{ "count": 28, "next": null, "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 5017, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5017/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-08-26T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "A Decade of Sea Surface Salinity", "description": "This data visualization shows sea surface salinity (i.e., ocean salt concentration) over a ten year period (2011 to 2021). Warm colors (orange to yellow) are areas of high salinity/hot tropics. Cooler colors (blue to violet) are fresher waters, many of which can be seen coming from rainy/river/wetter tropics. || salinity_v48_8k.4653_print.jpg (1024x512) [132.1 KB] || salinity_v48_8k.4653_searchweb.png (180x320) [80.5 KB] || salinity_v48_8k.4653_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || salinity_v49_1000p30.mp4 (2000x1000) [56.3 MB] || 2000x1000_2x1_60p (2000x1000) [0 Item(s)] || salinity_v49_1000p30.webm (2000x1000) [14.5 MB] || salinity_v49_1000p60.mp4 (2000x1000) [31.9 MB] || 8000x4000_2x1_60p (8000x4000) [0 Item(s)] || salinity_v49_8k_2000p30_h265.mp4 (4000x2000) [88.0 MB] || ", "hits": 377 }, { "id": 5020, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5020/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-08-24T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Sea Surface Salinity Trend", "description": "This data visualization shows the areas where sea surface salinity has increased (depicted in red) and descreased (depicted in blue) over ten years (2011 to 2021). || trend_2k.png (2000x1000) [870.4 KB] || trend_8k.png (8000x4000) [12.8 MB] || trend_4k.png (4000x2000) [3.3 MB] || trend_8k_print.jpg (1024x512) [169.6 KB] || trend_8k_searchweb.png (320x180) [88.8 KB] || trend_8k_thm.png (80x40) [8.2 KB] || trend_2k.tif (2000x1000) [50.0 MB] || trend_8k.tif (8000x4000) [94.0 MB] || trend_4k.tif (4000x2000) [193.2 MB] || sea-surface-salinity-trend.hwshow [258 bytes] || ", "hits": 103 }, { "id": 4971, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4971/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2022-06-07T10:00:00-04:00", "title": "Monitoring Changing Waters using the Gulf of Maine Atlantic Time Series (GNATS)", "description": "Visualization of 20 years of data from the Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series (GNATS). The data shown are temperatures at the water's surface and below the surface. Satellite based sea surface temperatures are also shown. This version does not include date or color bar overlays. || ship_tracks.00341_FINAL_RfH24.3_H19_2022-02-23_1458.02970_print.jpg (1024x576) [149.8 KB] || ship_tracks.00341_FINAL_RfH24.3_H19_2022-02-23_1458.02970_thm.png (80x40) [6.1 KB] || ship_tracks.00341_FINAL_RfH24.3_H19_2022-02-23_1458.02970_searchweb.png (320x180) [73.4 KB] || ship_tracks.00341_FINAL_RfH24.3_H19_2022-02-23_1458.02970_web.png (320x180) [73.4 KB] || ship_tracks.00341_FINAL_RfH24.3_H19_2022-02-23_1458_1080p29.97.mp4 (1920x1080) [76.4 MB] || ship_tracks.00341_FINAL_RfH24.3_H19_2022-02-23_1458_1080p29.97.webm (1920x1080) [12.0 MB] || 3840x2160_16x9_60p (3840x2160) [1.0 MB] || 9600x3240_16x9_30p (9600x3240) [1.0 MB] || ship_tracks.00341_FINAL_RfH24.3_H19_2022-02-23_1458_2160p59.94.mp4 (3840x2160) [249.3 MB] || preview_5x3_hyperwall_gulf_of_maine.mp4 (2400x810) [129.1 MB] || ", "hits": 91 }, { "id": 31046, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31046/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2019-07-15T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Soil Moisture, Salinity and Precipitation", "description": "Global maps shown the relationship between precipitation, soil moisture, and salinity. || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_2019-03-24_print.jpg (1024x576) [168.4 KB] || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_2019-03-24_searchweb.png (320x180) [81.6 KB] || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_2019-03-24_thm.png (80x40) [6.5 KB] || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_1080p.webm (1920x1080) [9.3 MB] || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [127.5 MB] || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_2019-03-24.tif (3840x2160) [7.7 MB] || salinity_soilm_precip (3840x2160) [0 Item(s)] || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_2160p.mp4 (3840x2160) [388.4 MB] || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_2160p.hwshow [106 bytes] || salinity_soilm_precip_squashed_1080p.hwshow [106 bytes] || ", "hits": 65 }, { "id": 30698, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30698/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2015-10-27T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Soil Moisture and Rainfall", "description": "Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity are compared to Rainfall || smap_and_imerg_print.jpg (1024x574) [184.6 KB] || smap_and_imerg_searchweb.png (180x320) [87.4 KB] || smap_and_imerg_thm.png (80x40) [6.9 KB] || smap_and_imerg_720p.webm (1280x720) [2.1 MB] || smap_and_imerg_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [20.4 MB] || smap_and_imerg_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [10.0 MB] || smap_and_imerg_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [62.8 MB] || smap_and_imerg.tif (4104x2304) [10.6 MB] || smap_and_imerg_30698.key [25.6 MB] || smap_and_imerg_30698.pptx [23.1 MB] || ", "hits": 71 }, { "id": 30583, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30583/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2015-02-13T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "AXIOM-1 Sea Surface Salinity, Sea Ice Thickness and Atmospheric Precipitable Water", "description": "This animation shows sea surface sailinity, sea ice thickness, and atmospheric precipitable water. || 0001_print.jpg (1024x576) [234.1 KB] || 0001_searchweb.png (180x320) [120.0 KB] || 0001_web.png (320x180) [120.0 KB] || 0001_thm.png (80x40) [8.0 KB] || sss-1920x1080.webm (1920x1080) [16.1 MB] || axiom_salinity_h265_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [109.1 MB] || axiom_salinity_720p.mp4 (1280x720) [166.0 MB] || sss-1920x1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [976.2 MB] || sss (5760x3240) [128.0 KB] || axiom_salinity_h265_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [1.0 GB] || ocean+salinity_ice_thickness_precip_water_30583.key [983.1 MB] || ocean+salinity_ice_thickness_precip_water_30583.pptx [979.9 MB] || axiom_salinity_2304p.mp4 (4096x2304) [1.5 GB] || ", "hits": 32 }, { "id": 10279, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10279/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2014-12-11T11:00:00-05:00", "title": "NASA On Air: NASA Tracks Amazon Plume and Ocean Salinity (12/11/2014)", "description": "LEAD: Hurricane forecasters can now use ocean salinity to help them better predict hurricanes.1. NASA’s Aquarius satellite data shows how ocean salinity (saltiness) changes during the year. Bright orange indicates higher saltiness.2. Hurricane forecasters can now zero in on the huge floating plume of fresh water coming from the Amazon River, the world’s largest river. The thick plume acts as a potential hot plate to energize hurricanes.3. From 1960 to 2000, two-thirds of Category 5 hurricanes passed directly over the Amazon plume.TAG: The ability to map the Amazon plume more precisely with ocean salinity measurements from NASA’s Aquarius satellite will benefit hurricane forecasters.REFERENCESGrodsky, S., Reul, N., Lagerloef, G., et al. (2012). Haline hurricane wake in the Amazon/Orinoco plume. Geophysical Research Letters, (39).Grodsky, S., et al (2014). Year-to-Year Salinity Changes. Remote Sensing of Environment. (140). || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_print.jpg (1024x576) [108.8 KB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.00502_print.jpg (1024x576) [103.7 KB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_searchweb.png (320x180) [79.8 KB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_web.png (320x180) [79.8 KB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180_thm.png (80x40) [6.6 KB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_WEA_CEN.wmv (1280x720) [13.8 MB] || AE_S8.avi (1280x720) [15.8 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_baron.mp4 (1920x1080) [21.1 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_960x540.m4v (960x540) [51.5 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1280x720.m4v (1280x720) [88.9 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_baron.webm (1920x1080) [3.5 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_1920x1080.mov (1920x1080) [771.2 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [884.7 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_NBC_Today.mov (1920x1080) [177.1 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_prores.mov (1920x1080) [552.0 MB] || WC_SalinityHurricanes-1920-MASTER_iPad_1920x0180.m4v (1920x1080) [176.7 MB] || ", "hits": 36 }, { "id": 4233, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4233/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-11-06T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity 2011-2014 - Flat Maps", "description": "Rectangular flat map projection (Atlantic-centered) with grid lines showing Sea Surface Salinity measurements taken by Aquarius between September 2011 and September 2014. || aquarius_sss_3yrs_atlantic_rect_grid0000_print.jpg (1024x576) [136.5 KB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_atlantic_rect_grid0000_searchweb.png (320x180) [88.6 KB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_atlantic_rect_grid0000_thm.png (80x40) [7.8 KB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_atlantic_rect_grid0000_web.png (320x180) [88.6 KB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_atlantic_rect_grid_1080.mp4 (1920x1080) [24.6 MB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_atlantic_rect_grid_1080.webmhd.webm (960x540) [8.5 MB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_atlantic_rect_grid (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || ", "hits": 66 }, { "id": 4234, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4234/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-11-06T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity 2011-2014 - Rotating Globes", "description": "3 years of sea surface salinity data displayed on a spinning globe focused on the northern hemisphere with date and color bar || aquarius_sss_3yrs_SpinningGlobe_north0000_print.jpg (1024x576) [55.8 KB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_SpinningGlobe_north1329_720.webmhd.webm (960x540) [6.4 MB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_SpinningGlobe_north_1080p.mp4 (1920x1080) [23.4 MB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_SpinningGlobe_north1329_720.mp4 (1280x720) [11.9 MB] || aquarius_sss_3yrs_SpinningGlobe_north (1920x1080) [0 Item(s)] || ", "hits": 47 }, { "id": 4205, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4205/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2014-09-24T09:00:00-04:00", "title": "Earth Science Heads-up Display", "description": "On September 10, 2014, NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) was celebrated in an evening event at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC. The title of this event was \"Vital Signs: Taking the Pulse of Our Planet\", and the speakers at this event included several Earth Scientists from Goddard Space Flight Center. This animation was used in the beginning of the event to illustrate the interconnectedness of the many Earth-based data sets that NASA has produced over the last decade or so. The animation simulates a view of the Earth from the International Space Station, over which interconnected data sets are displayed as if on a head-up display. || ", "hits": 50 }, { "id": 30499, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30499/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2014-05-13T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ocean Salinity and Daily Argo Coverage", "description": "Salinity has been measured at sea for centuries, first using buckets to collect samples, and later (within the past few decades) with instruments known as “CTDs,” which simultaneously measure conductivity (as a proxy for salinity), temperature, and ocean depth (based on pressure). This technology is used to provide single point samples throughout the ocean. The Argo program has over 3500 profiling floats with CTDs currently deployed in all ocean basins. The Argo array of profiling floats is the first attempt to monitor the global subsurface (upper 2000 meters) ocean temperature and salinity fields in real time. The first floats were deployed in late 1999 and it took another 8 years to reach the global target of 3000 operating floats delivering data every 10 days. While ~3500 floats seem like a lot, on a daily basis the ocean is still very undersampled.This visualization shows ocean salinity at 150 meters as derived by an eddy-resolving ocean model. The gray dots represent the daily locations of Argo floats from January 1993 to December 2010. Ocean salinity and temperature data from Argo floats have proved extremely useful, and can be used in combination with data from other sources (such as from NASA’s Aquarius mission and other satellite missions) to observe and model long-term ocean signals related to climate change. || ", "hits": 124 }, { "id": 30493, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30493/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2014-02-11T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "Daily Salinity Maps", "description": "New daily maps show seasonal variations in salinity in the oceans of the world. || ", "hits": 170 }, { "id": 30365, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/30365/", "result_type": "Hyperwall Visual", "release_date": "2013-10-24T12:00:00-04:00", "title": "Weekly Sea-Surface Salinity", "description": "The ocean's salinity is key to studying the water cycle and ocean circulation, both of which are important to Earth's climate. These maps show weekly sea-surface salinity from August 2011 to the present, as derived from Aquarius data. The colors of these data indicate the areas of low (dark purple) to high (light yellow) salinity in practical salinity units (psu). The Practical Salinity Scale (of which psu is a component) is used to describe the concentration of dissolved salts in water and defines salinity in terms of a conductivity ratio, so it is dimensionless. Black areas show where data were not available. Several well-known ocean salinity features such as higher salinity in the subtropics; higher average salinity in the Atlantic Ocean compared to the Pacific and Indian oceans; and lower salinity in rainy belts near the equator, in the northernmost Pacific Ocean and elsewhere are visible. These features are related to large-scale patterns of rainfall and evaporation over the ocean, river outflow and ocean circulation. || ", "hits": 124 }, { "id": 4050, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4050/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-02-28T13:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity Flat Maps 2012", "description": "The Aquarius spacecraft is designed to measure global sea surface salinity. It is important to understand salinity, the amount of dissolved salts in water, because it will lead us to better understanding of the water cycle and can lead to improved climate models. Aquarius is a collaboration between NASA and the Space Agency of ArgentinaThis visualization celebrates over a year of successful Aquarius observations. Sea surface salinity is shown on a flat map using a simple cartesian and extended Molleide projections. Versions are included with and without dates/color bars.The range of time shown is December 2011 through Decemeber 2012. The data continuously loops through this range every 6 seconds. This visualization was generated based on version 2.0 of the Aquarius data products with all 3 scanning beams. || ", "hits": 50 }, { "id": 4045, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4045/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-02-27T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity Tour 2012", "description": "The Aquarius spacecraft is designed to measure global sea surface salinity. It is important to understand salinity, the amount of dissolved salts in water, because it will lead us to better understanding of the water cycle and can lead to improved climate models. Aquarius is a collaboration between NASA and the Space Agency of ArgentinaThis visualization celebrates over a year of successful Aquarius observations. Sea surface salinity is shown at various locations around the globe highlighting the following:the Atlantic Ocean is generally much more salty than the Pacificlow salinity waters in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific are transported westwardhigh influxes of fresh water from the Amazon River basin can be clearly seenlow salinity waters are transported by the Labrador current to the southhigh influxes of fresh water from the Ganges River basin can be seen keeping the Eastern Indian Ocean lower salinity than the Western Indian OceanThe range of time shown is December 2011 through Decemeber 2012. The data continuously loops through this range every 6 seconds. This visualization was generated based on version 2.0 of the Aquarius data products with all 3 scanning beams. || ", "hits": 111 }, { "id": 4046, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4046/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2013-02-27T12:00:00-05:00", "title": "Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity on Rotating Globes 2012", "description": "The Aquarius spacecraft is designed to measure global sea surface salinity. It is important to understand salinity, the amount of dissolved salts in water, because it will lead us to better understanding of the water cycle and can lead to improved climate models. Aquarius is a collaboration between NASA and the Space Agency of ArgentinaThis visualization celebrates over a year of successful Aquarius observations. Sea surface salinity in the northern hemisphere is shown as the globe slowly rotates. The data cycles through a single year, 2012, and repeats. Two versions of the visualization are provied: a version with dates and a scientific color bar and another version without dates and a simpler color bar. The range of time shown is December 2011 through Decemeber 2012. The data continuously loops through this range every 6 seconds. This visualization was generated based on version 2.0 of the Aquarius data products with all 3 scanning beams.http://The Aquarius spacecraft || ", "hits": 36 }, { "id": 3829, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3829/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-05-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aquarius studies Ocean and Wind Flows", "description": "Aquarius is a focused satellite mission to measure global Sea Surface Salinity. During its nominal three-year mission, Aquarius will map the salinity at the ocean surface to improve our understanding of Earth's water cycle and ocean circulation. Aquarius will help scientists see how freshwater moves between the ocean and the atmosphere. It will monitor changes in the water cycle due to rainfall, evaporation, ice melting, and river runoff. Aquarius will also demonstrate a measurement capability that can be applied to future operational missions. Ocean circulation is driven in large part by changes in water density, which is determined by temperature and salinity. Cold, high-salinity water masses sink and trigger the ocean's \"themalhaline circulation\" - the surface and deep currents that distribute solar energy to regulate Earth's climate. By measuring salinity, Aquarius will provide new insight into this global process. Aquarius' measurements of ocean salinity will provide a new perspective on the ocean and its links to climate, greatly expanding upon limited past measurements. Aquarius salinity data - combined with data from other sensors that measure sea level, ocean color, temperature, winds and rainfall will give us a much clearer picture of how the ocean works, how it is linked to climate, and how it may respond to climate change.Aquarius will provide information that will help improve predictions of future climate trends and short-term climate events such as El Niño and La Niña. Precise salinity measurements from Aquarius will reveal changes in patterns of global precipitation and evaporation and show how these changes may affect ocean circulation. || ", "hits": 276 }, { "id": 10709, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10709/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-05-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aquarius Water Cycle", "description": "Scientists need a breadth of information to understand the ocean's processes. That's where Aquarius comes in. The sensor will use advanced technologies to give NASA its first space-based measurements of sea surface salinity, helping scientists to improve predictions of future climate trends and events. || ", "hits": 44 }, { "id": 10735, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10735/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2011-05-10T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aquarius Climate", "description": "Sea surface salinity has a massive influence on Earth's climate. With Aquarius, scientists will have a new way to measure that influence in a consistent way. With its unprecedented accurate and consistent salinity measurements, Aquarius will help climate modelers to better understand the ocean-atmosphere processes that are changing Earth's climate. || ", "hits": 33 }, { "id": 3830, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3830/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-05-05T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Aquarius Satellite & Data Pre-launch Beauty Shot", "description": "Aquarius is a focused satellite mission to measure global Sea Surface Salinity. After its planned 09-Jun-11 launch, it will provide the global view of salinity variability needed for climate studies. The Aquarius / SAC-D mission is being developed by NASA and the Space Agency of Argentina (Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, CONAE). The satellite model depicted in this animation is an artist rendition and intentionally exaggerated so as to remain visible as it flies around the globe. Had the satellite model been rendered true-to-scale, it would not be visible when we pull out to see the full earth. || ", "hits": 34 }, { "id": 3816, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3816/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2011-01-21T00:00:00-05:00", "title": "The Thermohaline Circulation - The Great Ocean Conveyor Belt - Stereoscopic Version", "description": "The oceans are mostly composed of warm salty water near the surface over cold, less salty water in the ocean depths. These two regions don't mix except in certain special areas. The ocean currents, the movement of the ocean in the surface layer, are driven primarily by the wind. In certain areas near the polar oceans, the colder surface water also gets saltier due to evaporation or sea ice formation. In these regions, the surface water becomes dense enough to sink to the ocean depths. This pumping of surface water into the deep ocean forces the deep water to move horizontally until it can find an area on the world where it can rise back to the surface and close the current loop. This usually occurs in the equatorial ocean, mostly in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This very large, slow current is called the thermohaline circulation because it is caused by temperature and salinity (haline) variations.This animation shows one of the major regions where this pumping occurs, the North Atlantic Ocean around Greenland, Iceland, and the North Sea. The surface ocean current brings new water to this region from the South Atlantic via the Gulf Stream and the water returns to the South Atlantic via the North Atlantic Deep Water current. The continual influx of warm water into the North Atlantic polar ocean keeps the regions around Iceland and southern Greenland generally free of sea ice year round.The animation also shows another feature of the global ocean circulation: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The region around latitude 60 south is the the only part of the Earth where the ocean can flow all the way around the world with no obstruction by land. As a result, both the surface and deep waters flow from west to east around Antarctica. This circumpolar motion links the world's oceans and allows the deep water circulation from the Atlantic to rise in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, thereby closing the surface circulation with the northward flow in the Atlantic.The color on the world's ocean's at the beginning of this animation represents surface water density, with dark regions being most dense and light regions being least dense (see the animation Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity and Density). The depths of the oceans are highly exaggerated to better illustrate the differences between the surface flows and deep water flows. The actual flows in this model are based on current theories of the thermohaline circulation rather than actual data. The thermohaline circulation is a very slow moving current that can be difficult to distinguish from general ocean circulation. Therefore, it is difficult to measure or simulate.This is a stereoscopic version of the original visualziation. || ", "hits": 284 }, { "id": 10504, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10504/", "result_type": "Produced Video", "release_date": "2009-10-12T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Salt of the Earth", "description": "Salinity plays a major role in how ocean waters circulate around the globe. Salinity changes can create ocean circulation changes that, in turn, may impact regional and global climates. The extent to which salinity impacts our global ocean circulation is still relatively unknown, but NASA's new Aquarius mission will help advance that understanding by painting a global picture of our planet's salty waters.For complete transcript, click here. || Salt_of_the_Earth_640x480.00519_print.jpg (1024x576) [66.1 KB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_640x480_web.png (320x180) [106.1 KB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_640x480_thm.png (80x40) [12.6 KB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_appletv_1280x720.webmhd.webm (960x540) [65.9 MB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_H264_1280x720_30fps.mov (1280x720) [150.0 MB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_appletv_1280x720.m4v (960x540) [166.5 MB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_1280x720.mp4 (1280x720) [99.9 MB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_broll_prores.mov (1280x720) [4.7 GB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_Youtube_1280x720.mov (1280x720) [72.2 MB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_640x480.m4v (640x360) [55.1 MB] || GSFC_20091012_Aquarius_m10504_Salt.en_US.srt [6.0 KB] || GSFC_20091012_Aquarius_m10504_Salt.en_US.vtt [6.1 KB] || Salt_of_the_Earth_ipod_320x240.m4v (320x180) [23.1 MB] || Salt_of_the_Earth.wmv (346x260) [35.0 MB] || ", "hits": 190 }, { "id": 3652, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3652/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-09T13:24:00-04:00", "title": "Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity and Density", "description": "Sea Surface TemperatureThe oceans of the world are heated at the surface by the sun, and this heating is uneven for many reasons. The Earth's axial rotation, revolution about the sun, and tilt all play a role, as do the wind-driven ocean surface currents. The first animation in this group shows the long-term average sea surface temperature, with red and yellow depicting warmer waters and blue depicting colder waters. The most obvious feature of this temperature map is the variation of the temperature by latitude, from the warm region along the equator to the cold regions near the poles. Another visible feature is the cooler regions just off the western coasts of North America, South America, and Africa. On these coasts, winds blow from land to ocean and push the warm water away from the coast, allowing cooler water to rise up from deeper in the ocean. || ", "hits": 911 }, { "id": 3658, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3658/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2009-10-08T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "The Thermohaline Circulation - The Great Ocean Conveyor Belt", "description": "The oceans are mostly composed of warm salty water near the surface over cold, less salty water in the ocean depths. These two regions don't mix except in certain special areas. The ocean currents, the movement of the ocean in the surface layer, are driven mostly by the wind. In certain areas near the polar oceans, the colder surface water also gets saltier due to evaporation or sea ice formation. In these regions, the surface water becomes dense enough to sink to the ocean depths. This pumping of surface water into the deep ocean forces the deep water to move horizontally until it can find an area on the world where it can rise back to the surface and close the current loop. This usually occurs in the equatorial ocean, mostly in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This very large, slow current is called the thermohaline circulation because it is caused by temperature and salinity (haline) variations.This animation shows one of the major regions where this pumping occurs, the North Atlantic Ocean around Greenland, Iceland, and the North Sea. The surface ocean current brings new water to this region from the South Atlantic via the Gulf Stream and the water returns to the South Atlantic via the North Atlantic Deep Water current. The continual influx of warm water into the North Atlantic polar ocean keeps the regions around Iceland and southern Greenland mostly free of sea ice year round.The animation also shows another feature of the global ocean circulation: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The region around latitude 60 south is the the only part of the Earth where the ocean can flow all the way around the world with no land in the way. As a result, both the surface and deep waters flow from west to east around Antarctica. This circumpolar motion links the world's oceans and allows the deep water circulation from the Atlantic to rise in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and the surface circulation to close with the northward flow in the Atlantic.The color on the world's ocean's at the beginning of this animation represents surface water density, with dark regions being most dense and light regions being least dense (see the animation Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity and Density). The depths of the oceans are highly exaggerated to better illustrate the differences between the surface flows and deep water flows. The actual flows in this model are based on current theories of the thermohaline circulation rather than actual data. The thermohaline circulation is a very slow moving current that can be difficult to distinguish from general ocean circulation. Therefore, it is difficult to measure or simulate. || ", "hits": 278 }, { "id": 20085, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20085/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2006-10-04T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ocean Convection at High Altitudes - Normal Condition", "description": "Understanding the variability of the density of ocean water is critical to understanding changes in the ocean's circulation, particularly those parts of the circulation that pertain to climate. In the tropics, the sun warms the surface water and causes that water to expand. Because the surface water is now less dense than the cooler water below, the warmest waters remain near the surface. Near the poles, the energy input by the sun is not as strong, and the surface waters are not warmed to the degree they are away from the poles. Here, it is the salinity of the water plays a critical role as to which water is found at the surface as the waters near the surface are not that much different in temperature to the water below. These animations highlight the crucial role of salinity in high latitude convection (upward and downward movement of water) and climate.This animation, labeled Normal, is a display of the way convection might often occur at high latitudes. Here the water initially is assumed to be almost constant in temperature and salinity from top to bottom. At the times when the air immediately above is colder than the water, there is a transfer of heat from the water to the atmosphere. The surface waters cool, condense, become more dense and ultimately sink. Because the cooling can be very intense at high latitudes, the surface water can cool enough to sink to the bottom. Note in this animation that the convection is depicted to occur in a narrow, almost chimney like area. This is very much the way nature and deep convection behaves at high latitudes. Note later in this animation, the coldest water has made its way to the bottom and it appears the water is moving from right to left near the bottom. This depiction is meant to indicate a movement toward the tropics at these depths. || ", "hits": 182 }, { "id": 20086, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20086/", "result_type": "Animation", "release_date": "2006-10-04T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "Ocean Convection at High Altitudes - Fresh Condition", "description": "Understanding the variability of the density of ocean water is critical to understanding changes in the ocean's circulation, particularly those parts of the circulation that pertain to climate. In the tropics, the sun warms the surface water and causes that water to expand. Because the surface water is now less dense than the cooler water below, the warmest waters remain near the surface. Near the poles, the energy input by the sun is not as strong, and the surface waters are not warmed to the degree they are away from the poles. Here, it is the salinity of the water plays a critical role as to which water is found at the surface as the waters near the surface are not that much different in temperature to the water below. These animations highlight the crucial role of salinity in high latitude convection (upward and downward movement of water) and climate.This animation, labeled Fresh, illustrates the condition where the water near the surface is assumed to be much fresher than the saltier water below. Now when a atmosphere cools the surface water, the water sinks, but it does not make it all the way to the bottom. The scenario displayed is one where the condensing effect of the cooling is not strong enough to overcome the effects that salinity has on the density of the water. The less saline the water, the less dense it is. A cold fresh layer of water is constrained near the surface. Sometimes, this layer can even freeze insulating the water from any further cooling by the atmosphere. Note that in this animation there is very little movement of the water at depth back toward the tropics. || ", "hits": 120 }, { "id": 3205, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3205/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-07-29T00:00:00-04:00", "title": "ARGO Float Animation #2", "description": "This visualization shows the locations of the ARGO buoy array over time. When the buoys above water, the lines are brighter; when the buoys are under water, the lines are fainter. The ARGO buoys measure ocean salinity, column temperature, and current velocities. This version of the visualization uses a faster camera move than version #1 (animation 3204). || ", "hits": 41 }, { "id": 3204, "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3204/", "result_type": "Visualization", "release_date": "2005-07-28T11:00:00-04:00", "title": "ARGO Float Animation #1", "description": "This visualization shows the locations of the ARGO buoy array over time. When the buoys are above water, the lines are brighter; when the buoys are under water, the lines are fainter. The ARGO buoys measure ocean salinity, column temperature, and current velocities. This version of the visualization uses a slow camera move. || ", "hits": 37 } ] }