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        {
            "id": 5017,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5017/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2022-08-26T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "A Decade of Sea Surface Salinity",
            "description": "This data visualization shows sea surface salinity (i.e., ocean salt concentration) over a ten year period (2011 to 2021). Warm colors (orange to yellow) are areas of high salinity/hot tropics. Cooler colors (blue to violet) are fresher waters, many of which can be seen coming from rainy/river/wetter tropics. || salinity_v48_8k.4653_print.jpg (1024x512) [132.1 KB] || salinity_v48_8k.4653_searchweb.png (180x320) [80.5 KB] || salinity_v48_8k.4653_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || salinity_v49_1000p30.mp4 (2000x1000) [56.3 MB] || 2000x1000_2x1_60p (2000x1000) [0 Item(s)] || salinity_v49_1000p30.webm (2000x1000) [14.5 MB] || salinity_v49_1000p60.mp4 (2000x1000) [31.9 MB] || 8000x4000_2x1_60p (8000x4000) [0 Item(s)] || salinity_v49_8k_2000p30_h265.mp4 (4000x2000) [88.0 MB] || ",
            "hits": 741
        },
        {
            "id": 5020,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5020/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2022-08-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Sea Surface Salinity Trend",
            "description": "This data visualization shows the areas where sea surface salinity has increased (depicted in red) and descreased (depicted in blue) over ten years (2011 to 2021). || trend_2k.png (2000x1000) [870.4 KB] || trend_8k.png (8000x4000) [12.8 MB] || trend_4k.png (4000x2000) [3.3 MB] || trend_8k_print.jpg (1024x512) [169.6 KB] || trend_8k_searchweb.png (320x180) [88.8 KB] || trend_8k_thm.png (80x40) [8.2 KB] || trend_2k.tif (2000x1000) [50.0 MB] || trend_8k.tif (8000x4000) [94.0 MB] || trend_4k.tif (4000x2000) [193.2 MB] || sea-surface-salinity-trend.hwshow [258 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 117
        },
        {
            "id": 4628,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4628/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2018-03-23T13:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Sea Ice Maximum extent 2018",
            "description": "This visualization shows the Arctic sea ice as it expands from October 1, 2017 to its annual maximum extent that occurred on March 17th, 2018.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || SeaIceMax_2018.1071_print.jpg (1024x576) [195.9 KB] || SeaIceMax_2018_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [41.1 MB] || SeaIceMax_2018_2160p30.webm (3840x2160) [7.6 MB] || Sea_Ice_with_dates (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || SeaIceMax_2018_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [134.9 MB] || ArcticSeaIceMax_2018_YouTube_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [171.5 MB] || SeaIceMax_2018_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [216 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 27
        },
        {
            "id": 4562,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4562/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2017-03-22T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Minimum Antarctic Sea Ice 2017",
            "description": "This movie begins at the 2016 Antarctic maximum on August 31, 2016 and shows daily sea ice concentration until the Antarctic minimum on March 3, 2017.  The 2017 minimum had only 2.1 million square kilometers of sea ice extent below the previous lowest minimum extext in the satellite record that occurred in 1997. || SouthPoleSeaIce_max_min.3591_print.jpg (1024x576) [44.1 KB] || SouthPoleSeaIce_max_min.3591_searchweb.png (320x180) [39.9 KB] || SouthPoleSeaIce_max_min.3591_thm.png (80x40) [4.1 KB] || SouthPoleSeaIce_max_min.3591.tif (1920x1080) [1.5 MB] || SouthPole_Max_Min_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [19.9 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || SouthPole_Max_Min_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.7 MB] || SouthPole_Max_Min_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [191 bytes] || ",
            "hits": 41
        },
        {
            "id": 4520,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4520/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2016-11-10T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Early 2016 Winter Storm Melts Arctic Sea Ice",
            "description": "This visualization starts with a global view of the Western hemisphere. The viewer then moves in over the arctic on December 27, 2015. Winds and air temperature fade in as time moves forward. A low pressure system then moves in pushing warm air ahead of it. The warm air moves over the Arctic sea ice, contributing to dramatic melting of the sea ice concentration in this region. || arctic_cyclone_comp7.0710_print.jpg (1024x576) [214.4 KB] || arctic_cyclone_comp7.0710_searchweb.png (320x180) [121.2 KB] || arctic_cyclone_comp7.0710_thm.png (80x40) [7.4 KB] || arctic_cyclone_comp7_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [45.6 MB] || arctic_cyclone_comp7_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [28.2 MB] || comp (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || date_overlay (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || low_pressure_overlay (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || wind_overlay (1920x1080) [64.0 KB] || temperature_overlay (1920x1080) [128.0 KB] || country_names_overlay (1920x1080) [64.0 KB] || earth_with_sea_ice_background (1920x1080) [64.0 KB] || arctic_cyclone_comp7_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.9 MB] || arctic_cyclone_comp7_360p30.mp4 (640x360) [11.1 MB] || ",
            "hits": 41
        },
        {
            "id": 4368,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4368/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2015-10-20T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Maximum Antarctic Sea Ice 2015",
            "description": "Above is an image of the Antarctic sea ice on October 6, 2015, the day on which it reached its annual maximum extent.  The date is also displayed. || Antarctic_seaIce_max_2015_Date_noAve.7768_print.jpg (1024x576) [78.1 KB] || Antarctic_seaIce_max_2015_Date_noAve.7768_searchweb.png (320x180) [69.9 KB] || Antarctic_seaIce_max_2015_Date_noAve.7768_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || Antarctic_seaIce_max_2015_1080p_wDate_noAve.7768.tif (1920x1080) [2.0 MB] || Antarctic_seaIce_max_2015_Print_wDate_noAve.7768.tif (5760x3240) [15.1 MB] || ",
            "hits": 51
        },
        {
            "id": 4219,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4219/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2014-10-07T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Maximum Antarctic Sea Ice 2014",
            "description": "In this animation we see the Antarctic sea ice expansion from March, 21, 2014 through September 19, 2014, the date on which the sea ice reached its maximum annual extent. Over the water, the opacity of the sea ice is determined by a running 3-day maximum of the AMSR2 sea ice concentration. The blueish white color of the sea ice is a false color derived from a 3-day running minimum of the AMSR2 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the Antarctic continent, the LIMA data shown here uses the pan-chromatic band and has a resolution of 240 meters per pixel. || ",
            "hits": 41
        },
        {
            "id": 4104,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4104/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-09-20T11:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "2013 Daily Arctic Sea Ice from AMSR2: May - September 2013",
            "description": "The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) provides many water-related products derived from data acquired by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) instrument aboard the Global Change Observation Mission 1st-Water \"SHIZUKU\" (GCOM-W1) satellite. Two JAXA datasets used in this animation are the 10-km daily sea ice concentration and the 10 km daily 89 GHz Brightness Temperature.In 2013, the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) determined the Arctic sea ice reached its annual minimum of 5.1 million square kilometers on September 13, 2013 using a 5-day trailing average.  NASA scientists independently determined the  Arctic sea ice reached its annual minimum extent of 5.217 million square kilometers on September 12 using a 5-day running average. In this animation, the daily Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from May 16, 2013 through the minimum area of coverage for 2013.  Two movies are provided: one stopping on September 12 and one that continues to September 13.  Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day minimum sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white colour of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running minimum of the AMSR2 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the land, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. || ",
            "hits": 21
        },
        {
            "id": 4096,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4096/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-08-22T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Summer Arctic Sea Ice Retreat: May - August 2013",
            "description": "The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) provides many water-related products derived from data acquired by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) instrument aboard the Global Change Observation Mission 1st-Water \"SHIZUKU\" (GCOM-W1) satellite. Two JAXA datasets used in this animation are the 10-km daily sea ice concentration and the 10 km daily 89 GHz Brightness Temperature.In this animation, the daily Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from May 16, 2013 through August 15, 2013. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day minimum sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running minimum of the AMSR2 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. || ",
            "hits": 17
        },
        {
            "id": 3813,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3813/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice for the Dynamic Earth Dome Show",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. This animation first shows the advance and retreat of the Arctic sea ice followed by same for the Antarctic sea ice. The sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day average sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running miniimum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. The animation ends by flying over the Antarctic Peninsula.This was created for a planetarium dome show called Dynamic Earth and is produced in 'domemaster format'. The domemaster format was created by rendering 7 separate 2048x2048 camera tiles. The tiles were then stitched together to form final domemaster at 4096x4096 resolution. Both the tiles and the domemaster were rendered with 16 bits per channel with no gamma correction. Two domemaster layers were generated for this animation: the Earth showing sea ice advancing or retreating rendered with transparency and the star background without transparency.This visualization was shown in the \"VR Village\" at SIGGRAPH 2015. || ",
            "hits": 82
        },
        {
            "id": 3992,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3992/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2012-09-19T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Daily Sea Ice during Aug & Sept 2012 with Winds",
            "description": "Early in the month of August, 2012, storms in the Arctic affected the motion of the sea ice north of Siberia and Alaska. This animation shows the motion of the winds over the Arctic in conjunction with seasonal melting of the Arctic sea ice from August 1 through September 13, 2012, when the NASA scientists determined that the sea ice reached its annual minimum extent. The surface winds, shown my moving arrows, are colored by the velocity. Slower winds are shown in blue, medium in green and the fast winds are shown in red.Note: Scientists at the National Snow and Ice Data Center, who calculate the sea ice minimum based on a 5-day trailing average, identified September 16 as the date when the lowest minimum extent occurred. NASA scientists who calculate area on each individual day identified September 13th as the date of the minimum sea ice, although there is little difference in size between the two days. || ",
            "hits": 21
        },
        {
            "id": 3853,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3853/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-10-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from September 4, 2009 through January 30, 2011. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day average sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running miniimum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. || ",
            "hits": 17
        },
        {
            "id": 3854,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3854/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-10-24T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Antarctic Sea Ice",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Antarctic sea ice progresses through time from May 26, 2009 through July 31, 2010. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day average sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running minimum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the Antarctic continent, the LIMA data shown here uses the pan-chromatic band and has a resolution of 240 meters per pixel. The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA) is a data product funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and jointly produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). || ",
            "hits": 29
        },
        {
            "id": 3862,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3862/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-09-29T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Seasonal Antarctic Sea Ice",
            "description": "Antarctica is a land mass surrounded by an ocean which allows the sea ice here to move more freely than it does in the Northern Hemisphere. Because there are no surrounding continents to limit its movement, the sea ice is free to float northward into warmer waters where it eventually melts. As a result, almost all of the sea ice that forms during the Antarctic winter melts during the summer. During the winter, up to 18 million square kilometers (6.9 million square miles) of ocean is covered by sea ice, but by the end of summer, only about 3 million square kilometers (1.1 million square miles) of sea ice remain. Antarctic sea ice extent are characterized by fairly large variations from year to year. The monthly average extent can vary by as much as 1 million square kilometers (386,102 square miles) from the year-to-year monthly average. The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature near the poles. Because this is a passive microwave sensor which is not so sensitive to atmospheric effects, this sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfall. The false color in this animation of sea ice surrounding the South Pole is derived from the daily AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature while the sea ice extent is derived from the daily AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration. The sea ice extent shown is generated using a three day moving average where the daily sea ice concentration is at least 15%. This animation portrays the changes in the sea ice from May 26, 2009 through July 29, 2010. || ",
            "hits": 285
        },
        {
            "id": 3824,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3824/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2011-03-29T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: September 2010 to March 2011",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from the 2010 minimum which occurred on September 17 through March 16, 2011. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day maximum sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running maximum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. || ",
            "hits": 25
        },
        {
            "id": 3767,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3767/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-09-29T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Arctic Sea Ice Minimum Extent for 2010",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from March 31, 2010 when sea ice in the Arctic was at its maximum extent, through September 19, 2010, when it was at its minimum. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running maximum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. || ",
            "hits": 46
        },
        {
            "id": 3698,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3698/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2010-03-29T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: September 2009 to March 2010",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change progress through time, from September 1, 2009 when sea ice in the Arctic was near its minimum extent, through March 30, 2010. The animation plays at a rate of six frames per day or ten days per second. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day showing a running 3-day maximum sea ice concentration in the region where the concentration is greater than 15%. The blueish white color of the sea ice is derived from a 3-day running maximum of the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. || ",
            "hits": 30
        },
        {
            "id": 10493,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10493/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2009-10-06T09:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Arctic Sea Ice 101",
            "description": "A fast-paced interview with NASA climate scientist Tom Wagner, where he provides a look at the state of Arctic sea ice in 2009 and discusses NASA's role in monitoring the cryosphere.For complete transcript, click here. || Tom_Wagner-Ag_ep2_Partners_Youtube.00002_print.jpg (1024x576) [68.3 KB] || Tom_Wagner-Ag_ep2_Partners_Youtube_web.png (320x180) [197.0 KB] || Tom_Wagner-Ag_ep2_Partners_Youtube_thm.png (80x40) [16.9 KB] || Wagner_ArcticIce2009_appletv.webmhd.webm (960x540) [63.7 MB] || Tom_Wagner-Ag_ep2_Partners_Youtube.mov (1280x720) [61.4 MB] || Wagner_ArcticIce2009_appletv.m4v (960x540) [156.0 MB] || Wagner_ArcticIce2009_h264.mov (1280x720) [133.7 MB] || Wagner_ArcticIce2009_ipod.m4v (640x360) [52.3 MB] || ",
            "hits": 55
        },
        {
            "id": 10492,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10492/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2009-10-05T02:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Arctic Sea Ice Conceptual Animation",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season.  Each winter existing sea ice thickens and new, thinner ice is formed.  This conceptual animation shows a cut-away view of the seasonal advance and retreat of Arctic sea ice, demonstrating the current trend toward a thinning ice pack, with less of the thicker multi-year ice surviving each summer's melt. || seaIce_therm_30fps.00002_print.jpg (1024x576) [81.8 KB] || seaIce_therm_30fps_web.png (320x180) [212.7 KB] || seaIce_therm_30fps_thm.png (80x40) [16.6 KB] || seaIce_therm_30fps.webmhd.webm (960x540) [9.3 MB] || seaIce_therm_30fps.mov (1280x720) [169.8 MB] || ",
            "hits": 34
        },
        {
            "id": 3631,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3631/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-09-07T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Daily Arctic Sea Ice - Summer 2009",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.Duing the summer of 2009, the arctic sea ice reached its minimum extent on September 12th. The 2009 minimum extent was the third lowest extent measured since the beginning of the satellite record in 1979. This animation shows the summer retreat of sea ice over the Arctic from 7/1/2009 through 9/12/2009. The sea ice was defined by a 3-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration, showing the region where the sea ice concentration was greater than 15%. The false color of the sea ice was derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km brightness temperature. || ",
            "hits": 25
        },
        {
            "id": 3619,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3619/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-09-01T18:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "A Tour of the Cryosphere 2009",
            "description": "The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. In these regions, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of each year. Since ice and snow exist relatively close to their melting point, they frequently change from solid to liquid and back again due to fluctuations in surface temperature. Although direct measurements of the cryosphere can be difficult to obtain due to the remote locations of many of these areas, using satellite observations scientists monitor changes in the global and regional climate by observing how regions of the Earth's cryosphere shrink and expand.This animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The animation begins in Antarctica, showing some unique features of the Antarctic landscape found nowhere else on earth. Ice shelves, ice streams, glaciers, and the formation of massive icebergs can be seen clearly in the flyover of the Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica. A time series shows the movement of iceberg B15A, an iceberg 295 kilometers in length which broke off of the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Moving farther along the coastline, a time series of the Larsen ice shelf shows the collapse of over 3,200 square kilometers ice since January 2002. As we depart from the Antarctic, we see the seasonal change of sea ice and how it nearly doubles the apparent area of the continent during the winter.From Antarctica, the animation travels over South America showing glacier locations on this mostly tropical continent. We then move further north to observe daily changes in snow cover over the North American continent. The clouds show winter storms moving across the United States and Canada, leaving trails of snow cover behind. In a close-up view of the western US, we compare the difference in land cover between two years: 2003 when the region received a normal amount of snow and 2002 when little snow was accumulated. The difference in the surrounding vegetation due to the lack of spring melt water from the mountain snow pack is evident.As the animation moves from the western US to the Arctic region, the areas affected by permafrost are visible. As time marches forward from March to September, the daily snow and sea ice recede and reveal the vast areas of permafrost surrounding the Arctic Ocean.The animation shows a one-year cycle of Arctic sea ice followed by the mean September minimum sea ice for each year from 1979 through 2008. The superimposed graph of the area of Arctic sea ice at this minimum clearly shows the dramatic decrease in Artic sea ice over the last few years.While moving from the Arctic to Greenland, the animation shows the constant motion of the Arctic polar ice using daily measures of sea ice activity. Sea ice flows from the Arctic into Baffin Bay as the seasonal ice expands southward. As we draw close to the Greenland coast, the animation shows the recent changes in the Jakobshavn glacier. Although Jakobshavn receded only slightly from 1964 to 2001, the animation shows significant recession from 2001 through 2009. As the animation pulls out from Jakobshavn, the effect of the increased flow rate of Greenland costal glaciers is shown by the thinning ice shelf regions near the Greenland coast.This animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website.Note: This animation is an update of the animation 'A Short Tour of the Cryosphere', which is itself an abridged version of the animation 'A Tour of the Cryosphere'. The popularity of the earlier animations and their continuing relevance prompted us to update the datasets in parts of the animation and to remake it in high definition. In certain cases, our experiences in using the earlier work have led us to tweak the presentation of some of the material to make it clearer. Our thanks to Dr. Robert Bindschadler for suggesting and supporting this remake. || ",
            "hits": 58
        },
        {
            "id": 3579,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3579/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-02-05T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Sea Ice over the Arctic and Antarctic designed for Science On a Sphere (SOS) and WMS",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean, typically averaging a few meters in thickness. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. This animation shows how the seasonal global sea ice has changed from day to day since 2002, when the Aqua satellite was launched. The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature and sea ice concentration near the poles. This sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfall, because it is not very sensitive to atmospheric effects. The false color of the sea ice, derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature, highlights the fissures or divergence areas in the sea ice cover by warm brightness temperatures (in blue) while cold brightness temperatures, shown in brighter white, represent consolidated sea ice. The sea ice edge identifies areas containing at least 15% ice concentration in the three-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration data.This sequence shows the daily global sea ice over both the Arctic and Antarctic on a Cartesian grid from June 21, 2002 through December 31, 2008 at a frame rate of four frames per day. On days when data is not available, the prior or following day's data is used. Periods when data was absent for several consecutive days include: 2002/07/29 through 2002/08/08, 2002/09/11 through 2002/09/20, and 2003/10/29 through 2003/11/03. || ",
            "hits": 33
        },
        {
            "id": 3571,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3571/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-12-18T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: 2005 to 2008",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the globe slowly rotates one full rotation while the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change throughout the years. The animation begins on September 21, 2005 when sea ice in the Arctic was at its minimum extent, and continues through September 20, 2008. This time period repeats twice during the animation, playing at a rate of one frame per day. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day. This is a modification of animation ID  #3404 : Global Rotation showing Seasonal Landcover and Arctic Sea Ice, which only covered a one-year time period.For a 3D stereo version of this visualization, please visit animation entry:  #3578: AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: 2005 to 2008 - Stereoscopic Version || ",
            "hits": 29
        },
        {
            "id": 3578,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3578/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-12-18T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: 2005 to 2008 - Stereoscopic Version",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.In this animation, the globe slowly rotates one full rotation while the Arctic sea ice and seasonal land cover change throughout the years. The animation begins on September 21, 2005 when sea ice in the Arctic was at its minimum extent, and continues through September 20, 2008. This time period repeats twice during the animation, playing at a rate of one frame per day. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day. This visualization is a stereoscopic version of animation entry:  #3571: AMSR-E Arctic Sea Ice: 2005 to 2008In this page the visualization content is offered in two different modes to accomodate stereoscopic systems, such as: Left and Right Eye separate and Left and Right Eye side-by-side combined on the same frame. || ",
            "hits": 27
        },
        {
            "id": 3556,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3556/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-10-02T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "2008 Arctic Sea Ice from AMSR-E",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature near the poles. Because this is a passive microwave sensor which is not so sensitive to atmospheric effects, this sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfall. The false color of the sea ice, derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature, highlights the fissures or divergence areas in the sea ice cover by warm brightness temperatures (in blue) while cold brightness temperatures, shown in brighter white, represent consolidated sea ice. The sea ice edge is defined by the 15% ice concentration contour in the three-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration data.The animations below show the continuous motion of the Arctic sea ice during 2008, from January 1 through September 14, the week during which the Arctic sea ice reached its minimum extent. The 2008 minimum extent of 4.52 sq km (1.74 sq miles) is the second lowest extent recorded since 1979. || ",
            "hits": 45
        },
        {
            "id": 3561,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3561/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-09-14T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Close view of 2008 Arctic Sea Ice from AMSR-E",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature near the poles. Because this is a passive microwave sensor which is not so sensitive to atmospheric effects, this sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfall. The false color of the sea ice, derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature, highlights the fissures or divergence areas in the sea ice cover by warm brightness temperatures (in blue) while cold brightness temperatures, shown in brighter white, represent consolidated sea ice. The sea ice edge identifies areas containing at least 15% ice concentration in the three-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration data.The animations below show the continuos motion of the Arctic sea ice during 2008 up to the point at which the Arctic sea ice reached its minimum extent. The 2008 minimum extent of 4.52 sq km (1.74 sq miles) is the second lowest extent recorded since 1979. || ",
            "hits": 27
        },
        {
            "id": 3497,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3497/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-03-18T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "AMSR-E Antarctic Sea Ice",
            "description": "Antarctica is a land mass surrounded by an ocean which allows the sea ice here to move more freely than it does in the Northern Hemisphere. Because there are no surrounding continents to limit its movement, the sea ice is free to float northward into warmer waters where it eventually melts. As a result, almost all of the sea ice that forms during the Antarctic winter melts during the summer. During the winter, up to 18 million square kilometers (6.9 million square miles) of ocean is covered by sea ice, but by the end of summer, only about 3 million square kilometers (1.1 million square miles) of sea ice remain. Both Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent are characterized by fairly large variations from year to year. The monthly average extent can vary by as much as 1 million square kilometers (386,102 square miles) from the year-to-year monthly average. The area covered by Antarctic sea ice has shown a small increasing trend.The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature near the poles. Because this is a passive microwave sensor which is not so sensitive to atmospheric effects, this sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfall. The false color in this animation of sea ice surrounding the South Pole is derived from the daily AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature while the sea ice extent is derived from the daily AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration. The sea ice extent shown is generated using a three day moving average where the daily sea ice concentration is at least 15%. This animation progresses at a rate of four frames per day from June 4, 2005 through November 18, 2005. || ",
            "hits": 50
        },
        {
            "id": 3507,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3507/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-01-06T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "2005 Sea Ice over the Arctic and Antarctic derived from AMSR-E (WMS and Science On a Sphere)",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean, typically averaging a few meters in thickness. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. This series shows the global sea ice throughout 2005, when the maximum extent occurred on March 7th and the minimum extent occurred on September 21st. Here global data from the AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite is shown on a Cartesian grid. The false color in these images is derived from the daily AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature while the sea ice extent is derived from the daily AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration. || ",
            "hits": 21
        },
        {
            "id": 3564,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3564/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-01-06T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Sea Ice over the Arctic and Antarctic designed for Science On a Sphere (SOS) and WMS",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean, typically averaging a few meters in thickness. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. This animation shows how the seasonal global sea ice has changed from day to day in both the northern and southern hemisphere since 2002, when the Aqua satellite was launched.This series shows the daily global sea ice over both the Arctic and Antarctic from June 21, 2002 through September 22, 2008. Global data from the AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite is shown on a Cartesian grid. The sea ice extent is derived from the daily AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration where the ice concentration is above 15%. || ",
            "hits": 16
        },
        {
            "id": 3467,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3467/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-10-04T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Updated Jakobshavn Glacier Calving Front Retreat from 2001 through 2006 with Blue/White Elevation Change over Greenland",
            "description": "Since measurements of Jakobshavn Isbrae were first taken in 1850, the glacier gradually receded until about 1950, where it remained stable for the past 5 decades. However, from 1997 to 2006, the glacier has begun to recede again, this time almost doubling in speed. The finding is important for many reasons. As more ice moves from glaciers on land into the ocean, ocean sea levels raise. Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining 6.5 percent of Greenland's ice sheet area. The ice stream's speed-up and near-doubling of ice flow from land into the ocean has increased the rate of sea level rise by about .06 millimeters (about .002 inches) per year, or roughly 4 percent of the 20th century rate of sea level increase. This animation shows the glacier's flow in 2000, along with changes in the glacier's calving front between 2001 and 2006.This animation is an update of, and extension to, animation IDs #3374 and #3434.In this version, the pause on the approach to the Jakobshavn glacier where the meltwater lakes on the Greenland ice sheet are visible is shortened. In addition, the colors showing regions of elevation increase and decrease over the Greenland ice sheet are modified. || ",
            "hits": 53
        },
        {
            "id": 3466,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3466/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-10-02T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "2007 Arctic Sea Ice from AMSR-E with Greenland in Foreground",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The 2007 Arctic summer sea ice has reached the lowest extent of perennial ice cover on record - nearly 25% less than the previous low set in 2005. The area of the perennial ice has been steadily decreasing since the satellite record began in 1979, at a rate of about 10% per decade. But the 2007 minimum, reached on September 14, is far below the previous record made in 2005 and is about 38% lower than the climatological average. Such a dramatic loss has implications for ecology, climate and industry.The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature near the poles. Because this is a passive microwave sensor which is not so sensitive to atmospheric effects, this sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfall. This animation progresses at a rate of six frames per day from January 1, 2007 through the minimum extent which occurred on September 14, 2007. The false color of the sea ice, derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature, highlights the fissures or divergence areas in the sea ice cover by warm brightness temperatures (in blue) while cold brightness temperatures, shown in brighter white, represent consolidated sea ice. The sea ice edge is defined by the 15% ice concentration contour in the three-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration data while ice extent is the sum of all pixels with at least 15% ice. || ",
            "hits": 24
        },
        {
            "id": 3456,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3456/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-09-18T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "2007 Arctic Sea Ice from AMSR-E with Alaska in Foreground",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover.  The 2007 Arctic summer sea ice has reached the lowest extent of perennial ice cover on record - nearly 25% less than the previous low set in 2005. The area of the perennial ice has been steadily decreasing since the satellite record began in 1979, at a rate of about 10% per decade.  But the 2007 minimum, reached on September 14, is far below the previous record made in 2005 and is about 38% lower than the climatological average. Such a dramatic loss has implications for ecology, climate and industry. The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature near the poles. Because this is a passive microwave sensor which is not so sensitive to atmospheric effects, this sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfall.  This animation progresses at a rate of six frames per day from January 1, 2007 through the minimum extent which occurred on September 14, 2007. The false color of the sea ice, derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature, highlights the fissures or divergence areas in the sea ice cover by warm brightness temperatures (in blue) while cold brightness temperatures, shown in brighter white, represent consolidated sea ice. The sea ice edge is defined by the 15% ice concentration contour in the three-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration data while ice extent is the sum of all pixels with at least 15% ice.An image of the sea ice on September 14, 2007 is included below, along with a corresponding image from September 21, 2005 showing the previous minimum sea ice extent. || ",
            "hits": 29
        },
        {
            "id": 3434,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3434/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-06-11T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Updated Jakobshavn Glacier Calving Front Retreat from 2001 through 2006",
            "description": "Since measurements of Jakobshavn Isbrae were first taken in 1850, the glacier has gradually receded, finally coming to rest at a certain point for the past 5 decades. However, from 1997 to 2006, the glacier has begun to recede again, this time almost doubling in speed. The finding is important for many reasons. As more ice moves from glaciers on land into the ocean, ocean sea levels raise. Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining 6.5 percent of Greenland's ice sheet area. The ice stream's speed-up and near-doubling of ice flow from land into the ocean has increased the rate of sea level rise by about .06 millimeters (about .002 inches) per year, or roughly 4 percent of the 20th century rate of sea level increase. This animation shows the glacier's flow in 2000, along with changes in the glacier's calving front between 2001 and 2006.This animation is an update of and extension to animation ID #3374. In this version, a pause is added on the approach to the Jakobshavn glacier in order to highlight the meltwater lakes visible on the Greenland ice sheet. In addition, semi-transparent overlays and text indicate different regions of the glacier before the calving lines are shown. After the calving front retreat, an additional segment shows a zoom to a global view. During the pull out, historic calving front locations are shown followed by a color overlay showing regions of increase and decrease in the Greenland ice sheet. || ",
            "hits": 58
        },
        {
            "id": 3429,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3429/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-05-28T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Ayles Ice Shelf Breakup Viewed from Overhead",
            "description": "On August 13, 2005, almost the entire Ayles Ice Shelf calved from the northern edge of Ellesmere Island. This continues the trend of dramatic loss of these ice shelves over the past century, reducing the remaining ice shelves there from six to five. Since 1900, approximately 90% of the Ellesmere Island ice shelves have calved and floated away. There is insufficient new ice formation to replace the ice that has been lost. The Ayles calving event was the largest in at least the last 25 years; a total of 87.1 sq km (33.6 sq miles) of ice was lost in this event, of which the largest piece was 66.4 sq km (25.6 sq. miles) in area. This piece is equivalent in size to approximately 11,000 football fields or a little larger than the island of Manhattan. || ",
            "hits": 20
        },
        {
            "id": 3430,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3430/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-05-28T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Ayles Ice Shelf Breakup Viewed from Northwest Coastline",
            "description": "On August 13, 2005, almost the entire Ayles Ice Shelf calved from the northern edge of Ellesmere Island. This continues the trend of dramatic loss of these ice shelves over the past century, reducing the remaining ice shelves there from six to five. Since 1900, approximately 90% of the Ellesmere Island ice shelves have calved and floated away. There is insufficient new ice formation to replace the ice that has been lost. The Ayles calving event was the largest in at least the last 25 years; a total of 87.1 sq km (33.6 sq miles) of ice was lost in this event, of which the largest piece was 66.4 sq km (25.6 sq. miles) in area. This piece is equivalent in size to approximately 11,000 football fields or a little larger than the island of Manhattan. || ",
            "hits": 16
        },
        {
            "id": 3383,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3383/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-03-17T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Sequence of Clouds, Snow Cover, Sea Ice, Sea Surface Temperature and Biosphere",
            "description": "This animation is part of an NSF-funded, international project, Exploring Time. The two-hour television special, broadcast on the Discovery Channel in the spring of 2007, explores how the world changes over different timescales ... from billionths of seconds to billions of years. This animation portrays a variety of remotely sensed data elements at different temporal resolutions.Initially, the animation shows cloud cover in motion over North America in half-hour increments from Nov. 26 to Dec. 7, 2005. The temporal pace quickens to show a 5-day moving average of daily MODIS snow cover along with daily AMSR-E sea ice from Dec. 7, 2005 to Mar. 15, 2006. As the view swings south over the Gulf of Mexico, the AMSR-E Sea Surface Temperature reveals warming ocean temperatures from March through August, 2006. As it passes over the Atlantic Ocean, the biosphere fades into view, showing both chlorophyll concentration in the ocean along with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index over the land areas. The biosphere animates over time while the view pans over northern Africa and Europe, showing data collected from September 2002 through February 2006.This program was also broadcast in Japan through a partnership with the NHK international broadcasting service and in France through a partnership with the ARTE television network. || ",
            "hits": 31
        },
        {
            "id": 3404,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3404/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-02-23T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Global Rotation Showing Seasonal Landcover and Arctic Sea Ice",
            "description": "In this animation, the globe slowly rotates one full rotation while seasonal land cover and Arctic sea ice vary through time. The animation begins on September 21, 2005 when sea ice in the Arctic was at its minimum extent, and continues through September 20, 2006. This time period repeats six times during the animation, playing at a rate of day frame per frame. Over the terrain, monthly data from the seasonal Blue Marble Next Generation fades slowly from month to month. Over the water, Arctic sea ice changes from day to day. || ",
            "hits": 91
        },
        {
            "id": 3401,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3401/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2007-02-01T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Ayles Ice Shelf Breakup in Arctic",
            "description": "On August 13, 2005, almost the entire Ayles Ice Shelf calved from the northern edge of Ellesmere Island. This reduced the remaining ice shelves there from 6 to 5, and continues a trend of dramatic loss of these ice shelves over the past century. Since 1900, approximately 90% of the Ellesmere Island ice shelves have calved and floated away. This is a one-way process as there is insufficient new ice formation to replace the ice that has been lost. The Ayles calving event was the largest in at least the last 25 years; a total of 87.1 sq km (33.6 sq miles) of ice was lost in this event, of which the largest piece was 66.4 sq km (25.6 sq. miles) in area. This piece is equivalent in size to approximately 11,000 football fields or a little larger than the island of Manhattan. || ",
            "hits": 20
        },
        {
            "id": 3372,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3372/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-09-30T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Loop of AMSR-E Daily Arctic Sea Ice  from Aug 2005 to Aug 2006",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. Sea ice is almost always in motion, reacting to ocean currents and to winds. The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature near the poles. Because this is a passive microwave sensor and independent of atmospheric effects, this sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfalls. This animation of AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature in the northern hemisphere during late 2005 and early 2006 clearly shows the dynamic motion of the ice as well as its seasonal expansion and contraction. This animation shows the seasonal advance and retreat of sea ice over the Arctic from 8/5/2005 through 8/4/2006. The false color of the sea ice, derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature, highlights the fissures in the sea ice by showing warmer areas of ice in a deeper blue and colder areas of sea ice in a brighter white. The sea ice extent is defined by a three-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration, showing as ice all areas having a sea ice concentration greater than 15%. || ",
            "hits": 48
        },
        {
            "id": 3373,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3373/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-09-30T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Zoom from Jakobshavn Glacier with AMSR-E Daily Sea Ice and MODIS Daily Snow Cover",
            "description": "Beginning from a view of Greenland's Jakobshavn glacier, this animation shows motion of sea ice and snow cover over the Arctic from 10/1/2002 through 6/23/2003 as the camera pulls out to frame the full globe. The false color of the sea ice is derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km brightness temperature. The sea ice extent is defined by AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration, identifying all regions having a sea ice concentration of greater than 15%. Because AMSR-E is a passive microwave sensor that functions independently from atmospheric effects, this sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfalls. || ",
            "hits": 12
        },
        {
            "id": 3374,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3374/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-09-30T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Jakobshavn Glacier Flow in the year 2000 and Calving Front Retreat from 2001 to 2006",
            "description": "Since measurements of Jakobshavn Isbrae were first taken in 1850, the glacier has gradually receded, finally coming to rest at a certain point for the past 5 decades. However, from 1997 to 2006, the glacier has begun to recede again, this time almost doubling in speed. The finding is important for many reasons. As more ice moves from glaciers on land into the ocean, it raises sea levels. Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining 6.5 percent of Greenland's ice sheet area. The ice stream's speed-up and near-doubling of ice flow from land into the ocean has increased the rate of sea level rise by about .06 millimeters (about .002 inches) per year, or roughly 4 percent of the 20th century rate of sea level increase. This animation shows the glacier's flow in 2000, along with changes in the glacier's calving front between 2001 and 2006. || ",
            "hits": 33
        },
        {
            "id": 3371,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3371/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-09-27T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Three-Year Average September Minimum Sea Ice Concentration 1979 - 2005",
            "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. Because the extent of the sea ice is important both for the Arctic marine ecology and for the role it plays in the Earth's climate, understanding the variation of this extent during the year and from year-to-year is vital. Each year, the minimum sea ice extent in the northern hemisphere occurs at the end of summer, in September. By comparing the extent of the sea ice in September over many successive years, long term trends in the polar climate can be assessed. This animation shows the three-year moving average September mean sea ice concentration in the northern hemisphere from 1979-1981 through 2003-2005. Since 1999, this minimum has shown an ice extent that is consistently 10% to 15% smaller than the average extent over the past 20 years. || ",
            "hits": 33
        },
        {
            "id": 3367,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3367/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-09-23T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Arctic Monthly Average Sea Ice Climatology",
            "description": "Sea ice advances and retreats in concert with the seasons.  Monthly sea ice climatology is created by averaging the sea ice for each month over a period of many years. This animation shows the monthly average sea ice climatology over the Arctic region derived from years 1979 through 2002. || ",
            "hits": 69
        },
        {
            "id": 3368,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3368/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-09-13T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Annual Sea Ice Cycle over Northern Canada",
            "description": "Over the course of a year, sea ice in northern Canada pulsates down into the Hudson Bay and retreats northward in the summer months. In the winter months where the sea ice extends down into the bay, polar bears wander onto the ice in search of food. As summer approaches and the sea ice melts, the bears wander back onto the mainland until the next winter. Data for this animation was gathered from the Aqua satellite's Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). Aqua is a NASA satellite and the AMSR-E instrument onboard was provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). For more information on this story, please visit http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2006/polar_bears.html || ",
            "hits": 63
        },
        {
            "id": 3355,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3355/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2006-05-20T23:55:00-04:00",
            "title": "A Short Tour of the Cryosphere",
            "description": "A newer version of this animation is available here.This narrated, 5-minute animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet. This is a shorter version of a narrated, 7 1/2 minute animation entitled  'A Tour of the Cryosphere'.See the above link for a detailed description of the full animation.Two sections have been removed from the original animation: one showing a flyby of the South Pole station and glaciers feeding the Ross Ice Shelf and one showing solar data related to the Earth's energy balance.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website. || ",
            "hits": 26
        },
        {
            "id": 3181,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3181/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-12-04T23:55:00-05:00",
            "title": "A Tour of the Cryosphere",
            "description": "A new HD version of this animation is available here.Click here to go to the media download section.The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. In these regions, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of each year. Since ice and snow exist relatively close to their melting point, they frequently change from solid to liquid and back again due to fluctuations in surface temperature. Although direct measurements of the cryosphere can be difficult to obtain due to the remote locations of many of these areas, using satellite observations scientists monitor changes in the global and regional climate by observing how regions of the Earth's cryosphere shrink and expand.This animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The animation begins in Antarctica, showing ice thickness ranging from 2.7 to 4.8 kilometers thick along with swaths of polar stratospheric clouds. In a tour of this frozen continent, the animation shows some unique features of the Antarctic landscape found nowhere else on earth. Ice shelves, ice streams, glaciers, and the formation of massive icebergs can be seen. A time series shows the movement of iceberg B15A, an iceberg 295 kilometers in length which broke off of the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000. Moving farther along the coastline, a time series of the Larsen ice shelf shows the collapse of over 3,200 square kilometers ice since January 2002. As we depart from the Antarctic, we see the seasonal change of sea ice and how it nearly doubles the size of the continent during the winter.From Antarctica, the animation travels over South America showing areas of permafrost over this mostly tropical continent. We then move further north to observe daily changes in snow cover over the North American continent. The clouds show winter storms moving across the United States and Canada, leaving trails of snow cover behind. In a close-up view of the western US, we compare the difference in land cover between two years: 2003 when the region received a normal amount of snow and 2002 when little snow was accumulated. The difference in the surrounding vegetation due to the lack of spring melt water from the mountain snow pack is evident.As the animation moves from the western US to the Arctic region, the areas effected by permafrost are visible. In December, we see how the incoming solar radiation primarily heats the Southern Hemisphere. As time marches forward from December to June, the daily snow and sea ice recede as the incoming solar radiation moves northward to warm the Northern Hemisphere.Using satellite swaths that wrap the globe, the animation shows three types of instantaneous measurements of solar radiation observed on June 20, 2003: shortwave (reflected) radiation, longwave (thermal) radiation and net flux (showing areas of heating and cooling). Correlation between reflected radiation and clouds are evident. When the animation fades to show the monthly global average net flux, we see that the polar regions serve to cool the global climate by radiating solar energy back into space throughout the year.The animation shows a one-year cycle of the monthly average Arctic sea ice concentration followed by the mean September minimum sea ice for each year from 1979 through 2004. A red outline indicates the mean sea ice extent for September over 22 years, from 1979 to 2002. The minimum Arctic sea ice animation clearly shows how over the last 5 years the quantity of polar ice has decreased by 10 - 14% from the 22 year average.While moving from the Arctic to Greenland, the animation shows the constant motion of the Arctic polar ice using daily measures of sea ice activity. Sea ice flows from the Arctic into Baffin Bay as the seasonal ice expands southward. As we draw close to the Greenland coast, the animation shows the recent changes in the Jakobshavn glacier. Although Jakobshavn receded only slightly from 1042 to 2001, the animation shows significant recession over the past three years, from 2002 through 2004.This animation shows a wealth of data collected from satellite observations of the cryosphere and the impact that recent cryospheric changes are making on our planet.For more information on the data sets used in this visualization, visit NASA's EOS DAAC website. || ",
            "hits": 100
        },
        {
            "id": 3138,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3138/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-03-28T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "QuikSCAT Antarctic Sea Ice (WMS)",
            "description": "The sea ice around Antarctica grows dramatically from late February, when large parts of the coast are ice-free, to October, when the amount of sea ice effectively doubles the size of the continent.  The SeaWinds Scatterometer instrument on the QuikSCAT satellite captures this dramatic ebb and flow and shows the sea ice as dynamic and always moving, even in areas that are ice-bound.  This animation shows the sea ice around Antarctica from SeaWinds during 2004.    SeaWinds can see individual icebergs if they are large enough, and a large iceberg can be seen for most of the year south of South America as it moves from the Antarctic Peninsula to the South Sandwich Islands.  Also visible are the very convoluted and dynamic border between the sea ice and the open sea and holes in the sea ice created by the movement around fixed land features such as islands. || ",
            "hits": 27
        },
        {
            "id": 3127,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3127/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-03-09T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Pine Island Glacier Calving (WMS)",
            "description": "The Pine Island Glacier is the largest discharger of ice in Antarctica and the continent's fastest moving glacier. Even so, when a large crack formed across the glacier in mid 2000, it was surprising how fast the crack expanded, 15 meters per day, and how soon the resulting iceberg broke off, mid-November, 2001. This iceberg, called B-21, is 42 kilometers by 17 kilometers and contains seven years of glacier outflow released to the sea in a single event. This series of images from the MISR instrument on the Terra satellite not only shows the crack expanding and the iceberg breaking off, but the seaward moving glacial flow in the parts of the Pine Island Glacier upstream of the crack. || ",
            "hits": 27
        },
        {
            "id": 3123,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3123/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-03-04T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Larsen Ice Shelf Collapse (WMS)",
            "description": "The Larsen ice shelf at the northern end of the Antarctic Peninsula experienced a dramatic collapse between January 31 and March 7, 2002. First, melt ponds appeared on the ice shelf during these summer months (seen in blue on the shelf), then a minor collapse of about 800 square kilometers occurred.  Finally, a 2600 square kilometer collapse took place, leaving thousands of sliver icebergs and berg fragments where the shelf formerly lay. Brownish streaks within the floating chunks mark areas where rocks and morainal debris are exposed from the former underside and interior of the shelf.  These images were acquired by the MODIS instrument on the Terra satellite. || ",
            "hits": 37
        },
        {
            "id": 3081,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3081/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-01-11T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Giant Iceberg in McMurdo Sound (WMS)",
            "description": "Iceberg B-15A, in Antarctica's McMurdo Sound, is as large as Long Island, NY (3,000 square kilometers or 1,200 square miles) and is the largest fragment of a much larger iceberg that broke away from the Ross Ice Shelf in March 2000. Iceberg B-15A has trapped sea ice in McMurdo Sound, and the ice build-up presents significant problems for Antarctic penguins, which must now swim great distances to reach open waters and food. These images were taken by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites between 2004-11-09 and 2005-01-17. || ",
            "hits": 12
        }
    ]
}