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    "results": [
        {
            "id": 14872,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14872/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2025-08-01T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "NASA's Black Marble: Stories from the Night Sky",
            "description": "What can we learn from Earth’s nightlights? How does satellite data reveal powerful insights into our world after dark? From the steady glow of growing cities to the sudden darkness caused by natural disasters, nighttime imagery helps scientists track changes across the globe. From the quiet of rural towns to the bustle of urban streets, human activity shapes the planet’s nighttime presence. Wildfires, power outages, and recovery efforts, all visible through the shifting patterns of light. Commercial fishing fleets illuminate oceans, electricity use expands across regions, and cultural celebrations brighten the night sky. Not only does NASA’s Black Marble data help us understand life here on Earth, but it helps us understand space weather and its impacts to technology. It helps us understand auroras. It helps us understand our space environment. Nighttime satellite imagery and data is more than beautiful, it is a powerful tool for monitoring change, guiding aid, and uncovering unseen rhythms of life on our planet. || ",
            "hits": 151
        },
        {
            "id": 4134,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4134/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2014-01-16T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Groundwater Depletion in India Revealed by GRACE -Extended",
            "description": "Scientists using data from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) have found that the groundwater beneath Northern India has been receding by as much as one foot per year over the past decade. After examining many environmental and climate factors, the team of hydrologists led by Matt Rodell of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. concluded that the loss is almost entirely due to human consumption.Groundwater comes from the natural percolation of precipitation and other surface waters down through Earth's soil and rock, accumulating in aquifers - cavities and layers of porous rock, gravel, sand, or clay. In some subterranean reservoirs, the water may be thousands to millions of years old; in others, water levels decline and rise again naturally each year. Groundwater levels do not respond to changes in weather as rapidly as lakes, streams, and rivers do. So when groundwater is pumped for irrigation or other uses, recharge to the original levels can take months or years. The animation shown here depicts the change in groundwater levels with respect to the 2003-2009 mean, as measured each month from January 2003 to June 2013. || ",
            "hits": 117
        },
        {
            "id": 3623,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3623/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-08-12T00:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Groundwater Depletion in India Revealed by GRACE",
            "description": "Scientists using data from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) have found that the groundwater beneath Northern India has been receding by as much as one foot per year over the past decade. After examining many environmental and climate factors, the team of hydrologists led by Matt Rodell of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. concluded that the loss is almost entirely due to human consumption.Groundwater comes from the natural percolation of precipitation and other surface waters down through Earth's soil and rock, accumulating in aquifers - cavities and layers of porous rock, gravel, sand, or clay. In some subterranean reservoirs, the water may be thousands to millions of years old; in others, water levels decline and rise again naturally each year. Groundwater levels do not respond to changes in weather as rapidly as lakes, streams, and rivers do. So when groundwater is pumped for irrigation or other uses, recharge to the original levels can take months or years. More than 109 cubic km (26 cubic miles) of groundwater disappeared from the region's aquifers between 2002 and 2008 — double the capacity of India's largest surface water reservoir, the Upper Wainganga, and triple that of Lake Mead, the largest manmade reservoir in the U.S. The animation shown here depicts the change in groundwater levels as measured each November between 2002 to 2008. || ",
            "hits": 392
        },
        {
            "id": 3601,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3601/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-06-27T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Global Agricultural Monitoring",
            "description": "The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to strengthen collaboration. In support of this collaboration, NASA and the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) jointly funded a new project to assimilate NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and products into an existing decision support system (DSS) operated by the International Production Assessment Division (IPAD) of FAS. To meet its objectives, FAS/IPAD uses satellite data and data products to monitor agriculture worldwide and to locate and keep track of natural disasters such as short and long term droughts, floods and persistent snow cover which impair agricultural productivity. FAS is the largest user of satellite imagery in the non-military sector of the U.S. government. For the last 20 years FAS has used a combination of Landsat and NOAA-AVHRR satellite data to monitor crop condition and report on episodic events. || ",
            "hits": 22
        },
        {
            "id": 3492,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3492/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2009-03-09T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Atlantic Transport of Anthropogenic Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD)  in 2003",
            "description": "In a new NASA study, researchers taking advantage of improvements in satellite sensor capabilities offer the first measurement-based estimate of the amount of pollution. The new measurements from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on NASA's Terra satellite substantiate the results of previous model-based studies, and are the most extensive to date. Hongbin Yu, an associate research scientist of the University of Maryland Baltimore County working at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., grew up in China and taught there as a university professor, , where he witnessed first-hand and studied how pollution from nearby power plants affected the local environment. Yu points out, however, that the matter of pollution transport is a global one. \"Our study focused on East Asian pollution transport, but pollution also flows from Europe, North America, the broader Asian region and elsewhere, across bodies of water and land, to neighboring areas and beyond,\" he said. \"So we should not simply blame East Asia for this amount of pollution flowing into North America.\" In fact, a recent model study conducted by Mian Chin, co-author of this study and an atmospheric scientist at NASA Goddard suggests that European pollution also makes significant contribution to the pollution inflow to North America. \"Satellite instruments give us the ability to capture finer measurements, on a nearly daily basis across a broader geographic region and across a longer time frame so that the overall result is a better estimate than any other measurement method we've had in the past,\" said study co-author Lorraine Remer, a physical scientist and member of the MODIS science team at NASA Goddard. The MODIS instrument can distinguish between broad categories of particles in the air, and observes Earth's entire surface every one to two days, enabling it to monitor movement of the East Asian pollution aerosols as they rise into the lower troposphere, the area of the atmosphere where we live and breathe, and make their way across the Pacific and up into the middle and upper regions of the troposphere. Remer added that the research team also found that pollution movements fluctuate during the year, with the East Asian airstream carrying its largest \"load\" in spring and smallest in summer. The most extensive East Asian export of pollution across the Pacific took place in 2003, triggered by record-breaking wildfires across vast forests of East Asia and Russia. Notably, the pollution aerosols also travel across the ocean quickly, journeying into the atmosphere above North American in as little as one week. \"We cannot determine at what level of elevation in the atmosphere the pollution ends up once it crosses over to North America, so we do not have a way in this study to assess what actual impact it has on air quality here,\" said Remer. \"Nevertheless, we realize there is indeed impact. For example, particles like these have been linked to regional weather and climate effects. Since pollution transport is such a broad global issue, it is important moving forward to extend this kind of study to other regions, to see how much pollution is migrating from its source regions to others, when, and how fast,\" said Remer. || ",
            "hits": 31
        },
        {
            "id": 3493,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3493/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-04-21T08:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Chesapeake Bay Cities",
            "description": "This animation takes us on a tour around the Chesapeake Bay region visiting major city centers in the surrounding states: Maryland, Virginia, Delaware and the District of Columbia. The imagery utilized for this animation is a false-color Chesapeake Bay Landsat-7 Mosaic (#3473) composed of eight scenes acquired between 1999-2002, which were put together and color corrected to resemble natural looking colors.The mosaic was created by EarthSat under contract with NASA as part of the GeoCover 2000 product. All images used in GeoCover were acquired by Landsat 7 during the period of 1999-2002. The pixel size of the full resolution image represents 14.25 m on the ground. The Chesapeake Bay mosaic uses portions of eight Landsat-7 scenes. Below you will find a listing of the eight Landsat 7 images that were put together to create the composite image. Landsat scenes are organized by a Path and Row number according to the Worldwide Reference System. (To learn more about Landsat's Worldwide Reference System, please visit: http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/about/wrs.html)Scenes used in the Chesapeake Bay mosaic: Landsat 7 WRS Path 15-Row 32 acquired on Oct. 05, 2001 Landsat 7 WRS Path 14-Row 32 acquired on Sept. 23, 1999 Landsat 7 WRS Path 15-Row 33 acquired on October 05, 2001 Landsat 7 WRS Path 14-Row 33 acquired on July 10, 2001 Landsat 7 WRS Path 15-Row 34 acquired on Sept. 30, 1999 Landsat 7 WRS Path 14-Row 34 acquired on July 10, 2001 Landsat 7 WRS Path 15-Row 35 acquired on Sept. 30, 1999 Landsat 7 WRS Path 14-Row 35 acquired on Sept. 23, 1999 || ",
            "hits": 19
        },
        {
            "id": 3491,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3491/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2008-03-13T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Pacific Anthropogenic Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD)  in 2003",
            "description": "According to measurements taken with a satellite instrument, vast quantities of industrial aerosols and smoke from biomass burning in East Asia and Russia are traveling from one side of the globe to another. Explosive economic growth in Asia has profound implications for the atmosphere worldwide. Data collected by a NASA satellite shows a dense blanket of polluted air over the Northwestern Pacific. This brown cloud is a toxic mix of ash, acids, and airborne particles from car and factory emissions, as well as from low-tech polluters like coal-burning stoves and from forest fires. This image generated by data from NASA's instrument called MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) onboard the Terra satellite demonstrates how large and pervasive this transport phenomenon is across vast areas. China's exports fill shelves around the world, but according to a new NASA research paper, China also heavily exports pollution. This week, space agency scientists reveal how Chinese industrialization and Russian forest fires in combination with pollution transported eastward from Europe send roughly 18 teragrams - almost 40 billion pounds-of pollution aerosols into the atmosphere over the Northwestern Pacific every year. The MODIS instrument on NASA's Terra satellite has been tracking the particulate pollution for more than seven years, gathering data as most of it drifted east across the Pacific Ocean. About 4.5 teragrams of particulate pollution each year could reach the western boundary of North America, which is about 15% of local emissions of particulate pollutants from the U.S. and Canada. In the last two decades, China has more than doubled its pollution production. This boom may be contributing to substantial changes in climate and weather in places far from the origin of the particulates. Never in human history-anywhere-has there been industrial growth like that in modern China. But with fast growth comes unintended consequences, and from space evidence of those consequences is starting to emerge. The research relies on measurements of something called \"aerosol optical thickness\". It's a quantitative measurement about how well a slice of atmosphere transmits light. The greater the value of optical thickness for a given location, the less light of a particular wavelength can pass through it. Measurements of aerosol optical thickness describe quantities of tiny particles in a given volume. By measuring how much light can penetrate a region of atmosphere across a variety of wavelengths, scientists can make certain inferences about the quantity and type of particles blocking that light. This visualization shows the seasonal variations of transport of pollution aerosols across the North Pacific. The East Asian airstream carries its largest pollution loading in spring and smallest in summer and fall. With heavy concentrations of aerosols represented by shades of brown, scientists can track the origins and distribution of the particles as they travel in the atmosphere. The sequence also shows a trail of substantial aerosol concentrations from a variety of sources. These sources include heavy industrial activity in East Asia associated with high population density represented in this sequence by gradations of black covering the land surface, and intense Russian forest fires in high latitudes. || ",
            "hits": 58
        },
        {
            "id": 10184,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10184/",
            "result_type": "Produced Video",
            "release_date": "2008-01-30T00:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Urban Growth in Las Vegas",
            "description": "In May 1973, less than a year after the first of NASA's Landsat satellites was launched, Las Vegas, Nevada had a population of only 358,000.  By 2006 the population had ballooned to over 2 million.  Still one of America's fastest growing urban areas, this series of Landsat scenes from four different years shows just how dramamtic the growth of Las Vegas has been. || ",
            "hits": 99
        },
        {
            "id": 2912,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2912/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2005-05-16T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Population Density of the World, 1990-2015 (WMS)",
            "description": "This animation shows the population density of the world in the years 1990, 1995, 2000, as well as a population density estimated for the year 2015.  These figures have been adjusted to match United Nations totals.  The most dramatic differences in population are not readily visible in this animation because they are located in cities.  The maximum population density in 1990 was about 79,000 people per square kilometer, while the estimated maximum population density in 2015 will be about 236,000 people per square kilometer.  Developing areas in Africa, Latin America, and Asia change the most visibly. || ",
            "hits": 120
        },
        {
            "id": 2979,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2979/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-09-03T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Mississippi Dead Zone",
            "description": "Recent reports indicate that the large region of low oxygen water often referred to as the 'Dead Zone' has spread across nearly 5,800 square miles of the Gulf of Mexico again in what appears to be an annual event. NASA satellites monitor the health of the oceans and spots the conditions that lead to a dead zone. These images show how ocean color changes from winter to summer in the Gulf of Mexico. Summertime satellite observations of ocean color from MODIS Aqua show highly turbid waters which may include large blooms of phytoplankton extending from the mouth of the Mississippi River all the way to the Texas coast. When these blooms die and sink to the bottom, bacterial decomposition strips oxygen from the surrounding water, creating an environment very difficult for marine life to survive in. Reds and oranges represent high concentrations of phytoplankton and river sediment. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ships measured low oxygen water in the same location as the highly turbid water in the satellite images. Most studies indicate that fertilizers and runoff from human sources is one of the major stresses impacting coastal ecosystems. In the third image using NOAA data, reds and oranges represent low oxygen concentrations. || ",
            "hits": 38
        },
        {
            "id": 2911,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2911/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2004-02-13T12:00:00-05:00",
            "title": "Urbanization around the Pearl River Estuary in China from 1973 through 2001 (WMS)",
            "description": "The region around the Pearl River Estuary in southern China experienced rapid urban growth in the 1980s and 1990s. This growth was spurred by the establishment of special government economic zones, particularly in Shenzhen, just to the east of the estuary. Urban areas increased by more than 300% between 1988 and 1996. This growth can be directly assessed by remote sensing measurements from space, particularly by comparing images from the Landsat sensors for the last thirty years. This animation shows nine such images in sequence, from the years 1973, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1988, 1992, 1995, 2000, and 2001. || ",
            "hits": 28
        },
        {
            "id": 2634,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2634/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-08-20T12:30:00-04:00",
            "title": "Impervious Data of the Washington, DC and Baltimore, Maryland Area",
            "description": "Here we see an image of the Washington, D.C.-Baltimore area taken with the Landsat satellite on March 27, 1998. For over 26 years, Landsat images have been used to help urban planners understand where growth is taking place and help geographers evaluate how different urban planning programs effect population growth and land use. || ",
            "hits": 11
        },
        {
            "id": 2636,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2636/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-08-20T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Impervious Data of the Washington, DC Area",
            "description": "Here we see an image of the Washington, D.C. area taken with the Landsat satellite. The dates of the images are from 1986, 1990, 1996, and 2000. For over 26 years, Landsat images have been used to help urban planners understand where growth is taking place and help geographers evaluate how different urban planning programs effect population growth and land use. || ",
            "hits": 15
        },
        {
            "id": 2637,
            "url": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2637/",
            "result_type": "Visualization",
            "release_date": "2002-08-20T12:00:00-04:00",
            "title": "Impervious Data of the Baltimore Area",
            "description": "Here we see an image of the Baltimore Maryland area taken with the Landsat satellite. Dates ranging from 1986, 1990, 1996, 2000. For over 26 years, Landsat images have been used to help urban planners understand where growth is taking place and help geographers evaluate how different urban planning programs effect population growth and land use. || ",
            "hits": 12
        }
    ]
}