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Data visualization assets are designed for HD resolution. || co2airs_60South_1920x108030p.0771.png (1920x1080) [1.8 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [24.2 MB] || composite_60South (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [2.9 MB] || co2airs_60South_1920x1080p30.mp4.hwshow [228 bytes] || ", "hits": 92 }, { "id": 4964, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4964/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-01-13T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2021", "description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are shown in white. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. Normal temperatures are calculated over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2017-2021. Scale in degrees Fahrenheit. || 2021f-TemperatureAnomalyF.0900_print.jpg (1024x576) [164.1 KB] || 2021f-TemperatureAnomalyF.0900_searchweb.png (180x320) [74.9 KB] || 2021f-TemperatureAnomalyF.0900_thm.png (80x40) [14.4 KB] || 2021f-TemperatureAnomalyF.0900.tif (1920x1080) [1.6 MB] || 2021GISStempF-5yrAvg.mp4 (1920x1080) [41.1 MB] || fahrenheit (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || 2021GISStempF-5yrAvg.webm (1920x1080) [3.4 MB] || 2021TempAnomalyF_GISSTEMP_1080p30.mp4.hwshow || ", "hits": 464 }, { "id": 4914, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4914/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Impact of Climate Change on Global Wheat Yields", "description": "Data visualization of predicted Wheat yields through the end of this centaury based on an ensemble of crop and climate models. || WheatMapFuture.01000_print.jpg (1024x576) [123.1 KB] || WheatMapFuture.01000_searchweb.png (320x180) [54.6 KB] || WheatMapFuture.01000_web.png (320x180) [54.6 KB] || WheatMapFuture.01000_thm.png (80x40) [5.4 KB] || WheatMapFuture_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [21.7 MB] || WheatMapFuture.mp4 (3840x2160) [79.7 MB] || WheatMapFuture.webm (3840x2160) [6.4 MB] ||", "hits": 125 }, { "id": 4925, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4925/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-08-23T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Impact of Climate Change on Global Maize Yields", "description": "Data visualization of predicted maize yields through the end of this centaury based on an ensemble of crop and climate models. || MaizeMapFuture.01000_print.jpg (1024x576) [134.0 KB] || MaizeMapFuture.01000_searchweb.png (320x180) [55.5 KB] || MaizeMapFuture.01000_web.png (320x180) [55.5 KB] || MaizeMapFuture.01000_thm.png (80x40) [5.5 KB] || MaizeMapFuture_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [34.9 MB] || MaizeMapFuture_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [3.8 MB] || MaizeMapFuture.mp4 (3840x2160) [78.9 MB] || ", "hits": 104 }, { "id": 4882, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4882/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2021-01-14T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2020", "description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2016-2020. Scale in degrees Celsius. || print_cel2020_00000_print.jpg (1024x576) [184.6 KB] || print_cel2020_00000_searchweb.png (320x180) [71.3 KB] || print_cel2020_00000_thm.png (80x40) [6.5 KB] || GISSTEMP_celsius_fade_composite.mp4 (1920x1080) [69.1 MB] || GISSTEMP_celsius_fade_composite.webm (1920x1080) [3.4 MB] || print_cel2020_00000.tif (3840x2160) [23.7 MB] || ", "hits": 525 }, { "id": 4787, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4787/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2020-01-15T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2019", "description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies. Normal temperatures are the average over the 30 year baseline period 1951-1980. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower than normal temperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the 5 year global temperature anomalies from 2015-2019. Scale in degrees Celsius. || CelsiusRobinson_0889_print.jpg (1024x576) [111.8 KB] || CelsiusRobinson_0889_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.4 KB] || CelsiusRobinson_0889_thm.png (80x40) [7.1 KB] || CelsiusRobinson2019update_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [19.0 MB] || RobinsonCelsiusSequenceComposite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || CelsiusRobinson2019update_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [3.7 MB] || Celsius_UHD_composite (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || GISSTEMP2019_Celsius_UHD_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [69.3 MB] || CelsiusRobinson2019update_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [238 bytes] || ", "hits": 268 }, { "id": 4746, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4746/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2019-08-08T08:00:00-04:00", "title": "June 2019 Monthly Global Temperature Anomalies", "description": "While many people in the continuous United States saw average temperatures in the month of June 2019, the average global temperature in June was 1.71 degrees F above the 20th-century average of 59.9 degrees. This makes June 2019 the hottest June in the 140-year record. Nine of the 10 hottest Junes have occurred since 2010. Last month also was the 43rd consecutive June and 414th consecutive month with above-average global temperatures. This visual of the GISTEMP anomalies for June of 2019 show the United States and then zooms out to show the global picture. Temperature anomalies indicate how much warmer (red) or colder(blue) it is than normal for a particular place and time. For the GISS analysis, normal always means the average over the 30-year period 1951-1980 for that place and time of year. For more information on the GISTEMP, see the GISTEMP analysis website located at: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ || ", "hits": 46 }, { "id": 4711, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4711/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2019-04-30T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "2019 Total Solar Eclipse", "description": "(Ver esto en español.) || ", "hits": 157 }, { "id": 4626, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4626/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2019-02-06T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2018", "description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2018. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2014 through 2018. Scale in degree Celsius. || 2018HD_celsius_0900_print.jpg (1024x576) [126.0 KB] || 2018HD_celsius_0900_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.1 KB] || 2018HD_celsius_0900_thm.png (80x40) [7.4 KB] || 2018HD_celsius_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [20.7 MB] || celsius_robinson (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || 2018HD_celsius_1080p30.webm (1920x1080) [4.2 MB] || celsius (5760x3240) [0 Item(s)] || celsius_composite (5760x3240) [0 Item(s)] || ", "hits": 172 }, { "id": 4675, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4675/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2018-07-31T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "Moon Phases for Spherical Displays", "description": "A looping animation showing a complete cycle of lunar phases (lunar day and night) designed for spherical displays. || phases.0001_print.jpg (1024x512) [106.9 KB] || phases.0001_searchweb.png (320x180) [64.4 KB] || phases.0001_thm.png (80x40) [4.3 KB] || sos_phases_1024p30.mp4 (2048x1024) [18.8 MB] || sos_phases_2048p30.mp4 (4096x2048) [54.9 MB] || sos_phases_512p30.mp4 (1024x512) [5.2 MB] || 4096x2048_2x1_30p (4096x2048) [32.0 KB] || sos_phases_512p30.webm (1024x512) [2.2 MB] || ", "hits": 228 }, { "id": 12952, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12952/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2018-05-18T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "A Decade of Fermi TGFs", "description": "Visualization of ten years of Fermi observations of Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs). This version is optimized for display on normal screens, has labels, and dates for each data pass. || u3540.png (4096x2048) [5.9 MB] || u3540_print.jpg (1024x512) [122.2 KB] || u3540_searchweb.png (320x180) [71.4 KB] || u3540_thm.png (80x40) [5.8 KB] || Fermi_TGF_Flat_Years_1080p.mov (1920x960) [73.6 MB] || Fermi_TGF_Flat_Years_1080p.webm (1920x960) [9.1 MB] || Fermi_TGF_Flat_Years_ProRes_4096x2048.mov (4096x2048) [8.4 GB] || Fermi_TGF_Flat_Years_4K.mp4 (4096x2048) [321.7 MB] || Fermi_TGF_Flat_Years_4K.mov (4096x2048) [303.4 MB] || Fermi_TGF_Flat_Years_1080p.mp4 (2160x1080) [161.2 MB] || ", "hits": 73 }, { "id": 4554, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4554/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-02-15T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "August 21, 2017 Total Solar Eclipse Path for Spherical Displays", "description": "A map-like view of the Earth during the total solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, showing the umbra (black oval), penumbra (concentric shaded ovals), and the path of totality (red). This equirectangular projection is suitable for spherical displays and for spherical mapping in 3D animation software. || eclipse.0800_print.jpg (1024x512) [113.6 KB] || eclipse.0800_searchweb.png (320x180) [65.4 KB] || eclipse.0800_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || eclipse_1024p15.mp4 (2048x1024) [31.2 MB] || eclipse_2048p15.mp4 (4096x2048) [85.6 MB] || eclipse_512p15.mp4 (1024x512) [9.6 MB] || 4096x2048_2x1_15p (4096x2048) [0 Item(s)] || eclipse_512p15.webm (1024x512) [8.4 MB] || ", "hits": 91 }, { "id": 4546, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4546/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2017-01-18T10:29:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2016", "description": "This color-coded map displays a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2016. The final frame represents global temperature anomalies averaged from 2012 through 2016 in degrees Celsius. || robinson2_1212_print.jpg (1024x576) [124.2 KB] || robinson2_1213_searchweb.png (180x320) [72.8 KB] || robinson2_1213_thm.png (80x40) [6.7 KB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [46.3 MB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_30fps_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [46.3 MB] || Celsius_composite (1920x1080) [64.0 KB] || Celsius_composite (1920x1080) [64.0 KB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [2.1 MB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_4546.key [48.7 MB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_4546.pptx [48.3 MB] || gistemp2016_5year_full_record_celsius_1080p.mp4.hwshow [258 bytes] || ", "hits": 342 }, { "id": 4466, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4466/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-05-23T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Insolation during the 2017 Eclipse", "description": "Insolation (the amount of sunlight reaching the ground) is affected dramatically by the Moon's shadow during the August 21, 2017 total solar eclipse. || usa_insol.0720_print.jpg (1024x576) [123.2 KB] || usa_insol.0720_searchweb.png (320x180) [75.0 KB] || usa_insol.0720_thm.png (80x40) [6.4 KB] || usa_insol_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [17.6 MB] || usa_insol_720p30.mp4 (1280x720) [9.1 MB] || 1920x1080_16x9_30p (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || usa_insol_720p30.webm (1280x720) [4.8 MB] || usa_insol_2160p30.mp4 (3840x2160) [53.2 MB] || usa_insol_360p30.mp4 (640x360) [3.1 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_30p (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || ", "hits": 62 }, { "id": 4438, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4438/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-03-25T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from January 2016", "description": "This visualization shows the anomalously warm month of January 2016. Reds show areas that are warmer than normal and blue shows regions that are colder than normal. || Jan2016_GISTEMP_0298_print.jpg (1024x576) [64.8 KB] || Jan2016_GISTEMP_0298_searchweb.png (320x180) [44.7 KB] || Jan2016_GISTEMP_0298_thm.png (80x40) [4.6 KB] || composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Jan2016_ArcticWarming.mp4 (1920x1080) [21.4 MB] || Jan2016_ArcticWarming.webm (1920x1080) [642.2 KB] || Jan2016_ArcticWarming.mp4.hwshow [187 bytes] || ", "hits": 154 }, { "id": 4441, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4441/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-03-25T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from February 2016", "description": "This visual of the February 2016 monthly GISTEMP shows temperatures that are warmer than normal in red and colder than normal in blue. || EuropeNorthAmerica_Feb2016_GISTEMP_0290_print.jpg (1024x576) [66.5 KB] || EuropeNorthAmerica_Feb2016_GISTEMP_0290_searchweb.png (320x180) [45.2 KB] || EuropeNorthAmerica_Feb2016_GISTEMP_0290_thm.png (80x40) [4.6 KB] || Feb2016_withOverlays (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Feb2016_GISTEMPanomaly.mp4 (1920x1080) [21.1 MB] || Feb2016_GISTEMPanomaly.webm (1920x1080) [648.0 KB] || Feb2016_GISTEMPanomaly.m4v (640x360) [1.0 MB] || Feb2016_GISTEMPanomaly.mp4.hwshow [188 bytes] || ", "hits": 91 }, { "id": 4420, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4420/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-01-20T11:30:00-05:00", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from December 2015", "description": "Global temperature data for December 2015, in degrees Fahrenheit, starting with North America and pulling back to reveal the whole world. The December 2015 temperatures are compared to a baseline of the 1951-1980 average temperature. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. || Dec2015Gistemp_zoomout_fahrenheit_0000_print.jpg (1024x576) [75.3 KB] || Dec2015Gistemp_zoomout_fahrenheit_0000_searchweb.png (320x180) [66.3 KB] || Dec2015Gistemp_zoomout_fahrenheit_0000_thm.png (80x40) [5.5 KB] || fahrenheit_composite_dec2015monthly (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Dec2015Gistemp_zoomout_fahrenheit_0000_1080p30.mp4 (1920x1080) [3.2 MB] || 4420_GISTEMP_Dec2015_zoomout_F.webm (960x540) [2.9 MB] || 4420_GISTEMP_Dec2015_zoomout_F_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [6.5 MB] || 4420_GISTEMP_Dec2015_zoomout_F.mpeg (1280x720) [46.8 MB] || 4420_GISTEMP_Dec2015_zoomout_F_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [20.1 MB] || 4420_GISTEMP_Dec2015_zoomout_F_prores.mov (1280x720) [105.0 MB] || 4420_GISTEMP_Dec2015_zoomout_F_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [2.2 MB] || Dec2015Gistemp_zoomout_fahrenheit_0000_1080p30.mp4.hwshow [212 bytes] || ", "hits": 62 }, { "id": 4419, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4419/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2016-01-20T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2015", "description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2015. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2011 through 2015. Scale in degree Celsius.This video is also available on our YouTube channel. || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_print.jpg (1024x576) [107.0 KB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_print_searchweb.png (320x180) [78.5 KB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_print_thm.png (80x40) [7.3 KB] || celsius_composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_youtube_hq.mov (1920x1080) [79.5 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C.webm (960x540) [13.3 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_appletv.m4v (1280x720) [16.3 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C.mpeg (1280x720) [122.2 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_prores.mov (1280x720) [533.7 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C.key [20.0 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C.pptx [17.4 MB] || 4419_GISTEMP_2015_Robinson_C_ipod_sm.mp4 (320x240) [4.8 MB] || ", "hits": 335 }, { "id": 4174, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4174/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-08-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Garbage Patch Visualization Experiment", "description": "We wanted to see if we could visualize the so-called ocean garbage patches. We start with data from floating, scientific buoys that NOAA has been distributing in the oceans for the last 35-year represented here as white dots. Let's speed up time to see where the buoys go... Since new buoys are continually released, it's hard to tell where older buoys move to. Let's clear the map and add the starting locations of all the buoys... Interesting patterns appear all over the place. Lines of buoys are due to ships and planes that released buoys periodically. If we let all of the buoys go at the same time, we can observe buoy migration patterns. The number of buoys decreases because some buoys don't last as long as others. The buoys migrate to 5 known gyres also called ocean garbage patches.We can also see this in a computational model of ocean currents called ECCO-2. We release particles evenly around the world and let the modeled currents carry the particles. The particles from the model also migrate to the garbage patches. Even though the retimed buoys and modeled particles did not react to currents at the same times, the fact that the data tend to accumulate in the same regions show how robust the result is.The dataset used for the ocean buoy visualization is the Global Drifter Database from the GDP Drifter Data Assembly Center, part of the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory. The data covered the period February 1979 through September 2013. Although the actual dataset has a wealth of data, including surface temperatures, salinities, etc., only the buoy positions were used in the visualization.This visualization was accepted as one of the \"Dailies\" at SIGGRAPH 2015. || ", "hits": 334 }, { "id": 4252, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4252/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-01-16T00:30:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2014", "description": "This color-coded map in Robinson projection displays a progression of changing global surface temperature anomalies from 1880 through 2014. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal termperatures are shown in blue. The final frame represents the global temperatures 5-year averaged from 2010 through 2014. || GISTEMP_2014update.0905_print.jpg (1024x576) [122.2 KB] || GISTEMP_2014update.0905_searchweb.png (320x180) [74.5 KB] || GISTEMP_2014update.0905_thm.png (80x40) [6.7 KB] || composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || 2014_update_robinson_composite.mp4 (1920x1080) [36.8 MB] || 2014_update_robinson_composite.webm (1920x1080) [3.5 MB] || ", "hits": 164 }, { "id": 4254, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4254/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-01-16T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from November 2014", "description": "This visualization of global surface temperatures from November 2014 starts with a local view of the United States and then zooms out to see the global color-coded map. Blue represents colder then normal temperatures and red represents warmer. || Nov2014_Robinson_zoomout_composite_0001_print.jpg (1024x576) [98.1 KB] || Nov2014_Robinson_zoomout_composite_0001_searchweb.png (320x180) [74.4 KB] || Nov2014_Robinson_zoomout_composite_0001_thm.png (80x40) [6.0 KB] || robinson_composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Nov2014monthly_robinsonzoomout.mp4 (1920x1080) [10.9 MB] || Nov2014monthly_robinsonzoomout.webm (1920x1080) [1.3 MB] || ", "hits": 48 }, { "id": 4255, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4255/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2015-01-16T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "2014 Global Temperature Anomalies: United States to Global view", "description": "This visualization of annual global temperature anomalies from 2014 starts with a local view of the United States and then zooms out to the global color-coded map. Blue represents colder then normal temperatures and red represents warmer then normal temperatures. || US_Global_pullout_2014GISTEMP_0001_print.jpg (1024x576) [105.0 KB] || US_Global_pullout_2014GISTEMP_0001_searchweb.png (320x180) [75.7 KB] || US_Global_pullout_2014GISTEMP_0001_thm.png (80x40) [6.1 KB] || composite (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || Annual2014GISSTEMP_US2Global.mp4 (1920x1080) [11.2 MB] || Annual2014GISSTEMP_US2Global.webm (1920x1080) [1.3 MB] || ", "hits": 150 }, { "id": 4152, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4152/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-03-19T14:40:00-04:00", "title": "Global Temperature Anomalies from January 2014", "description": "Residents of the eastern United States know that the temperature was colder then the average temperature. This visual of the GISTEMP anomalies for January of 2014 show the United States and then zooms out to show the global picture. Temperature anomalies indicate how much warmer or colder it is than normal for a particular place and time. For the GISS analysis, normal always means the average over the 30-year period 1951-1980 for that place and time of year. For more information on the GISTEMP, see the GISTEMP analysis website located at: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ || ", "hits": 56 }, { "id": 4135, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4135/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-01-21T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2013", "description": "NASA scientists say 2013 tied with 2009 and 2006 for the seventh warmest year since 1880, continuing a long-term trend of rising global temperatures. With the exception of 1998, the 10 warmest years in the 134-year record all have occurred since 2000, with 2010 and 2005 ranking as the warmest years on record.NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York, which analyzes global surface temperatures on an ongoing basis, released an updated report Tuesday on temperatures around the globe in 2013. The comparison shows how Earth continues to experience temperatures warmer than those measured several decades ago. The average temperature in 2013 was 58.3 degrees Fahrenheit (14.6 degrees Celsius), which is 1.1 °F (0.6 °C) warmer than the mid-20th century baseline. The average global temperature has risen about 1.4 °F (0.8 °C) since 1880, according to the new analysis. Exact rankings for individual years are sensitive to data inputs and analysis methods.\"Long-term trends in surface temperatures are unusual and 2013 adds to the evidence for ongoing climate change,\" GISS climatologist Gavin Schmidt said. \"While one year or one season can be affected by random weather events, this analysis shows the necessity for continued, long-term monitoring.\"Scientists emphasize that weather patterns always will cause fluctuations in average temperatures from year to year, but the continued increases in greenhouse gas levels in Earth's atmosphere are driving a long-term rise in global temperatures. Each successive year will not necessarily be warmer than the year before, but with the current level of greenhouse gas emissions, scientists expect each successive decade to be warmer than the previous.Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat and plays a major role in controlling changes to Earth's climate. It occurs naturally and also is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels for energy. Driven by increasing man-made emissions, the level of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere presently is higher than at any time in the last 800,000 years. The carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere was about 285 parts per million in 1880, the first year in the GISS temperature record. By 1960, the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, measured at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, was about 315 parts per million. This measurement peaked last year at more than 400 parts per million.While the world experienced relatively warm temperatures in 2013, the continental United States experienced the 42nd warmest year on record, according to GISS analysis. For some other countries, such as Australia, 2013 was the hottest year on record.The temperature analysis produced at GISS is compiled from weather data from more than 1,000 meteorological stations around the world, satellite observations of sea-surface temperature, and Antarctic research station measurements, taking into account station history and urban heat island effects. Software is used to calculate the difference between surface temperature in a given month and the average temperature for the same place from 1951 to 1980. This three-decade period functions as a baseline for the analysis. It has been 38 years since the recording of a year of cooler than average temperatures.The GISS temperature record is one of several global temperature analyses, along with those produced by the Met Office Hadley Centre in the United Kingdom and NOAA's National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, N.C. These three primary records use slightly different methods, but overall, their trends show close agreement.Additional commentary on the 2013 temperature anomaly is provided by Dr. James Hansen of Columbia University at: http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2014/20140121_Temperature2013.pdfThe GISTEMP analysis website is located at: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ || ", "hits": 90 }, { "id": 4030, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4030/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-01-15T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2012", "description": "This color-coded map displays a progression of changing global surface temperatures anomalies from 1880 through 2012. Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red and lower then normal temperatures are shown in blue. Global surface temperature in 2012 was +0.55 || ", "hits": 321 }, { "id": 3901, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3901/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2012-01-20T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2011", "description": "The global average surface temperature in 2011 was the ninth warmest since 1880.The finding sustains a trend that has seen the 21st century experience nine of the 10 warmest years in the modern meteorological record. NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York released an analysis of how temperatures around the globe in 2011 compared to the average global temperature from the mid-20th century. The comparison shows how Earth continues to experience higher temperatures than several decades ago. The average temperature around the globe in 2011 was 0.92 degrees F (0.51 C) higher than the mid-20th century baseline.\"We know the planet is absorbing more energy than it is emitting,\" said GISS director James E. Hansen. \"So we are continuing to see a trend toward higher temperatures. Even with the cooling effects of a strong La Ni?a influence and low solar activity for the past several years, 2011 was one of the 10 warmest years on record.\"The difference between 2011 and the warmest year in the GISS record (2010) is 0.22 degrees F (0.12 C). This underscores the emphasis scientists put on the long-term trend of global temperature rise as opposed to year-to-year variations. Because of the large natural variability of climate, scientists do not expect annual temperatures to rise consistently each year. However, they do expect a continuing temperature rise over decades. The first 11 years of the 21st century experienced notably higher temperatures compared to the middle and late 20th century, Hansen said.For more information on the GISS temperature analysis, visit http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp. || ", "hits": 146 }, { "id": 4020, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4020/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-12-12T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Compositing Elements for Loop", "description": "This entry contains compositing layers used for the Science On a Sphere show \"Loop.\" || Mask for flow colors || sos_realistic.0001.jpg (2048x1024) [869.3 KB] || sos_realistic.0001_thm.png (80x40) [2.4 KB] || sos_realistic.0001_web.png (320x160) [87.7 KB] || sos_realistic.0001_searchweb.png (320x180) [87.7 KB] || sos_realistic_1024.webmhd.webm (960x540) [58.3 MB] || sos_flow_mask (2048x1024) [256.0 KB] || sos_realistic_1024.mp4 (2048x1024) [422.5 MB] || ", "hits": 31 }, { "id": 3851, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3851/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-10-31T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "STEREO+SDO: Around the Sun for 81 Days", "description": "This is a sequence of 4Kx2K images, cylindrical-equidistant projection, of the Sun that can be mapped to a sphere. The sequence was assembled by combining 304 Ångstrom (extreme ultraviolet wavelength) images from STEREO-A, STEREO-B, and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The series covers the time frame shortly after the STEREO spacecraft moved into a position where they had a complete view of the side of the Sun not visible from the Earth (see Sun 360).Technical DetailsThe data are sampled in time approximately every three hours. Since each spacecraft is at a slightly different distance from the Sun, the intensity received by each pixel was normalized to correspond to the intensity one astronomical unit from the Sun using the inverse-square law. The flux was also adjusted for the fact that each pixel captures a different fraction of the light due to their different angular size for each spacecraft. The image from each spacecraft is then reprojected using the World Coordinate System (WCS) routines of the SolarSoft library. Masks were made to smooth the transition where datasets overlap. There are a few gaps in the data, especially near the poles of the Sun, that are filled using data from the previous time step.Note: This sequence is suitable for animation and visualization purposes but NOT for scientific analysis. || ", "hits": 86 }, { "id": 10843, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10843/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-10-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Science On a Sphere: Evolution of the Moon", "description": "NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter present to you a short, narrated Science On a Sphere show depicting the evolution of our moon—all the way from when it was just a ball of magma orbiting the Earth. See the large impacts that formed the basins of the moon, watch as lava seeps out and cools to form the dark-colored maria, and observe how thousands of crater impacts made the moon look like it does today! || ", "hits": 103 }, { "id": 3817, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3817/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-01-14T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2010", "description": "Groups of scientists from several major institutions - NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), the Japanese Meteorological Agency and the Met Office Hadley Centre in the United Kingdom - tally data collected by temperature monitoring stations spread around the world and make an announcement about whether the previous year was a comparatively warm or cool year. This analysis concerns only temperature anomalies, not absolute temperature. Temperature anomalies are computed relative to the base period 1951-1980. The reason to work with anomalies, rather than absolute temperature is that absolute temperature varies markedly in short distances, while monthly or annual temperature anomalies are representative of a much larger region. Indeed, we have shown (Hansen and Lebedeff, 1987) that temperature anomalies are strongly correlated out to distances of the order of 1000 km. For more information about this dataset, see http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp NASA's announcement this year - that 2010 ties 2005 as the warmest year in the 131-year instrumental record - made headlines. But, how much does the ranking of a single year matter?Not all that much, emphasizes James Hansen, the director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York City. In the GISS analysis, for example, 2010 differed from 2005 by less than 0.01°C (0.018°F), a difference so small that the temperatures of these two years are indistinguishable, given the uncertainty of the calculation.Meanwhile, the third warmest year - 2009 - is so close to 1998, 2002, 2003, 2006, and 2007, with the maximum difference between the years being a mere 0.03°C, that all six years are virtually tied.Even for a near record-breaking year like 2010 the broader context is more important than a single year. \"Certainly, it is interesting that 2010 was so warm despite the presence of a La Niña and a remarkably inactive sun, two factors that have a cooling influence on the planet, but far more important than any particular year's ranking are the decadal trends,\" Hansen said. || ", "hits": 72 }, { "id": 10572, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10572/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-06-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "FOOTPRINTS", "description": "NASA's home for spherical films on Magic Planet. Download the Magic Planet-ready movie file here.The Earth is not flat.That's the conceptual spark for the astounding movie created at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Using an advanced media projection technology called Science On a Sphere developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), FOOTPRINTS is the first fully produced film of its kind. The movie presents advanced satellite data and other visual effects on a dramatic spherical screen, affording viewers a chance to experience planets and planetary science in a way that's more natural to their actual appearance. The Earth guest stars in a variety of guises, from depictions of the biosphere to planetary views of city lights at night to dramatic examinations about the science of hurricane formation. Other moons and planets make exciting cameos too, with special presentations of Mars and Earth's moon.Media and visualization experts at NASA began working with the NOAA technology in the fall of 2005. Until that time, Science On a Sphere had already established an impressive reputation for depiction of planetary data in a dramatic way. But FOOTPRINTS marks the first time that a thorough set of techniques and artistic rules have been applied in the service of a full featured production presented on a spherical screen. But more than just a showcase for discrete data sets, the 16 minute film provides a conceptual framework about the human drive to explore. By contextualizing data with compelling language, inventive pictures, and dramatic sound, FOOTPRINTS seeks to engage and enthuse audiences who may not understand the practicalities and majesty of NASA's and NOAA's observations, and may not otherwise have any contact with what these two science agencies actually do. As a presentation tool, Science On a Sphere is relatively new. NOAA invented and developed its core hardware and software within the past few years. According to Dr. Alexander MacDonald, the NOAA scientist located at the Earth System Research Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado, who originally conceived of it, Science On a Sphere is intended to present global science as it should be presented and to stimulate students to learn more about the Earth's environment and the solar system.In the past few years Science On a Sphere systems have begun to be installed in museums and science centers around the world. Scientists and administrators at NASA Goddard saw potential to use the Sphere as both a teaching and an outreach tool and with NOAA's support decided to bring one to the campus. It's currently installed at the Goddard Visitor Center.For several years there has been a slowly growing list of planetary data sets that can play on Spheres located in museums and institutions around the country. NASA and NOAA intend to dramatically augment that collection with new images and data. But FOOTPRINTS changes the playing field. With the release of this film, the Goddard team dramatically catapults forward the capabilities of the system, taking it far beyond its initial limits of merely depicting planetary data sets. Beyond encompassing state of the art data visualizations, the production team developed new ways for working with computer generated illustrations and animation, high definition video, graphics, text, and more. In a little more than three and a half months, the core group developed a palette of new technical processes and aesthetic guidelines for presenting media on the Sphere.The movie asks audiences to consider the idea that what they know is only a function of what questions they're willing to ask. It's an intellectual and creative backdrop to the overall production, and also a philosophical backdrop to the excitement about the vital work that NASA and NOAA do in service of the public interest. || ", "hits": 59 }, { "id": 10573, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10573/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2010-06-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "RETURN TO THE MOON", "description": "NASA's home for spherical films on Magic Planet. Download the Magic Planet-ready movie file here.The silvery disc of inspiration for countless philosophers and lovers also happens to be one of the great destinations in the annals of exploration. Earth's moon shines like a beacon, beckoning scientists and the simply curious. But it's been a long time since anyone has visited, and even the most basic signals from unmanned probes have been few and far between. Unfold your maps. With the advent of the NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), humanity makes a return to the moon like a herald announcing a new age. To commemorate the mission and champion the value of future planned lunar expeditions, the Space Agency created a new short film called RETURN TO THE MOON. Designed expressly for the Science On a Sphere platform, a striking spherical projection system now playing in theaters around the world, RETURN TO THE MOON shows off our silver sibling like a jewel of the night. Starting with a brief historical look back at the legacy of human achievement in lunar exploration, the movie presses audiences to take stock in their own relationship to the moon. Then it takes them on a journey. Travelling along with the LRO spacecraft, viewers will discover some of the essential scientific subjects that scientists plan to study. They'll follow LRO as it makes orbits around the moon, gathering data about the surface and what may lie beneath. And then, in a dramatic demonstration of a daring part of the mission, moviegoers will witness the inventive and powerful moment when NASA engineers intentionally crash a research probe into the surface of the moon to dig beneath the top layer. The space agency calls that impact probe LCROSS, and as both a research tool and a cinematic experience, it promises to deliver something exciting. RETURN TO THE MOON was produced by the media team at the Goddard Space Flight Center. One of NASA's premiere media teams, this group not only delivers state of the art data visualizations of ongoing research, but also helped write the book on spherical filmmaking. At its time of release, RETURN TO THE MOON was the third fully produced spherical movie from Goddard, and an exciting departure in terms of how these kind of products fuse dramatic presentational style with robust science. || ", "hits": 83 }, { "id": 3684, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3684/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-03-03T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies from 1881 to 2009 for Science On a Sphere", "description": "Each year, scientists at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyze global temperature data. The past year, 2009, tied as the second warmest year in the 130 years of global instrumental temperature records, in the surface temperature analysis of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS). The Southern Hemisphere set a record as the warmest year for that half of the world. Global mean temperature, was 0.57°C (1.0°F) warmer than climatology (the 1951-1980 base period). Southern Hemisphere mean temperature was 0.49°C (0.88°F) warmer than in the period of climatology. The global record warm year, in the period of near-global instrumental measurements (since the late 1800s), was 2005. This color-coded map displays a long term progression of changing global surface temperatures, from 1881 to 2009. Dark red indicates the greatest warming and dark blue indicates the greatest cooling. For more information on the data used to generate these images, please see http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp. || ", "hits": 46 }, { "id": 3674, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3674/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-01-27T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies from 1881 to 2009", "description": "Each year, scientists at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyze global temperature data. The past year, 2009, tied as the second warmest year in the 130 years of global instrumental temperature records, in the surface temperature analysis of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS). The Southern Hemisphere set a record as the warmest year for that half of the world. Global mean temperature, was 0.57°C (1.0°F) warmer than climatology (the 1951-1980 base period). Southern Hemisphere mean temperature was 0.49°C (0.88°F) warmer than in the period of climatology. The global record warm year, in the period of near-global instrumental measurements (since the late 1800s), was 2005. This color-coded map displays a long term progression of changing global surface temperatures, from 1881 to 2009. Dark red indicates the greatest warming and dark blue indicates the greatest cooling. For more information on the data used to generate these images, please see http://giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ || ", "hits": 64 }, { "id": 3675, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3675/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2010-01-26T14:00:00-05:00", "title": "Ten-Year Average Global Temperature Anomaly Image from 2000 to 2009", "description": "There is a high degree of interannual (year-to-year) and decadal variability in both global and hemispheric temperatures. Underlying this variability, however, is a long-term warming trend that has become strong and persistent over the past three decades. The long-term trends are more apparent when temperature is averaged over several years. This image represents the 10 year average temperatures anomaly data from 2000 through 2009. || ", "hits": 90 }, { "id": 3653, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3653/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-08T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies for 1888,1918,1948,1978, 2008", "description": "Each year, scientists at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyze global temperature data. A rapid warming trend has occurred over the past 30 years. Calendar year 2008 was the coolest year since 2000, according to the Goddard Institute for Space Studies analysis of surface air temperature measurements. In this analysis, 2008 is the ninth warmest year in the period of instrumental measurements, which extends back to 1881. 2005 is the hottest year on record, and 2007 is tied with 1998 for second place. The Earth is experiencing the warmest level of the current interglacial period, or interval between ice ages, which has lasted nearly 12,000 years. This color-coded map displays a long term progression of changing global surface temperatures, from 1881 to 2008. Dark red indicates the greatest warming and dark blue indicates the greatest cooling. || ", "hits": 74 }, { "id": 3636, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3636/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-09-25T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope Observes the Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 Collision with Jupiter", "description": "From July 16 through July 22, 1994, pieces of an object designated as Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with Jupiter. This is the first collision of two solar system bodies ever to be observed, and the effects of the comet impacts on Jupiter's atmosphere have been simply spectacular and beyond expectations. Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 consisted of at least 21 discernable fragments with diameters estimated at up to 2 kilometers. IMPORTANT NOTE: These images are for visualization purposes only. They are not suitable for scientific analysis. || ", "hits": 68 }, { "id": 3520, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3520/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-09-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Flow Field Representation of Jupiter's Great Red Spot", "description": "This visualization shows a simple simulated flow field representation of Jupiter's Great Red Spot. The flow field is static (i.e., the wind directions don't change over time). This visualization was created in support of the Science On a Sphere film called \"Largest\" which is about Jupiter. These frames were rendered \"flat\" and are intended to be duplicated several times around the sphere. || ", "hits": 51 }, { "id": 3604, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3604/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-09-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Pull out from Jupiter Showing Moon Orbits", "description": "NOTE: The orbital plane of the moons in these visualizations is incorrect. The Galilean moons should be aligned to Jupiter's equator.This visualization shows jupiter and 63 of its moons. We start close in to Jupiter showing relativly fast moving inner moons that are generally in the same orbital plane including the so called 'Galilean moons': Europa, Io, Ganymede, and Callisto. Other inner moons are: Amalthea, Thebe, Adrastea, and Metis. These inner moons orbit Jupiter as fast as about every 7 hours to about every 17 days. These moons are also relativly close to Jupiter: from around 100 thousand to a couple of million kilometers away.We pull back revealing many smaller moons much farther away (tens of millions of kilometers) in much longer orbits (up to several years). Time speeds up to show the motion of these moons in irregular orbits. The following outer moons are displayed: Himalia, Elara, Pasiphae, Sinope, Lysithea, Carme, Ananke, Leda, Callirrhoe, Themisto, Megaclite, Taygete, Chaldene, Harpalyke, Kalyke, Iocaste, Erinome, Isonoe, Praxidike, Autonoe, Thyone, Hermippe, Aitne, Eurydome, Euanthe, Euporie, Orthosie, Sponde, Kale, Pasithee, Hegemone, Mneme, Aoede, Thelxinoe, Arche, Kallichore, Helike, Carpo, Eukelade, Cyllene, Kore, S/2000 J11, S/2003 J2, S/2003 J3, S/2003 J4, S/2003 J5, S/2003 J9 ,S/2003 J10, S/2003 J12, S/2003 J15, S/2003 J16, S/2003 J17, S/2003 J18, S/2003 J19, and S/2003 J23.This visualization was created in support of the Science On a Sphere film called \"Largest\" which is about Jupiter. The visualziation was choreographed to fit into \"Largest\" as a layer that is Intended to be composited with other layers including a background starfield. Three copies of this shot are arranged with orbits that fade on as we pull back in order to facilitate a seamless inset (without orbits falling off the boarder) on the Science On a Sphere composited frames. || ", "hits": 214 }, { "id": 3607, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3607/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-09-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Shoemaker-Levy 9 Hitting Jupiter with Orbit Trails", "description": "This visualziation shows the major fragments of comet Showmaker-Levy 9 colliding with Jupiter. The orbits are driven using ephemeris data. The impacts occurred over a series of about six Earth days which is why Jupiter (which rotates about once every Earth 10 hours) appears to be rotating so fast in this visualization; time is is depicted at about 7 hours per second of animation.The comet fragments shown are: \"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\", \"f\", \"g\", \"h\", \"k\", \"l\", \"n\", \"p\", \"p\", \"q\", \"q\", \"r\", \"s\", \"t\", \"u\", \"v\", and \"w\". Several letters were skipped (due to lack of ephemeris) and 2 letters \"p\" and \"q\" appear twice; these are also known as \"p1\", \"p2\", \"q1\", and \"q2\".This visualization was created in support of the Science On a Sphere film called \"LARGEST\" which is about Jupiter. The visualziation was choreographed to fit into \"LARGEST\" as a layer that is intended to be composited with other layers including a match-rendered background star field. Three copies of this shot are arranged in order to facilitate a seamless inset on the Science On a Sphere composited frames. || ", "hits": 73 }, { "id": 3608, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3608/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-09-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "One Thousand Earths Could Fit Inside Jupiter", "description": "This animation illustrates that it would take about 1000 Earths to fill a volume the size of Jupiter.This visualization was created in support of the Science On a Sphere film called \"LARGEST\" which is about Jupiter. The visualziation was choreographed to fit into \"LARGEST\" as a layer that is intended to be composited with other layers. In this case, mulitple layers are provided to make the it appear as if a sphere were filling up with Earths. These frames are in cylindrical equidistant projection and are intended to be viewed wrapped to a sphere. A sample composite of the layers is provided to show how the shot might be composed from the source layers. || ", "hits": 332 }, { "id": 3609, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3609/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-09-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Rotation Period Comparison Between Earth and Jupiter", "description": "This animation illustrates the difference in the rotational period between the Earth and Jupiter. Earth rotates once in 24 hours; whereas, Jupiter rotates more quickly, taking only about 10 hours. This means that Jupiter rotates about 2 1/2 times faster than the Earth. However, Jupiter is about 11 times bigger than the Earth, so matter near the outer 'surface' of Jupiter is travelling much faster (about 30 times faster) than matter at the outer 'surface' of Earth.This visualization was created in support of the Science On a Sphere film called \"LARGEST\" which is about Jupiter. The visualziation was choreographed to fit into \"LARGEST\" as a layers intended to be composited. The 2 animations of Earth and Jupiter are match rendered so that if played back at the same frame rate (say 30 frames per second), the relative rotational speed differences will be accurate. An example composite is provided for reference; in this composite, only a portion of Jupiter is shown so that the relative sizes of the planets are also represented. The composited shot is designed to be repeated around the scienice on a sphere display several times. || ", "hits": 1047 }, { "id": 3610, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3610/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-09-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Jupiter Cloud Sequence from Cassini", "description": "When the Cassini mission flew by the planet Jupiter in late 2000, a sequence of full disk images were taken of the planet. Assembled with proper spatial and temporal registration, the sequence could produce fourteen distinct images suitable for wrapping around a sphere.But the time steps between images were large and exhibited significant jumping. The solution was to create additional images between the existing set by interpolation. But simple interpolation would not work due to significant changes between the images.To solve this, we interpolated between the images using the velocity vector field of the cloud images. The velocity vector field was computed by performing a 2-dimensional cross-correlation (Wikipedia: Cross-correlation) between the images. This velocity field was checked against Jupiter velocity profiles from the scientific literature and agreement was excellent. With the addition of a simple vortex flow at the location of the Great Red Spot, the interpolation process was used to generate intermediate images, increasing the total number of images from 14 to 220 and resulting in a smoother animation. The elapsed time between each interpolated frame corresponds to about 1 hour. More info on the image sequence is available at Jupiter Mosaics and Movies - Rings, Satellites, AtmosphereIMPORTANT NOTE: These images are for visualization purposes only. They are not suitable for scientific analysis. || ", "hits": 126 }, { "id": 3611, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3611/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-09-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Jupiter Cloud Sequence from Voyager 1", "description": "When the Voyager 1 mission flew by the planet Jupiter in March of 1979, a sequence of full disk images were taken of the planet. Assembled with proper spatial and temporal registration, the sequence could produce fourteen distinct images suitable for wrapping around a sphere.But the time steps between images were large and exhibited significant jumping and data gaps. The solution was to create additional images between the existing set by interpolation. But simple interpolation would not work due to significant changes between the images.To solve this, we interpolated between the images using the velocity vector field of the cloud images. The velocity vector field was computed by performing a 2-dimensional cross-correlation (Wikipedia: Cross-correlation) between the images. This velocity field was checked against Jupiter velocity profiles from the scientific literature and agreement was excellent. With the addition of a simple vortex flow at the location of the Great Red Spot, the interpolation process was used to generate intermediate images, increasing the total number of images from 14 to 220 and resulting in a smoother animation.IMPORTANT NOTE: These images are for visualization purposes only. They are not suitable for scientific analysis. || ", "hits": 101 }, { "id": 3614, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3614/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-09-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Jupiter Cloud Sequence from Voyager 2", "description": "When the Voyager 2 mission flew by the planet Jupiter in July of 1979, a sequence of full disk images were taken of the planet. Assembled with proper spatial and temporal registration, the sequence could produce fourteen distinct images suitable for wrapping around a sphere.But the time steps between images were large and exhibited significant jumping and data gaps. The solution was to create additional images between the existing set by interpolation. But simple interpolation would not work due to significant changes between the images.To solve this, we interpolated between the images using the velocity vector field of the cloud images. The velocity vector field was computed by performing a 2-dimensional cross-correlation (Wikipedia: Cross-correlation) between the images. This velocity field was checked against Jupiter velocity profiles from the scientific literature and agreement was excellent. With the addition of a simple vortex flow at the location of the Great Red Spot, the interpolation process was used to generate intermediate images, increasing the total number of images from 14 to 220 and resulting in a smoother animation.IMPORTANT NOTE: These images are for visualization purposes only. They are not suitable for scientific analysis. || ", "hits": 51 }, { "id": 3615, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3615/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-09-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Equirectangular Projected Earth for \"LARGEST\"", "description": "This still of the Earth with clouds is intended to be wrapped to a sphere. The look (i.e., appearance of the clouds, coloration of the ocean, etc) was art-directed to meet the needs of a particular production.This visualization was created in support of the Science On a Sphere film called \"LARGEST\" which is about Jupiter. This still image matches several other Earth apperances from the film. || ", "hits": 887 }, { "id": 3616, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3616/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-09-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Galilean moon orbits from Callisto into Jupiter", "description": "NOTE: The orbital plane of the moons in these visualizations is incorrect. The Galilean moons should be aligned to Jupiter's equator.This visualization starts close in on Jupiter's moon Callisto. We pull back and start moving in towards Jupiter, passing Ganymede on the way. Io and Europa are off in the distance behind Jupiter as we push in and Jupiter fills the screen.This visualization was created in support of the Science On a Sphere film called \"LARGEST\" which is about Jupiter. The visualziation was choreographed to fit into \"LARGEST\" as a layers to be composited in post-production. There are five separate layers that were designed to give the editors flexibility in reagrds to when particular objects faded in/out. There are three layers that are identical except that Callisto and Jupiter are offset 0, 120, and 240 degrees; this is for a zoom out/in effect that transitions quickly to fully wrapped images of Callisto/Jupiter. A background layer contains only Io and Europa. Finally a layer with Jupiter as a gray ball in included for use in masking. All of the layers are intended to be composited over a starfield. Since there is very little camera motion other than a push in, a moving starfield is not provided for this shot.A composite movie is included to illustrate how the layers were intended to be used. || ", "hits": 86 }, { "id": 3617, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3617/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-09-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Inner moons of Jupiter Push In to Europa", "description": "This visualization starts showing the orbits of Jupiter's inner moons (Europa, Io, Ganymede, Callisto, Amalthea, Thebe, Adrastea, and Metis). As the orbits procede we begin to zero in on Europa. Other moons and orbits fade away as we push in to Europa filling the screen.This visualization was created in support of the Science On a Sphere film called \"LARGEST\" which is about Jupiter. Mulitple layer offset 120 degrees from each other are intended to overlay the orbits. A Europa label is provided so that it can be faded out in post production. A separate layer for Jupiter is also provided so that the other moons and orbit trails can also be faded out, leaving only Jupiter. || ", "hits": 207 }, { "id": 10477, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10477/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "LARGEST: A Spherical Movie About Jupiter", "description": "NASA's home for spherical films on Magic Planet. Download the Magic Planet-ready movie file here.Three hundred and eighty million miles from Earth, the solar system's largest planet spins like a sizzling top in the night, massive and powerful beyond all comparison short of the sun itself. It's therefore only fitting—and certainly about time—that the fifth planet receive its proper cinematic due, set naturally on the most appropriate cinematic platform. With the movie LARGEST, Jupiter comes to Science On a Sphere.LARGEST examines the gas giant like a work of art, like a destination of celestial wonder. Starting with the basics, the movie examines the gross anatomy of the immense planet. From swirling winds to astounding rotational velocity to unimaginable size, Jupiter demands nothing less than a list of superlatives. But where general description sets the stage, LARGEST parts the curtains on humanity's experience with the fifth planet. The movie takes us on a journey to this immense sphere via dramatic fly-bys with some of the most astounding robotic probes ever designed. Then, with NASA instruments trained on the striped behemoth, the drama really begins.NASA released LARGEST on September 15, 2009. It is one in a series of spherical movies created entirely by staff at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. But while the process to create a fully spherical movie is something of an in-house Goddard creation, the Science On a Sphere projection system itself is an invention of the space agency's sibling NOAA.This film has been prepared exclusively for playback on spherical projections systems. It will not play properly on a traditional computer or television screen. If you are interested in downloading the complete final movie file for spherical playback, please visit ftp://public.sos.noaa.gov/extras/.For more information about the movie itself, visit the main website at www.nasa.gov/largest. || ", "hits": 73 }, { "id": 3596, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3596/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-04-21T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies from 1881 to 2008 for Science On a Sphere", "description": "Each year, scientists at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyze global temperature data. A rapid warming trend has occurred over the past 30 years. Calendar year 2008 was the coolest year since 2000, according to the Goddard Institute for Space Studies analysis of surface air temperature measurements. In this analysis, 2008 is the ninth warmest year in the period of instrumental measurements, which extends back to 1881. 2005 is the hottest year on record, and 2007 is tied with 1998 for second place. The Earth is experiencing the warmest level of the current interglacial period, or interval between ice ages, which has lasted nearly 12,000 years. This color-coded map displays a long term progression of changing global surface temperatures, from 1881 to 2008. Dark red indicates the greatest warming and dark blue indicates the greatest cooling. || ", "hits": 50 }, { "id": 3579, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3579/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-02-05T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Sea Ice over the Arctic and Antarctic designed for Science On a Sphere (SOS) and WMS", "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean, typically averaging a few meters in thickness. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. This animation shows how the seasonal global sea ice has changed from day to day since 2002, when the Aqua satellite was launched. The AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite acquires high resolution measurements of the 89 GHz brightness temperature and sea ice concentration near the poles. This sensor is able to observe the entire polar region every day, even through clouds and snowfall, because it is not very sensitive to atmospheric effects. The false color of the sea ice, derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature, highlights the fissures or divergence areas in the sea ice cover by warm brightness temperatures (in blue) while cold brightness temperatures, shown in brighter white, represent consolidated sea ice. The sea ice edge identifies areas containing at least 15% ice concentration in the three-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration data.This sequence shows the daily global sea ice over both the Arctic and Antarctic on a Cartesian grid from June 21, 2002 through December 31, 2008 at a frame rate of four frames per day. On days when data is not available, the prior or following day's data is used. Periods when data was absent for several consecutive days include: 2002/07/29 through 2002/08/08, 2002/09/11 through 2002/09/20, and 2003/10/29 through 2003/11/03. || ", "hits": 40 }, { "id": 3481, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3481/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-11-05T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Minimum Sea Ice Comparison: 2005, 2007 and the 1979-2007 Average for Science On a Sphere (SOS)", "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. The sea ice cover reaches its minimum extent at the end of each summer and the remaining ice is called the perennial ice cover. The 2007 Arctic summer sea ice reached the lowest extent of perennial ice cover on record - nearly 25% less than the previous low set in 2005. The area of the perennial ice has been steadily decreasing since the satellite record began in 1979, at a rate of about 10% per decade. But the 2007 minimum, reached on September 14, is far below the previous record made in 2005 and is about 38% lower than the climatological average. Such a dramatic loss has implications for ecology, climate and industry. A full global version of this animation was developed for a Science On a Sphere exhibit. The animation is shown on a plane with a geographic (lat/lon) projection, but has been rotated 90 degrees so that the Arctic is in the center of the image. The animation compares the difference between the perennial sea ice minimum extent on September 21, 2005 and September 14, 2007. Both years are compared with the 1979-2007 average minimum sea ice. || ", "hits": 27 }, { "id": 3534, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3534/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-08-13T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Global Glacier Locations designed for Science On a Sphere (SOS) and WMS", "description": "This animation shows the locations of glaciers worldwide as semi-transparent markers that shrink over a time. Location data for the glaciers was collected from a wide variety of databases including the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) Glacier Database, the World Glacier Inventory, the West Greenland Glacier Inventory, the Antarctic Names Database, the Atlas of Canada and the Antarctic Digital database. In total, over 174,000 glaciers were identified. This set of glaciers was thinned spatially to retain only glaciers that were at least 1/4 degree away from other glacier locations in order to remove points that appeared coincident given the size of the location markers and the resolution of the images generated. Here, markers represent random locations where glaciers are found. Markers are stretched as required in latitude so that all markers appear circular when projected on the sphere. The markers begin as large and semi-transparent buttons, and change color, size and opacity over a period of 12 frames. || ", "hits": 28 }, { "id": 3490, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3490/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-01-16T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Five-Year Average Global Temperature Anomalies from 1881 to 2007", "description": "Each year, scientists at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyze global temperature data. A rapid warming trend has occurred over the past 30 years, and the eight hottest years on the GISS record have occurred in the past decade. 2005 is the hottest year on record, and 2007 is tied with 1998 for second place. The Earth is experiencing the warmest level of the current interglacial period, or interval between ice ages, which has lasted nearly 12,000 years. This color-coded map displays a long term progression of changing global surface temperatures, from 1881 to 2007. Dark red indicates the greatest warming and dark blue indicates the greatest cooling. || ", "hits": 60 }, { "id": 3523, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3523/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-01-07T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Seasonal Landcover for Science On a Sphere", "description": "The Blue Marble Next Generation (BMNG) data set provides a monthly global cloud-free true-color picture of the Earth's land cover at a 500-meter spatial resolution. This series of images fades from month to month showing seasonal variations such as snowfall, spring greening and droughts in a seamless fashion. The data set,derived from monthly data collected in 2004, is shown on a flat cartesian grid. The ocean color is derived from applying a depth shading to the bathymetry data. Where available, the Antarctica coverage shown is the Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA). || ", "hits": 44 }, { "id": 3507, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3507/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-01-06T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "2005 Sea Ice over the Arctic and Antarctic derived from AMSR-E (WMS and Science On a Sphere)", "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean, typically averaging a few meters in thickness. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. This series shows the global sea ice throughout 2005, when the maximum extent occurred on March 7th and the minimum extent occurred on September 21st. Here global data from the AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite is shown on a Cartesian grid. The false color in these images is derived from the daily AMSR-E 6.25 km 89 GHz brightness temperature while the sea ice extent is derived from the daily AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration. || ", "hits": 27 }, { "id": 3564, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3564/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2008-01-06T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Sea Ice over the Arctic and Antarctic designed for Science On a Sphere (SOS) and WMS", "description": "Sea ice is frozen seawater floating on the surface of the ocean, typically averaging a few meters in thickness. Some sea ice is semi-permanent, persisting from year to year, and some is seasonal, melting and refreezing from season to season. This animation shows how the seasonal global sea ice has changed from day to day in both the northern and southern hemisphere since 2002, when the Aqua satellite was launched.This series shows the daily global sea ice over both the Arctic and Antarctic from June 21, 2002 through September 22, 2008. Global data from the AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite is shown on a Cartesian grid. The sea ice extent is derived from the daily AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration where the ice concentration is above 15%. || ", "hits": 28 } ] }