, ultraviolet and optical image. X-rays were captured by Swift's X-Ray Telescope, which began observing the field 3.4 minutes after the Burst Alert Telescope detected the blast. Swift's Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) began observations seven seconds later and faintly detected the burst in visible light. The image includes X-rays with energies from 300 to 6,000 electron volts, primarily from the burst, and lower-energy light seen through the UVOT's visible, blue and ultraviolet filters (shown, respectively, in red, green and blue). The image has a cumulative exposure of 10.4 hours. Credit: NASA/Swift/Phil Evans, Univ. of Leicester || grb151027B_UVOT_XRT_labeled_1080.jpg (912x1080) [403.9 KB] || grb151027B_UVOT_XRT_labeled_2160_print.jpg (1024x1213) [394.1 KB] || grb151027B_UVOT_XRT_labeled_2160.jpg (1823x2160) [1.0 MB] || grb151027B_UVOT_XRT_labeled_2160_searchweb.png (320x180) [43.8 KB] || grb151027B_UVOT_XRT_labeled_2160_thm.png (80x40) [3.6 KB] || ", "hits": 76 }, { "id": 12022, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12022/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-10-09T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Poster: Fermi's Gamma-ray Cosmos", "description": "This poster summarizes the career to date of NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The central image is a map of the whole sky at gamma-ray wavelengths accumulated over six years of operations. The poster also discusses other Fermi findings, including a black widow pulsar, the Fermi Bubbles rising thousands of light-years out of our galaxy's center, a giant gamma-ray flare from the Crab Nebula, and many more.The poster is available in a variety of resolutions.Credit: NASA/Fermi/Sonoma State University/A. Simonnet || FskymaPoster15-2400_print.jpg (1024x658) [1.4 MB] || FskymaPoster15.jpg (11775x7575) [24.4 MB] || FskymaPoster15-half.jpg (5888x3788) [11.0 MB] || FskymaPoster15-3840.jpg (3840x2470) [6.3 MB] || FskymaPoster15-2400.jpg (2400x1544) [3.2 MB] || FskymaPoster15-2400_searchweb.png (320x180) [490.4 KB] || FskymaPoster15-2400_thm.png (80x40) [401.9 KB] || FskymaPoster15.tif (11775x7575) [340.8 MB] || ", "hits": 83 }, { "id": 11947, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11947/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-07-10T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "Fermi Spots a Record Flare from Blazar 3C 279", "description": "This visualization shows gamma rays detected during 3C 279's big flare by the LAT instrument on NASA's Fermi satellite. The flare is an abrupt shower of \"rain\" that trails off toward the end of the movie. Gamma rays are represented as expanding circles reminiscent of raindrops on water. Both the maximum size of the circle and its color represent the energy of the gamma ray, with white lowest and magenta highest. The highest-energy gamma ray the LAT detected during this flare, 52 billion electron volts, arrives near the end. In a second version of the visualization, a background map shows how the LAT detects 3C 279 and other sources by accumulating high-energy photons over time (brighter squares reflect higher numbers of gamma rays). The movie starts on June 14 and ends June 17. The area shown is a region of the sky five degrees on a side and centered on the position of 3C 279.  Credit: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT CollaborationWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here. || Fermi_Rain_Still2.jpg (1920x1080) [144.1 KB] || Fermi_Rain_Still2_print.jpg (1024x576) [51.2 KB] || Fermi_Rain_Still2_searchweb.png (320x180) [24.0 KB] || Fermi_Rain_Still2_thm.png (80x40) [5.0 KB] || Fermi_GammaRay_Rain_Final_1080.m4v (1920x1080) [81.8 MB] || WMV_Fermi_GammaRay_Rain_Final_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [24.3 MB] || APPLE_TV_Fermi_GammaRay_Rain_Final_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [39.3 MB] || YOUTUBE_HQ_Fermi_GammaRay_Rain_Final_youtube_hq.webm (1280x720) [8.5 MB] || APPLE_TV_Fermi_GammaRay_Rain_Final_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [39.3 MB] || Fermi_GammaRay_Rain_1080p.mov (1920x1080) [110.6 MB] || Fermi_GammaRay_Rain_Final_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [530.3 MB] || Fermi_GammaRay_Rain_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [415 bytes] || Fermi_GammaRay_Rain_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [428 bytes] || ", "hits": 65 }, { "id": 11895, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11895/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-07-02T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Astronomers Predict Cosmic Light Show from 2018 Stellar Encounter", "description": "Coming attraction: Astronomers are expecting high-energy explosions when pulsar J2032 swings around its massive companion star in early 2018. The pulsar will plunge through a disk of gas and dust surrounding the star, triggering cosmic fireworks. Scientists are planning a global campaign to watch the event across the spectrum, from radio waves to gamma rays. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterWatch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here. || Binary_Pulsar_Still.png (1920x1080) [2.0 MB] || Binary_Pulsar_Still_print.jpg (1024x576) [88.4 KB] || Binary_Pulsar_Still_searchweb.png (320x180) [74.7 KB] || Binary_Pulsar_Still_thm.png (80x40) [8.1 KB] || 11895_Fermi_Binary_Pulsar_.mov (1920x1080) [1.5 GB] || 11895_Fermi_Binary_Pulsar_-H264_Best_1920x1080_29.97.mov (1920x1080) [523.1 MB] || 11895_Fermi_Binary_Pulsar_-H264_Good_1080_29.97.mov (1920x1080) [77.1 MB] || YOUTUBE_HQ_G2015-051_Fermi_Binary_Pulsar_FINAL_VX-171746_youtube_hq.mov (1280x720) [174.9 MB] || 11895_Fermi_Binary_Pulsar_MPEG4_1920X1080_2997.mp4 (1920x1080) [53.1 MB] || WMV_G2015-051_Fermi_Binary_Pulsar_FINAL_VX-171746_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [48.3 MB] || APPLE_TV_G2015-051_Fermi_Binary_Pulsar_FINAL_VX-171746_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [71.5 MB] || 11895_Fermi_Binary_Pulsar_.webm (1920x1080) [14.4 MB] || APPLE_TV_G2015-051_Fermi_Binary_Pulsar_FINAL_VX-171746_appletv_subtitles.m4v (1280x720) [71.6 MB] || 11895_Fermi_Binary_Pulsar_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [1.8 KB] || 11895_Fermi_Binary_Pulsar_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [1.8 KB] || ", "hits": 77 }, { "id": 20225, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20225/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2015-07-02T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Binary Pulsar J2032 animation", "description": "Binary Pulsar J2032 animation || BinaryPulsar.png (1920x1080) [2.0 MB] || Cam1_00312_print.jpg (1024x576) [65.8 KB] || Cam1_00312_searchweb.png (320x180) [68.9 KB] || Cam1_00312_thm.png (80x40) [5.7 KB] || BinaryPulsar_1080p60.webm (1920x1080) [2.1 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_60p (1920x1080) [32.0 KB] || BinaryPulsar_1080p60.mp4 (1920x1080) [11.6 MB] || Bin_pulsar_442.mov (1920x1080) [534.0 MB] || Bin_pulsar_H264.mov (1920x1080) [315.4 MB] || ", "hits": 190 }, { "id": 11894, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11894/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-06-23T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "Turning Black Holes into Dark Matter Labs", "description": "This video introduces a new computer simulation exploring the connection between two of the most elusive phenomena in the universe, black holes and dark matter. In the visualization, dark matter particles are gray spheres attached to shaded trails representing their motion. Redder trails indicate particles more strongly affected by the black hole's gravitation and closer to its event horizon (black sphere at center, mostly hidden by trails). The ergosphere, where all matter and light must follow the black hole's spin, is shown in teal. Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterFor complete transcript, click here. || DMBH_Still.jpg (1920x1080) [555.7 KB] || 11894_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_H264_Good_1920x1080_2997.webm (1920x1080) [25.0 MB] || 11894_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_ProRes_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [3.1 GB] || 11894_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_MPEG4_1920X1080_2997.mp4 (1920x1080) [135.4 MB] || 11894_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_H264_Best_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [2.1 GB] || 11894_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_H264_Good_1920x1080_2997.mov (1920x1080) [356.2 MB] || G2015-040_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_appletv.m4v (960x540) [93.0 MB] || G2015-040_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [103.5 MB] || G2015-040_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_appletv_subtitles.m4v (960x540) [92.9 MB] || G2015-040_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [37.6 MB] || 11894_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_SRT_Captions.en_us.en_US.srt [4.2 KB] || 11894_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_SRT_Captions.en_us.en_US.vtt [4.2 KB] || G2015-040_Dark_Matter_Black_Hole_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [20.1 MB] || ", "hits": 242 }, { "id": 11877, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11877/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-05-26T15:00:00-04:00", "title": "Water Falls: Getting the Big Picture", "description": "A short video the explores the uses and advantages of remote sensing.Complete transcripts are available in English and Brazilian Portuguese. || Remote_Sensing_Final-H264_Best_1080_print.jpg (1024x576) [69.4 KB] || Remote_Sensing_Final-H264_Best_1080_searchweb.png (180x320) [41.4 KB] || Remote_Sensing_Final-H264_Best_1080_web.png (320x180) [41.4 KB] || Remote_Sensing_Final-H264_Best_1080_thm.png (80x40) [5.7 KB] || Remote_Sensing_Final-H264_Best_1080.mov (1920x1080) [695.5 MB] || Remote_Sensing_Final-H264_Best_1080.webm (1920x1080) [20.7 MB] || Remote_Sensing_Final_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [67.5 MB] || 11877_Remote_Sensing_Final_large.mp4 (1920x1080) [195.3 MB] || Remote_Sensing_Final_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [87.0 MB] || Remote_Sensing_Final_appletv.m4v (960x540) [64.7 MB] || Remote_Sensing_Final_prores.mov (1280x720) [1.9 GB] || Remote_Sensing_Final_appletv_subtitles.m4v (960x540) [64.6 MB] || 11877_RemoteSensing.pt_BR.vtt [4.1 KB] || 11877_RemoteSensing.pt_BR.srt [4.4 KB] || RemoteSensing.en_US.vtt [3.5 KB] || RemoteSensing.en_US.srt [3.5 KB] || Remote_Sensing_Final_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [29.0 MB] || Remote_Sensing_Final_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [15.2 MB] || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 30596, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30596/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2015-04-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA Soil Moisture Mission Produces First Global Maps", "description": "SMAP radiometer image. || SMAP_brightness_temperature_PIA18057_print.jpg (1024x574) [154.9 KB] || SMAP_brightness_temperature_PIA18057.png (4104x2304) [5.3 MB] || SMAP_brightness_temperature_PIA18057_web.jpg (319x179) [20.4 KB] || SMAP_brightness_temperature_PIA18057_searchweb.png (320x180) [65.2 KB] || SMAP_brightness_temperature_PIA18057.pptx [2.6 MB] || SMAP_brightness_temperature_PIA18057.key [8.7 MB] || SMAP_brightness_temperature_PIA18057.hwshow [121 bytes] || ", "hits": 27 }, { "id": 11808, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11808/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2015-03-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Dr. John Mather Presentation: Traveling in Space and Time with the James Webb Space Telescope", "description": "Dr. John Mather presents - Traveling in Space and Time and the JamesWebb Telescope (TRT: 60 minutes) || John_Mather_Thumbnail_2_print.jpg (1024x576) [120.5 KB] || John_Mather_Thumbnail_2_searchweb.png (320x180) [83.6 KB] || John_Mather_Thumbnail_2_web.png (320x180) [83.6 KB] || John_Mather_Thumbnail_2_thm.png (80x40) [6.1 KB] || Mather_Presentation-1280x720-h264.webm (1280x720) [374.6 MB] || Mather_Presentation-1280x720-h264.mov (1280x720) [2.9 GB] || Mather_Presentation-720p_ProRes_master.mov (1280x720) [52.2 GB] || Mather_Presentation-640x360-h264.mov (640x360) [2.4 GB] || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 10278, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10278/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-12-15T13:29:00-05:00", "title": "NASA's Fermi Helps Scientists Study Gamma-ray Thunderstorms", "description": "New research merging Fermi data with information from ground-based radar and lightning networks shows that terrestrial gamma-ray flashes arise from an unexpected diversity of storms and may be more common than currently thought. Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel. For complete transcript, click here. || Florida_TGF_still_print.jpg (1024x576) [115.1 KB] || Florida_TGF_still.jpg (1280x720) [169.4 KB] || Florida_TGF_still_thm.png (80x40) [8.7 KB] || Florida_TGF_still_searchweb.png (320x180) [75.0 KB] || Florida_TGF_still_web.jpg (320x180) [20.8 KB] || G2014-107_Fermi_TGF_Radar_FINAL_appletv_subtitles.m4v (960x540) [66.4 MB] || 10278_Fermi_TGF_Radar_ProRes_1280x720_5994.mov (1280x720) [2.7 GB] || G2014-107_Fermi_TGF_Radar_FINAL_appletv.webm (960x540) [21.7 MB] || G2014-107_Fermi_TGF_Radar_FINAL_appletv.m4v (960x540) [66.5 MB] || 10278_Fermi_TGF_Radar_MPEG4_1280X720_2997.mp4 (1280x720) [36.8 MB] || G2014-107_Fermi_TGF_Radar_FINAL_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [62.5 MB] || 10278_Fermi_TGF_Radar_H264_Good_1280x720_2997.mov (1280x720) [65.2 MB] || 10278_Fermi_TGF_Radar_H264_Best_1280x720_5994.mov (1280x720) [801.8 MB] || G2014-107_Fermi_TGF_Radar_FINAL_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [28.5 MB] || 10278_Fermi_TGF_Radar_SRT_Captions.en_US.vtt [3.7 KB] || 10278_Fermi_TGF_Radar_SRT_Captions.en_US.srt [3.7 KB] || G2014-107_Fermi_TGF_Radar_FINAL_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [13.0 MB] || ", "hits": 84 }, { "id": 10171, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10171/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-11-20T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "Swift: A Decade of Game-Changing Astrophysics", "description": "Scientists participating in NASA's Swift mission discuss the spacecraft, the science, and recall their personal experiences as members of the team.Watch this video on the NASA Goddard YouTube channel.For complete transcript, click here. || Swift_Interview_Still_print.jpg (1024x576) [160.8 KB] || Swift_Interview_Still.png (2560x1440) [4.1 MB] || Swift_Interview_Still_web.jpg (180x320) [21.2 KB] || Swift_Interview_Still_thm.png (80x40) [9.1 KB] || Swift_Interview_Still_web.png (320x180) [95.3 KB] || Swift_Interview_Still_searchweb.png (180x320) [95.3 KB] || Swift_10_Interviews_MPEG4_1280X720_2997.mp4 (1280x720) [149.1 MB] || G2014-067_Swift_10_Interviews_FINAL_appletv.webmhd.webm (960x540) [98.0 MB] || G2014-067_Swift_10_Interviews_FINAL_appletv.m4v (960x540) [257.7 MB] || G2014-067_Swift_10_Interviews_FINAL_appletv_subtitles.m4v (960x540) [257.5 MB] || G2014-067_Swift_10_Interviews_FINAL_1280x720.wmv (1280x720) [292.3 MB] || Swift_10_Interviews_H264_Good_1280x720_2997.mov (1280x720) [551.2 MB] || Swift_10_Interviews_H264_640x360_2997_iPhone.m4v (640x360) [94.6 MB] || G2014-067_Swift_10_Interviews.en_US.srt [11.7 KB] || G2014-067_Swift_10_Interviews.en_US.vtt [11.7 KB] || G2014-067_Swift_10_Interviews_FINAL_ipod_lg.m4v (640x360) [102.9 MB] || G2014-067_Swift_10_Interviews_FINAL_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [51.9 MB] || Swift_10_Interviews_H264_Best_1280x720_5994.mov (1280x720) [3.9 GB] || Swift_10_Interviews_ProRes_1280x720_5994.mov (1280x720) [8.7 GB] || ", "hits": 91 }, { "id": 11713, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11713/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-10-21T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "Fermi Finds Hints of Starquakes in Magnetar 'Storm'", "description": "Astronomers analyzing data acquired by NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope during a rapid-fire \"storm\" of high-energy blasts in 2009 have discovered underlying signals related to seismic waves rippling throughout the host neutron star.The burst storm came from SGR J1550−5418, a neutron star with a super-strong magnetic field, also known as a magnetar. Located about 15,000 light-years away in the constellation Norma, the magnetar was quiet until October 2008, when it entered a period of eruptive activity that ended in April 2009. At times, the object produced hundreds of bursts in as little as 20 minutes, and the most intense explosions emitted more total energy than the sun does in 20 years. High-energy instruments on many spacecraft, including NASA's Swift and Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, detected hundreds of gamma-ray and X-ray blasts.An examination of 263 individual bursts detected by Fermi's Gamma-ray Burst Monitor confirms vibrations in the frequency ranges previously only seen in rare giant flares from magnetars. Astronomers suspect these are twisting oscillations of the star where the crust and the core, bound by the magnetic field, vibrate together. In addition, a single burst showed an oscillation at a frequency never seen before and which scientists still do not understand.While there are many efforts to describe the interiors of neutron stars, scientists lack enough observational detail to choose between differing models. Neutron stars reach densities far beyond the reach of laboratories and their interiors may exceed the density of an atomic nucleus by as much as 10 times. Knowing more about how bursts shake up these stars will give theorists an important new window into understanding their internal structure.Magnetar Burst with Torsional Waves || ", "hits": 105 }, { "id": 11669, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11669/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-10-06T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "HIWRAP Instrument", "description": "The HIWRAP is the High-Altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler, a \"conically scanning\" Doppler radar, meaning it scans in a cone-shaped manner. Wind measurements are crucial for understanding and forecasting tropical storms since they are closely tied to the overall dynamics of the storm. The HIWRAP instrument is able to measure line-of-sight (along the radar beam) and because it scans in a cone beneath the aircraft, it gets two looks at most parts of the storm, allowing calculations of the 3-dimensional wind and rain fields. In the absence of rain, it can also measure ocean surface winds. || ", "hits": 27 }, { "id": 4212, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4212/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-09-30T15:00:00-04:00", "title": "Comet Siding Spring wide shots", "description": "These visualizations show MAVEN and Comet Siding Spring making their way through the solar system to a close encounter near Mars. Two wide angle views are included. The first one maintains a fixed camera above the ecliptic plane of the solar system. The second one moves the camera in a bit closer and more parallel with the ecliptic plane as the comet and MAVEN encounter the Martian region. || ", "hits": 36 }, { "id": 11608, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11608/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-07-31T14:00:00-04:00", "title": "Fermi Reveals Novae as a New Class of Gamma-Ray Sources", "description": "Observations of four stellar eruptions, called novae, by NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope firmly establish that these relatively common outbursts nearly always produce gamma rays, the most energetic form of light. A nova is a sudden, short-lived brightening of an otherwise inconspicuous star caused by a thermonuclear explosion on the surface of a white dwarf, a compact star not much larger than Earth. Novae occur because a stream of gas flowing from the star continually piles up into a layer on the white dwarf's surface. This layer eventually reaches a flash point and detonates in a runaway thermonuclear explosion. Each nova releases up to 100,000 times the annual energy output of our sun. Prior to Fermi, no one suspected these outbursts were capable of producing high-energy gamma rays. Such emission, with energies millions of times greater than visible light, usually is associated with far more powerful cosmic blasts.Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT) scored its first nova detection in March 2010 with an outburst of V407 Cygni. In this rare type of system, a white dwarf interacts with a red giant star more than a hundred times the size of our sun. Other members of this unusual stellar class have been observed to \"go nova\" every few decades.In 2012 and 2013, the LAT found three much more typical, or \"classical,\" novae: V339 Delphini in 2013 and V1324 Scorpii and V959 Monocerotis in 2012. The outbursts occurred in comparatively common systems where a white dwarf and a sun-like star orbit each other every few hours. Astronomers estimate that between 20 and 50 novae occur each year in our galaxy. Most go undetected, their visible light obscured by intervening dust and their gamma rays dimmed by distance. All of the gamma-ray novae found so far lie between 9,000 and 15,000 light-years away, which is relatively nearby compared to our galaxy's size.One explanation for the gamma-ray emission is that the blast creates multiple shock waves, which expand into space at slightly different speeds. Faster shocks could interact with slower ones, accelerating particles to near the speed of light. These particles ultimately could produce gamma rays. || ", "hits": 137 }, { "id": 11567, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11567/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-07-22T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "PSR J1023, A 'Transformer' Pulsar—Animations", "description": "Pulsar J1023 is a member of an exceptional binary system containing a rapidly spinning neutron star. In June 2013, the pulsar underwent a dramatic change in behavior never before observed. Its radio beacon vanished, while at the same time the system brightened significantly in gamma rays, the highest-energy form of light.The stellar system, known as AY Sextantis and located about 4,400 light-years away in the constellation Sextans, pairs a 1.7-millisecond pulsar named PSR J1023+0038 — J1023 for short — with a star containing about one-fifth the mass of the sun. The stars complete an orbit in only 4.8 hours, which places them so close together that a high-energy \"wind\" of charged particles from the pulsar is gradually evaporating its companion. What's happening, astronomers say, are the last sputtering throes of the pulsar spin-up process, where a flow of matter from the companion has, over millions of years, dramatically increased the pulsar's rotation. J1023 now spins at about 35,000 rpm, but the gas stream from the companion is no longer continuous. Researchers regard the system as a unique laboratory for understanding how millisecond pulsars form and for studying details of how accretion takes place on neutron stars. || ", "hits": 291 }, { "id": 11609, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11609/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-07-22T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA's Fermi Catches a 'Transformer' Pulsar", "description": "In late June 2013, an exceptional binary system containing a rapidly spinning neutron star underwent a dramatic change in behavior never before observed. The pulsar's radio beacon vanished, while at the same time the system brightened fivefold in gamma rays, the most powerful form of light, according to measurements by NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope.The system, known as AY Sextantis, is located about 4,400 light-years away in the constellation Sextans. It pairs a 1.7-millisecond pulsar named PSR J1023+0038 — J1023 for short — with a star containing about one-fifth the mass of the sun. The stars complete an orbit in only 4.8 hours, which places them so close together that the pulsar will gradually evaporate its companion. To better understand J1023's spin and orbital evolution, the system was routinely monitored in radio. These observations revealed that the pulsar's radio signal had turned off and prompted the search for an associated change in its gamma-ray properties.What's happening, astronomers say, are the last sputtering throes of the pulsar spin-up process. Researchers regard the system as a unique laboratory for understanding how millisecond pulsars form and for studying details of how accretion takes place on neutron stars. In J1023, the stars are close enough that a stream of gas flows from the sun-like star toward the pulsar. The pulsar's rapid rotation and intense magnetic field are responsible for both the radio beam and its powerful pulsar wind. When the radio beam is detectable, the pulsar wind holds back the companion's gas stream, preventing it from approaching too closely. But now and then the stream surges, pushing its way closer to the pulsar and establishing an accretion disk. When gas from the disk falls to an altitude of about 50 miles (80 km), processes involved in creating the radio beam are either shut down or, more likely, obscured. Some of the gas may be accelerated outward at nearly the speed of light, forming dual particle jets firing in opposite directions. Shock waves within and along the periphery of these jets are a likely source of the bright gamma-ray emission detected by Fermi. || ", "hits": 151 }, { "id": 11563, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11563/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-06-10T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Black Hole 'Batteries' Keep Blazars Going and Going", "description": "Astronomers studying two classes of black-hole-powered galaxies monitored by NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope have found evidence that they represent different sides of the same cosmic coin. By unraveling how these objects, called blazars, are distributed throughout the universe, the scientists suggest that apparently distinctive properties defining each class more likely reflect a change in the way the galaxies extract energy from their central black holes.Active galaxies possess extraordinarily luminous cores powered by black holes containing millions or even billions of times the mass of the sun. As gas falls toward these supermassive black holes, it settles into an accretion disk and heats up. Near the brink of the black hole, through processes not yet well understood, some of the gas blasts out of the disk in jets moving in opposite directions at nearly the speed of light. Blazars are the highest-energy type of active galaxy and emit light across the spectrum, from radio to gamma rays. Astronomers think blazars appear so intense because they happen to tip our way, bringing one jet nearly into our line of sight.Astronomers have identified two models in the blazar line. One, known as flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), show strong emission from an active accretion disk, much higher luminosities, smaller black hole masses and lower particle acceleration in the jets. The other, called BL Lacs, are totally dominated by the jet emission, with the jet particles reaching much higher energy and the accretion disk emission either weak or absent.Large galaxies grew out of collisions and mergers with many smaller galaxies, and this process occurs with greater frequency as we look back in time. These collisions provided plentiful gas to the growing galaxy and kept the gas stirred up so it could more easily reach the central black hole, where it piled up into a vast, hot, and bright accretion disk like those seen in \"gas-guzzling\" FSRQs. Some of the gas near the hole powers a jet while the rest falls in and gradually increases the black hole's spin.As the universe expands and the density of galaxies decreases, so do galaxy collisions and the fresh supply of gas they provide to the black hole. The accretion disk becomes depleted over time, but what's left is orbiting a faster-spinning and more massive black hole. These properties allow BL Lac objects to maintain a powerful jet even though relatively meager amounts of material are spiraling toward the black hole.In effect, the energy of accretion from the galaxy's days as an FSRQ becomes stored in the increasing rotation and mass of its black hole, which acts much like a battery. When the gas-rich accretion disk all but disappears, the blazar taps into the black hole's stored energy that, despite a lower accretion rate, allows it to continue operating its particle jet and producing high-energy emissions as a BL Lac object. || ", "hits": 107 }, { "id": 4163, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4163/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-05-29T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "GPM Senses East Coast Snow Storm on March 17th, 2014", "description": "The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission is a joint satellite mission between NASA and JAXA. GPM has the capability of differentiating between liquid and frozen precipitation. In this visualization we see a large east coast snow storm through the eyes of GPM. || ", "hits": 30 }, { "id": 4164, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4164/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-05-07T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "A Multi-Mission View of a Solar Flare: Optical to Gamma-rays", "description": "To improve our understanding of complex phenomena such as solar flares, a wide variety of tools are needed. In the case of astronomy, those tools enable us to analyze the light in many different wavelengths and many different ways.Many different instruments are observing the Sun almost continuously, both from space and on the surface of the Earth. On March 29, 2014, the Dunn Solar Telescope at Sacramento Peak, New Mexico was observing a solar active region and requested other observatories to watch as well. As a result of this coordination, the region was being observed by a large number of different instruments, ground and space-based, when it subsequently erupted with an X-class flare. This visualization presents various combinations of the datasets collected during this effort. The color text represents the dominant color of the dataset in the imagery.Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO): HMI (617.1nm). This data represents the Sun is visible light similar to how we see it from the ground.Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO): AIA (17.1nm). Solar ultraviolet emission, which can only be seen from space, reveals plasma flowing, and escaping, along magnetic fields.IRIS Slit-Jaw Imager: 140.0nm. This high-resolution imager also contains a slit (the dark vertical line in the center of the field) which directs the light to an ultraviolet spectrometer which is used to extract even more information about the light. The imager slews back-and-forth across the region, providing spectra over a larger area of the Sun.Hinode/X-ray Telescope: x-ray band. Indicates very hot plasma.RHESSI: 50-100 keV. High-energy gamma-ray emission. Emission from these locations represent the very highest energy photons from the flare event.Dunn Solar Telescope: G-band filter. This filter, showing much of the solar surface (photosphere) in visible light, provides a detailed view of the sunspots and convection cells. The view moves because the instrument was repointed several times during the observation.Dunn Solar Telescope: IBIS ( Hydrogen alpha, 656.3nm; Calcium 854.2 nm; Iron 630.15nm). This is the small rectangular view within the Dunn Solar Telescope G-band view. This instrument can tune the wavelength during the observation, which provides views of the solar atmosphere at different depths. || ", "hits": 71 }, { "id": 11513, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11513/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-04-03T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "Fermi Hints at Dark Matter", "description": "Using public data from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, independent scientists at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Harvard University, MIT and the University of Chicago have developed new maps showing that the galactic center produces more high-energy gamma rays than can be explained by known sources and that this excess emission is consistent with some forms of dark matter. No one knows the true nature of dark matter, but WIMPs, or Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, represent a leading class of candidates. Theorists have envisioned a wide range of WIMP types, some of which may either mutually annihilate or produce an intermediate, quickly decaying particle when they collide. Both of these pathways end with the production of gamma rays — the most energetic form of light — at energies within the detection range of Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT).The galactic center teems with gamma-ray sources, from interacting binary systems and isolated pulsars to supernova remnants and particles colliding with interstellar gas. It's also where astronomers expect to find the galaxy's highest density of dark matter, which only affects normal matter and radiation through its gravity. Large amounts of dark matter attract normal matter, forming a foundation upon which visible structures, like galaxies, are built. When the astronomers carefully subtract all known gamma-ray sources from LAT observations of the galactic center, a patch of leftover emission remains. This excess appears most prominent at energies between 1 and 3 billion electron volts (GeV) — roughly a billion times greater than that of visible light — and extends outward at least 5,000 light-years from the galactic center. The researchers find these features difficult to reconcile with other explanations proposed, such as undiscovered pulsars. The gamma-ray spectrum of the excess, its symmetry around the galactic center and its overall brightness, is, however, consistent with annihilations of dark matter particles in the mass range of 31 and 40 GeV. The scientists note that discoveries in other astronomical objects, such as dwarf galaxies, and experiments on Earth designed to directly detect dark matter particles will be needed to confirm this interpretation. For more information: Fermi Data Tantalize With New Clues To Dark Matter || ", "hits": 86 }, { "id": 4153, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4153/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-03-25T01:00:00-04:00", "title": "GPM/GMI First Light", "description": "Eleven days after the Feb. 27 launch of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory, the two instruments aboard took their first joint images of an interesting precipitation event. On March 10, the Core Observatory passed over an extra-tropical cyclone about 1055 miles (1700 kilometers) due east of Japan's Honshu Island. The storm formed from the collision of a cold front wrapping around a warm front, emerging over the ocean near Okinawa on March 8. It moved northeast over the ocean south of Japan, drawing cold air west-to-east over the land, a typical winter weather pattern that also brought heavy snow over Hokkaido, the northernmost of the four main islands. After the GPM images were taken, the storm continued to move eastward, slowly intensifying before weakening in the central North Pacific.This visualization shows data from the GPM Microwave Imager, which observes different types of precipitation with 13 channels. Scientists analyze that data and then use it to calculate the light to heavy rain rates and falling snow within the storm.For more information on this topic: GPM web siteOther multimedia items related to this story: GPM GMI First Light (#11508) GPM DPR First Light (#11509) || ", "hits": 44 }, { "id": 11508, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11508/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-03-25T01:00:00-04:00", "title": "GPM GMI First Light", "description": "On March 10, the Core Observatory passed over an extra-tropical cyclone about 1055 miles (1700 kilometers) due east of Japan's Honshu Island. This visualization shows data from the GPM Microwave Imager, which observes different types of precipitation with 13 channels. Scientists analyze that data and then use it to calculate the light to heavy rain rates and falling snow within the storm. || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 11492, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11492/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-02-23T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "GPM Weather Report Package", "description": "Data from the GPM Core Observatory will enable the first ever \"CAT scans\" from space of blizzards in the mid-latitudes where populations rely on snowpack for water resources and cities can be crippled by extreme snow storms. Just like a doctor uses CAT scans and X-Rays to diagnose what is happening in the human body, scientists use GPM's measurements to diagnose the internal structures of precipitation. By providing more accurate and frequent observations of rain and snow, GPM enables weather prediction centers to improve their forecasts.For more information about GPM, visit www.nasa.gov/gpm. || ", "hits": 28 }, { "id": 11215, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11215/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-02-20T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "PSR J1311-3430 'Black Widow' Pulsar Animations", "description": "The essential features of black widow binaries, and their cousins, known as redbacks, are that they place a normal but very low-mass star in close proximity to a millisecond pulsar, which has disastrous consequences for the star. Black widow systems contain stars that are both physically smaller and of much lower mass than those found in redbacks.So far, astronomers have found at least 18 black widows and nine redbacks within the Milky Way, and additional members of each class have been discovered within the dense globular star clusters that orbit our galaxy. These animations show artist's impressions of one system, named PSR J1311-3430. Discovered in 2012, J1311 sets the record for the tightest orbit of its class and contains one of the heaviest neutron stars known. The pulsar's featherweight companion, which is only a dozen or so times the mass of Jupiter and just 60 percent of its size, completes an orbit every 93 minutes – less time than it takes to watch most movies. Recent studies allow a range of values extending down to 2 solar masses for the pulsar, still among the highest-known for neutron stars. || ", "hits": 344 }, { "id": 11216, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11216/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-02-20T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "Black Widow Pulsars Consume Their Mates", "description": "Black widow spiders and their Australian cousins, known as redbacks, are notorious for an unsettling tendency to kill and devour their male partners. Astronomers have noted similar behavior among two rare breeds of binary system that contain rapidly spinning neutron stars, also known as pulsars. The essential features of black widow and redback binaries are that they place a normal but very low-mass star in close proximity to a millisecond pulsar, which has disastrous consequences for the star. Black widow systems contain stars that are both physically smaller and of much lower mass than those found in redbacks.So far, astronomers have found at least 18 black widows and nine redbacks within the Milky Way, and additional members of each class have been discovered within the dense globular star clusters that orbit our galaxy. One black widow system, named PSR J1311-3430 and discovered in 2012, sets the record for the tightest orbit of its class and contains one of the heaviest neutron stars known. The pulsar's featherweight companion, which is only a dozen or so times the mass of Jupiter and just 60 percent of its size, completes an orbit every 93 minutes – less time than it takes to watch most movies. The side of the star facing the pulsar is heated to more than 21,000 degrees Fahrenheit (nearly 12,000 C), or more than twice as hot as the sun's surface. Recent studies allow a range of values extending down to 2 solar masses for the pulsar, making it one of the most massive neutron stars known. Watch the video to learn more about this system and its discovery from some of the scientists involved. || ", "hits": 89 }, { "id": 11437, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11437/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-01-06T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "First Gamma-ray Measurement of a Gravitational Lens", "description": "Astronomers using NASA's Fermi observatory have made the first gamma-ray measurements of a gravitational lens, a kind of natural telescope formed when a rare cosmic alignment allows the gravity of a massive object to bend and amplify light from a more distant source.The opportunity arose in September 2012, when Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT) detected a series of bright gamma-ray flares from a source known as B0218+357, located 4.35 billion light-years away in the constellation Triangulum. These powerful outbursts in a known gravitational lens provided the key to making the measurement. Astronomers classify B0218+357 as a blazar, a type of active galaxy noted for intense outbursts. At the blazar's heart is a supersized black hole with a mass millions to billions of times that of the sun. As matter spirals toward this black hole, some of it blasts outward as jets of particles traveling near the speed of light in opposite directions.Long before light from B0218+357 reaches us, it passes directly through a spiral galaxy – one much like our own – located 4.03 billion light-years away. The galaxy's gravity bends the light into different paths, so astronomers see the background blazar as dual images. But these paths aren't the same length, which means that when one image flares, there's a delay of many days before the other does.While radio and optical telescopes can resolve and monitor the individual blazar images, Fermi's LAT cannot. Instead, the Fermi team exploited the playback delay between the images. In September 2012, when the blazar's flaring activity made it the brightest gamma-ray source outside of our own galaxy, Fermi scientists took advantage of the opportunity by using a week of dedicated LAT time to hunt for delayed flares. Three episodes of flares showing playback delays of 11.46 days were found, with the strongest evidence in a sequence of flares captured during the week-long LAT observations. || ", "hits": 105 }, { "id": 30357, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30357/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-12-22T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Computer-simulated Global View of Venus", "description": "This global view of the surface of Venus is centered at 180 degrees east longitude. Magellan synthetic aperture radar mosaics from the first cycle of Magellan mapping are mapped onto a computer-simulated globe to create this image. Data gaps are filled with Pioneer Venus Orbiter data, or a constant mid-range value. Simulated color is used to enhance small-scale structure. The simulated hues are based on color images recorded by the Soviet Venera 13 and 14 spacecraft. || ", "hits": 123 }, { "id": 11432, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11432/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-12-09T17:28:00-05:00", "title": "Briefing Materials: Taking Landsat to the Extreme", "description": "At 2:30pm (PST) on Monday, Dec. 9, 2013, there was be a press conference as part of the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting.What is the coldest place in the world? It is a high ridge in Antarctica on the East Antarctic Plateau where temperatures in several hollows can dip below minus 133.6° Fahrenheit (minus 92° Celsius) on a clear winter night – colder than the previous recorded low temperature.Scientists at the National Snow and Ice Data Center made the discovery while analyzing the most detailed global surface temperature maps to date, developed with data from remote sensing satellites including the MODIS sensor on NASA's Aqua satellite, and the TIRS sensor on Landsat 8, a joint project of NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).The researchers analyzed 32 years of data from several satellite instruments that have mapped Antarctica's surface temperature. Near a high ridge that runs from Dome Arugs to Dome Fuji, the scientists found clusters of pockets that have plummeted to record low temperatures dozens of times. The lowest temperature the satellites detected – minus 136° F (minus 93.2° C), on Aug. 10, 2010.The new record is several degrees colder than the previous low of minus 128.6° F (minus 89.2° C), set in 1983 at the Russian Vostok Research Station in East Antarctica. The coldest permanently inhabited place on Earth is northeastern Siberia, where temperatures dropped to a bone-chilling 90 degrees below zero F (minus 67.8° C) in the towns of Verkhoyansk (in 1892) and Oimekon (in 1933).Related feature story: http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/nasa-usgs-landsat-8-satellite-pinpoints-coldest-spots-on-earthBriefing SpeakersTed Scambos, National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA;Jim Irons, Landsat 8 Project Scientist, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland.Presenter 1: Ted Scambos || ", "hits": 125 }, { "id": 11407, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11407/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-11-21T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "Briefing Materials: NASA Missions Explore Record-Setting Cosmic Blast", "description": "On Thursday, Nov. 21, 2013, NASA held a media teleconference to discuss new findings related to a brilliant gamma-ray burst detected on April 27. Audio of the teleconference is available for download here.Related feature story: www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/nasa-sees-watershed-cosmic-blast-in-unique-detail/.Audio of Sylvia Zhu interview for a Science Podcast. Briefing Speakers Introduction: Paul Hertz, NASA Astrophysics Division Director, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C.Charles Dermer, astrophysicist, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.Thomas Vestrand, astrophysicist, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N.M.Chryssa Kouveliotou, astrophysicist, NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. Presenter 1: Charles Dermer || ", "hits": 125 }, { "id": 11398, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11398/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-11-05T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "GPM Video File", "description": "The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international satellite mission that will set a new standard for precipitation measurements from space, providing the next-generation observations of rain and snow worldwide every three hours. GPM data will advance our understanding of the water and energy cycles and extend the use of precipitation data to directly benefit society. JAXA, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, is NASA's main partner in GPM. GPM will launch in early 2014. || ", "hits": 20 }, { "id": 30358, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30358/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-22T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hemispheric View of Venus", "description": "The hemispheric view of Venus, as revealed by more than a decade of radar investigations culminating in the 1990-1994 Magellan mission, is centered at 180 degrees east longitude. The Magellan spacecraft imaged more than 98 percent of Venus at a resolution of about 100 meters; the effective resolution of this image is about 3 km. A mosaic of the Magellan images (most with illumination from the west) forms the image base. Gaps in the Magellan coverage were filled with images from the Earth-based Arecibo radar in a region centered roughly on 0 degree latitude and longitude, and with a neutral tone elsewhere (primarily near the south pole). The composite image was processed to improve contrast and to emphasize small features, and was color-coded to represent elevation. Gaps in the elevation data from the Magellan radar altimeter were filled with altimetry from the Venera spacecraft and the U.S. Pioneer Venus missions. An orthographic projection was used, simulating a distant view of one hemisphere of the planet. || ", "hits": 288 }, { "id": 30132, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30132/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "SOFIA views Orion in Mid-IR", "description": "This three-panel comparison of Orion's Messier 42 (M42) region is composed of a visible light image from the Hubble Space Telescope, a near-infrared image captured by the European Southern Observatory in Chile, and a mid-infrared mosaic image taken by SOFIA's Faint Object InfraRed Camera for the SOFIA Telescope, or FORCAST. The FORCAST image, a two-filter false-color composite (20 microns – green, 37 microns – red), reveals detailed structures in the clouds of star forming material, as well as heat radiating from a cluster of luminous newborn stars seen in the upper right. || ", "hits": 68 }, { "id": 30138, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30138/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "SOFIA view Jupiter in Infrared", "description": "Infrared image of Jupiter from SOFIA's First Light flight composed of individual images at wavelengths of 5.4 (blue), 24 (green) and 37 microns (red) made by Cornell University's FORCAST camera. Ground-based infrared observations are impossible at 5.4 and 37 microns and normally very difficult at 24 microns even from high mountaintop observatories such as Mauna Kea due to absorption by water and other molecules in Earth's atmosphere. The white stripe in the infrared image is a region of relatively transparent clouds through which the warm interior of Jupiter can be seen. A recent visual-wavelength picture of approximately the same side of Jupiter is shown for comparison. (Images are oriented with Jupiter's south pole at the top.) || ", "hits": 147 }, { "id": 30142, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30142/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "W3 Star-Forming Complex in Perseus by Spitzer and SOFIA", "description": "This mid-infrared image of the W3A star cluster in the inset was captured by the FORCAST camera on the SOFIA flying observatory in 2011. It is overlaid on a near-infrared image of the W3 star-forming region from the Spitzer space telescope. The SOFIA image scale is 150 x 100 arcseconds, and the red, green and blue colors represent 37, 20 and 7 μm. The red, green and blue colors in the background image from Spitzer represent 7.9, 4.5, 3.6 μm. || ", "hits": 31 }, { "id": 30173, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30173/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Observing wildfires using UAVSAR", "description": "Synthetic aperture radar systems that are able to transmit and receive multiple polarizations may provide useful information to help combat, and possibly detect, wildfires as this image of the 2009 Station Fire in the Angeles National Forest shows. The data shown here in a grayscale overlay represent the change in the component of the radar scattering that is attributable to leafy vegetation, with lighter shading representing greater changes than darker shading. The blue outline delineates the boundary of the total burned zone as determined by an independent survey conducted by the U.S. Forest Service. The radar data were collected by NASA's Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar system on February 27 and September 18, 2009 while most of the damage from the Station Fire occurred between August 26 and September 4, 2009. || ", "hits": 13 }, { "id": 30174, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30174/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Southern California Groundwater", "description": "This animation depicts variations in surface elevation resulting from the discharge and recharge of groundwater basins in Southern California. These seasonal fluctuations, which range between -5 and +5 centimeters (-2 to +2 inches), result from the pumping of groundwater during the dry season (Summer/Fall) and recharge of the basins during the wet season (Winter/Spring). Reductions in elevation, resulting from extraction of groundwater, are shown in orange, while increases in elevation, resulting from the recharge of the basins, are shown in blue. || ", "hits": 23 }, { "id": 30188, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30188/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-17T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Mount Etna Deformation", "description": "This animation depicts a time-series of ground deformation at Mount Etna Volcano between 1992 and 2001. The deformation results from changes in the volume of a shallow chamber centered approximately 5 km (3 miles) below sea level. The accumulation of magma in this chamber results in the inflation, or expansion, of the volcano, while the release of magma from the chamber results in deflation or contraction. || ", "hits": 26 }, { "id": 11311, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11311/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-08-21T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "Highlights of Fermi's First Five Years", "description": "This compilation summarizes the wide range of science from the first five years of NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Fermi is a NASA observatory designed to reveal the high-energy universe in never-before-seen detail. Launched in 2008, Fermi continues to give astronomers a unique tool for exploring high-energy processes associated with solar flares, spinning neutron stars, outbursts from black holes, exploding stars, supernova remnants and energetic particles to gain insight into how the universe works. Fermi detects gamma rays, the most powerful form of light, with energies thousands to billions of times greater than the visible spectrum.The mission has discovered pulsars, proved that supernova remnants can accelerate particles to near the speed of light, monitored eruptions of black holes in distant galaxies, and found giant bubbles linked to the central black hole in our own galaxy. From blazars to thunderstorms, from dark matter to supernova remnants, catch the highlights of NASA Fermi’s first five years in space.View all the Fermi-related media from the last 5 years in the Fermi Gallery.For more information about Fermi, visit NASA's Fermi webpage. || ", "hits": 61 }, { "id": 11342, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11342/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-08-21T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "Fermi's Five-year View of the Gamma-ray Sky", "description": "This all-sky view shows how the sky appears at energies greater than 1 billion electron volts (GeV) according to five years of data from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. (For comparison, the energy of visible light is between 2 and 3 electron volts.) The image contains 60 months of data from Fermi's Large Area Telescope; for better angular resolution, the map shows only gamma rays converted at the front of the instrument's tracker. Brighter colors indicate brighter gamma-ray sources. The map is shown in galactic coordinates, which places the midplane of our galaxy along the center. The five-year Fermi map is available in multiple resolutions below, along with additional plots containing reference information and identifying some of the brightest sources. || ", "hits": 236 }, { "id": 11206, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11206/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-06-14T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA-led Study Explains How Black Holes Shine in Hard X-rays", "description": "A new study by astronomers at NASA, Johns Hopkins University and the Rochester Institute of Technology confirms long-held suspicions about how stellar-mass black holes produce their highest-energy light. By analyzing a supercomputer simulation of gas flowing into a black hole, the team finds they can reproduce a range of important X-ray features long observed in active black holes. Jeremy Schnittman, an astrophysicist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., led the research.Black holes are the densest objects known. Stellar black holes form when massive stars run out of fuel and collapse, crushing up to 20 times the sun's mass into compact objects less than 75 miles (120 kilometers) wide. Gas falling toward a black hole initially orbits around it and then accumulates into a flattened disk. The gas stored in this disk gradually spirals inward and becomes greatly compressed and heated as it nears the center, ultimately reaching temperatures up to 20 million degrees Fahrenheit (12 million C), or some 2,000 times hotter than the sun's surface. It glows brightly in low-energy, or soft, X-rays.For more than 40 years, however, observations show that black holes also produce considerable amounts of \"hard\" X-rays, light with energy tens to hundreds of times greater than soft X-rays. This higher-energy light implies the presence of correspondingly hotter gas, with temperatures reaching billions of degrees. The new study involves a detailed computer simulation that simultaneously tracked the fluid, electrical and magnetic properties of the gas while also taking into account Einstein's theory of relativity. Using this data, the scientists developed tools to track how X-rays were emitted, absorbed, and scattered in and around the disk. The study demonstrates for the first time a direct connection between magnetic turbulence in the disk, the formation of a billion-degree corona above and below the disk, and the production of hard X-rays around an actively \"feeding\" black hole.Watch this video on YouTube. || ", "hits": 185 }, { "id": 11288, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11288/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-05-31T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Anatomy of a Raindrop", "description": "This short video explains how a raindrop falls through the atmosphere and why a more accurate look at raindrops can improve estimates of global precipitation.For a printable droplet hand out click here. || ", "hits": 41 }, { "id": 11260, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11260/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-05-29T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA's Swift Catches an Anti-glitch from a Neutron Star", "description": "Using observations by NASA's Swift satellite, an international team of astronomers has identified an abrupt slowdown in the rotation of a neutron star. The discovery holds important clues for understanding some of the densest matter in the universe.While astronomers have witnessed hundreds of events, called glitches, associated with sudden increases in the spin of neutron stars, the sudden spin-down caught them off guard. A neutron star is the crushed core of a massive star that ran out of fuel, collapsed under its own weight, and exploded as a supernova. It's the closest thing to a black hole that astronomers can observe directly, compressing half a million times Earth's mass into a ball roughly the size of Manhattan Island. Matter within a neutron star is so dense that a teaspoonful would weigh about a billion tons on Earth. Neutron stars possess two other important traits. They spin rapidly, ranging from a few rpm to as many as 43,000, comparable to the blades of a kitchen blender, and they boast magnetic fields a trillion times stronger than Earth's. About two dozen neutron stars occasionally produce high-energy explosions that astronomers say require magnetic fields thousands of times stronger than expected. These exceptional objects, called magnetars, are routinely monitored by a McGill team led by Kaspi using Swift's X-Ray Telescope.Read the rest of the story here. || ", "hits": 203 }, { "id": 11261, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11261/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-05-03T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "NASA's Fermi, Swift See 'Shockingly Bright' Gamma-ray Burst", "description": "A record-setting blast of gamma rays from a dying star in a distant galaxy has wowed astronomers around the world. The eruption, which is classified as a gamma-ray burst, or GRB, and designated GRB 130427A, produced the highest-energy light ever detected from such an event.The GRB lasted so long that a record number of telescopes on the ground were able to catch it while space-based observations were still ongoing.Just after 3:47 a.m. EDT on Saturday, April 27, Fermi's Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) triggered on an eruption of high-energy light in the constellation Leo. The burst occurred as NASA's Swift satellite was slewing between targets, which delayed its Burst Alert Telescope's detection by less than a minute. Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT) recorded one gamma ray with an energy of at least 94 billion electron volts (GeV), or some 35 billion times the energy of visible light, and about three times greater than the LAT's previous record. The GeV emission from the burst lasted for hours, and it remained detectable by the LAT for the better part of a day, setting a new record for the longest gamma-ray emission from a GRB.The burst subsequently was detected in optical, infrared and radio wavelengths by ground-based observatories, based on the rapid accurate position from Swift. Astronomers quickly learned that the GRB was located about 3.6 billion light-years away, which for these events is relatively close.Gamma-ray bursts are the universe's most luminous explosions. Astronomers think most occur when massive stars run out of nuclear fuel and collapse under their own weight. As the core collapses into a black hole, jets of material shoot outward at nearly the speed of light. The jets bore all the way through the collapsing star and continue into space, where they interact with gas previously shed by the star and generate bright afterglows that fade with time. If the GRB is near enough, astronomers usually discover a supernova at the site a week or so after the outburst. This GRB is in the closest 5 percent of bursts, so ground-based observatories are monitoring its location in hopes of finding an underlying supernova. || ", "hits": 140 }, { "id": 11259, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11259/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-05-01T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "GROVER Heads to Greenland", "description": "NASA is ready to test a new student-designed rover at the Summit Camp in Greenland, a research station sitting on a two-mile thick sheet of ice. The Goddard Remotely Operated Vehicle for Exploration and Research, or GROVER, carries ground-penetrating radar capable of measuring snow accumulation over time. || ", "hits": 39 }, { "id": 11250, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11250/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-04-16T13:00:00-04:00", "title": "A Trio of Swift Bursts Form A New Class of GRBs", "description": "Three unusually long-lasting stellar explosions discovered by NASA's Swift satellite represent a previously unrecognized class of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Two international teams of astronomers studying these events conclude that they likely arose from the catastrophic death of supergiant stars hundreds of times larger than the sun. GRBs are the most luminous and mysterious explosions in the universe. The blasts emit surges of gamma rays — the most powerful form of light — as well as X-rays, and they produce afterglows that can be observed at optical and radio energies. Swift, Fermi and other spacecraft detect an average of about one GRB each day.Traditionally, astronomers have recognized two GRB types, short and long, based on the duration of the gamma-ray signal. Short bursts last two seconds or less and are thought to represent a merger of compact objects in a binary system, with the most likely suspects being neutron stars and black holes. Long GRBs may last anywhere from several seconds to several minutes, with typical durations falling between 20 and 50 seconds. These events are thought to be associated with the collapse of a star several times the sun's mass and the resulting birth of a new black hole. Both scenarios give rise to powerful jets that propel matter at nearly the speed of light in opposite directions. As they interact with matter in and around the star, the jets produce a spike of high-energy light. A detailed study of GRB 111209A, which erupted on Dec. 9, 2011, and continued to produce high-energy emission for an astonishing seven hours, making it by far the longest-duration GRB ever recorded.Another event, GRB 101225A, exploded on Christmas Day in 2010 and produced high-energy emission for at least two hours. Subsequently nicknamed the \"Christmas burst,\" the event's distance was unknown, which led two teams to arrive at radically different physical interpretations. One group concluded the blast was caused by an asteroid or comet falling onto a neutron star within our own galaxy. Another team determined that the burst was the outcome of a merger event in an exotic binary system located some 3.5 billion light-years away.Using the Gemini North Telescope in Hawaii, a team led by Andrew Levan at the University of Warwick in Coventry, England, obtained a spectrum of the faint galaxy that hosted the Christmas burst. This enabled the scientists to identify emission lines of oxygen and hydrogen and determine how much these lines were displaced to lower energies compared to their appearance in a laboratory. This difference, known to astronomers as a redshift, places the burst some 7 billion light-years away. Levan and his colleagues also examined 111209A and the more recent burst 121027A, which exploded on Oct. 27, 2012. All show similar X-ray, ultraviolet and optical emission and all arose from the central regions of compact galaxies that were actively forming stars. The astronomers conclude that all three GRBs constitute a hitherto unrecognized group of \"ultra-long\" bursts.To account for the normal class of long GRBs, astronomers envision a star similar to the size sun's size but with many times its mass. The mass must be high enough for the star to undergo an energy crisis, with its core ultimately running out of fuel and collapsing under its own weight to form a black hole. Some of the matter falling onto the nascent black hole becomes redirected into powerful jets that drill through the star, creating the gamma-ray spike, but because this burst is short-lived, the star must be comparatively small. Because ultra-long GRBs persist for periods up to 100 times greater than long GRBs, they require a stellar source of correspondingly greater physical size. Both groups suggest that the likely candidate is a supergiant, a star with about 20 times the sun's mass that still retains its deep hydrogen atmosphere, making it hundreds of times the sun's diameter.Watch this video on YouTube. || ", "hits": 132 }, { "id": 11253, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11253/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-04-16T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "GPM Instrument Animations", "description": "This conceptual animation shows the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) and the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) scanning through a cloud detecting various precipitation particles. || ", "hits": 41 }, { "id": 11221, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11221/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-04-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "GPM: Our Wet Wide World", "description": "The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) is an international satellite mission to provide next-generation observations of rain and snow worldwide every three hours. NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) will launch a \"Core\" satellite carrying advanced instruments that will set a new standard for precipitation measurements from space. The data they provide will be used to unify precipitation measurements made by an international network of partner satellites to quantify when, where, and how much it rains or snows around the world.The GPM mission will help advance our understanding of Earth's water and energy cycles, improve the forecasting of extreme events that cause natural disasters, and extend current capabilities of using satellite precipitation information to directly benefit society. || ", "hits": 34 }, { "id": 11219, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11219/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-04-07T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "GPM: For Good Measure", "description": "The need for measuring the when and where and how much of precipitation goes beyond our weekend plans. We also need to know precipitaiton on a global scale. Rain gauges and radars are useful but are inconsistent and do not cover enough of the globe to provide accurate precipitation rates. The GPM constellation will cover the globe and give us a more comprehensive look at precipitation. || ", "hits": 22 }, { "id": 11205, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11205/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2013-02-27T10:00:00-05:00", "title": "Fermi Traces a Celestial Spirograph", "description": "NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope orbits our planet every 95 minutes, building up increasingly deeper views of the universe with every circuit. Its wide-eyed Large Area Telescope (LAT) sweeps across the entire sky every three hours, capturing the highest-energy form of light — gamma rays — from sources across the universe. These range from supermassive black holes billions of light-years away to intriguing objects in our own galaxy, such as X-ray binaries, supernova remnants and pulsars. Now a Fermi scientist has transformed LAT data of a famous pulsar into a mesmerizing movie that visually encapsulates the spacecraft's complex motion. Pulsars are neutron stars, the crushed cores of massive suns that destroyed themselves when they ran out of fuel, collapsed and exploded. The blast simultaneously shattered the star and compressed its core into a body as small as a city yet more massive than the sun. One pulsar, called Vela, shines especially bright for Fermi. It spins 11 times a second and is the brightest persistent source of gamma rays the LAT sees. The movie renders Vela's position in a fisheye perspective, where the middle of the pattern corresponds to the central and most sensitive portion of the LAT's field of view. The edge of the pattern is 90 degrees away from the center and well beyond what scientists regard as the effective limit of the LAT's vision. The movie tracks both Vela's position relative to the center of the LAT's field of view and the instrument's exposure of the pulsar during the first 51 months of Fermi's mission, from Aug. 4, 2008, to Nov. 15, 2012. The pattern Vela traces reflects numerous motions of the spacecraft. The first is Fermi's 95-minute orbit around Earth, but there's another, subtler motion related to it. The orbit itself also rotates, a phenomenon called precession. Similar to the wobble of an unsteady top, Fermi's orbital plane makes a slow circuit around Earth every 54 days. In order to capture the entire sky every two orbits, scientists deliberately nod the LAT in a repeating pattern from one orbit to the next. It first looks north on one orbit, south on the next, and then north again. Every few weeks, the LAT deviates from this pattern to concentrate on particularly interesting targets, such as eruptions on the sun, brief but brilliant gamma-ray bursts associated with the birth of stellar-mass black holes, and outbursts from supermassive black holes in distant galaxies. The Vela movie captures one other Fermi motion. The spacecraft rolls to keep the sun from shining on and warming up the LAT's radiators, which regulate its temperature by bleeding excess heat into space.Watch this video on YouTube. || ", "hits": 46 } ] }